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Journal of Curriculum and Pedagogic Studies (JCPS)
Vol. 2 No. 1, June 2023, Page. 23-31
https://e-journal.lp2m.uinjambi.ac.id/ojp/index.php/jcps
23
Implementation of Active Learning Strategies
Hilmi1*, Summiyani2*
1&2Departemen of Islamic Education Management, Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teacher Training, UIN Sulthan Thaha Saifuddin
Jambi
*corresponding author: summiyani@uinjambi.ac.id
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to analyze the implementation of active learning strategies in
the learning process in the classroom. This study uses the Library Research method, which is
a literature study. The results of this study show that active learning strategies are a technique,
strategy, or learning method that demands student activity, self-development, self-
conceptualization, and meaning-building through various activities in the learning process so
that learning objectives can be achieved effectively. In implementing this active learning
strategy, the role of the teacher as an educator is very important. The position and role of the
teacher are very strategic in active learning because the success or failure of students in
learning is determined by the teacher's ability, creativity, and skills. If the educator is skilled
and creative in teaching, it can be ensured that students will have a greater opportunity to be
skilled, successful in learning, and thinking.
Keywords: Implementation, strategy,
Introduction
The purpose of this research is to
analyze the implementation of active
learning strategies in the classroom learning
process. This research used the Library
Research method, which is a literature
study. The results of this research indicate
that active learning strategies are
techniques, strategies, or learning methods
that require students to be active, develop
themselves, build their own concepts and
meanings through various activities in the
learning process so that learning goals can
be achieved well. In implementing this
active learning strategy, the role of the
teacher as an educator is very important.
The position and role of the teacher are very
strategic in active learning, as the success or
failure of students in learning is largely
determined by the teacher's abilities,
creativity, and skills. If the teacher is skilled
and creative in teaching, it can be ensured
that students will have a great opportunity
to be skilled, successful in learning, and
thinking.
In the Indonesian National Education
System Law, Article 1 explains a
formulation about education which is
"education is a conscious and planned effort
to create a learning atmosphere and
learning process so that students actively
develop their potential to have spiritual and
religious strength, self-control, personality,
intelligence, noble character, and skills
needed for themselves, society, nation, and
state" (National Education System Law,
2003: 2).
Education has a function to prepare
students to directly face real life. Education
is implemented comprehensively for the
Indonesian society. The purpose of
education itself is to be able to achieve
education for students, where there are
several aspects to fulfill or achieve national
education goals. The objectives of
education include national education
Journal of Curriculum and Pedagogic Studies (JCPS)
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objectives, institutional objectives, learning
objectives, and curricular objectives. As
quoted by Mundiri (2017), in Law No. 2 of
2003 concerning the National Education
System, it is emphasized that the national
education goal is "to develop the potential
of students to become human beings who
believe in and fear God Almighty, have
noble character, are healthy,
knowledgeable, capable, creative,
independent, and become democratic and
responsible citizens." The implementation
of education is certainly related to the
learning components applied.
According to Sunhaji (2014),
learning is a process and effort made to
make students learn in a structured way, so
that there is an event called learning that has
a goal of changing students' behavior.
Changes in behavior can occur due to
interaction between students and their
environment. With the development of
technology, the learning patterns used will
also develop. Learning has the same
meaning as teaching activities, which are
usually carried out by teachers who act as
bridges for students by conveying their
knowledge. The implementation of learning
is the result of learning planning. The
structure of learning planning includes
teacher planning and teaching planning.
Therefore, learning planning is very much
needed to achieve educational activities.
Learning should not only focus on
formal classroom activities between
teachers and students, but also involve
physical learning activities that aim to
develop students' skills and abilities
through efforts that create interesting and
enjoyable learning experiences. The goal of
learning requires other supporting
components to be present.
According to Suyanto and Djihad
Hisyam (2013: 81), the components of
learning must be able to interact and form
an interconnected system, in order to create
a high-quality learning process. These
components include: a) learning objectives,
b) learning materials, c) learning methods,
d) learning media, e) teachers and
educators, f) students, and g) assessment
and evaluation.
As a system, these learning
components are interrelated and form a
cohesive whole. As a student in the field of
education or a future educator, it is
important to have a good understanding of
these learning components, in order to
apply them effectively and create
competent education.
Methods
The method used in this research is
Library Research method, which is a
literature study. Nazir (2003) explains that
a literature study is a technique for
collecting data by conducting a study and
review of books, literature, notes, and
reports related to the problem being solved.
In this case, the author examines, delves
into, and reviews books and literature
related to active learning, then conducts in-
depth analysis, and the next stage is
compiled in the form of a scientific article.
Results and Discussion
Definition of Active Learning Strategies
Teachers are important components
in shaping and educating students to
become creative, active, innovative, and
ethical individuals in order to achieve the
goals of education. Marimba stated that the
goal of education is to develop the
personality of students to be excellent. The
personality referred to here is not only
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academically intelligent and capable but
also morally good.
Learning comes from the word
"belajar," which, as explained in the
Indonesian dictionary, means to attempt to
acquire skills or knowledge, to change
behavior or responses caused by
experience. Sa'dun Akbar (2013:45)
provided a definition of learning as "a
process of modification in human capacity
that can be maintained and increased in
level." The learning process can run
smoothly if the teacher applies learning
strategies to improve the competency and
understanding of students towards the
material presented. According to Copper in
Wiryawandan Noorhadi's book (1990:3),
learning strategies are the selection of
various specific exercises appropriate to the
learning objectives that want to be
achieved. This means that the activity of
each individual in the learning practice that
students do is expected to achieve the goal.
According to Mashudi (2015:25),
learning strategies are learning activities
that must be carried out by teachers and
students so that learning goals can be
achieved effectively and efficiently. He
stated that, basically, the strategy is still
conceptual about the decision to be taken in
implementing learning, which means that
learning strategies are still planning. As
stated by David in Wina Sanjaya's book
(2006:124), a strategy is "a plan, method, or
series of activities designed to achieve a
particular educational goal." This means
that the strategy is a plan of action, method,
or series of activities designed to achieve
specific educational goals.
In the learning process, good
interaction between teachers and students is
necessary to create a pleasant learning
atmosphere because learning is the core
activity in education. Learning as the core
process of education should be run by
positioning students as the main actors.
Thus, learning activities can be carried out
by them with full consciousness,
willingness, and meaningful involvement
(Heradika, 2012).
According to Law Number 12 of
2012 concerning National Education
Article 1, learning is the process of
interaction between students and lecturers
and learning resources in a learning
environment. Learning is assistance given
by educators to enable the process of
acquiring knowledge and understanding,
mastery of skills and habits, as well as the
formation of attitudes and beliefs in
students. In other words, learning is a
process to help students learn well.
Therefore, in learning, teachers need to
create a conducive atmosphere and learning
strategies that attract students' interest.
Rooijakkers (2003) explained that
learning needs to foster an open and
responsive mindset, skills, and habits that
can adjust to human changes. For this
reason, learning strategies, methods, and
approaches that can encourage the process
of growth and perfection of behavior,
develop habits, and skills to adjust are
needed. It should be more than that;
learning should be able to foster students'
skills to actively and creatively face similar
situations, even entirely new situations, in a
satisfying manner. Therefore, teachers are
expected to be able to apply active learning
processes, where not only are teachers
required to be active and creative in
managing learning in class but it also
demands students' activity.
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Active learning strategy is a learning
strategy that encourages and directs
learners to learn actively. In the learning
process, active students can be interpreted
as students who are able to dominate
learning activities well. The active role of
students in the learning process will
produce a creative generation, meaning a
generation that is able to produce
something for their own interests as well as
others. Meanwhile, a creative teacher is an
educator who is able to create various and
varied learning activities that meet the
various abilities of learners.
The application of active learning
strategies is very necessary for the role of
the teacher as an educator. The position and
role of the teacher are very strategic in
learning. The success or failure of students
in learning is largely determined by the
skills and abilities of the educator/teacher.
If the educator is skilled and creative in
teaching, it can be ensured that the
opportunity for learners to succeed in
learning will be greater, including the
ability of students to think critically. As
stated by Brand (In the book Educational
Leadership, 1993) cited by Haidir Salim
(2014, 21), almost all educational reform
efforts such as curriculum renewal and
application of learning methods, all depend
on the teacher. Without mastery of
materials and learning strategies, and
without being able to encourage students to
learn earnestly, all efforts to improve the
quality of education will not achieve
maximum results.
Based on this concept, it can be
concluded that a teacher who is able to
apply various methods including the
application of active learning strategies is
important. The application of varied
methods in learning is able to encourage
students to be more creative and able to
understand the delivery of material
maximally so that in the end, the goal of
learning can be achieved well. The
educational goals that have been formulated
certainly need to be realized in the form of
the implementation of the education
process, which in its communication
process can be carried out through the
learning process.
The important component that plays a
crucial role in the education process is the
teacher. The teacher as an instructor in an
educational institution is considered
necessary to take actions in order to achieve
educational goals, namely: first, a plan of
action in the form of the use of methods and
the utilization of resources used in the
learning process. Second, the development
of strategies. Based on this, the teacher's
strategy in learning activities using
methods, mastery of materials, utilization
of learning media, and evaluation are
efforts to achieve the expected educational
goals.
Factors in Determining Learning
Strategies
Educational institutions require
professional and competent teachers who
can teach and guide students well to achieve
expected learning goals. As stated in the
Republic of Indonesia Law No. 14 of 2005
concerning Teachers and Lecturers, Article
8 states that "teacher competencies include
(1) Pedagogical Competence, (2)
Personality Competence, (3) Social
Competence, (4) Professional Competence
acquired through professional education."
As educators who have the task and
responsibility of educating, teaching, and
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guiding students through the learning
process, teachers are required to have and
determine appropriate learning strategies to
be used in learning implementation. This is
very important because it relates to the
success of teachers in teaching and
instructing students so that expected
learning goals can be achieved. According
to Alexander (1983: 78) cited by Haidir and
Salim (2014:110) in their book entitled
"Learning Strategies," there are four things
that a teacher needs to consider in
determining learning strategies, namely:
First, the learning objectives to be achieved.
Second, the condition of the students.
Third, available sources and facilities.
Fourth, the characteristics of the
presentation technique or method. From the
description related to the urgent factors in
determining learning strategies, the
teacher's mastery and creativity in
determining learning techniques and
methods are essential. Mismatched material
with the learning method used will affect
the students' understanding of the material
and the learning atmosphere.
According to Orlich (1981: 252-253)
cited by Haidir and Salim (2014: 116-147),
several alternative learning methods can be
used by teachers in the learning process:
1) Inquiry is a method whose process
requires a high degree of interaction
between the teacher, students, course
materials, and the environment. The
interesting and important thing in the
inquiry process is that the teacher and
students are both questioners, seekers,
integrators, answerers, and analysts.
2) Discovery Learning. The discovery
teaching method is a procedure that
emphasizes individual study or research,
object manipulation, and experiments
carried out by students before drawing
conclusions. (Hamalik, 1993: 56). In this
method, students learn through active
participation in finding concepts and
principles so that they gain experience.
3) Cooperative Learning is a learning
method that emphasizes the activity of
students in learning. According to
Henson and Eller (1999: 160),
cooperative learning is a form of
cooperation in small groups that students
do to achieve goals.
4) Mastery Learning. This learning method
emphasizes how appropriate teaching
systems are implemented by teachers so
that students can learn well with
accuracy.
5) Problem Solving is a learning method
that prioritizes problem-solving in
learning activities to strengthen students'
reasoning and skills so that they gain a
more fundamental understanding of the
material conveyed by the teacher.
(Shoimin, 2017: 135
6) Concept Maps. This concept map is an
understanding that belongs not only to
the teacher but also to the students.
Dahar (1989: 153) stated that this
concept map method is a way to show
the concepts and propositions of a field
of study. By making or designing a
concept map, students will understand
the lesson material better and make their
learning more meaningful.
7) "Every One is a Teacher" here is one of
the learning methods commonly referred
to as the teaching review strategy
(repeating the material that has been
taught).
8) "In the News" method is carried out in
several steps: (1) Students are assigned
to find materials to be discussed in class.
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(2) Students are divided into several
groups. (3) Choose an interesting topic.
(4) Each group presents their findings
and the topic they studied. (5)
Discussion with other groups. (6)
Clarification from the teacher.
9) "Student Created Case Study" (SCCS) is
a method that is carried out through
group discussions and each group
presents their findings, followed by
clarification by the teacher.
The Essential Implementation of Active
Learning Strategies
Active learning is crucially important
to be applied in education in order to
achieve learning goals. According to Mel
Silberman (2004:32) as quoted by Raehang
(2014:154), active learning is "learning that
provides opportunities for learners to
actively construct their own concepts and
meanings through various activities." In
active learning, students are required to be
active in the learning process, not just the
teacher. As a professional educator, the
teacher should be creative in managing
learning by adjusting the materials so that
an active and enjoyable learning process
can be found.
As expressed by Zainiyati (2010:181-
182), some important reasons for
implementing active learning are: (1)
effective learning strategies in active
learning are when students practice reading,
watching, and discussing learning
materials, which will make it easier for
them to remember the materials; (2) various
activities in active learning can avoid
monotonous processes, so that students will
pay more attention to and be more aware of
each learning process; (3) active learning
can integrate both old and new knowledge;
(4) in active learning, students are involved
in developing thinking skills, so that their
thinking skills will become sharper and
honed; (5) independent activities can
provide opportunities for students to engage
in their own learning styles; (6) students
will be more capable of repeating important
steps if the activity is done independently;
(7) active learning requires individual
responsibility and high cooperation in order
to improve their social skills; (8) active
learning encourages interaction between
students and teachers and other students,
which will influence their ability to interact
and communicate in education; (9) high
student involvement increases interest and
learning motivation in the learning process.
Characteristics of Active Learning
The characteristics of active learning
as described by Zainiyati (2010: 187)
include: 1) Learning is not solely focused
on the delivery of material by the teacher,
but more on the explanation of information
and the building of concepts by students. 2)
The learning atmosphere is
supportive/conducive. 3) Students are not
passive but actively engage in various
activities related to the learning material. 4)
Students are involved in positive and
cooperative activities that require
individual responsibility as well as positive
interdependence among group members. 5)
Students are stimulated to think critically,
analyze, and evaluate. 6) Students are
involved in the utilization of various
learning resources and learning media both
in and out of the classroom. 7) Teachers are
able to obtain faster feedback on the
learning process and outcomes.
From the above description of the
characteristics of active learning, it can be
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concluded that active learning
characteristics are as follows. First,
emphasis is placed on the activity of
students in learning activities both in and
out of the classroom. Second, the teacher
involves students in every activity and
problem-solving, thus generating students'
thinking skills and their ability to analyze
educational problems. Third,
communication and learning interaction is
done through feedback by asking questions
and problem-solving in education, so that
not only the teacher is a communicator but
students can also become message-givers in
the learning process.
Implementation of Active Learning
Strategies in the Classroom
Active Learning is a learning process
that empowers all students' potentials so
that they can learn through various
activities such as reading, writing,
speaking, listening, and reflecting. Active
learning strategies demand active students
and creative teachers in managing learning.
Warsono & Hariyanto (2012: 8) explain
that the learning process can be meaningful
and have good quality if it has the following
characteristics: first, student involvement in
planning the learning process. Second,
intellectual and emotional involvement of
students, both through analytical activities,
actions, and attitude formation. Third,
creative participation in creating a suitable
situation for the learning process. Fourth,
the teacher acts as a facilitator and
coordinator of student learning activities,
and uses multi-methods and multimedia.
Mc.Keachie cited by Warsono
(2012:9) explains that the implementation
of active learning strategies has seven
dimensions of active student learning, as
follows:
1) Students are able to determine the
objectives of learning activities
2) Emphasis on the affective aspects of
learning
3) Student participation in
implementing learning activities,
especially in the form of interaction
among students.
4) The teacher's acceptance of
students' irrelevant actions and
contributions or because students
make mistakes.
5) The closeness of the class
relationship as a group
6) Opportunities given to students to
make important decisions in
activities.
7) The amount of time used to deal
with students' personal problems,
whether related or unrelated to the
subject matter.
The implementation of active
learning strategies can run effectively and
efficiently due to several supporting
factors, including: (1) the availability of
adequate learning environments and
resources for active learning
implementation, (2) varied methods that
can activate learners. Active learning can be
implemented by considering several
principles, such as: first, expanding
learners' learning experiences, second,
utilizing the advantages of interaction
between learners and other people and
learning resources, and third, providing
opportunities for dialogue and direct
experiences (Zainiyati, 2010: 192).
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In the implementation of active
learning strategies, it is crucial to pay
attention to things that can create an active
learning atmosphere effectively. According
to Zainiyati (2010:193-194), teachers need
to consider the following things in
implementing active learning: (1) learning
objectives should be clearly demonstrated.
In this case, teachers must emphasize and
explain the learning objectives so that
learners can participate actively in
achieving them. (2) Teachers must inform
learners about the stages of learning and
what will be achieved at each stage in the
learning process. (3) Learners need clear
instructions for each activity. (4) Teachers
need to choose the appropriate active
learning techniques that fit the concepts
being taught, so that learning takes place
effectively. (5) Creating an active learning
climate. Psychologically, learners will feel
safe and comfortable in learning.
Conclusion
In conclusion, active learning
strategies are a form of overall
planning/approach related to the
implementation of active learning applied
by teachers in the learning process. In
active learning implementation, learners are
required to be active in every learning
activity, critical, develop themselves, and
empower all their potential so that they can
learn through various activities such as
reading, writing, speaking, listening, and
reflecting.
In active learning, teachers are
required to involve learners in every
activity and be able to have and determine
the appropriate learning methods to use.
The application of varied methods greatly
helps learners easily understand and carry
out learning activities well, so that the
learning process can run effectively,
efficiently, and achieve learning objectives.
Teachers' mastery of the use of appropriate
learning methods and techniques is
expected to make learners proud and happy
to learn and realize that learning is an
essential thing that must be done by every
generation. Learners are also expected to
realize that learning is the key to self-
improvement and their environment
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