Available via license: CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
Content may be subject to copyright.
ACÚSTICA E VIBRAÇ ÕE S
no. 53, dezembro 2021 157
News & Reviews
A&V n. 53 Editors
JORGE PATRÍCIO
acústica
7.a EDIÇÃO
REVISTA E AUMENTADA
Graduate Texts in Physics
Understanding
Acoustics
Steven L. Garrett
An Experimentalist’s View of Sound
and Vibration
Second Edition
Spatial Hearing
The Psychophysics of
Human Sound Localization
Jens Blauert (1997)
1st edition 1983
2nd, enlarged edition 1997
The MIT Press, Harvard MA,
ISBN 0-262-02413-6
Book Reviews
Issue 53 also receives reviews from the authors
In this issue of the magazine, this section has five book reviews. In
addition, there’s something new: the first two reviews were written by
the authors of the respective books themselves. The other three reviews
were under the charge of the editors of issue 53. Another novelty is
that all of them are also available in the English language (Portuguese
versions start on page 151).
We remind you that the reviews are written in an abbreviated and concise
way in order to summarize the content of the books (in matters related
to the various sciences that involve acoustics, vibrations, and audio) and
to provide information about their authors (to further contextualize the
works).
For this issue we bring reviews of the following books:
•Sound-Politics in São Paulo
Author: Leonardo Cardoso | Oxford Press, 2019
•Applied Dynamics (Dinâmica Aplicada)
Author: Roberto A. Tenenbaum | Editora Manole, 2016 (4 ed.)
•Acoustics in Buildings (Acústica nos Edifícios)
Author: Jorge Patrício | Publindústria, 2018 (7 ed.)
•Understanding Acoustics: An Experimentalist’s View of
Sound and Vibration
Author: Steven L. Garret | Springer, 2020
•Spatial Hearing: The Psychophysics of Human Sound
Localization
Author: Jens Blauert | MIT Press, 1996 (Rev. Ed.).
Leonardo Cardoso, professor at Texas A&M University, presents his
book on sound policy in São Paulo. Roberto Tenenbaum, professor
at UFSM, presents the fourth edition of his important work on the
understanding of Acoustics & Vibrations.
Then, one of the books by Jorge Patrício, a Portuguese reference in
Building Acoustics, is presented. The fourth book is “Understanding
Acoustics”, authored by Steven Garrett. Finally, the classic text by Prof.
Jens Blauert, “Spatial Audio”, is also presented.
We hope that reading the reviews will give you first understanding/im-
pressions about the works and will help you want to get to know them
in full: an excellent way to broaden your knowledge and keep up to date
in the field of Acoustics.
REVISTA DA SOCI EDADE BRASILEIRA DE ACÚSTICA (SOBRAC )DOI: 10.55753/aev.v36e53.164
158
News & Reviews
ACÚSTICA E VIBRAÇ ÕE S
no. 53, dezembro 2021
Leonardo Cardoso
•
1D
(author)
Department of
Performance Studies at
Texas A&M University
Austin, TX 78712,
USA
{cardoso}
@tamu.edu
Author: Leonardo Cardoso
Publisher: Oxford Univer-
sity Press
Year: 2019
Language: English
ISBN: 978-0190660093
doi:
10.1093/oso/9780190660093.001.0001
Sound-Politics in São Paulo
A sociological approach to urban noise
In Sound-Politics in São Paulo (Oxford University Press, 2019), Leo-
nardo Cardoso tries to answer a simple question: why does urban noise
persist without a solution in sight? Through a careful reading of laws,
technical standards, court rulings, newspaper collections, and interviews
with experts from various fields, the book proposes a sociological appro-
ach to the subject. Chapter 1 traces a history of the problem. Cardoso
examines complaints about noise in newspapers since the 1910s and the
successive attempts by municipal authorities to control these sounds.
For example, in São Paulo the concept of “noise pollution” began to
circulate in the press in the 60s and 70s with the arrival of jet planes
at Congonhas airport and the inauguration of the famous “Minhocão”.
The two cases show how the city has not only ignored the importance of
acoustics in urban planning but has contributed to making the problem
worse.
The second chapter analyzes debates involving two important technical
standards on environmental noise, the ABNT NBR 10151 and 10152.
Based on interviews, minutes of meetings, and participation in several
meetings, the author shows that the review of the two documents proved
to be difficult due to disagreements about the purpose of a technical
standard.
In Chapter 3, Cardoso analyzes debates on noise in the City Council of
São Paulo, SP. The author describes the various attempts by evangelical
groups, bars, and restaurants since the 1990s to exclude or minimize the
impact of anti-noise laws on their activities. The next chapter narrates the
many challenges that the military police and the Urban Silence Program -
PSIU (a municipal initiative created in 1994) face when trying to inspect
and punish noisy neighbors and commercial establishments. Chapter 5
addresses litigation involving noise in the second instance. The author
describes how this is a problem that permeates several fields of law, such
as criminal, public, civil (neighborhood law), and administrative law.
The chapter also shows that the topic is controversial among judges of
the São Paulo Court of Justice in their attempts to assess different types
of evidence.
Chapter 6 discusses the funk street dances known as “street pancadões”.
Following the controversy over the pancadão, Cardoso describes how the
groups studied in previous chapters (PSIU, Military Police, councilors,
etc.) sought to solve the problem.
The book concludes by proposing a multidisciplinary approach to the
initial questioning: why is this such a difficult problem to solve? The
author suggests that the study of urban noise involves the careful investi-
gation of four types of interrelated controversies: (1) “sound complexes”
(traffic, bar, industrial noise, etc.); (2) “axes of debate” (e.g. noise as a
public health issue or as a factor in crime); (3) “government dilemmas”
(which public agency should deal with the problem and how should it
do so?); and (4) “governance solutions” (e.g. should you control the
noise emitter or receiver?).
REVISTA DA SOCI EDADE BRASILEIRA DE ACÚSTICA (SOBRAC )
ACÚSTICA E VIBRAÇ ÕE S
no. 53, dezembro 2021 159
News & Reviews
Roberto A.
Tenenbaum
•
1D
(author)
Federal University of
Santa Maria
Av. Roraima nº 1000,
Cidade Universitária
Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
{ratenenbaum}
@gmail.com
Author: Roberto Tenenbaum
Publisher: Editora Manole
Year: 2016 (4 ed.)
Language: Portuguese
ISBN: 978-8520446775
Link: publisher
Applied Dynamics
A mechanics classic on the optics of acoustics and vibrations
The textbook Applied Dynamics (Dinâmica Aplicada), whose first edi-
tion dates from 1997, was conceived from lecture notes produced by
the author in the 1970s for the discipline Rational Mechanics, offered
in the introductory course for engineering qualifications at the Federal
University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Brazil. The notes imposed them-
selves on the author since the textbooks then available — translations
of works by North American authors (NAs) produced in the 1950s —
proved to be inadequate for Brazilian students. This inadequacy was due,
among other things, to the differences between the ways of thinking of
Brazilian students and NAs. These are used for programmed instruction.
Those, on the other hand, have a more chaotic — and therefore much
more creative — way of learning. This ended up resulting in a text
of approximately 700 pages with 8 chapters and 5 appendices whose
approach — contrary to that used by the aforementioned NAs authors
— is always from the general to the particular and, as the preface to
the 4
th
edition states: This option is deliberate and the initial difficulty
is apparent. The didactic experience has fully demonstrated the exact
opposite: the student, introduced to the concept in all its generality, gets
used to it quickly, easily mastering the simplifications that particular
cases insert, and above all, not hesitating in the face of more complex
situations.
Over several decades of teaching and six editions later (two in digi-
tal format and two produced in the USA by Springer-NY), the 2016
edition, naturally, has matured greatly and has had virtually all of its
errors corrected — although it is known that this is a task of Sisyphus.
However, what the author observed over that time were generations of
engineers with excellent training in Dynamics, which seems to indicate
the correctness of the methodological option adopted in the textbook.
The reader of this review may be wondering what this text is doing in
A&V journal. Well, Dynamics is the scientific discipline that studies
systems undergoing changes of state. In the human quest to understand
the world in which they live, scientists have found in the continuous
change of state what is most perennial in the Universe. As acoustics
and vibrations deal with changes of state, that is, fluctuations, it can be
safely said that Dynamics is the science that underlies the understanding
of A&V. That’s how this author came to Acoustics & Vibrations.
The author takes the opportunity to acknowledge the brilliant Professor
Emeritus of UFRJ, Luiz Bevilacqua, responsible for coordinating the
discipline offered in the 1970s in engineering at UFRJ, and for inviting
this author to compose the faculty of the discipline at the time. In the
Preface to the 1
st
Edition, he says, at the end: “This is a book I wish I
had written.”, of which I am very proud.
REVISTA DA SOCI EDADE BRASILEIRA DE ACÚSTICA (SOBRAC )
160
News & Reviews
ACÚSTICA E VIBRAÇ ÕE S
no. 53, dezembro 2021
Ranny L. X. N.
Michalski
•
1D
University of
São Paulo
Rua do Lago, 876
CEP 05508-080
São Paulo, SP, Brazil
{rannym}
@usp.br
JORGE PATRÍCIO
acústica
7.a EDIÇÃO
REVISTA E AUMENTADA
Author: Jorge Patrício
Publisher: Publindústria
Year: 2018 (7 ed.)
Language: Portuguese
ISBN: 978-9897232626
Link: publisher
Acoustics in Buildings
7th Edition, Revised and Enlarged
International reference in Portuguese
Acoustics in Buildings (Acústica nos Edifícios), authored by Jorge Patrí-
cio, is in its seventh edition, revised and expanded. Divided into eleven
chapters and an annex, the book provides fundamental information re-
garding the acoustic performance and acoustic quality of buildings,
along with assessment methodologies from the design phase to that
of buildings already constructed, in accordance with legislation and
international standards. With an outside-in approach, that is, from the
external to the internal environment, the work deals with issues such
as urban acoustics, airborne sound insulation, impact sound insulation,
vibrations and noise from equipment and building installations, flanking
transmissions, acoustic conditioning of closed spaces, sound absorption,
reverberation time and sound diffusion.
The author emphasizes the importance of thinking not only about the
building but also about the relationship with the surroundings and diffe-
rent sources of noise in order to achieve an integrated assessment of the
users’ acoustic comfort. He also emphasizes the importance of urban
planning for noise management and control.
The compatibility between acoustics and thermal dynamics, a very rele-
vant and complex topic, deserves to be highlighted. The eighth chapter
specifically addresses the interrelationship between acoustic require-
ments and thermal comfort and ventilation requirements. Tables are
presented relating the acoustic and thermal performance of different
elements and construction systems, as well as regulatory and norma-
tive requirements. An annotated transcript of the Building Acoustic
Requirements Regulation (RRAE) is presented in the tenth chapter,
with annotations by the author. Organizational charts of typical building
acoustics assessment procedures are also provided.
The last chapter presents constructive solutions, complementary tables,
and examples of exercises and tests. Finally, the annex presents other
methods to determine sound insulation, in addition to those presented
throughout the chapters.
Jorge Patrício, Ph.D. in civil engineering, is a researcher at LNEC (Na-
tional Civil Engineering Laboratory of Portugal) and president of the
Portuguese Society of Acoustics (SPA), among other relevant positions.
Author of several books and expressive publications on acoustics, he is
a great contributor to Brazilian acoustics.
An excellent international reference, which is easy to read in Portuguese,
the book Acoustics in Buildings (Acústica nos Edifícios) should be
present in the library of all acousticians. On the publisher’s website, it
is possible to see a small preview of the book and buy it (in electronic
and printed versions). The printed version can also be purchased on the
Brazilian Amazon website.
REVISTA DA SOCI EDADE BRASILEIRA DE ACÚSTICA (SOBRAC )
ACÚSTICA E VIBRAÇ ÕE S
no. 53, dezembro 2021 161
News & Reviews
Olavo M. Silva
•
1D
Federal University of
Santa Catarina
Rua Delfino Conti, s/n.
Campus Universitário
Trindade - 88040-370
Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
{olavo}
@lva.ufsc.br
Graduate Texts in Physics
Understanding
Acoustics
Steven L. Garrett
An Experimentalist’s View of Sound
and Vibration
Second Edition
Author: Steven L. Garret
Publisher: Springer
Year: 2020 (2 ed.)
Language: English
ISBN: 978-3030447878
doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-44787-8
Link: open-access
Understanding Acoustics:
An Experimentalist’s
View of Sound and Vibration
An “open” conversation about acoustics and vibrations
“Acoustics and vibration are the ’sciences of the subtle’.” This is one of
Steven L. Garrett’s first sentences in the second edition of his book, in
which he describes the fundamentals of these important areas of knowl-
edge. In a subtle way, it also presents the reader with all the concepts
found in consecrated texts through a conversation full of examples
and applications, without far-fetched mathematics, and always using
the first person singular or plural. With a modern language style and
several illustrations, it even makes use of scenes from renowned films to
facilitate the understanding among readers who are in the initial phase
of their training. The care taken with the theoretical basis throughout the
text is admirable, with several footnotes pointing to auxiliary reading or
even the presentation of concepts from other areas.
Steven L. Garret has a Ph.D. in Physics and has taught for 40 years at
several US institutions (UCLA, Naval Postgraduate School, and Penn
State University), and is currently a fellow of the Acoustical Society
of America. He has had a strong presence in experimental procedures
throughout his career, such as the development of sensors and thermo-
acoustic refrigerators, with dozens of registered patents. He is, in fact,
an “experimentalist.” Throughout the book, we get the impression that
Steven has already “seen” everything that is presented.
This work is divided into three parts (with 15 chapters, totaling 783
pages), starting from a preliminary section with mathematical founda-
tions, review of dimensional analysis, and notions of propagation of
uncertainties and data adjustment. The first part focuses on the area of
Vibrations, bringing all the concepts found in classic books, including
the analysis of discrete and continuous systems. Following the author’s
proposal, all topics are directly related to examples and experimental
tests, with sections dedicated to the description of types of transducers
and signal acquisition systems, including the determination of mecha-
nical properties of materials through vibration tests. The second part
is focused on Acoustics, starting from the fundamentals of hydrodyna-
mics, with a clear and illustrative way of presenting the main concepts
used in linear acoustics: propagation, reflection, transmission, refraction,
radiation, and scattering of waves; acoustic cavities; as well as sound
dissipation and attenuation mechanisms. As in the first part, many exam-
ples and practical tests are demonstrated. The third part is dedicated to
Non-Linear Acoustics, demystifying some concepts of this subject that,
for many, is still a black-box.
An open-access copy of the book can be obtained from the Springer
publisher’s website. A hard copy can be purchased on the Brazilian
Amazon website.
REVISTA DA SOCI EDADE BRASILEIRA DE ACÚSTICA (SOBRAC )
162
News & Reviews
ACÚSTICA E VIBRAÇ ÕE S
no. 53, dezembro 2021
William D’Andrea
Fonseca
•
1D
Federal University of
Santa Maria
Av. Roraima nº 1000,
Cidade Universitária
Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
{will.fonseca}
@eac.ufsm.br
Spatial Hearing
The Psychophysics of
Human Sound Localization
Jens Blauert (1997)
1st edition 1983
2nd, enlarged edition 1997
The MIT Press, Harvard MA,
ISBN 0-262-02413-6
Author: Jens Blauert
Publisher: MIT Press
Year: 1996 (Revised Ed.)
Language: English
ISBN: 978-0262268684
doi: 10.7551/mitpress/6391.001.0001
Link: open-access
Spatial Hearing: The Psychophysics of
Human Sound Localization
A classic of binaural technology now with open-access
The book Spatial Hearing was initially conceived in 1974, still in its
German version. In 1982, it earned an English version and in 1995, it
received a new Revised Edition. In the Revised Edition, a new chapter
(the fifth) was added with new information that emerged with the te-
chnological evolution of the set of methods that make up the so-called
“binaural technology”. As the author himself writes, 20 years have pas-
sed since its original release (until the revised version) and, in that time,
computers have ceased to be exclusive parts of laboratories to integrate
a space in people’s homes. Along with popularization came the advan-
cement in processing capabilities. Thus, what were once theories started
to become calculations performed in an offline way during the 90s, and
nowadays, almost 50 years after the original edition and almost 30 years
after the last edition, we can say that a good part of the documented
processing can take place in real-time (or online), either on computers
and/or mobile devices.
Downloaded from http://direct.mit.edu/books/book/chapter-pdf/671074/9780262268684_c000500.pdf by guest on 02 December 2021
202 Multiple Sound Sources, Enclosed Spaces
Figure 3.1
In calculating the ear input signals for n sound sources, 2n air paths must be taken
into consideration. The example shows two loudspeakers in the standard stereophonic
arrangement.
signals to each other. In its form for two alternating, unbiased signals,
this function may be expressed
as*
+T
21
T
J
.x(t)y(t
+
r)
dt
<I>x_h)
=
lim
____
-;:::T=======
+T
+T
T~oo
l
2T
J
x
2
(t)
dt
J
y
2
(t)
dt
-T
-T
x(t)y (t
+
r)
Xrms •
Yrms
(3.1)
Two signals whose normalized cross-correlation function has the
absolute value l for any value
of
r, that is, two functions for which
(3.2)
will be called "coherent." This
is
somewhat different from the use
of
the word in other areas
of
science.
t
As
defined here, two signals are
coherent
if
they are identical,
or
if
they differ only in one or more
of
the following
ways:
1.
Different amplitudes but the same waveform; that
is,
a level difference
t:i.L
that
is
independent
of
frequency.
*This
is
the form for power signals, that
is,
for signals with finite power. For energy
signals, that
is,
for signals with finite energy, the limit and the division by
l/(2T)
are
omitted, and the expression
is
integrated from
-oo
to +oo.
tSee Cremer (1976) for a more recent discussion
of
the use
of
the terms "coherence"
and "correlation."
Figura 2: Sound paths for a
stereo system (Figure 3.1
of the book).
As originally designed, the book covers
much of the knowledge needed to unders-
tand the physical phenomena of sound and
their relationships to the sound sensations
promoted. Thus, it builds a foundation on
the relevant topics in an easily readable text,
also is supported with graphics and illustra-
tions (see Figure 2). It is essential reading
for students, researchers and consultants wor-
king with spatial audio or virtual acoustics.
Although “only” around 500 pages long, the
book also doubles as a reference collection, pointing to over 900 biblio-
graphy items for the reader to delve deeper into the field.
The print run of the physical book (edited by MIT Press) is out of
print. However, for the happiness of enthusiasts in the area, the book
has become open-access, now fully available in PDF format on the
publisher’s website (see this link) — which is one of the reasons why
we bring this review to A&V.
The author, Professor Jens Blauert, from the University of Bochum,
Germany, has an extensive career in acoustics and hearing with dozens
of published articles as well as supervised doctoral theses. He is also the
author of several other books on the subject. On his profile at Research
Gate the reader may access much of his material and production. More
information can be also found at his website.
While still a graduate student, I had the pleasure of meeting Prof. Jens
in 2005 in Brazil. Recently, we were able to talk at the ICA 2019 event,
held in Aachen, Germany, but this time as a professor from the subject
of Auralization of the Acoustical Engineering Department at UFSM,
Brazil. Prof. Jens made a point of making more educational material
available when he learned that his works are widely used in the course.
REVISTA DA SOCI EDADE BRASILEIRA DE ACÚSTICA (SOBRAC )