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Printed Dual‐Frequency Directional Antenna Loaded With Dual‐Parasitic Strip

Wiley
Radio Science
Authors:
Chainarong Kittiyanpunya at Rajamangala University of Technology Rattanakosin
Chainarong Kittiyanpunya
Pongsathorn Chomdee at Navamindradhiraj University
Pongsathorn Chomdee
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Abstract and Figures

In this paper, the directional antenna is developed to construct the printed dual‐frequency directional antenna for a 1‐GHz/2.3‐GHz dual‐frequency sensor application. An auxiliary dipole element generating the higher resonant mode is set on a primary dipole element introducing the lower resonant mode. The feed balance is also designed to cover the desired frequency between two resonance frequencies, which is based on the microstrip line (MS) to coplanar stripline (CPS) transition. To realize the directional antenna, two reflector elements are utilized, and one of them is a stepped‐width reflector on reducing the size of the antenna. In addition, the parasitic strip works as the lumped element used to obtain good impedance matching. A series of simulations are performed on the MS‐to‐CPS transition, the dual dipole element, the reflectors, and the parasitic strip to determine the optimal antenna design. A prototype is fabricated based on the optimal results of the simulation. Concerning the measured results, the proposed antenna has well unidirectional radiations, good radiation efficiencies, and low cross‐polarization levels at any operating frequencies.
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1. Introduction
An antenna is an essential component of the microwave sensor and resembles the main gate of the sensor
system for transmitting and receiving waves. Many of the antennas for the sensors reported in the literature are
optimized to operate at the single frequency band (Limpiti & Krairiksh,2012; Seewattananpon etal., 2018;
Yeow You etal.,2013). However, the material's permittivity depends on the function of frequency (Hippel,1954;
Torrealba-Meléndez et al., 2016), and a better characterization of materials can be obtained by using the
multi-frequency band.
A two-band sensor is one of the interesting multi-bands. The design of the dual-band antenna has been used in
many sensor applications and can operate in either a contact (Khanna & Awasthi,2020; Samant etal.,2015)
or a non-contact mode (Ghretli etal.,2007). In addition, our research has been previously published as cited in
Kittiyanpunya etal.(2020), whose results indicated that the single-frequency scheme achieved lower accuracy in
the classification of pomelo. Therefore, many citations confirmed that the dual-frequency antenna is compatible
with the sensor application and has higher accuracy than using single-frequency antennas.
Recently, 1-GHz/2.3-GHz dual-frequency antennas have been deployed in pomelo quality assessment as referred
to (Kittiyanpunya etal.,2020) for radiating and capturing signals. However, the dual-frequency sensor system
shows a massive size and discomfort when installing adjacent antennas. In addition, it is found that the higher
frequency of dual-frequency antennas has a low gain and a low Front to Back Ratio (F/B ratio), that is, an antenna
being less directional and the reception from the front being poor. Thus, the sensor system can suffer the interfer-
ence signal since our sensor system operates closely in the ISM band.
As previously mentioned, the designed antenna for the dual-frequency sensor is mostly based on the split-ring
resonator and the microstrip antenna. However, their drawbacks include low gain, high cross-polarization, and
spurious radiation (Hansen,1987; Waterhouse,2003). These weaknesses are likely to disturb the accuracy of the
sensor when they are applied to the free-space technique. Among the developed techniques, gain enhancement
and cross-polarization reduction could also be realized by utilizing the substrate-integrated meandering probe
(Zhao & Lin,2016), the filtering technique (Zhang etal.,2019), and the metamaterial-based technique (Singh
etal., 2019). However, these antennas also suffer from sandwich construction and complex fabrication which
pose problems during the manufacturing process.
Abstract In this paper, the directional antenna is developed to construct the printed dual-frequency
directional antenna for a 1-GHz/2.3-GHz dual-frequency sensor application. An auxiliary dipole element
generating the higher resonant mode is set on a primary dipole element introducing the lower resonant mode.
The feed balance is also designed to cover the desired frequency between two resonance frequencies, which is
based on the microstrip line (MS) to coplanar stripline (CPS) transition. To realize the directional antenna, two
reflector elements are utilized, and one of them is a stepped-width reflector on reducing the size of the antenna.
In addition, the parasitic strip works as the lumped element used to obtain good impedance matching. A series
of simulations are performed on the MS-to-CPS transition, the dual dipole element, the reflectors, and the
parasitic strip to determine the optimal antenna design. A prototype is fabricated based on the optimal results of
the simulation. Concerning the measured results, the proposed antenna has well unidirectional radiations, good
radiation efficiencies, and low cross-polarization levels at any operating frequencies.
KITTIYANPUNYA AND CHOMDEE
© 2023. American Geophysical Union.
All Rights Reserved.
Printed Dual-Frequency Directional Antenna Loaded With
Dual-Parasitic Strip
Chainarong Kittiyanpunya1 and Pongsathorn Chomdee2
1Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Rattanakosin,
Salaya, Thailand, 2Department of Technology, Urban Community Development College, Navamindradhiraj University,
Bangkok, Thailand
Key Points:
• The impedance matching of
dual-frequency directional antenna
can be achieved by using the
dual-parasitic strip
• The feed balance is also designed to
cover the desired frequency between
two resonance frequencies, which is
based on the MS-to-CPS transition
• A stepped-width reflector is used for
reducing the size of the antenna
Correspondence to:
P.Chomdee,
pongsathorn.cho@nmu.ac.th;
chainarong.kit@rmutr.ac.th
Citation:
Kittiyanpunya, C., & Chomdee, P. (2023).
Printed dual-frequency directional
antenna loaded with dual-parasitic strip.
Radio Science, 58, e2023RS007680.
https://doi.org/10.1029/2023RS007680
Received 18 FEB 2023
Accepted 3 SEP 2023
Author Contributions:
Conceptualization: Chainarong
Kittiyanpunya
Data curation: Pongsathorn Chomdee
Formal analysis: Chainarong
Kittiyanpunya, Pongsathorn Chomdee
Methodology: Chainarong Kittiyanpunya
Resources: Pongsathorn Chomdee
Software: Chainarong Kittiyanpunya
Supervision: Chainarong Kittiyanpunya,
Pongsathorn Chomdee
Visualization: Chainarong Kittiyanpunya
Writing – original draft: Chainarong
Kittiyanpunya
Writing – review & editing: Chainarong
Kittiyanpunya, Pongsathorn Chomdee
10.1029/2023RS007680
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