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Estimation of Variability, Heritability, and Genetic Advance among
Ethiopian Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) Accessions
Gizaw Wegayehu Tilahun1, Dasta Tsagaye Galalcha1, Fekadu Gebretensay Mengistu2, Demis
Fikire Limeneh1, Awoke Ali Zeleke3 and Nimona Fufa Hundie1
Print ISSN 0976-3988 Online ISSN 0976-4038
Arcle AR4379
DOI: HTTPS://DOI.ORG/10.23910/1.2023.4379
Research Article
International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management
1Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center (KARC), P.O.Box 489, Asella, Ethiopia
2Debre Zeit Agricultural Research Center, P.O.Box 32, DebreZeit, Ethiopia
3Fogera National Rice Research and Training Center, Wereta, Ethiopia
RECEIVED on 17th July 2023 RECEIVED in revised form on 24th August 2023 ACCEPTED in nal form on 09th September 2023 PUBLISHED on 18th September 2023
Stress Management
IJBSM September 2023, 14(9):1225-1233
hps://pphouse.org/ijbsm.php
Citation (VANCOUVER): Tilahun et al., Estimation of Variability, Heritability, and Genetic Advance among Ethiopian Coriander
(Coriandrum sativum L.) Accessions. International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management, 2023; 14(9), 1225-1233. HTTPS://DOI.
ORG/10.23910/1.2023.4379.
Copyright: © 2023 Tilahun et al. is is an open access article that permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium
after the author(s) and source are credited.
Data Availability Statement: Legal restrictions are imposed on the public sharing of raw data. However, authors have full right to transfer
or share the data in raw form upon request subject to either meeting the conditions of the original consents and the original research
study. Further, access of data needs to meet whether the user complies with the ethical and legal obligations as data controllers to allow
for secondary use of the data outside of the original study.
Conict of interests: e authors have declared that no conflict of interest exists.
A
field experiment was conducted at the Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center in Southeast Ethiopia during the meher
season (July to November 2019 and 2020) to evaluate the extent of variability, heritability, and genetic advance of eight
yield and yield-related variables among 25 Ethiopian coriander accessions. A 5×5 simple lattice with two replications was
used to arrange the accessions. The combined analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences (P< 0.01) for the
eight examined traits. The results showed a large degree of variation in all traits that were studied, pointing to the possibility
of simultaneously boosting yield and traits that are related to yield. The estimated broad sense heritability (H2b) ranged from
low for seeds per umbel and thousand-seed weight during the first and second growing seasons, respectively, to very high for
seed yield (t ha-1), number of umbel plant-1, and number of umbellets umbel-1. The seed yield plant-1 (g), seed yield (t ha-1),
and number of umbellets umbel-1 were shown to have the highest genetic advances as a percentage of the mean (GAM (%)).
According to these findings, cultivar selection based on traits of high H2b in combination with high GAM (%) could enhance
offspring performance and increase coriander yields. The results had practical implications for breeders and farmers. More
investigation is compulsory to identify processing qualities and assess the phenotypic and genetic diversity among Ethiopian
coriander accessions.
ABSTRACT
Coriander accession, Ethiopia, GCV, PCV, yield
KEYWORDS:
Open Access
gizawweg21@gmail.com
Corresponding
0000-0001-8221-9652
Natural Resource Management
1225
© 2023 PP House
1. INTRODUCTION
Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) is an annual herb
in the Apiaceae family with yellowish-brown fruits
(Hedburg and Hedburg, 2003; Yeung and Bowra, 2011).
Coriander is native to the Mediterranean and Western
Asian regions (Coskuner and Karabala, 2007; Burdock
and Carabin, 2009) and is now widely cultivated as a spice
globally (Maroufi et al., 2010). It is a crop with global
adaptation, growing well in a wide range of soils, climates,
and extreme latitudes and elevations (Guenther, 1972;
Purseglove et al., 1981; Simon, 1990; Verma et al., 2011).
Coriander is used in the culinary, medicine, perfumery,
beverage, and pharmaceutical industries (Jansen, 1981;
Diederichsen, 1996; Delaquis et al., 2002; Kubo et al.,
2004). Rich in vitamins and other minerals, its green leaves
are used in the form of vegetables and salads (Kalemba
and Kunicka, 2003). Coriander seeds are a spice used as a
source of carotene, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, tryptophan,
vitamin B6, folic acid, iron, manganese, magnesium, fiber,
and linalool-rich essential oils (Ensminger and Esminger,
1986; Holland et al., 1991) The seeds are readily available
and sold in every market in Ethiopia at a high price, and the
leaves and immature fruits are used as ingredients for the
preparation of ‘‘data’’, a traditional spice used to eat meat,
fish, and boiled potatoes in the Southern parts of Ethiopia
(Kassahun, 2018; Anonymous, 2022).
Ethiopia is the center of the primary diversity of coriander
(Jansen, 1981). The country has an ideal climate and
agroecology for cultivating coriander, which is mostly
grown by smallholder farmers and commercial producers.
It is dominantly grown in the regions of Amhara, Oromia,
Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples, and Gambela.
Coriander has local names: Amharic (dembilal), Oromiffa
(debo, shucar), Tigrinya (tsagha, zagda), and Konsonya
(tibichota) in Ethiopia. These names indicate the plant’s
economic significance in the diverse societies of the nation
(Jansen, 1981; Goetsch et al., 1984). Coriander productivity
varies with agroecology and variety, and Ethiopia’s national
average productivity is 0.25 t ha-1 (Kifelew et al., 2017).
However, released varieties such as ‘Indium 01’, ‘Walta I’,
‘Denkinesh’, ‘Batu’, and ‘Tulu’ have the potential to produce
yields ranging from 0.5 to 2.6 t ha-1 in farmers’ fields and
research trials (Anonymous, 2018).
Effective selection criteria for crop improvement require
research into traits that are less influenced by the
environment. The level of genetic variation in the underlying
population impacts the appropriateness of genotypes and is
important in any plant breeding effort (Singh, 2001). The
degree of selection and heritability of a trait depends on the
genetic variation of the population. Knowing the type and
degree of variability, heritability, and genetic advancement
in the experimental material is critical for initiating a
successful breeding program. Thus, it is important to
assess the indicators of variability: genotypic coefficient of
variation, phenotypic coefficient of variation, heritability,
and genetic advance (Allard, 1960; Johnson 1995; Falconer
and Mackay, 1996).
Numerous scholars have reported the indicators of
variability, heritability, and the advance of coriander
genotypes in different countries (Singh et al., 2006;
Mengesha and Alemaw, 2010; Ibrahim, et al., 2013; Awas
et al., 2015; Farooq et al., 2017; Kassahun, 2018; Patel et
al., 2018; Choudhary et al., 2021). Although Mengesha
and Alemaw (2010), Awas et al. (2015), and Kassahun
(2018) reported the presence of variability in Ethiopian
coriander accessions, the current knowledge about its
biology, variety development, and agronomic practices is
neither complete nor conclusive. Therefore, it is necessary
to study and generate information on variance components,
heritability, and genetic advance. Thus, this study aimed to
determine the extent of phenotypic and genotypic variation,
heritability, and genetic advance of various yield and yield-
related traits of coriander.
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS
2.1. Description of the study area
The research was conducted during the 2019 and 2020
(July to November 2019 and 2020) meher season at the
Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center (KARC) under field
conditions. It lies between 8o 00’ and 8o 02’N and 39o 07’
and 39o 10’E at an altitude of 2210 m.a.s.l. in Tiyo District
Arsi Administrative Zone of Oromia Regional State, 167
km southeast of Addis Ababa. KARC is located on gentle
terrain with slopes ranging from 0 to 10%. It has little
variation in elevation ranging from 1,980 to 2,230 meters
(Abayneh et al.2003). The agro-climatic conditions of the
area are humid with an average annual rainfall of 832 mm
and have an uneven rainfall regime with the rainy season
lasting from March to September. However, the peak season
is from July to August and the average annual minimum and
maximum temperatures are 10°C and 23.20°C, respectively
(KARC metrological station, unpublished data). The
coldest month is December while March and May are the
hottest months. KARC has three main types of soils; Eutric
Vertisol, Vertic Luvisol and Vertic Cambisol (Abayneh et
al. 2003).
2.2. Experimental materials and design
Twenty-three accessions were originally obtained from the
Ethiopian Biodiversity Institute (EBI), and two released
varieties representing crop germplasm were obtained from
KARC (Table 1). The experiment was laid out in a 5×5
simple lattice design, with each genotype replicated twice.
Tilahun et al., 2023
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The row length of a plot was 2.0 m and 2.4 m width with
spacing of 40 cm between rows and 1m between plots. The
four central rows were net plots in which, plant and plot
base data recording was applied. The net plot size of each
experimental unit was 2 m ×1.6m = 3.2 m2.
2.3. Data collection and statistical analysis
Eight yield and yield-related traits were measured, including
plant height (cm), number of umbels plant-1, number of
umbellets umbel-1, number of seeds umbel-1, number of
seeds umbellet-1, seed yield plant-1 (g), thousand seed weight
(g), and seed yield (t ha-1). The data collected for each trait
were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) according
to the method described in (Gomez and Gomez, 1984)
using R software (Anonymous, 2020). Duncan Multiple
Range Test was used to compare the mean performance of
coriander accessions at a 5% level of significance.
Phenotypic and genotypic variances and coefficient of
variations were computed following the formula suggested
by Burton and De Vane (1953). According to Deshmukh
et al. (1986) phenotypic coefficient of variance (PCV) and
genotypic coefficient of variance (GCV) values >20%, <10%,
and between 10% and 20% were considered high, low, and
intermediate, respectively. Heritability (H2b) in a broad
sense and expected genetic advance were estimated by the
method suggested by Johnson (1995) and Allard (1960).
As detailed by Pramoda and Gangaprasad (2007) generally
heritability estimates were classified as low (<40%), medium
(40-59%), moderately high (60-79%) and very high (≥80%)
and genetic advance as percent of the mean as low (0-10%),
moderate (10-20%), and high (>20%) (Johnson et al., 1955).
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
3.1. Analysis of variance, range and mean performance of
accessions
Homogeneity of error variances was assured through
maximum F-ratio as a shortcut test for heterogeneity of
error variance, as suggested by Hartley (1950). Combined
data analysis was performed over the years, as the data were
homogenous. The pooled analysis of variance showed that
there was a highly significant (P<0.01) difference among
the studied genotypes for plant height (cm), number of
umbels plant-1, number of umbellets umbel-1, number of
seeds umbel-1 and umbellets, seed yield plant-1 (g), 1000
seed weight (g) and seed yield (t ha-1) (Table 2). This might
provide an opportunity for the crop to be subjected to further
selection and hybridization. According to Mengesha and
Alemaw (2010), 49 Ethiopian coriander accessions showed
considerable variance for the number of umbels plant-1,
umbellets umbel-1, seeds umbellets-1, 1000 seed weight (g),
seed yield plant-1, and seed yield (t ha-1) but no significant
variation in plant height. Similar to this, Singh et al. (2006)
reported that there was low variability for umbellets umbel-1
and significant variability for seed yield, umbel plant-1, and
seeds umbel-1 among 360 lines of coriander. In line with
current findings, 81 Ethiopian coriander genotypes differed
significantly for all traits included in this experiment, with
the exception of umbel number plant-1 and number of seeds
umbellet-1 (Awas et al., 2015).
Seed yield ranged from 0.8 t ha-1 (ACC-240577) to 5.99
t ha-1 (ACC-240574), and plant height varied from 61.64
cm (ACC-20662) to 182 cm (ACC-229811). Awas et al.
(2015) outlined seed yield in the range of 0.16 to 3.05 t ha-1
International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management 2023, 14(9):1225-1233
Table 1: List of accessions evaluated for 8 morphological traits
Sl. No. Treatment Source Remark Sl. No. Treatment Source Remark
1. ACC-229714 EBI Accession 14. ACC-240577 EBI Accession
2. ACC-212115 EBI Accession 15. ACC-211568 EBI Accession
3. ACC-202734 EBI Accession 16. ACC-240552 EBI Accession
4. ACC-240546 EBI Accession 17. ACC-90309 EBI Accession
5. ACC-212830 EBI Accession 18. ACC-90451 EBI Accession
6. ACC-240574 EBI Accession 19. ACC-229716 EBI Accession
7. ACC-211471 EBI Accession 20. ACC-90444 EBI Accession
8. ACC-90305 EBI Accession 21. ACC-229811 EBI Accession
9. ACC-329702 EBI Accession 22. ACC-212950 EBI Accession
10. Indium 01 KARC Variety 23. ACC-202518 EBI Accession
11. ACC-212225 EBI Accession 24. Denkinesh KARC Variety
12. ACC-240547 EBI Accession 25. ACC-X1 EBI Accession
13. ACC-20662 EBI Accession EBI
EBI: Ethiopian Biodiversity Institute; KARC: Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center
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Table 2: Combined mean squares of 8 quantitative traits of 25 coriander accessions tested at Kulumsa in 2019 and 2020
Traits Replication
(DF=1)
Block
(Rep)
(D=8)
Year
(DF=1)
Source of variation
Acc
(DF=24)
Year*Acc
(DF=)
Error
(DF=41)
CV
(%)
R2
PH 154.77 63.72 18455.96** 936.77** 37.25 47.84 6.14 0.95
UPP 134.33 14.21 4155.74** 513.06** 19.09** 7.35 5.36 0.98
ULTSPU 4.87 4.2 387.22** 33.14** 0.83** 1.16 11.47 0.94
SPU 12.11 16.97 8.44 90.9** 4.25 9.12 12.62 0.82
SPULTS 7.67 0.41 64.87** 1.48** 0.021 0.22 7.54 0.9
SYLDPP 24.21 6.29 234.28** 79.57** 2.19 5.32 17.02 0.89
TSW 8.3 2.18 43.91** 6.62** 0.137** 0.99 8.79 0.79
SYLDPHA 0.19 0.21 9.76** 5.39** 0.078 0.058 8.96 0.97
*: p=0.05; **: p=0.01; ns: non-significant difference; DF: Degrees of freedom; CV: Coefficient of variation; PH: Plant height
at maturity (cm); UPP: Umbels plant-1; ULTSPU: Umbellets umbel-1; SPU: Seeds umbel-1; SPULTS: Seeds umbellets-1;
SYPP: Seed yield plant-1 (g); TSW: thousand seed weight (g); SYPH: Seed yield (t ha-1)
(Table 4). Mengesha and Alemaw (2010) also reported seed
yield in a range of 0.91 to 3.1 t ha-1, which is in line with the
current study, and earlier research by Diederichesen (1996)
also stated comparable findings. The weight of the thousand
seeds of the tested accessions ranged from 8.68 g (ACC-
240574) to 16.9 g (ACC-240552), which is in agreement
with the previous studies of Arganosa et al. (1998) and
Mengesha and Alemaw (2010). The accessions with the
highest mean seed yield were Denkinesh (5.23 t ha-1),
followed by ACC-240574 (5.2 t ha-1), ACC-202734 (5.04
t ha-1), ACC-X1 (4.45 t ha-1), and ACC-240546 (4.01 t
ha-1). Seventeen accessions outperformed the standard check
Indium 01, with the first two accessions producing 101.55%
and 95.35% yield advantages, respectively. The high-yielder
accessions, however, demonstrated a yield advantage of
more than 100% when compared with the standard check,
Indium 01 (Table 3). Wide variations among the accessions
for this trait may be seen in the variety of umbel numbers
plant-1, which ranged from 31.6 to 98.25 (Table 4). The
highest mean umbel number plant-1 was obtained from
ACC-240546 (85.1), followed by ACC-202518 (68.06)
and ACC-240574 (67.73).
Singh et al. (2006) reported a low range of umbel number
plant-1 (3.1–9) in Indian coriander accessions, while Awas
et al. (2015) reported an umbel number ranging from
20.65–60.1, which is equivalent to the current results in
Ethiopian coriander accessions. According to Bhandari and
Gupta (1993), Indian coriander genotypes have 3.2–39.3
umbels plant-1, which is a very small range when compared
to Ethiopian coriander accessions reported earlier and the
current research. Qureshi et al. (2009) reported an even
greater range (121-336) for umbel number plant-1 in
coriander genotypes examined in Pakistan.
The number of seeds per umbellet showed the highest
variation among the accessions, with a range of 4.6-9.2
(Table 4). Mengesha and Alemaw (2010) reported a range
of 5.25-9.30 for the number of seeds per umbellet, which
is consistent with the present study. Awas et al. (2015)
also reported a range of 5.5-10.8 for the number of seeds
per umbellet in Ethiopian coriander accessions, further
supporting the consistency of the present data (Table 4).
Significant variation among accessions was observed for
plant height at maturity, ranging from 61.4 to 182 cm.
ACC-X1 had the highest over-season mean plant height
at maturity (155.28 cm), followed by ACC-212950 (143.62
cm), ACC-202734 (134.9 cm), and ACC-240547 had the
lowest value (87.71 cm). The fertile soil and prolonged
growth period may have contributed to this extreme
height, which could result in yield losses from lodging
and shattering. To mitigate this, it may be suggested to
cross those accessions with dwarf types. Fikre et al. (2017)
reported mean values for plant height from six areas in
Ethiopia (Asosa, Kulumsa, Gonder, Sinana, Sirinka, and
DebreZeit), with the Denkinesh cultivar having a height
of 110.08 cm.
Mengesha and Alemaw (2010) and Awas et al. (2015)
reported lower plant heights in coriander, with ranges of
38.8-92.8 cm at Kokate and Wondo Genet and 49.65-97.3
cm at Adami Tulu, respectively. The weight of a thousand
seeds in the present study ranged from 8.68 to 16.9 g, with
an overall mean of 12.52 g. Bhandari and Gupta (1993) and
Parthasarathy et al. (2008) reported a comparable range of
5-22.1 g for coriander thousand seed weight. Mengesha and
Alemaw (2010) reported a range of 9.8-12.8 g for coriander
genotypes, while Awas et al. (2015) stated a wider range of
3.25-14.4 g. Mengesha and Alemaw (2010) and Awas et
Tilahun et al., 2023
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Table 3: Mean performances of 25 coriander accessions for eight yield and yield related traits evaluated at Kulumsa in 2019
and 2020
Accessions Traits
PH UPP ULTSPU SPU SPULTS SYPP TSW SYPH
ACC-229714 110.1e-h 52.65fg 13.75b-e 21.76ghi 5.51i12.1e-h 12.37c-f 3.23fg
ACC-212115 105.61ghi 63cd 11.79efg 13.2j6.4e-h 9.55g-j 13.38bcd 1.44i
ACC-202734 134.9bc 62.33cd 13.97bcd 26.73c-h 7.41b16.2bcd 12.09d-h 5.04a
ACC-240546 115.01d-g 85.19a17.46a31.13bc 7.16b-e 28.79a11.44e-h 4.01c
ACC-212830 126.02cd 65.1bc 11.95d-g 27.3c-g 6.3e-i 14.12cde 13.1b-g 3.48def
ACC-240574 121.27de 67.73b13.1c-f 32.62b7.26bc 19.55b11.3gh 5.2a
ACC-211471 119.83def 53.55fg 9.13ijk 22.47fi6.3i-e 13.62def 12.1d-h 3.94c
ACC-90305 116.98d-g 51.19g13.04c-f 27.61b-f 7.35bc 14.07cde 10.73h3.73cde
ACC-329702 121.63de 50.68g11.68e-h 25.79c-h 6.78b-h 13.24d-g 11.36fgh 3.32ef
INDIUM 01 102.93hij 49.95g11.73e-h 25.69c-h 6.84b-h 13.45d-g 13.27b-e 2.58h
ACC-212225 116.3d-g 42.53h9.95ghi 29.3bcd 5.92hi 9.89f-j 11.38fgh 2.55h
ACC-240547 87.71k41.29h7.34kl 22.67f-i 6.3e-i 13.3e-j 13.5bcd 1.44i
ACC-20662 94.27jk 59.4de 14.68bc 23.07e-i 6.84b-g 18.46b11.92d-h 3.02fg
ACC-240577 108.74fgh 52.31g9.61hij 29.12bcd 6.59b-h 9.93f-j 10.98h1.02i
ACC-211568 106.95ghi 38.03h6.29l20.05i4.88b-g 8.17ij 13.63d-h 1.42i
ACC-240552 96.78ijk 42.41h7.73jkl 25.59d-h 6.21f-i 11.84e-i 15.62a3.15fg
ACC-90309 97.11ijk 61.03cde 10.33ghi 21.76ghi 5.92hi 13.7def 14.68ab 2.57h
ACC-90451 108.47fgh 63.68bcd 10.27ghi 22.77fi8.4a17.59bc 11.91d-h 2.49h
ACC-229716 112.32e-h 49.5g11.5fgh 27.2c-g 6.78b-h 13.55def 14.32ab 2.84h
ACC-90444 111.88e-h 51.98g11.72e-h 28.51b-e 7.07b-f 18.81b13.08b-g 3.06fg
ACC-229811 114.56d-g 63.68bcd 13.84b-e 27.1c-g 6.4e-h 14.59cde 13.21b-f 3.9cd
ACC-212950 143.62b38.38h7.25kl 24.89d-i 6.02ghi 7.84j12.22d-h 3.96c
ACC-202518 132.37c68.06b15.65ab 23.88d-i 6.49ch 14.58cde 10.73h3.96c
Denkinesh 112.14e-h 56.93ef 13.44c-f 38.39a7.16b-e 13.08d-g 12.41c-h 5.23a
ACC- X1 155.28a39.38h7.09kl 24.18d-i 6.97b-f 9.1hij 14.15abc 4.45b
Mean 114.95 54.82 11.37 25.7 6.68 13.88 12.52 3.24
PH: Plant height at maturity (cm); UPP: Umbels plant-1; ULTSPU: Umbellets umbel-1; SPU: Seeds umbel-1; SPULTS: Seeds
umbellets-1; SYPP: Seed yield plant-1 (g); TSW: Thousand seed weight (g); SYPH: Seed yield (t ha-1)
al. (2015) also outlined wider ranges of 7.83-32.85 g and
1.5-14.5 g, respectively, for coriander thousand seed weight.
3.2. Estimation of phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of
variation
The estimated PCV and GCV of the eight traits of
coriander accessions under study are presented in Table 4.
For all traits, the estimated PCV was generally larger than
the genotypic coefficient of variance in magnitude. In the
2019 crop year, seed yield t ha-1 had the highest phenotypic
coefficient of variation (32.70%), followed by the seed yield
plant-1 (30.03%), the number of umbellets plant-1 (24.77%),
and the number of seeds umbellet-1 (20.03%). The PCV
was intermediate for plant height (10.87%), umbel number
plant-1 (17.98%), number of seeds umbellet-1 (12.32%),
and thousand seed weight (11.60%). In the 2020 crop
year, the highest PCV was estimated for seed yield plant-1
(33.07%), followed by seed yield t ha-1 (31.28%) and number
of umbellets umbel-1 (25.86%) (Table 4). Similar findings
were reported for coriander by Singh et al. (2006), Bhandari
Gupta (1993), and Awas et al. (2015). In the present study,
the estimated values of phenotypic variance (δ2p) ranged
from 0.53 for the number of seeds umbellet-1 to 2139.38
for the number of umbellets plant-1. In the 2019 crop
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International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management 2023, 14(9):1225-1233
© 2023 PP House
Table 4: Estimate of range and variability components for eight yield and yield related traits of 25 coriander accessions tested
at Kulumsa in 2019 and 2020
Traits Range δ2eδ2gδ2p GCV
(%)
PCV
(%)
H2b
(%)
GA GAM
(%)
Min Max
2019
PH 91.00 182.00 55.22 140.16 195.38 9.21 10.87 71.4 20.69 16.09
UPP 31.6 76.4 8.4 67.21 75.61 16.95 17.98 88.89 15.95 32.96
ULTSPU 13.34 7.67 1.95 8.87 10.92 22.45 24.77 82.14 5.6 9.14
SPU 13.01 38.20 13.4 12.50 25.90 13.91 20.03 48.25 5.07 19.94
SPULTS 4.60 7.80 0.32 0.21 0.53 7.70 12.32 39.05 0.58 9.93
SYPP 5.66 24.65 4.83 8.93 13.76 24.19 30.03 64.89 4.96 40.20
TSW 8.68 15.36 0.93 0.96 1.89 8.27 11.60 50.79 1.44 12.16
SYPH 0.80 5.09 0.036 0.88 0.92 32.05 32.70 96.08 1.20 64.82
2020
PH 61.64 144.87 42.84 189.46 232.3 13.58 15.04 82.56 25.64 25.3
UPP 39.5 98.25 9.18 134.96 144.14 18.96 19.6 93.63 23.19 37.85
ULTSPU 4.06 14.51 0.97 4.95 5.91 23.65 25.86 83.67 4.2 6.85
SPU 13.21 38.77 8.52 18.63 27.15 16.61 20.05 68.6 7.37 28.38
SPULTS 6.29 9.2 0.22 0.21 0.44 6.15 8.83 48.59 0.66 8.85
SYPP 6.97 36.32 8.53 17.45 25.98 27.1 33.07 67.16 7.06 45.82
TSW 9.55 16.9 1.47 0.79 2.26 6.74 11.4 34.98 1.08 8.22
SYPH 0.97 5.99 0.09 1.14 1.24 30.11 31.28 92.64 2.12 59.78
PH: Plant height at maturity (cm); UPP: Umbels plant-1; ULTSPU: Umbellets umbel-1; SPU: Seeds umbel-1; SPULTS:
Seeds umbellets-1; SYPP: Seed yield plant-1 (g); TSW: Thousand seed weight (g); SYPH: Seed yield (t ha-1); σ2g: Genotypic
variance; σ2p: Phenotypic variance; GCV: Genotypic coefficient of variation; PCV: Phenotypic coefficient of variation; H2b:
Heritability in broad sense; GA: Expected genetic advance; GAM: Genetic advance as percentage of the mean
year, the highest genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV)
was obtained for seed yield t ha-1 (32.05%), followed by
seed yield plant-1 (24.19%), number of umbellets plant-1
(22.45%), and number of umbels plant-1 (16.95%). The
GCV was lower for number of seeds umbellet-1 (7.7%),
thousand seed weight (8.27%), and plant height (9.21%).
The highest GCV values were estimated for seed yield (t
ha-1), seed yield plant-1 and number of umbellets umbel-1 in
the 2020 crop year. Awas et al. (2015) reported higher GCV
for plant height and seed yield per hectare, while Mengesha
and Alemaw (2010) reported higher values for seed yield and
seed number per plant in Ethiopian coriander genotypes.
However, the genotypic coefficient of variation alone does
not provide information on the heritability of variation.
Therefore, GCV together with heritability estimates would
give a better picture of the expected advance from selection
(Burton and De Vane, 1953).
3.3. Estimates of heritability and genetic advance
The results presented in Table 4 indicated in the 2019 crop
year, seed yield ha-1 (96.08%), number of umbels plant-1
(88.89%), and number of umbellets umbel-1 (82.14%) had
the highest estimates of heritability in a broad sense (H2b).
In the 2020 crop year, high to very high estimates of H2b
were obtained for each trait, except, for thousand seed
weight and number of seeds per umbellets.
These findings were consistent with the conclusions reached
by Bhandari and Gupta (1993) regarding the broad sense
heritability estimates for 200 coriander genotypes in India.
However, Mengesha and Alemaw (2010) found very high
and moderately high broad sense heritability estimates
for seed yield per plant (83%) and seed yield per hectare
(77%), respectively, in Ethiopian coriander landraces.
In partial agreement with the present study, Awas et al.
(2015) outlined moderately high and medium heritability
estimates for plant height at maturity (66.9%) and seed yield
per hectare (48.2%), respectively in 81 Ethiopian coriander
accessions tested at Adami Tulu, Ethiopia. Therefore,
phenotypic selection could work well with these features.
The moderately high to high broad sense heritability
Tilahun et al., 2023
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estimates observed for most traits in this study suggest that
phenotypic selection could be effective for improving these
traits. Specifically, in 2019, moderately high heritability was
observed for plant height (71.4%) and seed yield per plant
(64.89%), while medium broad sense heritability values
were observed for seed number per umbellet (48.25%) and
thousand seed weight (50.79%). However, the number of
seeds per umbellet (39.05) in 2019 had low heritability
values in the broad sense, indicating limited potential for
improvement through selection.
In the 2019 and 2020 crop years, the expected genetic
advances as a percentage of the mean (GAM (%)) for
selecting at 5% selection intensity of the accessions
fluctuated between 9.14% to 64.82 and 6.85 to 59.78 for
the number of umbellets per umbel and seed yield t ha-1,
respectively (Table 4). The highest GAM (%) were observed
for number of umbellets per umbel (32.96%), seed yield
per plant (40.2%), and seed yield per hectare (64.82%) in
this study. In contrast, low genetic advances were observed
for number of seeds per umbellet and number of umbellets
per plant in 2019 (Table 4). In 2020, there were GAM (%)
in traits such as umbel number per plant (37.85%), plant
height (25.3%), number of umbellets per umbel (28.38%),
seed yield per plant (45.82%), and seed yield ha-1 (59.78%),
but the genetic advances as a percentage of the mean for the
remaining three traits were lower (Table 4). The expected
genetic gain, expressed as a percentage of the mean, for
choosing the top 5% of genotypes ranged from 9.14% to
64.82% and 6.85% to 59.78% in the 2019 and 2020 crop
years, respectively (Table 4). These findings suggest that
selecting genotypes based on these traits with high GAM
(%) could lead to a substantial increase in yield under similar
circumstances. Consistent with the current study, Awas et
al. (2015) reported high GAM (%) for seed yield per hectare
in 81 Ethiopian coriander germplasms, while Mengesha and
Alemaw (2010) and Singh et al. (2006) found high genetic
advances for seed yield plant-1, seed yield ha-1, and umbels
plant-1, consistent with the present results.
In this study, seed yield ha-1, number of umbellets plant-1,
number of umbels plant-1, seed yield plant-1 and plant
height had high to very high heritability values combined
with moderate to high genetic advances as a percentage
of the means. Johnson et al. (1955) suggested that while
high heritability does not always lead to high genetic
gain, heritability estimates and genetic advances should
be considered together. When combined with genetic
advances expressed as a percentage of the mean, heritability
estimates become more informative (Johnson et al., 1955;
Allard, 1960). Additionally, according to Panse (1957), the
link between high heritability and high genetic gain is due
to the additive gene effect. Therefore, selection based on
these traits could lead to improved progeny performance.
4. CONCLUSION
There was a wide range of variability among the
Ethiopian coriander accessions tested. Simultaneous
improvements in yield and related traits can be attained
through selection or hybridization, considering traits with
high heritability coupled with high genetic advance as a
percentage of the mean augment the progeny performance
and productivity of coriander. The results had practical
implications for breeders and farmers. Processing quality
and diversity among Ethiopian coriander accessions need
to be assessed in the future.
5. ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Authors would like to gratefully acknowledge the
financial support provided by Ethiopian Institute of
Agricultural Research and Kulumsa Agricultural Research
Center to conduct the present study.
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