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Multimedia and its Impact on Database System Architectures
Abstract
Over the last five or six years everybody has been talking about multimedia computing and how it would change our ways of doing business and of running our everyday lives. This discussion has been mostly based on technology becoming available, rather than a need of society itself to go ‘multimedia’. The continuing search for a so called ‘killer’-application is sufficient proof of this.
... With relational database technology we do not nd su cient modeling capabilities for multimedia data KA97,CC96]. These systems stay with the introduction of untyped Long Fields or Binary Large Objects into the system to integrate, e.g., audio and video data. ...
... Object-oriented DBMS technology on the other hand has often been proposed to be a good approach to model the complexity of multimedia data KA97,Paz97]. It allows for the speci cation and management of arbitrary complex media objects and documents. ...
... We described the experiences we gained during the implementation of the Z Y X model as a DataBlade module of the object-relational database system IDS/UD under Sun Solaris, following the architectural framework initially presented in KA97,BKL96]. Due to the fact that we can describe the Z Y X model in terms of an XML DTD, we could also think about storing Z Y X documents in an SGML/XML-capable database system in the future, following the approach taken in BAK97]. ...
. Advanced multimedia applications require adequate support for the modeling of multimedia information but also an adequate database technology supporting the integrated management, retrieval, delivery, and even the presentation of such multimedia information. In our CardioOP project within the application domain of cardiac surgery, we are developing concepts and prototypical implementations of a database system-driven multimedia repository that gives this comprehensive support. In the project context, we have been developing the Z Y X data model that meets the specific requirements of reusability, interaction, adaptation, and presentation-neutral description of the structure and content of multimedia documents. For the multimedia repository, hence, we need to select database system technology for the implementation of the Z Y X model for multimedia documents and --- with regard to our future work --- for the retrieval, browsing, delivery, and presentation of the multime...
... The advantages of building multimedia information systems on top of database systems have long been recognized [KA97,RNL95,AN97]. The nature of multimedia data, however, imposes specific requirements on database systems. ...
... In general, media data have high volume and, in case of continuous media data types, are time-dependent. To provide for the management and content-based retrieval of media data, support for media data types must be seamlessly integrated with the database management system (DBMS) [KA97]. ...
Advanced multimedia applications require adequate support by database technology for the integrated, uniform management, retrieval, and delivery of media data of different types. While there has been substantial effort to provide database support for multimedia data and for its content-based retrieval, research has mostly focused on support for single media types, usually videos or images. However, this has led to a variety of isolated solutions of database support optimized for the respective media data types which are difficult to integrate --- a uniform view is lacking. In this paper, we describe the design and the architecture of the Media Integration Blade, a DataBlade module for the object-relational DBMS Informix Dynamic Server/ Universal Data Option. Building upon existing media type-specific DataBlade modules, the Media Integration Blade establishes an integration layer which offers uniform, homogeneous access to the different types of media data. It allows for the uni...
... At present in the field of database research, new architectures and models for multimedia database systems [1,2] are investigated and designed, especially on the base of the object-relational technology [11]. Such a object-relational database management system (ORDBMS) provides a suitable environment for using and managing multimedia information. ...
... At present there is a new family of object-relational DBMS (e.g. Informix , Oracle8, Universal DB2) provides all some new important extensions, especially multimedia extensions [1,2,11,12]. These capabilities allow the behavior of the multimedia objects to be implement directly into the DBMS. ...
In this paper, we present an architecture for presentation, access and exchange of information in a mobile computing environment. In the project MOVI, a new approach is developed which enables applications on mobile computers for exchange and visualization of multimedia objects with applications on stationary database servers via the Object Bus. We focus our attention on new strategies for the adaptation and integration of database techniques regarding the management of multimedia data types at the particular conditions of mobile infrastructures. We believe that object-relational database systems e.g. Informix and Oracle8i are ideal repositories on the stationary server side for next generation multimedia applications, especially in inter-networked LAN or WAN environments. Moreover, our approach illustrates the use and benefits of XML technology as a generic gateway to any mobile device. The basic idea of this paper is the integration of object-relational database technology and XML techniques in a Mobility Information Center (MIC) as a framework for mobile environments. The major aim is to optimize the mobile data exchange and presentation by using of media specific queries, data preprocessing and reduction methods within the database system as well as XML/XSL based data transformation and presentation on mobile end systems. All these methods are influenced by contexts like local resources, available communication channels, and user preferences. 1
... Parallel architectures represent key components of the modern computer technology with a growing impact on the development of information systems. From the viewpoint of the database community the parallel architectures are classified into[6]:• Shared nothing architecture: the nodes are replicated, interconnected whole computers • Shared everything architecture: all processing elements have equal access to the memory and the I/O subsystem • Shared disk architecture: in this case all nodes of the parallel computer share the I/O subsystem. ...
... We outlined the design considerations and the basic concepts followed by a formal framework of the ZyX primitives. The ZyX model has been implemented as a DataBlade module for the objectrelational database system Informix Dynamic Server/Universal Data Option under Sun Solaris, following the architectural framework initially presented in [12,3]. Ongoing work includes the identification and realization of possible optimizations of the implementation of the DataBlade. ...
Existing languages, formats, and multimedia document models such as HTML, MHEG, SMIL, HyTime, SGML, and XML, do not provide the appro- priate modeling primitives needed to provide adequate support for reusability, interaction, adaptation, and presentation-neutral description of the structure and content of multimedia documents as required in the Cardio-OP project. Since each of these models lacks some significant concepts and does not meet all of the requirements, we propose a new approach for the semantic modeling of multimedia content, the ZYX model, which we implemented on the basis of an object-relational database system. The approach taken allows for fine-grained representation and retrieval of structures and layout of multimedia material, for flexible on-the-fly composition of multimedia fragments in order to create individualized multimedia documents, and for the realization of adaptation and personalization of multimedia presentations depending on the user environment specified by means of user profiles.
... The cost for the improved flexibility and retrieval quality is the immense computation effort [2,3], which exceeds the capabilities of computer architectures with single processing element (PE). Furthermore we are already flooded with digital image material, which is getting bigger day for day. ...
This paper presents an overview over parallel architectures for the efficient realisation of digital libraries by considering image databases as an example. The state of the art approach for image retrieval uses a priori extracted features and limits the applicability of the retrieval techniques, as a detail search for objects and for other important elements can't be performed. Well-suited algorithms for dynamic feature extraction and comparison are not often applied, as they require huge computational and memory resources. Integration of parallel methods and architectures enables the use of these alternative approaches for improved classification and retrieval of documents in digital libraries. Therefore implemented prototypes on a symmetric multiprocessor (SMP) and on cluster architecture are introduced in the paper. Performance measurements with a wavelet-based template matching method resulted into a reasonable speedup.
... For example, very highresolution images may require several megabytes [26]. Even with the falling cost of memory, attempting to store thousands of images can quickly exhaust storage space. ...
Many current multimedia database management systems perform content-based retrieval of images by extracting the values of various features from every object stored in their system. This can be time-consuming, especially if extracting the features requires a human to analyze each object. This process can be minimized in multimedia database systems that store images as a sequence of editing operations, called specifications, instead of the usual binary format. This paper discusses the advantages and applicability of such systems and the issues that must be resolved in order to develop them.
... The approach taken in this project aims at the provision of a generic presentation service by the multimedia repository [8,10,11,12,13]. It is based on the AMOS project which initially started at GMD-IPSI, and it makes use of object-relational database technology. ...
The University of Ulm was founded in 1967 with focus on medicine and natural sciences. In 1989 the University established two new faculties: Engineering Sciences and Computer Science. This enlargement took place within the framework of the so-called Science City Ulm . In a joint effort, the State of Baden-Württemberg, industrial companies, the University, and the City of Ulm successfully established a research and development infrastructure at or nearby the university campus consisting of the university's research labs, university-related research institutes like the Research Institute for Applied Knowledge Processing (FAW), and industrial research and development labs, especially a large research center of Daimler-Benz AG.
Today, the Faculty of Computer Science consists of seven divisions (called 'departments'), each of which equipped with two professor positions: Theoretical Computer Science
Artificial Intelligence
Distributed Systems
Databases and Information Systems
Software Technology and Compiler Construction
Computer Structures
Neural Information Processing.
The Dept. of Databases and Information Systems (DBIS) became operational at the beginning of 1990 when Peter Dadam joined the faculty. He came from the IBM Heidelberg Science Center (HDSC) where he managed the research department for Advanced Information Management (AIM). At the HDSC he was working on advanced database technology and applications and contributed to the development of the AIM-P system (see [1]). The second professor position was first occupied by Marc Scholl, who belonged to the DBIS department from 1992 to 1994. In 1996 Wolfgang Klas joined the DBIS department as second professor. He came from the GMD Institute for Integrated Publication and Information Systems (IPSI) where he managed the research division Distributed Multimedia Information Systems and was working on advanced object-oriented database systems technology, interoperable database systems, and multimedia information systems.
At present, the DBIS team consists of the teaching and research assistants Thomas Bauer, Susanne Boll, Christian Heinlein, Clemens Hensinger, Erich Müller, Manfred Reichert, Birgit Schultheiβ, the system engineer Rudi Seifert, the secretary Christiane Köppl, and the doctoral students Thomas Beuter and Anita Krämer.
In the following, we concentrate on the research and development work performed previously and presently in the research groups of Peter Dadam and of Wolfgang Klas. For references to Marc Scholl's work please visit http://www.informatik.uni-konstanz.de/dbis.
... Finally, we illustrated the applicability of Z Y X for reuse and adaptation and the challenges and implications of these advanced concepts when using them for authoring and presentation environments for multimedia documents. The Z Y X model has been implemented as a DataBlade module for the object-relational database system Informix Dynamic Server/Universal Data Option under SUN Solaris [19] , following the architectural framework initially presented in [20], [21]. The formal description served as the basis for the definition of an XML DTD for the Z Y X model. ...
Advanced multimedia applications require adequate support for the
modeling of multimedia content by multimedia document models. More and
more this support calls for not only the adequate modeling of the
temporal and spatial course of a multimedia presentation and its
interactions, but also for the partial reuse of multimedia documents and
adaptation to a given user context. However, our thorough investigation
of existing standards for multimedia document models such as HTML, MHEG,
SMIL, and HyTime leads to us the conclusion that these standard models
do not provide sufficient modeling support for reuse and adaptation.
Therefore, we propose a new approach for the modeling of adaptable and
reusable multimedia content, the ZYX model. The model offers
primitives that provide-beyond the more or less common primitives for
temporal, spatial, and interaction modeling-a variform support for reuse
of structure and layout of document fragments and for the adaptation of
the content and its presentation to the user context. We present the
model in detail and illustrate the application and effectiveness of
these concepts by samples taken from our Cardio-OP application in the
domain of cardiac surgery. With the ZYX model, we developed a
comprehensive means for advanced multimedia content creation: support
for template-driven authoring of multimedia content and support for
flexible, dynamic composition of multimedia documents customized to the
user's local context and needs. The approach significantly impacts and
supports the authoring process in terms of methodology and economic
aspects
... We outlined the design considerations and the basic concepts followed by a formal framework of the Z Y X primitives. The Z Y X model has been implemented as a DataBlade module for the objectrelational database system Informix Dynamic Server/Universal Data Option under Sun Solaris, following the architectural framework initially presented in (Klas and Aberer, 1997; Boll et al., 1996 ). Ongoing work includes the identication and realization of possible optimizations of the implementation of the DataBlade. ...
: Existing languages, formats, and multimedia document models such as HTML, MHEG, SMIL, HyTime, SGML, and XML, do not provide the appropriate modeling primitives needed to provide adequate support for reusability, interaction, adaptation, and presentation-neutral description of the structure and content of multimedia documents as required in the Cardio-OP project. Since each of these models lacks some significant concepts and does not meet all of the requirements, we propose a new approach for the semantic modeling of multimedia content, the Z Y X model, which we implemented on the basis of an object-relational database system. The approach taken allows for fine-grained representation and retrieval of structures and layout of multimedia material, for flexible on-the-fly composition of multimedia fragments in order to create individualized multimedia documents, and for the realization of adaptation and personalization of multimedia presentations depending on the user environment specifi...
... This is a problem because such multimedia objects are generally quite large. For example, high resolution images can consume several megabytes of space [KA97]. So, storing thousands of these panels will quickly consume a database's storage area. ...
This paper presents a possible way that artificial intelligence can be used to perform searching in a multimedia database management system without redundant data. Specifically, it finds the nearest neighbors of some query object without computing the distance between it and every other item in the database. Knowledge about the data in the system is required to perform searching. This knowledge is obtained from a specific storage format of the objects called a specification, which contains the editing operations used to create multimedia data. These operations are used to determine the similarity between multimedia objects without having to analyze their contents. 1. Introduction A goal of any database management system is to be able to satisfy queries efficiently while minimizing the amount of redundant information stored in the database [KS91]. This goal is also desired in a MultiMedia DataBase Management System (MMDBMS). Given the nature of certain multimedia applications, however...
... The cost for the improved flexibility and retrieval quality is the immense computation effort [2,3], which exceeds the capabilities of computer architectures with single processing element (PE). Furthermore we are already flooded with digital image material, which is getting bigger day for day. ...
: This paper presents an overview over parallel architectures for the efficient realisation of digital libraries by considering image databases as an example. The state of the art approach for image retrieval uses a priori extracted features and limits the applicability of the retrieval techniques, as a detail search for objects and for other important elements can't be performed. Well-suited algorithms for dynamic feature extraction and comparison are not often applied, as they require huge computational and memory resources. Integration of parallel methods and architectures enables the use of these alternative approaches for improved classification and retrieval of documents in digital libraries. Therefore implemented prototypes on a symmetric multiprocessor (SMP) and on cluster architecture are introduced in the paper. Performance measurements with a wavelet-based template matching method resulted into a reasonable speedup. 1.
This chapter presents an introduction to the area of parallel and distributed multimedia database systems. The first part describes the characteristics of multimedia data and depicts the storage and annotation of such data in conventional and in multimedia databases. The main aim is to explain the process of multimedia retrieval by using images as an example. The related computational, storage, and network requirements create an urgent need for the integration of parallel and distributed computer architectures in modern multimedia information systems. Different hardware and software aspects have to be examined, for example the partitioning of multimedia data and the distribution over multiple nodes have a decisive impact on the performance, efficiency, and the usability of such multimedia databases. Other distributed aspects such as streaming techniques, proxy and client issues, security, etc. are only briefly mentioned and are not in the focus of this chapter. The last section gives an overview over an existing cluster-based prototype for image retrieval named Cairo.
Next generations of online multimedia training and education
applications call for new approaches for the creation, storage,
maintenance, commercial marketing, and publishing of multimedia content.
The project “Gallery of Cardiac Surgery” (Cardio-OP) aims at
the development of an Internet based database-driven multimedia
information system for physicians, medical lecturers, students, and
patients in the domain of cardiac surgery. The research project has a
volume of about 3.3 Million Euro and constitutes a total effort of about
41 person years. Scientific contributions of Cardio-OP include a new
approach towards the organization and online distribution of multimedia
content, its creation and authoring, and its maintenance in a multimedia
repository. The resulting information system is intended to be
applicable to other application domains, such as continuous education
and training programs for employees in production processes. The paper
presents details on the project background and motivation, overall goals
and objectives, and outlines some of the approaches taken and results
achieved
In this paper, we present an architecture for access, exchange and presentation of information in a mobile computing environment. We focus our attention on new strategies for the adaptation and integration of database techniques regarding the management of multimedia data types at the particular conditions of mobile infrastructures. We believe that object-relational database systems e.g. Informix and Oracle8i are ideal repositories on the stationary server side for next generation multimedia applications, especially in inter-networked LAN or WAN environments.
Moreover, our approach illustrates the use and benefits of XML technology as a generic gateway to any mobile device. The basic idea of this paper is the integration of object-relational database technology and XML techniques in a Mobility Information Center (MIC) as a framework for mobile environments. The major aim is to optimize the data exchange and presentation by using media specific queries, data preprocessing and reduction methods within the database system. The server side data transformation and the presentation on mobile end system is controlled by RDF-based meta information and XML/XSLT technology. All these methods are influenced by contexts like local resources, environment parameters, and user preferences.
In mobile multimedia systems, the mobility of users, devices, and
information produces new challenges for processing globally distributed
information. We focus our attention on new strategies for the adaptation
and integration of database techniques regarding the management of
multimedia data types at the particular conditions of mobile
infrastructures. We believe that object-relational database systems,
e.g. Informix are ideal repositories on the stationary server side for
next generation multimedia applications, especially in internetworked
LAN or WAN environments. The basic idea of this paper is the integration
of object-relational database technology in a Mobility Information
Center (MIC) as a framework which faces the common problems of mobile
computing like limited bandwidth, end systems with limited resources as
well as the problems in the context of multimedia data access and
interaction. The major aim is to optimize the mobile data exchange by
using content based information retrieval and reduction methods as well
as media specific queries within the database system in order to reduce
the amount of data to be transferred. All these methods are influenced
by contexts like local resources, available communication channels, and
user preferences
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