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App to estimate the ultraviolet index in real time in the region of Puno, Peru
... Ciro Huamán, desarrolló en un aplicativo móvil, para estimar en tiempo real el IUV mediante un modelo y el sensor de luz de un teléfono celular, para ello desarrollo una aplicación en Android Studio (Huaman et al. 2023). ...
La estimación de la irradiación solar global, entre muchas aplicaciones sirve para identificar posibles lugares, como fuentes de energía renovable fotovoltaicas. También se utiliza para estimar el índice de irradiación solar ultravioleta (IUV). Debido a su ubicación geográfica, la región de Puno presenta valores muy altos de la irradiación solar global. El objetivo de este trabajo es estimar la irradiancia global a partir del modelo SBDART para cielos sin presencia de nubes, y comparar con las mediciones obtenidas de la estación meteorológica ubicada en la ciudad de Puno. En la metodología se clasifico 183 días, 2013 datos de cielos sin presencia de nubes, se utilizó el estadístico MBE, MABE, RMSE y el coeficiente de correlación. La estimación con el modelo, muestran que hay una relación inversa con los aerosoles presentes, mientras que la relación es directa con el albedo del lugar. La correlación entre el modelo y las mediciones es de 0,99 y 0,99 para los años 2022 y 2023 respectivamente. Los indicadores estadísticos utilizados clasifican al modelo como muy bueno. Por otro lado, el modelo SBDART permite también, estimar los valores del IUV. Se observa que, en la estación de verano, el IUV se registra valores de 19 y que se incrementan hasta fines de febrero durante el periodo de estudios, estos valores altos son extremadamente peligrosos según la OMS. Los casos clínicos del ministerio de salud, región Puno reportan cáncer de piel, desde los años 2020, 2021, 2022 y 2023 con 7, 21, 39 y 60 casos respectivamente. Mientras que los casos oculares, como cataratas, en los años 2020,2021 y 2022 fueron 825, 1194 y 1915 respectivamente. Se atribuye este incremento principalmente a la irradiación ultravioleta, no se descarta otros factores, demografía, dieta, y factores hereditarios.
This research aims to validate ultraviolet index data obtained from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) for the city of Puno. Data analysis was conducted on data from the DAVIS Vantage Pro 2 Plus meteorological station located in the city of Puno and data obtained from the OMI for the quadrant -70.540214, -15.982311, -69.540214, -14.982311. The comparison of the UV index data showed a linear correlation of 0.937 and an overestimation of values by the OMI; thus, a data correction equation was formulated for later analysis based on the linear regression of the maximum ultraviolet index values of both datasets at solar noon for the years 2016, 2017 and 2018. The evolution of the UV index shows clear seasonal behavior, both in the ground-based and satellite data, with maximum values obtained in summer and minimum values obtained in winter. The validation results show good correlation between the satellite data and ground-based measurements.
La excesiva exposición a la radiación solar, específicamente la ultravioleta (RUV), ha sido causa de diferentes enfermedades, en especial de cáncer de piel. En 1995 el Círculo Dermatológico del Perú realizó la primera “Campaña de Educación, Prevención y Detección Temprana de Cáncer de Piel y Melanoma” denominada el “Día del Lunar”. Fue oficializada por el Ministerio de Salud, y cuenta con la participación del Seguro Social de Salud (EsSalud). Es una campaña gratuita que se realiza cada año a nivel nacional, en ella, desde 1995 al 2011 se atendieron a 118 092 personas, en 76 sedes distribuidas en 18 ciudades de todo el país, en el 2,8% de estas se pudo identificar alguna lesión cutánea sospechosa de malignidad, de las cuales el 64,9% correspondió a carcinoma basocelular, 26,7% a melanoma cutáneo y 8,4% a carcinoma espinocelular. Estas campañas destacan en importancia no solo por la práctica asistencial en ellas realizada, sino por las actividades educativas orientadas a fomentar una cultura de prevención en favor de las poblaciones más vulnerables. Finalmente, consideramos que es fundamental seguir educando a la población en la prevención del cáncer de piel, crear conciencia en las autoridades para que participen activamente en la realización de estas actividades, además de solicitar a todos los médicos que se sumen coordinadamente a este esfuerzo para seguir avanzando y mejorar lo logrado en beneficio de nuestro país.
In the highland region of Puno-Peru, the Ultraviolet Radiation Index (IUV) on the international scale are higher than normal at certain seasons of the year and reflect high risk of erythema in people, alterations in the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem. For that reason an automatic radiometric station was installed and certified in the National University of the Altiplano, being the main objective the search of a spectral model of the IUV. We chose arbitrarily 6 days of clear sky without clouds, one day for each month from August of 2015. A good performance was demonstrated between the model and the measurements, being the correlation in average 0.99. Also the model allows to estimate the rate of ultraviolet radiation type B that is approximately 76.4% and 23.6% corresponds to type A, that is when the sun is at the zenith. On the other hand the measurements show a sinusoidal behavior noting some stability in the summer, the values Index daily maximum was on average of 14 from October until February. The dissemination of IUV data will inform, alert and sensitize the population of the harmful effects on health
This paper presents: the evolution of mobile telephony services in Latin America contextualized in different technology generations, the features of software for mobile devices, and proposes a method for developing mobile applications in Latin America. This method is based on the conceptualization of contemporary telecommunications technologies and the agile software development methodologies. The main objective of this method is to facilitate the creation and evaluation of new applications and services. The method is developed in five steps: the analysis stage, the requirements is obtained and classified and the service is customize; the design stage, in this stage is defined the technological and the solution is structured by some chart or diagram; the development stage, the design is implemented in a software product; the performance test stage, the application is emulates and simulates to adjusting details in the product, the software is installs in real equipment and is evaluated the performance and success; the delivery stage, the distribution channel of the application is defined, in order to adapt the application at the same. Furthermore, the paper presents the results of developing a m-health service in Android and J2ME using the proposed method, service for patients who need or wish to have regular monitoring of measurements of blood pressure and glucose. The service has a satisfactory evaluation with test users.
We present an overview of the theoretical and algorithmic aspects of the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) aerosol and surface UV algorithms. Aerosol properties are derived from two independent algorithms. The nearUV algorithm makes use of OMI observations in the 350-390 nm spectral region to retrieve information on the absorption capacity of tropospheric aerosols. OMI-derived information on aerosol absorption includes the UV Aerosol Index and absorption optical depth at 388 nm. The other algorithm makes use of the full UV-to-visible OMI spectral coverage to derive spectral aerosol extinction optical depth. OMI surface UV products include erythemally weighted daily dose as well as erythemal dose rate and spectral UV irradiances calculated for local solar noon conditions. The advantages and limitations of the current algorithms are discussed, and a brief summary of several validation and evaluation analysis carried out to assess the current level of uncertainty of these products is presented.
The increase in reports of novel diseases in a wide range of ecosystems, both terrestrial and marine, has been linked to many factors including exposure to novel pathogens and changes in the global climate. Prevalence of skin cancer in particular has been found to be increasing in humans, but has not been reported in wild fish before. Here we report extensive melanosis and melanoma (skin cancer) in wild populations of an iconic, commercially-important marine fish, the coral trout Plectropomus leopardus. The syndrome reported here has strong similarities to previous studies associated with UV induced melanomas in the well-established laboratory fish model Xiphophorus. Relatively high prevalence rates of this syndrome (15%) were recorded at two offshore sites in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park (GBRMP). In the absence of microbial pathogens and given the strong similarities to the UV-induced melanomas, we conclude that the likely cause was environmental exposure to UV radiation. Further studies are needed to establish the large scale distribution of the syndrome and confirm that the lesions reported here are the same as the melanoma in Xiphophorus, by assessing mutation of the EGFR gene, Xmrk. Furthermore, research on the potential links of this syndrome to increases in UV radiation from stratospheric ozone depletion needs to be completed.
Mobile phones or smartphones are rapidly becoming the central computer and communication device in people's lives. Application delivery channels such as the Apple AppStore are transforming mobile phones into App Phones, capable of downloading a myriad of applications in an instant. Importantly, today's smartphones are programmable and come with a growing set of cheap powerful embedded sensors, such as an accelerometer, digital compass, gyroscope, GPS, microphone, and camera, which are enabling the emergence of personal, group, and communityscale sensing applications. We believe that sensor-equipped mobile phones will revolutionize many sectors of our economy, including business, healthcare, social networks, environmental monitoring, and transportation. In this article we survey existing mobile phone sensing algorithms, applications, and systems. We discuss the emerging sensing paradigms, and formulate an architectural framework for discussing a number of the open issues and challenges emerging in the new area of mobile phone sensing research.
Increased incident ultraviolet (UV) radiation due to ozone depletion has heightened interest in plant responses to UV because solar UV wavelengths can reduce plant genome stability, growth, and productivity. These detrimental effects result from damage to cell components including nucleic acids, proteins, and membrane lipids. As obligate phototrophs, plants must counter the onslaught of cellular damage due to prolonged exposure to sunlight. They do so by attenuating the UV dose received through accumulation of UV-absorbing secondary metabolites, neutralizing reactive oxygen species produced by UV, monomerizing UV-induced pyrimidine dimers by photoreactivation, extracting UV photoproducts from DNA via nucleotide excision repair, and perhaps transiently tolerating the presence of DNA lesions via replicative bypass of the damage. The signaling mechanisms controlling these responses suggest that UV exposure also may be beneficial to plants by increasing cellular immunity to pathogens. Indeed, pathogen resistance can be enhanced by UV treatment, and recent experiments suggest DNA damage and its processing may have a role.
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation has a great impact on human health. Nowadays, the public basically gets information about UV radiance through weather forecasts. However, weather forecasts just provide rough and average predication for a certain large region. Since CMOS sensors in mobile phone cameras are very sensitive to UV, mobile phones have potential to be ideal equipment to measure UV radiance. This paper introduced a method that can measure UV radiance by just using mobile phone cameras. In addition, by utilizing fog computing, results can be gathered and amended locally through fog server to provide relatively accurate UV measurement. In this paper, advantages of using mobile phones to do UV measurement were discussed at first. Then, theoretical foundations were meticulously illustrated. Later, a procedure that can be implemented in mobile phones was provided. Furthermore, an Android app called UV Meter was developed based on the procedure. At last, verification was conducted under different weather conditions. Results showed that the procedure is valid and can be easily implemented onto mobile phones for everyday UV measurement.
En el presente trabajo se exponen las mediciones de la radiación ultravioleta tipo A; la de tipo B y el INDICE en la ciudad de Upina – Puno. La dependencia entre el INDICE y la radiación ultravioleta fue investigada y se encontró un excelente grado de asociación. Sé observo que el INDICE es 1.6 veces la radiación ultravioleta tipo B, mientras que el INDICE es 3.207 veces el tipo A. Posteriormente en la Universidad Nacional del Altiplano, se ha medido la radiación ultravioleta tipo B para cielos despejados sin nubes. A partir de estos datos se ha estimado el INDICE, notándose un incremento de 5,92 hasta 9,376, desde el 28 de setiembre el 20 de noviembre del 2014. Si se considera la radiación tipo A y el efecto espejo del lago Titicaca, los valores del ÍNDICE son mayores a 12 para el mes de noviembre, que es el valor máximo permitido por la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Para obtener los valores estimados de la radiación ultravioleta tipo A y tipo B en cielos claros, se ha utilizado el modelo parametrico, programado en MATLAB. El modelo explica el comportamiento de la radiación para cielos parciamente nublados, notándose que las características de las nubes pueden aumentar o disminuir dicha radiación
Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars Williams-82 and Maverick were grown in a polycarbonate greenhouse (P-GH), a glass greenhouse (G-GH), and outdoors during daytime (control) to investigate the effect of (i) exclusion of both ultraviolet B (UV-B, 280–320 nm) and ultraviolet A (UV-A, 320–400 nm), (ii) exclusion of UV-B only, and (iii) exposure to daytime solar UV radiation (09:00–17:00 h local time daily). Both the P-GH and the G-GH were maintained at day/night air temperatures of 30/22 °C. The purpose was to quantify the growth differences due to partial and total UV exclusion compared with the control. Exclusion of both UV-B and UV-A radiation caused elongated internodes on the plants, which resulted in greater plant height. Mean mainstem length of Williams-82 was 50.2 cm for the control, but they were 45% and 237% greater for excluded UV-B radiation only and both excluded UV-B and UV-A radiation, respectively. Similarly, mean mainstem length of Maverick was 55.2 cm for the control, but they were 52% and 198% greater for excluded UV-B only and both excluded UV-B and UV-A, respectively. There also was a slight increase in the number of nodes with increasing extent of UV radiation exclusion. The mean final V-stage of Williams-82 was 14.2 for the control, but they were 11% and 18% greater for excluded UV-B only and both excluded UV-B and UV-A, respectively. Likewise, the mean final V-stage of Maverick was 14.5 for the control, but they were 12% and 22% greater for excluded UV-B only and both excluded UV-B and UV-A, respectively. With exclusion of both UV-B and UV-A, pod yield for the Maverick cultivar was greater but this effect was not as clear for the Williams-82 cultivar. In summary, most of the total UV-exclusion effects were due to the exclusion of the UV-A radiation component. Finally, UV spectral transmission of greenhouse or controlled environment covering material should be considered before conducting research on plants, or producing plants commercially, that are sensitive to UV exclusion, such as certain grain legumes or horticultural crops.
Laboratory methods to simulate the short- and long-term ageing occuring during the service life of pure and polymer modified bitumens in a pavement are standardized but none of them takes into account the influence of UV radiations. If the impact of thermal ageing on the degradation of SBS elastomers in bitumens has been extensively studied, there is not study dealing with the photo-oxidation of these copolymers in a bituminous matrix. So, the aim of our study was to investigate, by FTIR spectrometry and SEC chromatography, whether the architecture of elastomers (linear or radial) might have any influence on their ageing by UV radiation in a bituminous matrix. The results show that the elastomers oxidation kinetic, unlike the disappearance kinetic of trans-butadiene double bond, does not depend on their architecture. But, when putted into the same base bitumen, the two copolymers show exactly the same oxidation kinetic and the same decreasing kinetic of trans-butadiene double bond. So, this study has revealed that inside the bituminous matrix, on the one hand, the elastomers architecture does not influence on its degradation when submitted to UV radiation and, on the other hand, there is a “protection” of the elastomers by the studied bitumen towards UV radiation.
Evapotranspiration is one of the most important elements for quantifying available water since it generally constitutes the
largest component of the terrestrial water cycle. This study evaluated four models (Makkink, Turc, Priestley–Taylor and Hargreaves)
commonly used to estimate monthly reference crop evapotranspiration (ETo) values. The main aim of this study was to determine the model used to estimate ETo with small data requirements and high accuracy for twelve synoptic stations in four climates of Iran. The results showed
that the Turc model was the best suited model in estimating ETo for cold humid and arid climates. The Hargreaves model turned out to be the most precise model under warm humid and semi-arid
climatic conditions. In contrast, the Makkink model presented the poorest estimates in all of the climates exception for cold
humid environment. In cold humid climate, the Hargreaves model was the least accurate model in estimating ETo. In general, the results obtained from this study revealed very clearly that the Makkink and Priestley–Taylor models estimated
ETo values less accurately than Turc and Hargreaves models for the all climates.
KeywordsReference crop evapotranspiration-Penman–Monteith FAO 56-Climatic conditions-Iran
The purpose of this paper is to review procedures which are used for the evaluation of the durability of polymer coatings. In particular, methods of environmental acceleration and techniques of assessment of coating degradation have been examined, with an emphasis upon those which may produce reliable fast answer durability predictions. The advantages and disadvantages of the various exposure regimes currently used (such as Florida exposure, EMMAQUA or artificial light sources) have been discussed in terms of correlation with actual durability data and of degree of acceleration. A general rule of thumb is that the correlation of accelerated methods with natural exposure is inversely proportional to the degree of acceleration used. The common physical methods used to assess the extent of coating durability have been presented, with the general drawbacks to these techniques being highlighted. Finally, the benefits and drawbacks of a number of chemical techniques (in particular electron spin resonance (ESR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), hydroperoxide determination and chemiluminescence), which in principal could provide durability information in a fraction of the time of the physical techniques mentioned earlier, have been discussed. Of these, both ESR and FTIR spectroscopy show particular potential because of the short exposure times necessary to obtain significant results under UVA exposure.
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