Typification of Gagea lacaitae (Liliaceae) revisited

Abstract

The typification of the name Gagea lacaitae (liliaceae) is revised. a lectotypification had previously been proposed by Peruzzi and Tison in 2004 from a specimen kept at NaP (Herbarium a. Terracciano, now with barcode NaP0001973) and collected by Parlatore in 1848. However, Terracciano cited in the protologue gatherings collected by Juan Isern and Gaetano leone Durando. Specimens of these gatherings are kept at NaP, Ma, P, and Pal. Therefore, this material has preference in the lectotype designation and must be chosen according to the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (art. 9.12 of the Shenzhen Code of 2018).

Full text

Phytotaxa 618 (2): 181–187
https://www.mapress.com/pt/
Copyright © 2023 Magnolia Press Article PHYTOTAXA
ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition)
ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition)
Accepted by Angelo Troia: 17 Sept. 2023; published: 3 Oct. 2023
https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.618.2.7
181
Typification of Gagea lacaitae (Liliaceae) revisited
P. PABLO FERRER-GALLEGO1
1 Servicio de Vida Silvestre y Red Natura 2000, Centro para la Investigación y la Experimentación Forestal (CIEF), Generalitat
Valenciana, Avda. Comarques del País Valencià 114, 46930 Quart de Poblet, Valencia, Spain
�
flora.cief@gva.es; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7595-9302
Abstract
The typification of the name Gagea lacaitae (Liliaceae) is revised. A lectotypification had previously been proposed by
Peruzzi and Tison in 2004 from a specimen kept at NAP (Herbarium A. Terracciano, now with barcode NAP0001973) and
collected by Parlatore in 1848. However, Terracciano cited in the protologue gatherings collected by Juan Isern and Gaetano
Leone Durando. Specimens of these gatherings are kept at NAP, MA, P, and PAL. Therefore, this material has preference
in the lectotype designation and must be chosen according to the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and
plants (Art. 9.12 of the Shenzhen Code of 2018).
Key words: Lectotype, nomenclature, original material, Parlatore, syntype
Introduction
Gagea lacaitae A. Terracciano (1904: 36) (sect. Didymobulbos (K. Koch) W.D.J. Koch ex Boiss.; Liliaceae) is a highly
polymorphic species distributed across the temperate parts of western Mediterranean: Algeria, Morocco, France, Italy
(included Sardinia and Sicily), and Spain (López González 2013, Tison et al., 2013, 2014; POWO 2023).
As part of taxonomic and nomenclatural studies on the genus Gagea Salisb. for the Valencian flora (see Ferrer-
Gallego & Guara 2007, Ferrer-Gallego et al. 2007, Ferrer-Gallego & Oltra Benavent 2009), the name Gagea lacaitae
has been studied. The nomenclatural type of this name was discussed by Peruzzi & Tison (2004). However, a new
interpretation of the original material and protologue induced to revise that proposal for effective typification of the
name.
Materials and methods
The protologue of Gagea lacaitae is analyzed to identify original material pertinent to the typification of the name. The
taxonomic identity of the proposed type was carefully verified against the traditional concept and the current usage of
the name. The herbaria acronyms (BC, FI, NAP, MA, P, PAL) are according to Thiers (2023 [continuously updated]).
Background and Typification of the name Gagea lacaitae
Terracciano (1904: 36) described Gagea lacaitae providing a complete description in Latin “Bulbi duo, subaequales,
tunicati et extus fibris radicalibus induratis cincti. Folia radicalia duo, linearia, viridia, exquisite nervosa, longe flores
superantia; caulina numerosa, alterna, lanceolata, basi latiora, dein sensim attenuata. Scapus nunc simplex et uniflorus,
nunc apice ramosus et pluriflorus, ramulis glabrescentibus v. pilis albidis haud numerosis praeditis. Flores potius
parvuli, perigonii segmentis obovatis v. late ovato-lanceolatis, staminibus vix dimidio tepalis brevioribus, antheris
subrotundatis, ovario oblongo”; followed by the comment “La specie fa parte della polimorfa stirpe G. Granatelli,
nel gruppo con foglie cauline alterne; quindi si collega a G. Durieui, descritta da Trabut e Battandier assai prima
che l’avesse fatto il Pascher. L’ho dedicata all’illustre botanico C. Lacaita, mecenate generoso e cui sono legato da
riconoscente amicizia” [The species belongs to the polymorphic lineage G. Granatelli, in the group with alternate stem

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182 • Phytotaxa 618 (2) © 2023 Magnolia Press
leaves: therefore it is related to G. Durieui, described by Trabut and Battandier long before Pascher. I dedicated it to the
illustrious botanist C. Lacaita, a generous patron and to whom I am bound by a grateful friendship”]. The protologue
also includes “Habitat: Sicilia, alle Sciare di Marsala. Altri esemplari se ne trovano distribuiti da Durando col nome di
G. mauritanica, e quindi spettano all’Algeria. Vive anche in Spagna, ove Isern la raccolse alla sierra de Bacares, e di
cui ho veduti numerosi saggi negli erbarii di Madrid, Escorial, Lazaro y Ibisa, apponendovi io il nome provvisorio di
G. laevibulbos” [“Habitat: Sicily, at the Sciare di Marsala. Other specimens are found distributed by Durando with the
name G. mauritanica, and therefore belong to Algeria. It also lives in Spain, where Isern collected it in the sierra de
Bacares, and of which I have seen numerous specimens in the herbariums of Madrid, Escorial, Lazaro and Ibisa [Blas
Lázaro Ibiza], giving it the provisional name of G. laevibulbos”]. No illustration was included in the protologue.
A “lectotype” was designated by Peruzzi & Tison (2004) from a specimen collected in 1848 by Parlatore in
“Sciarre di Mazzara” [“Sciare di Marsala” in the protologue] (Sicily, Italy), and preserved in the Collection “Achille
Terracciano” at NAP (now with barcode NAP0001973), as: “Lectotypus (here designated): ITALY, SICILY: un altro
esemplare identico è alle Sciarre di Mazzara, I.1848, Parlatore s. n. (Herb. Terracciano, NAP!)” (Fig. 1). These authors
also included in their work a specimen treated as syntype, and preserved in the same collection at NAP (now with
barcode NAP0002062), as “Syntypus: n° 108 sub G. polymorpha var. nevadensis in herb. Espanol (Madrid), Sierra de
Bacares, 6.III.1870 (Herb. Terracciano, NAP!)” (see Peruzzi & Tison 2004).
This viewpoint was subsequently adopted by Tison et al. (2013) and López González (2013), but the latter author
observed that the “lectotype” designated by Peruzzi & Tison (2004) had to be considered as “neotype”.
In fact, Terracciano (1904) mentioned in the protologue “Sciare di Marsala” but without any collector, date,
concrete specimen or herbarium sheet, i.e., only a geographical indication, making it not acceptable as indication of
the type. It is highly probable that the material collected in “Sciarre di Mazzara” was actually used by the author for the
description of the species, as was mentioned by Peruzzi & Tison (2004), and therefore original material for the name,
despite the statement by López González (2013). Nevertheless, no syntype coming from this locality was cited by
Terracciano (1904), who, on the other hand, explicitly cited some gatherings in the protologue, with specific localities
and authors (e.g., “[…] Isern la raccolse alla sierra de Bacares […]”, occurring in several collections and moreover
labelled by him as “Gagea laevibulbos”, or “[…] Altri esemplari se ne trovano distribuiti da Durando col nome di G.
mauritanica, e quindi spettano all’Algeria [...]”).
Juan Isern Batlló y Carrera was a Spanish botanist (1821–1866) (Ametller 1866, 1881, Blanco et al. 2006). Isern
collected plants in Sierra Bacares (Almeria province, Spain) in March 1861. In a letter sent by Isern to José Hereter on
March 19, 1861, this author mentioned that “[...] Hace dos días que bajé de la Sierra de Bacares; es uno de los sitios
más elevados del país, como que es una ramificación de Sierra Nevada [...]” [two days ago I came down from the Sierra
de Bacares; It is one of the highest places in the country, as it is a branch of the Sierra Nevada] (see Ametller 1866: 160,
Blanco et al. 2006: 50–51).
The herbarium of Juan Isern is currently preserved in the Royal Botanical Garden of Madrid (MA), in the herbarium
of Mariano de la Paz Graells preserved in San Lorenzo de El Escorial (Madrid, Spain) (see below), in the herbarium of
the Botanical Institute of Barcelona (BC), and in the herbarium of Philip Barker Webb at FI (Florence, Italy) (Colmeiro
1875, Steinberg 1977, Carrasco et al. 1997).
At MA there are specimens collected by Isern mainly from Madrid, Ávila, Segovia, Guadalajara, Asturias,
Catalonia, Málaga and Almería (1850–1862). In the herbarium of Mariano de la Paz Graells preserved in the Gabinete
of natural sciences of the Real Colegio Alfonso XII in San Lorenzo de El Escorial (Madrid) there are 1,634 vascular
plants collected by Juan Isern (Carrasco et al. 1997). In August 2004, a collection of duplicates from this Graells
herbarium was delivered to MA, including more than 170 sheets with labels handwritten by Isern of plants collected
in several localities, including Sierra de Bacares in Almería, with dates between 1850 and June 1862 (Blanco et al.
2006).
There are two relevant specimens for the lectotype of G. lacaitae collected by Isern that are currently preserved at
NAP (Herbarium A. Terracciano, barcode NAP0002062 [two herbarium sheets]) and MA (barcode MA-01-00155903).
This material can be treated as part of the gathering cited by Terracciano in the protologue as “Vive anche in Spagna,
ove Isern la raccolse all sierra de Bacares, e di cui ho veduti numersi saggi negli erbarii di Madrid, Escorial, Lazaro y
Ibisa”.
The sheet NAP0002062 bears a specimen mounted on two sheets. One sheet bears poorly preserved material,
including several bulbs and only a stem with three flowers. This sheet bears also three labels: 1) “n1 108 / sub G.
polymorpha var. nevadensis in / herb. Español (Madrid) / Sierra de Bacares. 6 de marzo 1870”; 2) “Sierra de Bacares.
6 de marzo. / In herb. Colmeiro, Escorial. Valencia”; and 3) “G. lacaitae”. The second sheet bears also poorly preserved
material, including fragments of stems and flowers, and no labels. This material is relevant and compatible with the

TYPIFICATION OF GAGEA LACAITAE (LILIACEAE) Phytotaxa 618 (2) © 2023 Magnolia Press • 183
material mentioned by Terracciano himself one year after the publication of the protologue of G. lacaitae “Sierra de
Bacares (leg. Isern!; exsicc. n. 108 in herb. españ.)” and “Sierra de Bacares, 16.III.1878 leg. Isern! (n° 108 ex herb.
matritensi, et n° 53 ex herb. Valencia)” (Terracciano 1905: 197, 248).
FIGURE 1. Specimen of Gagea lacaitae A. Terracciano collected in 1848 by Parlatore in “Sciarre de Mazzara” [“Sciare di Marsala” in
the protologue] (Sicily, Italy), and preserved in the Collection “Achille Terracciano” at NAP (barcode NAP0001973). This specimen was
designated as the “lectotype” of the name by Peruzzi and Tison in 2004. Image reproduced with permission of the herbarium NAP.
On the other hand, the sheet at MA (with barcode MA-01-00155903) bears a specimen, two complete plants
well-preserved, and an original label annotated as “Gagea polymorpha Boiss. / Sierra de Bacares. / Marzo [1861]”
in the handwriting of the Spanish botanist Juan Isern (see http://www.floraiberica.es/caligrafia/index.php) (Fig. 2).
This material can be identified as belonging to G. durieui. This material is compatible with the comment published
by Terracciano (1905) “Nella Sierra de Bacares, per ora endemica, abbiamo G. Lacaitae Terr. A., che da un lato si
collega a G. iberica ed dall’ altro a G. guadarramica, contraddistinta però dall’abito generale (forma e colore delle
foglie cauline, bulbi circondati da numerose fibre crasse ed ascendente) e dalla struttura dei fiori. É senza alcun dubbio
una forma geografica, ma occorre maggior copia di materiale per stabilirne in modo preciso le origini ed i rapporti
genetici”.

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184 • Phytotaxa 618 (2) © 2023 Magnolia Press
FIGURE 2. Probable syntype of Gagea lacaitae A. Terracciano. Material collected in Sierra de Bacares in 1861 probably by Juan Isern,
MA (barcode MA-01-00155903). This material belong to G. durieui. Image reproduced with permission of the herbarium MA.

TYPIFICATION OF GAGEA LACAITAE (LILIACEAE) Phytotaxa 618 (2) © 2023 Magnolia Press • 185
There are other specimens at MA that were collected by Isern, MA-01-00155904 and MA-01-00020513. The
sheet MA-01-00155904 bears three plants and an original label handwritten by Isern “Gagea polymorpha / Boiss.
/ Macael. Marzo”. Macael is a locality of Almeria province (Spain). This material can be identified as belonging to
G. durieui Parlatore (1857: 426) (basal leaves subcylindrical, no more than 1 mm wide, pedicels glabrous, perianth
5–11 mm long). The sheet MA-01-00020513 bears two plants and a label annotated as “Gagea lutea Schult / Isern /
Aranjuez 28 Marzo 1852”. The sheet also bears an original label handwritten by Terracciano, annotated as “Gagea
Granatelli Parl!! / IX.1904 / Terracciano”. This specimen can be identified as G. lacaitae. However, although this
material, at least the specimen MA-01-00020513, could have been used by Terracciano to describe his G. lacaitae, it
cannot be considered as a syntype.
In the herbarium of Mariano de la Paz Graells, preserved in the Gabinete of natural sciences of the Real Colegio
Alfonso XII in San Lorenzo de El Escorial, there are several specimens of Gagea, but none related to the taxon of
our interest. The sheet coded as RCAXII 5241 bears a specimen accompanied by a label annotated as “Herbarium
Graelsianum / Plantae Castellanae / Gagea arvensis Schultz / Crescit in Pradera de Sn. Juan prope / el Escorial. / Mense
Mayo”. This material can be identified as belonging to G. arvensis Schultz. This material could have been collected
by Isern. However, it cannot be proven to be part of the gathering mentioned in the protologue and therefore cannot be
treated as a syntype.
Finally, another gathering was cited in the protologue, as “Altri esemplari se en trovano distribuiti da Durando col
nome di G. mauritanica, e quindi spettano all’Algeria” [transl.: “Other specimens are found distributed by Durando
under the name of G. mauritanica, and therefore belong to Algeria”]. We have found a specimen at P that could be
part of this gathering. The specimen with barcode P00751880 contains three plants, with flowers, and is accompanied
by a label annotated as “Union du Sig. Prov. d’Oran. 1850 / 162. Gagea mauritanica Dur. / M de Sto Cruz à Oran / 21
fevrier / G. L. Durando” (image available at https://science.mnhn.fr/institution/mnhn/collection/p/item/p00751880).
This specimen can be identified as belonging to G. mauritanica Durieu (1849: t. 45bis, f. 4) and could be treated as
part of a gathering cited in the protologue and therefore a syntype or isosyntype of the name G. lacaitae.
In addition, other material collected in Oran is preserved at NAP. The sheet NAP0001989 bears two plants and a
label “Gagea Durieui Parl. / Oran avril 1885 / trans des rachers / (signed by Balansa?)”. The sheet NAP0001991 bears
a plant and a label “Gagea Durieui (Parl) / Oran. mars 1884 / G.”. Finally, the sheet NAP0001990 bears a plant and a
label “(Legato [a title] Todaro) / (Copia) / Herbarium Horti Pisani. / Legit: prope Oran. Loco dict. Sig. / Communicavit
Durando / 18 / (sub Gagea mauritanica) / Savi, 15 Agosto 1852” (Fig. 3). The specimen NAP0001990, was gathered
by Durando in Algeria near Oran (Sig) and, as far as we know preserved as a duplicate at PI, from where it was sent by
Savi in 1852 to Todaro (PAL), then finally to Terracciano. It is a good choice for lectotype because the specimen can
be identified as belonging to G. lacaitae (see below).
In conclusion, because Durando and Isern’s material, now surviving at P, PAL, NAP and MA, has been cited in the
protologue by Terracciano, and both (protologue and specimens) are linked, they are certainly syntypes (according to
Shenzhen Code Art. 9.6; Turland et al. 2018: hereafter reported as ICN) and have precedence in lectotype designation
over unmentioned specimens and cited illustrations according to Art. 9.12 of the ICN. Article 9.12 of ICN mentioned
that “in lectotype designation, an isotype must be chosen if such exists, or otherwise a syntype or isosyntype if such
exists. If no isotype, syntype or isosyntype is extant, the lectotype must be chosen from among the paratypes if such
exist. If none of the above specimens exists, the lectotype must be chosen from among the uncited specimens and cited
and uncited illustrations that comprise the remaining original material, if such exist”. A syntype is always a specimen
explicitly cited in the protologue (ICN Art. 9.6 and Art. 40 Note 1) or a specimen that is part of a gathering cited in
the protologue (ICN Art. 40 Note 2). Therefore, in conformity with ICN Art. 9.12 and Art. 9.11 (i.e., “if the name was
published without a holotype, or when the holotype or previously designated lectotye has been lost or destroyed”)
(see ICN Art. 9.3), a specimen from the two gatherings cited in the protologue and preserved at P, PAL, NAP and
MA is therefore the obligate choice as lectotype and accordingly designated here as such. Unfortunately, a careful
examination of the two plants on sheet MA (MA-01-00155903) has shown that they do not correspond to the current
concept and usage of the name G. lacaitae. Certainly, this specimen can be identified as G. durieui. On the other hand,
the specimen collected by Durando and preserved at P (barcode P00751880) can be identified as belonging to G.
mauritanica. Therefore a lectotypification of the name G. lacaitae using one of these specimens would be undesirable
in terms of nomenclatural stability.
Fortunately, the syntype specimen at NAP0001990 is well-preserved and complete material, and shows important
diagnostic features of G. lacaitae (e.g., bulbous perennial plant, very thick ageotropic roots, broad ribbon-like,
bulb densely surrounded by recurved fibrous roots, basal leaves 2.5–3 mm, cauline leaves with underground basis,
bulbilliferous -plants with a cluster of suprabasal bulbils-, inflorescence elongated with often alternate leaves, tepals
obovate, obtuse; see Fig. 3) (see Richardson 1980, López González 2013, Tison 2009, Tison et al. 2013, 2014, Pignatti

FERRER-GALLEGO
186 • Phytotaxa 618 (2) © 2023 Magnolia Press
2018, Pavon & Tison 2021), and represents the traditional concept and current application of the name. This specimen
is designated as the lectotype of the name Gagea lacaitae.
FIGURE 3. Designated lectotype of Gagea lacaitae A. Terracciano, preserved in the Collection “Achille Terracciano” at NAP (barcode
NAP0001990). Image reproduced with permission of the herbarium NAP.
Gagea lacaitae Terracciano (1904: 36)
Lectotype (designated here): [ALGERIA. “prope Oran, Loco dicto Sig., s.d., Durando n.18 (sub Gagea mauritanica) (NAP, barcode
NAP0001990) (Fig. 3). Isolectotype: PAL (no. 82744).
Acknowledgements
Thanks to Roberta Vallariello (NAP), Eva García (MA), and Domingo Perea (herbarium of the Gabinete of natural
sciences of the Real Colegio Alfonso XII in San Lorenzo de El Escorial, RCAXII) for the help in the study of the
herbarium sheets. Thanks to Lorenzo Peruzzi, Emanuele Del Guacchio, John Wiersema and two other anonymous
reviewers for their advice, assistance, and valuable comments that improved this proposal.

TYPIFICATION OF GAGEA LACAITAE (LILIACEAE) Phytotaxa 618 (2) © 2023 Magnolia Press • 187
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