Article

The impact of specific program components on romantic relationship satisfaction

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Abstract

Objective The goal was to determine if time spent in specific Healthy Marriage Initiative program components (relationship education courses, supplemental activities, and family support services) was associated with future relationship satisfaction and to examine if effects differed depending on the degree of economic disadvantage. Background Healthy Marriage Initiatives (HMI) generally have small, short‐term positive effects on relationship outcomes. It remains unclear, however, which programming components are responsible for those effects and for whom programming is most effective. Method Using two waves of data from over 2,000 lower‐income couples in the Supporting Healthy Marriages study, we conducted path models and a multigroup model to address our research aims. Results Time spent in family support services was the only component positively associated with future satisfaction, controlling for the influence of other program components, initial relationship satisfaction, and expectations of the program's effectiveness. Economic disadvantage did not moderate any of these associations. Conclusion Results suggest that many HMI programs may potentially be beneficial to relationship functioning because of the provision of supplementary support services that partially aim to alleviate external stressors and provide personalized assistance to families. Implication s Practitioners should not only consider how relationship education programming may influence intimate bonds, but also how complementary programs may also factor into program efficacy.

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... Our findings not only advance theoretical discussions regarding the contextual embeddedness of family processes but also have important implications for practitioners working with families in various cultural and subcultural groups. Empirical research has shown that family-supportive programs can enhance romantic-relationship satisfaction (Kanter et al., 2024), and evaluations of existing intervention programs based on diverse populations in the United States have consistently found that interventions targeting couples' relationships can benefit the development of couples' children (Pruett et al., 2017). In Chinese communities, intervention programs that aim to enhance child welfare perhaps should extend their efforts from parent-child dyads to interparental relations and should adopt emerging adapted or indigenized interventions for couples (Hsiao & Li, 2022). ...
... Our findings not only advance theoretical discussions regarding the contextual embeddedness of family processes but also have important implications for practitioners working with families in various cultural and subcultural groups. Empirical research has shown that family-supportive programs can enhance romantic-relationship satisfaction (Kanter et al., 2024), and evaluations of existing intervention programs based on diverse populations in the United States have consistently found that interventions targeting couples' relationships can benefit the development of couples' children (Pruett et al., 2017). In Chinese communities, intervention programs that aim to enhance child welfare perhaps should extend their efforts from parent-child dyads to interparental relations and should adopt emerging adapted or indigenized interventions for couples (Hsiao & Li, 2022). ...
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The ways that couples form and manage their intimate relationships at higher and lower levels of socioeconomic status (SES) have been diverging steadily over the past several decades. At higher SES levels, couples postpone marriage and childbirth to invest in education and careers, but they eventually marry at high rates and have relatively low risk for divorce. At lower SES levels, couples are more likely to cohabit and give birth prior to marriage and less likely to marry at all. This review examines how SES comes to be associated with the formation, development, and dissolution of intimate relationships. Overall, research has highlighted how a couple's socioeconomic context facilitates some choices and constrains others, resulting in different capacities for relationship maintenance and different adaptive mating strategies for more and less advantaged couples. A generalizable relationship science requires research that acknowledges these differences and one that recruits, describes, and attends to socioeconomic diversity across couples. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Psychology, Volume 72 is January 4, 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Relationship education is widely used to help people develop and sustain healthy romantic relationships. We first provide a review on the current state of evidence and key issues in the field, laying a foundation for suggesting specific best practices in relationship education. We focus on services provided to couples but also address the burgeoning field of relationship education with individuals. Although there are many gaps in the knowledge informing best practices—such as mechanisms of effect and dose—decades of research and experience provide a strong basis for specific recommendations. The hallmark of an evidence‐based, best‐practice approach lies in making thoughtful decisions based on current knowledge, the goals of the effort, the population served, and available resources.
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Personalised support services assist patients with severe and persistent mental illness (SPMI) to live with functional deficits by providing living skills, emotional support, community access and advocacy. This paper aims to systematically review the evidence for personalised support. Systematic searches of Medline, PsycINFO and Google Scholar (inception to March 2011) identified studies investigating patient outcomes for personalised support services. The quality of the selected studies was assessed. The strength of evidence for the three categories of patient outcomes (illness acuity, personal functioning and patient satisfaction) was graded. Fifteen studies met inclusion criteria with most rated as having moderate or weak study designs. The selected studies evaluated programs for outpatients with SPMI. There was moderate strength of evidence for reducing illness acuity and improving patient satisfaction with services, and weak strength of evidence for improving personal functioning in studies published to date. Most programs delivered multiple service types, and no clear pattern of service types leading to specific patient outcomes could be discerned. Although evidence published to date for personalised support is of variable quality, it suggests that services may be effective. More research on the effects of personalised support subtypes on patient outcomes is required.
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Improving intimate relationships with preventive and educational interventions has proven to be more difficult than originally conceived, and earlier models and approaches may be reaching their limits. Basic concerns remain about the long-term effectiveness of these interventions, whether they are reaching and benefiting couples most likely to need them, and how they might be exerting their effects. We identify six problems that we believe are hindering progress in the field, and for each we outline research findings that point to new ways forward. These problems include (a) the incomplete understanding of couple communication and unwarranted translation of communication findings into interventions; (b) the surprising stability of relationship satisfaction; (c) the powerful roles that personal histories, personalities, and stress play in determining relationship outcomes; (d) the difficulties involved in recruiting and retaining high-risk couples in intervention programs; (e) the lack of attention given to specific stages of relationship development in interventions; and (f) the tendency to deliver preventive and educational interventions in the same format as therapies for distressed couples. We conclude by noting that a large body of basic research about intimate relationships, and large-scale outcome research with diverse populations, hold great promise for advancing the field.
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Avellar, S. L., Shiferaw, C., & Lee, J. (2021). Supporting healthy relationships: Final report on the 2015 cohort of healthy marriage adult grantees serving adults (OPRE Report 2021-170). Office of Planning, Research, and Evaluation, Administration for Children and Families, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
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Burnside, A. (2021). Key findings from National Child Tax Credit Survey: CTC monthly payments are helping improve family well-being. Center for Law and Social Policy. https://www.clasp.org/publications/report/brief/key-findingsnational-child-tax-credit-survey-ctc-monthly-payments-are/
Supporting Healthy Marriage evaluation: Eight sites within the United States
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Hsueh, J. A., & Knox, V. (2014). Supporting Healthy Marriage evaluation: Eight sites within the United States, 2003-2013 (ICPSR 34420; Version V2) [Data set]. ICPSR. https://doi.org/10.3886/ICPSR34420.v2
Healthy marriage initiative spending and U.S. marriage & divorce rates, a state-level analysis (FP-14-02)
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Manning, W. D., Brown, S. L., Payne, K. K., & Wu, H. S. (2014). Healthy marriage initiative spending and U.S. marriage & divorce rates, a state-level analysis (FP-14-02). National Center for Family & Marriage Research. http://www.bgsu.edu/content/dam/BGSU/college-of-arts-and-sciences/NCFMR/documents/FP/FP-14-02_
Office of Planning, Research and Evaluation, Administration for Children and Families
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