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CHIEF EDITOR
Mr. Rahul V. Karad
Vice-President MAEER’s Group of Institutions
EDITOR
Prof. Mrs. Dr. Sayalee Gankar
Director, MITSOM
ASSISTANT EDITOR
Mr. Manohar Karade
Assistant Professor, MIT-SOM
REVIEW EXPERTS
Dr. Surabhi Jain Dr. Renu Bhargava Mr. Ranjeet Chitale
Professor, PUMBA Director, ISBS, Pune Statistics Expert and Reader, PUMBA,
Savitribai Phule University of Pune Savitribai Phule University of Pune
Dr. Shriram Nerlekar Dr. Mahesh Abale Dr. Samiksha Ojha
Director, Head, Faculty of Finance
MMCC, Pune MIT-DMSR, Pune MDI, Gurgaon
Dr. Karuna Jain
Professor, Technology and
Operations Management, IIT, Mumbai
ADVISORY BOARD
Dr. Vishwanath D. Karad Dr. Radha R. Sharma
Founder, Executive President and Professor, OB & HRD MDI,
Managing Trustee, MAEER’s MIT. Ambassador for India,
Founder President, World Peace Center Academy of Management, USA
Dr. Amod Markale Dr. Renu Bhargava
Director, Zeal Education Society Director, ISBS, Pune
Dnyanganga Institute of Career MDI, Ambassador for India,
Empowerment and Research, Narhe, Pune Academy of Management, USA
Copyright ©MIT School of Management 2009-2014. All Rights Reserved. All Views expressed in the
papers are those of authors. The Editor and Publishers bear no responsibility for the same.
Welcome to the issue of the KHOJ - Journal of
Indian Management Research and Practices. It
gives me immense pleasure and opportunity to
present the issue to the readers.
e editorial policy of the journal is to encourage
and publish original research studies as well
as thoughts that stimulate original research in
management.
e business environment is constantly changing,
and it is important for enterprises to adapt and
innovate to meet market-demands. Growing
integration of economies and the markets around
the world have made globalist a reality. In the
present times, the pursuit of inclusive research and
innovation are not only essential, but also inevitable,
for sustainable development and creating pursuit of
excellence of academic and business achievements.
is issue provides the research articles on various
streams of Management and the central theme of
the 1st International conference was “Innovations
in Management”. is special issue has included 65
research articles.
is issue has covered national and international
author’s research papers which carried across the
dierent streams like Marketing, Human Resources
Management, IT, Operations.
e articles provide the case studies, primary data
base research articles, very few of them of secondary
data base. ese articles have covered many facets
of business. Even some of them have provided
entrepreneurial ideas and its implementation by
reviewing through interviews.
We are expecting to write in your suggestions to
improve the journal. I invite you to write back,
giving us suggestions to improve the quality of the
journal - both in its form and in its content.
Looking forward to your contribution and wishing
you well research career.
Prof. Mrs. Dr. Sayalee Gankar
FROM EDITOR’S DESK
INDEX
Sr. No. Particulars ...................................................................................................................... Page Nos.
1 Review of Literature: A Systematic Study of Individual and Organizational Level .......................... 01
Responsible Factors for Career Stagnation
Mrs. Dhanashree Tharkude*, Dr. Santosh Bhave**
2 The Paradigm Shift - Traditional HR To Transactional and Strategic HR .......................................... 08
Prof. Mrunal Nitin Belsare*, Mr. Akash Sane**
3 Role of Administrative Information Security Policies over Technical Policies in ............................... 17
Information Security Management
Mr. Amit Narnaware*, Dr. Shubhalaxmi Joshi **
4 Human Resource Information System .................................................................................................... 21
Amit Phillora*
5 “PFEP - Plan for Every Part” to Boost Supply Chain Planning! ......................................................... 27
Amol Prasad Khedkar*
6 Awareness Model for Improvement of Teaching Learning Process in Selected Schools .................... 32
Prof. Anita Anandrao Patil*, Prof. A.V. Nikam**, Prof.P.R.Rasal***
7 Small Retailers’ Achieving Competitive Advantage through Innovative Services ............................. 36
Aparna Atul Bhirangi*, Dr. Apoorva Palkar**
8 Reverse Mentoring - A Key to manage Age Diversity in the ................................................................. 46
Information Technology (IT) and Telecom Companies
Mrs. AparnaS. Dixit * , Mr. Vivek Palke **
9 BUSINESS ETHICS IN INDIAN PERSPECTIVE ............................................................................... 51
Mr. Arun Hindurao Patil *
10 ToProposeaModelforTrafcDensityManagementandTrafcLightViolation ............................ 58
Detection System for Pune City
Atharva Yashwant Akolkar*, Yashvant Narhar Akolkar**
11 A Study on an Impact of Enterprise Resource Planning in Higher Education 62
Mr. Dinesh Banswal*
12 The Relationship between Total Quality Management (TQM) and Organizational Performance ... 68
Ashok s. Lokhande*, Asst. Prof. Jim Karad**
13 A Study of Multi-Dimensional Perspective of Sanctions Against Iran and ......................................... 72
its Impacts on Iran’s Economy
Dr. Mayanka Sharma *, Dr. D. B. Bharati **, Mr. Mukhtar Jan Qanoonmal ***
14 Fixed Asset Management With Respect to Wilo Mather And Platt Pumps Pvt Ltd .......................... 81
Dr. Daniel Penkar*
15 Corporate Ethics : Strategic Nourishment for Career Planning System Of Organization ...............88
Dr. Jadhav Deepali Rajendra*
16 Brand Failures- When Do Good Brands Do Bad- A Case Study Of .................................................... 94
Classic Example Of Brand Failure: Pepsi Café Chino
Dr. Farzana Gulzar*
17 An Analysis Of Working Capital Management of Genpharma International Pvt Ltd, Bhosari ..... 102
Dr. H. D. Thorat*
18 Impact Of Working Hours On Family Well Being of Women Employees Working In .................... 108
It/Bpo Sector
Dr. Kirti Dharwadkar*, Dr. (Mrs.) Tejal S. Korde**, Ms. Sneha Alan***
19 Role of Intellectual Property in: - Entertainment & Technology ....................................................... 11 4
Dr. Preeti Mishra*; Miss. Pragya Garg**
20 TalentAcquisitionSourcingChannels:EfcacyStudy ....................................................................... 121
(With Special reference to IT industries, Nagpur)
Dr. Rahul Mohare*, Dr. Aniruddha Akarte**
21 SQL Injection Attacks .............................................................................................................................125
Dr. Ramchandra G. Pawar*
22 Role of BI in Cloud Computing ............................................................................................................. 130
Dr. Shubhalaxmi S. Joshi *, Mrs. Akanksha Kherdikar **, Mr. Ashish Kulkarni***
23 Event Management and Event Marketing of Sports ........................................................................... 138
Dr. Surekha S. Daptare*, Dr. Ujjwala S. Deore**
24 Role of HR & IT - To Reduce Employee Attrition ............................................................................... 144
Jui Amale*, Dr. Vijay Kulkarni**
25 Performance Evaluation of Equity Shares and Mutual Funds with .................................................. 150
Respect to their Risk and Return
Ehsan Khan*, Pallavi Gedamkar**
26 Green Advertising & Its Impact on Consumers in India .................................................................... 156
Ekta Rastogi Singh*, Dr. M. S. Khan**
27 Assessing Culture Impact on People Behaviour During M & A ......................................................... 160
Jyotirmay S Bapat*, Prof. Dr. Sayalee Gankar**
28 Stress Management with Special Reference to IT Sector .................................................................... 167
Kavita Chordiya*
29 Healthcare Innovations: An Incentive to Manage an Inevitable Change in Healthcare Industry .. 172
Prof. Ketaki Ghatole*
30 An Exploratory Study on the Work Life Balance of Female Teaching Professionals in .................. 178
Colleges in Punjab
Khushboo Mittal*
31 Innovations in Financial Services .......................................................................................................... 184
Prof. N. M. Nair*, Prof. L. D. Shah**
32 CBR: Complex Thinking Support ......................................................................................................... 190
Dr. P. P. Jamsandekar*, M. K. Patil**
33 Impact of Induction Training on New Joiners: a Perception Analysis with respect to .................... 196
Age and Gender
Mr. Manohar Karade*, Prof. Dr. Sayalee Gankar**, Ms. Salomi Sam***
34 A Study on The Causes of Attrition in IT Industries in Pune ............................................................. 202
Mrs. Archana Singh*; Ms. Pooja Tawale**
35 The Paradigm Shift - Traditional HR To Transactional and Strategic HR ....................................... 205
Prof. Mrunal Nitin Belsare*, Mr. Akash Sane**
36 AQuestionDeningNewErainWomenEmpowerment-ShouldWomenReallyParticipate ...... 214
in Family Business?
Nikita Motwani*, Deepa Singh**
37 Innovations in Disaster Management .................................................................................................... 221
Nilambari Yogesh Shidhaye*
38 Anxiety at the Workplace - A HR Management Perspective .............................................................. 229
Nitin M. Padalkar*
39 SignicanceofEmotionalIntelligenceforBetterWork-LifeBalanceof ......................................... 234
Banking Sector Employees
Pooja Thorat*
40 Role of HRM in Promoting Innovation ................................................................................................ 238
Prof. Poonam Rawat *, Madhushree Dhopte **, Abhijeet Chinchkotkar ***
41 InuenceofTechnologyonHumanResourceManagement ............................................................... 244
Prof. Poonam Rawat *, Ms. Abhishika Awale **Ms. Heena Mulchandani***Ms. Priyanka Kushte****
42 Effects of Social Media on Family Culture and Communication - .................................................... 251
A study of selected families in Pune
Ms. Pradnya Gaikwad*
43 Limitations of Organisational Behaviour (OB) in the light of Mobbing Phenomena ...................... 260
Mr. Pratap Kesher Navayan*; Dr. (Capt.) C. M. Chitale**
44 Changing the World: Entrepreneurs’ Commitment and Motives in Shared Value Creation .......... 269
Rajashree Vichare Purandare*
45 Study of Online Buying and Selling Behaviour Of Z-Generation with Special Reference to .......... 274
MIT Campus, Kothrud, Pune
Prof. Rajashri Kadam*, Ms. Anjali Gupta**, Ms. Surabhi Mishra***
46 Self-Managed Teams, An Innovative Approach to Shop Floor Management ................................... 278
Rajendra Joshi*, V. A. Upadhye**
47 Impact of Mergers and Acquisitions on Changing Roles of HR .........................................................287
Rethika V. Deshmukh*
48 Employee Engagement Practices in Large Scale Industries, In Pune Region ................................... 298
Rhujuta D. Belsare*
49 Exploring Technology Acceptance Theories and Models – A Comparative Analysis ....................... 308
Rinku Dulloo*, Jyoti Mokashi**, Dr. M. M. Puri***
50 Case Studies in Innovations in Business Management with reference to .......................................... 318
MimecastUniedEmailManagement
Sachin Ramesh Godbole*, Ashish Thite**
51 A Study of Promotion Strategy and Creating Consumer-Based Brand Equity; .............................. 321
Measurement & Opportunities
Sachin S. Hatole*
52 Film Business: From Single Screens to Multiplexes ............................................................................ 327
Sachin Verma*
53 Escorting Ambulance: An Innovative & a Non-Technical Concept ................................................... 332
Sahil Ashok Tate*
54 Recruitment Innovations ........................................................................................................................ 337
Shital Deshmukh*
55 AStudyonFactorsInuencingMotivationofRecruitersatTataTechnologiesLtd. ......................344
Prof. Shivaji T. Mane*, Ms. Priyanka Dutta**
56 E-waste Management: Issues and Strategies in managing e-waste in Pune region .......................... 350
Mr. Sanket Dattatray Mistri*, Mrs. Smita Amit Kakade**
57 Development of Human Resource Information System (HRIS) ......................................................... 356
Mrs. Smita S. Kumar*
58 A Study of Customer Satisfaction towards Organized Retailing with Special Reference to ........... 363
Future Group in Selected Areas of Pune City
Prof. Sumita Joshi*
59 Role of Innovative Practices in Growth of Women Entrepreneurs: Case Studies in ....................... 372
Belgaum District
Sushama Bavle* Dr. Apoorva Palkar**
60 Exploring Intellectual Property Rights and Open Innovation as Strategies for ............................... 381
Re-Positioning India for Global Marketing Success
Suvrashis Sarkar*
61 To Study M-HRM (Mobile Human Resource Management) Practices And Its Impact on ............. 389
Workforce Through Smart Phones in Selected Information Technology (IT) Multinational
Corporations (MNC’s) in Pune Region
Mrs. Swapna Anand Saoji*, Ms. Manjiri Milind Agashe**
62 Study on effects of Gender diversity on employee’s performance in ................................................. 395
IT sector w. s. ref to Pune City
Mrs. Swati A. Joshi*, Dr. S. U. Gawade**
63 Green Marketing - A Social Need .......................................................................................................... 400
Prof. Vandana Sharma*
64 Human Resources Management And E-Business ................................................................................ 405
Mr. Vasant Babanrao Bhalerao*
65 The information security policy frameworks of the IT companies differ with the domains of ....... 412
IT companies
Mr. Vishwambhar E. Kokare*, Dr. Shubhalaxmi S. Joshi**
MIT-SOM PGRC KJIMRP 1st International Conference (Special Issue) ISSN No.: 0976-8262
190
CBR: Complex Thinking Support
Dr. P. P. Jamsandekar*, M. K. Patil**
Abstract:
This research study focused on learning lessons from the experience of designing a case based reasoning (CBR) tool
for support of thinking skills. Thinking skills based on some learning standards, state testing, curricula, teaching and
learning resources used, and research scopes. Complex thinking is the core of high order thinking. Complex thinking is
engaged when different types of thinking and action converge to resolve a real-world, ill-structured issues such as solving
a problem, designing an artifact, or making a decision. By integrating reasoning, memory, and learning in a model of
cognition for learning from concrete problem-solving experience, CBR can be used to engage complex thinking. In similar
and different ways, CBR theory and the related theories that promotes learning from concrete, ill-structured problem-
solving experience. This research study was carried out using developmental research methodology and a standard
development model. The design process included front-end analysis, creating a prototype of the tool, and evaluating the
prototype.
Keywords: Prototype, Cognition, Skills
*Dr. P. P. Jamsandekar
Professor, BVU IMRDA, Sangli
**M. K. Patil
Research Student, BVU AKIMSS, Solapur
Introduction
Case-based reasoning (Kolodner, 1992) means
using old experiences to understand and solve
new problems. In case-based reasoning, a reasoner
remembers a previous situation similar to the current
one and uses that to solve the new problem. Case
based reasoning can mean adapting old solutions
to meet new demands; using old cases to explain
new situations; using old cases to critique new
solutions; or reasoning from precedents to interpret
a new situation or create an equitable solution to
a new problem. The CBR (Aamodt, 1994) process
can be represented by a schematic cycle, as shown
in Figure (a). CBR typically as cyclical process
comprising the four REs:
Retrieve the most similar cases; during this process,
the CB reasoner searches the database to nd the
most approximate case to the current situation.
Reuse the cases to attempt to solve the problem;
this process includes using the retrieved case and
adapting it to the new situation. At the end of this
process, the reasoner might propose a solution.
Revise the proposed solution if necessary; Since
the proposed solution could be inadequate, this
process can correct the rst proposed solution.
Retain the new solution as a part of a new case.
Literature Review
A literature review is a critical analysis of the
existing work done by others over the years on your
proposed research topic. I have reviewed some of
the following literatures.
The CBR used for supporting Learning. CBR
suggests a form for what we store in memory
about our experiences and the kinds of reection
that are effective for being able to reuse those
experiences. The CBR as a model of cognition,
implications for supporting learning, supports for
student’s reexion, different case libraries. (Janet
L. Kolodner)
The main aim of the current research is to examine
2015
191
the existence of young children’s introspective
abilities. Fifty children of mean age 5 years were
individually tested both at the beginning and
at the end of the school-year. Half of them were
randomly selected and constituted the experimental
group and had an intervention for half-an-hour for
twenty weeks, which gave emphasis to the use and
instruction of a number of internal-state words
and other meta cognitive activities. At the end of
the intervention, the experimental group scored
statistically higher in the meta cognitive ability of
introspection, and especially in children’s accuracy
in referring to the content of thought. (Louca-
Papaleontiou, 2002)
Research has identied characteristics that go
beyond the general public’s stereotypes of computer
programmers. The purpose of this research was to
identify success criteria for computer programmers
working alone and in group settings.
Myers – Briggs Type Indicator Terminology
Team Meaning
E – Extroverted Expressive, External
S – Sensing Observant, Facts
T – Thinking Tough Minded, Logic
J – Judging Scheduling, Structured
I – Introverted Reserved, Internal
N – Intuitive Introspective, Ideas
F – Feeling Friendly, Emotion
P – Perceiving Probing, Flexible,
Open
Focusing on the characteristics of successful
programmers has the potential to improve the
selection methods used to ll vacancies among
project teams, alter the advising and selection
criteria for academic programs, and change
stereotypical views of the programming population.
Our research offers initial information that might
be used for these purposes. (Claudio A. Policastro,
2003)
Humans have different ways of learning. Some can
assimilate in a better way the knowledge received
visually, auditory or through a certain sense.
Psychology and cognitive sciences have long time
explored this question. The objective of work is
the creation of teaching methods and environments
that use the vast resources offered by IT in such
a way to adapt teaching material and strategies to
the learner’s skills and learning style. The proposed
model uses Felder & Silverman (1988) model for
dening learning style, together with empirically
built adaptation taxonomy for matching e-media
with combinations of teaching strategies and
learning styles. (Brinthaupt, 2001)
The researcher describe an intelligent agent that
delivers learning material adaptively to different
students, factoring in the usage history of the
learning materials and student proles as observed
by the agent. Student-tutor interaction includes the
activities of going through learning material, such
as a topical tutorial, a set of examples, and a set
of problems. The agent will be able to capture and
utilize these student activities as the primer to select
the appropriate examples or problems to administer
to the student. Using an integrated introspective
case-based reasoning approach, the agent further
learns from its experience and renes its reasoning
process—including the instructional strategies—
to adapt to student needs. Moreover, our agent
monitors the usage history of the learning materials
to improve its performance. The built ITS using
an agent powered by this integrated introspective
case-based reasoning engine. (Soh, 2007)
Recent research on the learning process has shown
that students tend to learn in different ways and
that they prefer to use different teaching resources
as well. Many researchers agree on the fact that
learning materials shouldn’t just reect of the
teacher’s style, but should be designed for all kinds
of students and all kind of learning styles. Even
though they agree on the importance of applying
these learning styles to different learning systems,
various problems still need to be solved, such as
matching teaching contents with the student’s
learning style. The researcher describe the design of
a personalized teaching method that is based on an
adaptive taxonomy using Felder and Silverman’s
learning styles and which is combined with the
selection of the appropriate teaching strategy and
the appropriate electronic media. Students are able
to learn and to efciently improve their learning
process with such method. (Franzoni, 2009)
Working
The purpose is to explore CBR theory as one
CBR: Complex Thinking Support
MIT-SOM PGRC KJIMRP 1st International Conference (Special Issue) ISSN No.: 0976-8262
192
means for supporting complex thinking, the core of
high order thinking that is engaged during solving
problems, designing artifacts, and/or making
decisions.
A CBR tool was designed to more fully explore
CBR as one means for supporting complex
This research study adds to the relatively new
research agenda for educational applications of
CBR theory. Specically, the potential of CBR for
engaging complex thinking is explored. Complex
thinking is essential to effectively resolving real-
world issues such as solving a problem, designing
an artifact, or making a decision.
a. To study introspective learning attributes of the
students in procedure oriented programming
b. Develop a technique to organize the problem
solving capabilities in a form of case base
A student-centred approach which actively
engages the young person in the learning process is
critical if skills which result in healthy behaviours
are to be fostered and developed. Some of the
learning strategies that could be incorporated
in a comprehensive approach include self-
directed learning, co-operative learning, role
playing, behavioural rehearsal, peer education
and parent involvement. Consideration should be
given to allowing students to plan some learning
experiences.
Students should also be given the opportunity for
self-assessment and be encouraged to evaluate
their habits, attitudes, and behaviours with respect
to personal health and well-being. This can
be accomplished through real life activities or
simulations in which students can become involved
in a meaningful way.
The major challenge in programming is to improve
the learning quality and productivity of the students.
The different researchers engaged online tutorials
(e – learning content) for theoretical subjects.
To have intelligent tutoring for programming is
difcult one. To improve the institutional growth
in the society, by studying the learning objectives
of the students is carried out through introspective
learning. In introspective learning, the different
learning styles of students is identied and the way
the students solve the problems. In this competitive
world, to survive in industry we need to fulll
the objectives of the students in programming
instead of student centric. Programming using
any computer language has particular structure
and constructs are used to model a problem. C
Programming supports three basic constructs,
combinations of which make different templates
applicable for similar types of problems. If one can
categories the problem, template can be applicable.
But considering efciency of every program may
not use same template.
To have introspection, CBR plays vital role by
reusing the similar past experiences of problem
solving. Procedure oriented programming has some
style of problem solving which can be generalized
to store as case and reuse wherever applicable. Here
to retrieve the most appropriate experience (stored
case) one need to have efcient retrieval method.
The researcher found this as thirst area for study.
The CBR construct support the learning reection
(Plaza, 1994).
The learning aspect can be dened by answering
following questions:
a. What kind of information does tend to receive,
the place, environment?
b. By which, process of communication,
information can be placed more effectively?
c. How the information can be processed?
d. The progress of thinking based on other factors
as integrity, modularity of information?
A CBR tool should be designed to support
acquisition of CBR-specic problem-interpretation
and problem-solving skills within the context of the
general problem-solving process. The tool should
support acquisition of CBR specic problem-
interpretation and problem solving skills.
CBR is the type of analogical reasoning that
focuses on systematically deriving problem solving
and consequent educational value from interpreting
and appropriately applying informative analogs
from collected, retrievable representations of
concrete problem-solving experience. The tool
should support an analogy-based reasoning and
learning process that compares a given undened,
unsolved concrete problem with the analogs
offered by dened and solved problems from the
past. (Richmond, May 4, 2007)
2015
193
Case Based Reasoning Tool Support:
Thinking - The Construct:
A comprehensive CBR tool should support
learner performance relative to valid and reliable
engagement of complex thinking skills rst in
curricular and ultimately in workplace contexts.
Thinking is a psychological construct based on
different operations such as, how you are thinking
on specic situation, your imagination, and
creativity. It is based on solving approach of CBR
as, problems as a cases, taking decisions are as
retrieval, matching step and dening solution as
retain/adaption process.
Integrated Model of Cognition:
A comprehensive CBR tool should support learner
performance relative to integration of reasoning,
learning/understanding, and dynamic memory.
CBR is said to be an integrated model to represent
thinking of human beings. It has following three
factors
a. The experience of a person regarding the
problem
b. To learn, new things, skills
c. To have a storage/experience used in further
problem solutions
The tool should include a working representation
of this model as it can be made to operate within
external (resource-based) memory so as to reect
its operation within internal (personal) memory.
Interpreting and Solving Problems:
A comprehensive CBR tool should support learner
performance relative to application of the CBR
method to interpreting and solving ill-structured
type problems.
The CBR can be applied on the problem solutions
where solution is not based on purely set of rules.
It use the subsequent experience which is stored on
media. It is used to support both the outcomes of
interpreting a problem and solving a problem.
Having and Saving Experiences:
A comprehensive CBR tool should provide
a. supports for reecting on and interpreting
experience, which can serve to produce new
cases for an evolving case library, and
b. a case library.
CBR cycle begins with interpreting and solving a
given problem by comparing with similar dened,
solved, and documented problems. It includes all
the relative information includes the experience,
and best case selection approach.
Case Construction:
A comprehensive CBR tool should support learner/
user performance relative to constructing cases and
adding those cases to the case library.
CBR includes not only facilitating concrete
problem-solving experience and learning from that
experience, but, in addition, CBR simultaneously
or subsequently supports capturing useful
representations of that experience in a retrievable
case-based format for application to future problem-
solving needs. To support the full CBR process, the
tool should support this case construction activity.
Retrieval through Indexing:
A comprehensive CBR tool should support learner/
user performance relative to the task of indexing
cases or resolving the indexing problem. To retrieve
a solution based on similarity factors of selected set
of cases. The tool resolve the indexing problem to
achieve successful outcome:
a. the indexing of cases and the consequent
indexing descriptors form the basis for
performing similarity assessment at the heart
of CBR, and
b. User participation in an indexing activity
constitutes an abstracting process that facilitates
case-based problem interpretation, problem
solving, and learning.
The tool should support two aspects of indexing:
a. instructor-performed indexing to ensure
optimal operation of the tool and
b. user performed indexing to facilitate the user’s
case based problem interpretation, problem-
solving, and learning experience.
Failure-Based Learning:
A comprehensive CBR tool should support learner/
CBR: Complex Thinking Support
MIT-SOM PGRC KJIMRP 1st International Conference (Special Issue) ISSN No.: 0976-8262
194
user performance relative to learning from failed
and corrective problem-solving strategies. If any
solution doesn’t matched as proposed it would lead
to be a failure of cases. The tool should support
an iterative, documented process of understanding,
resolving, and learning from well-planned, well-
executed, but failed efforts to solve a problem.
Cases - Interpreting and Solving Problems:
A comprehensive CBR tool should support learner/
user performance relative to using cases as the basis
for reasoning. The tool should provide a means for
collecting cases and providing for relevant problem
solving strategies. An effective cases are need to
be designed by an object oriented based approach.
Complex Thinking – The Goal:
A comprehensive CBR tool should support an
instructional goal to promote complex thinking
through performance of the case based reasoning
process.
A tool should be designed to support achievement
of an instructional goal for performance of complex
thinking skills with specic regard to three types of
sub-goals:
(a) Solving a problem,
(b) Making a decision, and
(c) Designing an artifact.
The tool should support an instructional goal for
performance of complex thinking skills with
specic regard to three areas.
Learner and Context Compatibility:
To ensure the integrity of an instructional system,
a tool should be designed to be compatible
with learner characteristics, such as prociency
level, and performance and learning context
characteristics, such as degree of realism. Design
of the tool should be compatible with learner and
context characteristics.
Practice Learning Context:
Consistent with CBR’s interest in the problem
solving and educational value of well-executed,
authentic problem-solving experience, a tool
should be designed for productive integration in an
authentic learning context, with options generally
ranging from more authentic contexts (a practice
eld or simulated context) to most authentic
context (the actual workplace). The tool should be
adequate to achieving the particular educational
potential of an authentic learning context.
Practitioner Training Relevance:
A tool should be designed to study own based
on different trial cases. She/he can easily get the
solutions based on inputted problem, code. It
provides a realist experience by supporting the
training. So, any ill structured problem can easily
tackled by training relevance.
General CBR Performance:
A tool should be designed to support the general
step and sub-step behaviours of the CBR process as
they have been incorporated in program objectives
from across a range of domains and program
contexts, including instructional, Training, and/or
workplace management contexts. The performance
is governed on different cases designed. The
decision proposed.
Performance Criteria Compatibility:
A tool should be designed for compatibility with a
range of performance criteria that vary according to
program needs. The tool should offer compatibility
with a range of performance criteria.
Assessment Compatibility
The tool should need to be designed to assess the
students learning after providing the solutions
to his/her problems. It should have a built in
compatibility to test in different learning aspects.
The testing is based on learning strategies adopted
by the student.
Strategy Compatibility:
The tool should design to support the strategic
compatibilities such as the instructional material
enhances the learning skills. As per the need of
learning, tool should suggest the logic about the
program code. The tool should provide a different
compatibility with a range of strategy options. It
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gives detailed solutions for solving micro and
macro problems of the students while learning.
Conclusion:
It has a self-learning extraction of the weights
for the retrieval process using the introspective
learning technique. It automates extraction of
k-values of k-nearest neighbor retrieval algorithm
and proposed algorithm. It can be applied to the
domain where ill in determining the required
weights either by the expert or by the statistical
technique. It uses substitution methodology to
drive a set of simple rules to be applied for unseen
problem in the future. It constructs the rule used
to solve the present problem from the used stored
rules, and stores it to avoid repeating the same effort
again. The updating of the rule set after any new
added rule is off-line process to save the run time
of the system. It can provide a complete automation
of both the main tasks of CBR methodology (e.g.
retrieving & adaptation).
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