THE ROLE OF EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHY AS THE FOUNDATION FOR TEACHER STRENGTHENING IN SCHOOLS

Abstract

Education is one of the most important things in life, where there is a process of seeking information so that those who initially don't know become familiar with it, and those who don't understand become familiar with it. To educate people and make them knowledgeable, humans known as teachers or educators are needed. This study uses the library research method, which aims to collect information relevant to the problem or topic being studied. The information obtained comes from research reports, scientific books, scientific essays, theses and dissertations, statutes, regulations, yearbooks, encyclopedias, and other written sources, both printed and from other electronic sources. Overall, the authors can conclude that philosophy plays an important role as a basis for strengthening teaching in schools. Educational philosophy can provide guidance to teachers in carrying out their roles and obligations as educators who are encouraged and imitated in teaching and learning activities in schools, especially in the classroom.

Full text

THE ROLE OF EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHY AS THE FOUNDATION FOR TEACHER
STRENGTHENING IN SCHOOLS
Fadhilah Khairani1, Tuti Handayani2, Darwin Effendi 3, Yenny Puspita4
1,2,3,4Pascasarjana Universitas PGRI Palembang
E-mail: 1rcipao@gmail.com, 2handayanituti1207.th@gmail.com, 3darwinpasca2010@gmail.com,
4yenny_puspitaa@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
Education is one of the most important things in life, where there is a process
of seeking information so that those who initially don't know become familiar
with it, and those who don't understand become familiar with it. To educate
people and make them knowledgeable, humans known as teachers or
educators are needed. This study uses the library research method, which aims
to collect information relevant to the problem or topic being studied. The
information obtained comes from research reports, scientific books, scientific
essays, theses and dissertations, statutes, regulations, yearbooks,
encyclopedias, and other written sources, both printed and from other
electronic sources. Overall, the authors can conclude that philosophy plays an
important role as a basis for strengthening teaching in schools. Educational
philosophy can provide guidance to teachers in carrying out their roles and
obligations as educators who are encouraged and imitated in teaching and
learning activities in schools, especially in the classroom.
___________________________
Keywords: philosophy, foundation, teaching reinforcement, teacher
1. INTRODUCTION
The emergence of education in Indonesia
marks the beginning of the expansion of both
knowledge and scientific understanding in the
country. Ontology, epistemology, and axiology
are three key fields of philosophy that play a
significant role in comprehending and
interpreting both science and knowledge.
Axiology is the study of the ends to which we
should direct our attention. The study of
ontology focuses on the characteristics of
existence, including the essence of objects and
what makes up reality. On the other hand,
epistemology is concerned with the numerous
methods by which one can acquire knowledge
as well as the nature of knowledge itself.
Lastly, axiology is the subfield of philosophy
that discusses the nature of values as well as
what is and is not appropriate behavior and
what should be accomplished..
Philosophy is an essential part of the
process of interpreting the findings of many
branches of research or knowledge, and it
plays an important role in assisting individuals
in better comprehending the nature of things
and the world in which they live. Individuals
can develop a more in-depth comprehension of
how science operates, how information is
obtained, and how values are incorporated into
scientific inquiry if they devote some of their
time to studying the philosophy of science.In
addition, philosophy plays a significant role in
Accepted :
10 April 2023
Published :
10 July 2023
Corresponding Author:
Tuti Handayani
Email Corresponding :
handayanituti1207.th@gmail.com

227
Fadhilah Khairani1, Tuti Handayani2, Darwin Effendi 3, Yenny Puspita4
Vol 6, No 2 (2023): ESTEEM
THE ROLE OF EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHY AS THE FOUNDATION FOR TEACHER
STRENGTHENING IN SCHOOLS
the area of science since it teaches scientists
and researchers how to critically assess their
findings and how to question assumptions that
could lead to incorrect conclusions. This
makes philosophy an important part of the
field of science. They are able to evaluate their
scientific discoveries and hypotheses via
philosophical inquiry, putting them to the test
in comparison to previously established
theories and ideas. They will be able to verify
that their study is rigorous, accurate, and
reliable by following this procedure.
Philosophy also helps scientists and
researchers build appealing arguments and
defend their views with logical reasoning, both
of which are vital talents for their line of work
and can be gained through the study of
philosophy. If students use philosophical
concepts like deductive and inductive
reasoning, they will be able to construct a
sound basis for their arguments and come up
with convincing evidence to back up their
assertions. Furthermore, science not only
addresses the nature (ontology) of knowledge
but also how (epistemology) this knowledge
can be changed into knowledge with real-
world applications (axiology) (Suedi, 2016:25).
In other words, ontology is the study of the
origin of knowledge, while epistemology is the
study of how knowledge is acquired.
The three pillars around which science is
built are extremely helpful in pointing
researchers in the right direction as they
investigate how science itself may be improved.
These foundations provide a framework that
scientists can use to investigate the nature of
reality, as well as the techniques and methods
used to study it, as well as the principles and
ethics that govern scientific inquiry. There are
various phenomena that can be noticed in the
treatment, attitudes, and behaviors of people in
today's society, all of which are also
researched in the discipline of philosophy. For
example, in the field of education, it is the
responsibility of teachers to instruct their
students while they are present in the
classroom. This has a very tight connection to
the scientific philosophy that is inherently
present in all people in some form or another.
Teachers have a responsibility to their students
to deliver the highest quality education that
they are capable of in order to cultivate the
nation's future generations by teaching them
knowledge, ethics, and values.
Philosophy has the potential to provide
educators with a rock-solid basis, enabling
them to generate fantastic ideas and construct
high-quality educational experiences that
contribute to the growth of their students'
personalities. When teachers incorporate
philosophical ideas into their teaching
practices and then employ those practices in
their classrooms, they are able to build
effective instructional strategies that not only
impart knowledge to their students but also
instill in them ethical ideals and virtues. This is
because these strategies are built on the
foundation of philosophical principles.
For instance, teachers who take the time to
instruct their pupils on the fundamentals of
axiology have the opportunity to instill in their
pupils the values of empathy, respect, and

228
Fadhilah Khairani1, Tuti Handayani2, Darwin Effendi 3, Yenny Puspita4
Vol 6, No 2 (2023): ESTEEM
THE ROLE OF EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHY AS THE FOUNDATION FOR TEACHER
STRENGTHENING IN SCHOOLS
tolerance. These are the kinds of characteristics
that are required in order to thrive in a culture
that has a great deal of cultural variety. By
incorporating epistemological principles such
as critical thinking and problem-solving
abilities into their teachings, teachers can
better train their students to manage the
complex concerns and obstacles that they will
confront in the real world.
As a result, with the title "The Role of
Educational Philosophy as a Foundation for
Strengthening Teaching to Teachers in
Schools," the author wishes to discuss in depth
the philosophy of science in relation to
education.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
A. Definition of Philosophy
The origin of the word "philosophy" can
be traced back to its roots in the Arabic and
Greek languages. The Arabic word
"philosophie" has its equivalent in the Greek
word "philosophia." The word "philosophia" is
derived from the two Greek words "philein"
and "sophia." "Philein" means "love," while
"sophia" means "wisdom." Therefore, the
etymology of "philosophia" means "love of
wisdom" or "lover of wisdom."
However, this literal translation of
"philosophia" as "love of wisdom" does not
fully capture the active pursuit and acquisition
of wisdom that characterize the true nature of
philosophy. Achmadi (2001) argued that the
word "love" in this context suggests a passive
appreciation for wisdom rather than an active
pursuit and acquisition of it. Therefore, the true
essence of philosophy is not merely to love
wisdom but to actively seek and acquire it
through inquiry, reflection, and critical
thinking. This is what distinguishes a
philosopher as a seeker or pursuer of wisdom.
According to Muliadi (2020), philosophy
is the mother of all sciences. He contributed
and played a role as the mother who gave birth
to and helped develop science so that science
could live and develop. Philosophy provides a
foundation for science to be accountable for its
knowledge, as it demands that every step be
subject to questioning and objections that can
be defended through rational arguments based
on objective evidence. This means that the
scientific community must be transparent in
their research and accountable for their
conclusions, so that the knowledge produced is
reliable and can be trusted.
Furthermore, philosophy guides scientists
in formulating hypotheses and theories,
designing experiments, and interpreting the
results of their research. By applying
philosophical concepts such as logic,
epistemology, and metaphysics, scientists can
ensure that their work is grounded in a rigorous
and systematic framework that is both rational
and verifiable. In this way, philosophy helps
science maintain its integrity and credibility
while also facilitating the discovery of new
knowledge and insights about the natural world.
The definition of philosophy was also put
forward by Lubis (2015), who said that,
philosophy encompasses a range of technical
disciplines, such as logic, aesthetics, ethics,
metaphysics, and epistemology. Logic is
concerned with the principles of reasoning and
correct thinking, while aesthetics is concerned

229
Fadhilah Khairani1, Tuti Handayani2, Darwin Effendi 3, Yenny Puspita4
Vol 6, No 2 (2023): ESTEEM
THE ROLE OF EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHY AS THE FOUNDATION FOR TEACHER
STRENGTHENING IN SCHOOLS
with the nature of beauty and artistic
experience. Ethics, on the other hand, deals
with questions of morality and how we should
live our lives. Metaphysics is concerned with
the nature of reality and the fundamental
principles that govern the universe.
Finally, epistemology is concerned with
knowledge and how we acquire it, as well as
the criteria we use to determine what counts as
knowledge. Taken together, these different
disciplines constitute the broad field of
philosophy, which seeks to explore the most
fundamental questions about the nature of
existence, the human condition, and the world
around us.
From some of the definitions above, it can
be concluded that philosophy is a science that
studies the search for meanings and proves
their truth based on human life experience.
B. The Meaning of Education
The definition of education according to
SISDIKNAS Law No. 20 of 2003 emphasizes
that education is a conscious and planned
effort. This means that education should not
happen by chance but rather be intentional and
well thought out. The goal of education is to
create a learning atmosphere and process that
enable students to actively develop their
potential. The potential being developed here
includes religious and spiritual strength, self-
control, personality, intelligence, noble
character, and the skills needed for themselves
and society.
The definition of education encompasses
various aspects that are crucial for an
individual's overall development. The mention
of religious and spiritual strength highlights the
significance of faith and spirituality in shaping
one's personality. It emphasizes the importance
of cultivating a sense of purpose and direction
in life through spiritual and moral values.
Additionally, self-control is an essential
attribute that individuals must develop to make
informed decisions and act responsibly. This
quality helps individuals maintain discipline
and resist impulses that can lead to harmful
consequences.
Furthermore, personality development is a
critical aspect of education. It is essential to
help individuals become well-rounded and
confident in their interactions with others.
Developing intelligence, both academic and
emotional, is also vital for education. This
development enables individuals to think
critically, solve problems, and empathize with
others. By honing these skills, individuals can
navigate the complex challenges of life and
achieve success.
The concept of noble character refers to
the development of values such as honesty,
integrity, and compassion. These values help
individuals become responsible and caring
members of society. They help individuals lead
ethical and moral lives, build positive
relationships with others, and contribute to the
well-being of society as a whole.
Lastly, the development of skills is crucial
in preparing individuals for the workforce and
enabling them to contribute meaningfully to
society. By acquiring various skills,
individuals can pursue their interests and
achieve success in their chosen fields. In
summary, the definition of education covers a
wide range of areas that are essential for an

230
Fadhilah Khairani1, Tuti Handayani2, Darwin Effendi 3, Yenny Puspita4
Vol 6, No 2 (2023): ESTEEM
THE ROLE OF EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHY AS THE FOUNDATION FOR TEACHER
STRENGTHENING IN SCHOOLS
individual's holistic development, including
spiritual and moral values, self-control,
personality development, intelligence, noble
character, and skill development.
Overall, the definition of education
according to SISDIKNAS Law No. 20 of 2003
highlights the holistic nature of education,
encompassing not just academic knowledge
but also personal and spiritual development,
character building, and skill development. It
emphasizes that education is not just about
imparting knowledge but also about creating a
nurturing environment that enables individuals
to realize their full potential and become
productive members of society.
In addition, according to Nurkholis (2013),
education is not only limited to the classroom
but also encompasses the whole process of
guiding and nurturing a child's physical and
spiritual growth from birth to maturity. This
growth is influenced by the child's
environment, including family, society, and
nature. Therefore, both parents and teachers
have a shared responsibility for providing a
conducive environment for children's growth
and development.
Education, in this sense, is not just about
providing knowledge and skills but also about
shaping the character and values of the child to
become a responsible and productive member
of society. Through education, children can
learn how to interact positively with their
surroundings and contribute to their
communities. The meaning of education is a
human effort to grow and develop the potential
of both physical and spiritual innate abilities in
accordance with the values that exist in society
and culture. Education and culture exist
together and promote each other (Rahman BP,
et al.: 2022). Education in Indonesia is not only
aimed at providing knowledge and skills to
students but also plays a crucial role in shaping
their character.
It is essential that education in Indonesia is
based on the principles of Pancasila, the
philosophical foundation of the Indonesian
nation, and the 1945 Constitution, the country's
fundamental law. The role of a teacher in
Indonesian education is particularly crucial, as
teachers play a significant role in educating
and teaching students in Indonesia. Teachers
are responsible for imparting knowledge,
developing skills, and shaping the character of
their students. They must not only educate but
also instill moral values and ethics, teaching
students how to behave properly so that they
can carry themselves with dignity and respect,
and be able to adapt to any situation they
encounter.
In Indonesia, teachers are expected to be
role models for their students, demonstrating
the values and principles that they teach. They
are also responsible for creating a conducive
learning environment, where students can feel
comfortable and motivated to learn. Teachers
must be able to adapt to different learning
styles and abilities, and be willing to provide
additional support to those who need it.
Indonesia's education system also recognizes
the importance of teaching students about the
country's history and culture, as well as
promoting multiculturalism and tolerance.
Students learn about the country's diverse
ethnic and religious groups, and are taught to

231
Fadhilah Khairani1, Tuti Handayani2, Darwin Effendi 3, Yenny Puspita4
Vol 6, No 2 (2023): ESTEEM
THE ROLE OF EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHY AS THE FOUNDATION FOR TEACHER
STRENGTHENING IN SCHOOLS
respect and appreciate the differences that exist
among them.
In conclusion, the purpose of education in
Indonesia is not limited to imparting
information and abilities; rather, it also plays a
key role in the development of the students'
personalities. It is impossible to separate the
job of a teacher in Indonesian education from
the Pancasila ideals and the Constitution of
1945. Teachers not only have the responsibility
of educating their pupils, but they also have an
important role to play in forming the students'
moral values and ethical standards. In
Indonesia, students look up to their teachers as
role models and want them to foster an
environment that is favorable to learning while
also encouraging multiculturalism and
tolerance.
C. The Development of Educational
Philosophy in Schools
In general, the goal of education is to equip
students with the knowledge, skills, attitudes,
and values that will allow them to effectively
operate in both their personal and societal lives.
The objective of education is not merely to
acquire academic knowledge; rather, it is to
develop all elements of a person, including
their physical self, emotional self, social self,
and moral self. Students benefit from
education because it teaches them skills that
will be useful throughout their lives, such as
how to think critically, communicate clearly,
work effectively with others, and make
decisions based on accurate information.
Students get the agency to pursue their
individual interests and passions, to seek
careers, to contribute to their communities, and
to be responsible and engaged citizens as a
result of their educational experiences.
According to Amka (2019), education is
not only a necessary instrument for individual
and societal growth but also a way of ensuring
the overall well-being and advancement of
society as a whole. It is impossible to
exaggerate the importance of philosophy in the
field of education since it acts as a compass for
all of the various educational theories and
methods that are now in use. In particular, it
directs researchers and educators. The practice
of philosophical inquiry and reasoning assists
educators in developing a crystal-clear grasp of
the goal and significance of education, as well
as the institution's guiding ideals and principles,
as well as the strategies and procedures that
can be applied to effectively educate pupils.
Philosophy provides a conceptual
framework for education, helping educators to
think critically and systematically about the
issues and challenges that arise in the teaching
and learning process. By reflecting on the
fundamental questions of education, such as
what the purpose of education is, what should
be taught, and how it should be taught,
educators can develop a deep understanding of
the nature of learning and teaching.
This is in line with what was conveyed by
Fajar (2013): teachers must have a mastery of
the concepts they teach, as well as the science
and art of teaching, or pedagogy, to ensure that
students do not have misconceptions. In other
words, teachers must be equipped with the
theoretical and practical knowledge and skills
necessary to teach their subject matter
effectively and help their students learn.

232
Fadhilah Khairani1, Tuti Handayani2, Darwin Effendi 3, Yenny Puspita4
Vol 6, No 2 (2023): ESTEEM
THE ROLE OF EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHY AS THE FOUNDATION FOR TEACHER
STRENGTHENING IN SCHOOLS
Philosophy plays a crucial role in guiding and
informing the pedagogical practices of teachers,
helping them to create meaningful learning
experiences for their students. It helps teachers
design and implement effective instructional
strategies, assess student learning, and provide
feedback and support to their students.
In conclusion, the role of philosophy in
education is essential in providing guidance
and direction to existing educational theories
and practices. Philosophical inquiry and
reasoning help educators develop a clear
understanding of the purpose and meaning of
education, its values and principles, and the
methods and techniques that can be used to
deliver education to students effectively.
Teachers must also have a mastery of the
concepts they teach and the science and art of
teaching to ensure that students do not have
misconceptions.
3. METHODS
The method that the author uses in writing
this journal is library research. A
comprehensive overview of the current state of
knowledge on a specific subject or issue is the
goal of an essential aspect of the research
process known as a literature review. This part
of the research process is an important part of
the research process. An author is able to
identify and synthesize current research papers,
theories, and concepts that are relevant to their
research topic or objective if they do a
literature review. The material that is acquired
via a literature review can originate from a
wide variety of sources. Some examples of
these sources are research reports, scientific
books, scientific essays, theses and
dissertations, statutes, regulations, yearbooks,
encyclopedias, and other written sources, both
printed and from other electronic sources.
The process of doing a literature review
often entails conducting a systematic search of
relevant databases and academic journals,
evaluating the abstracts and full texts of
potentially relevant papers, and then extracting
and summarizing key findings and ideas
gleaned from these sources.An author's ability
to identify gaps in the existing literature, topics
that require more examination, and a
theoretical and empirical framework for their
research can be greatly aided by the
thoroughness and organization of a literature
review.
In addition, research proposals, grant
applications, and other papers related to
research frequently rely on the support that is
provided by literature reviews during the
development process. The author is able to
make use of any and all material and thoughts
that are associated with or pertinent to the
journal that they are now writing by employing
the approach of literature study. The process or
steps taken in this literature study include:
1. Know and determine the type of library
needed. In this process, the author first
looks for the type of literature needed and
relevant to the title discussed by the author,
namely "The Role of Educational
Philosophy as a Foundation for
Strengthening Teaching to Teachers in
Schools." The author collects relevant
sources from electronic books (books in pdf
format), media from the internet, relevant

233
Fadhilah Khairani1, Tuti Handayani2, Darwin Effendi 3, Yenny Puspita4
Vol 6, No 2 (2023): ESTEEM
THE ROLE OF EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHY AS THE FOUNDATION FOR TEACHER
STRENGTHENING IN SCHOOLS
journals, or a combination of several of
them.
2. Read the type of library that has been
determined. After the type of literature
needed has been collected, the author reads
the sources of information carefully.
3. Carry out the evaluation In this process, the
writer collects all the important information
obtained from the sources that have been
read. The author records this information
and adapts it to the title that the author is
discussing.
4. Presenting the results of a literature study
After all relevant sources have been
summarized, the author presents them in
written form.
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Educational philosophy is a vital element
in the teaching profession because it guides the
teacher in making decisions and taking actions
in the classroom. A teacher's ethics and actions
reflect the educational philosophy they follow.
A teacher who understands and adheres to a
particular educational philosophy will be able
to create an environment in which students can
learn effectively.
For instance, a teacher who follows a
humanistic educational philosophy that
prioritizes the student's needs, interests, and
abilities will create a classroom environment
that is welcoming, supportive, and non-
threatening. Such a teacher will give students
the opportunity to express themselves and
encourage them to take responsibility for their
learning. On the other hand, a teacher who
follows a behaviorist educational philosophy,
which emphasizes rewards and punishments,
will create a classroom environment that is
structured, predictable, and often rigid. This
teacher will use extrinsic motivation to
encourage students to behave in a certain way
rather than foster intrinsic motivation and a
love of learning. How the teacher arranges
learning tools, starting from compiling annual
program, semester program, syllabuses, RPPs,
and even the implementation of the RPP, must
refer to educational philosophy.
Educational ontology is a branch of
educational philosophy that deals with the
fundamental nature of education and its
purpose. By understanding the ontology of
education, a teacher can define their role as an
educator and what they hope to achieve
through their teaching. For instance, if a
teacher believes that the purpose of education
is to prepare students for the workforce, they
may focus on teaching practical skills that will
help their students succeed in their future
careers. On the other hand, if a teacher believes
that the purpose of education is to promote
personal growth and development, they may
focus more on developing their students'
critical thinking and problem-solving skills.
By understanding their educational
ontology, a teacher can also establish their
goals and objectives, which will influence their
teaching methods and strategies. For example,
if a teacher believes that education should be
student-centered, they may employ more
interactive and collaborative teaching
strategies. Alternatively, if a teacher believes

234
Fadhilah Khairani1, Tuti Handayani2, Darwin Effendi 3, Yenny Puspita4
Vol 6, No 2 (2023): ESTEEM
THE ROLE OF EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHY AS THE FOUNDATION FOR TEACHER
STRENGTHENING IN SCHOOLS
that education should be teacher-centered, they
may use more lecture-based methods.
Therefore, the teacher's educational
ontology serves as a foundation for their
teaching approach and pedagogy. The teacher's
actions and ethics reflect their philosophy and
can have a significant impact on their students'
learning and development. What role should
the teacher play as an educator? What can the
teacher do to provide good teaching to students?
With epistemology, teachers can find and
develop what methods and learning styles suit
the students they teach so that teaching and
learning activities are not monotonous and can
increase students' learning motivation. With
educational axiology, teachers know how to be
ethical when treating students. Teachers
understand how to deal with student
heterogeneity, such as how to deal with
students who are introverted, extroverted,
hyperactive, or passive in class.
5. CONCLUSION
In general, the authors are able to reach the
conclusion that philosophy plays an important
role in the field of education. This is especially
true in terms of the function it plays in
advising educators on how to properly carry
out their responsibilities as educators. When
educators have a firm grasp of educational
philosophy, they are better able to articulate
their raison d'être as educators and their place
in the process of teaching and learning. With
this information, teachers will be better able to
create an atmosphere that is conducive to
learning and encourages the intellectual and
personal development of their pupils.
One of the most important functions of
educational philosophy is to act as a guide for
educators as they devise efficient lesson plans
and instructional activities for their students.
The yearly program, semester program,
syllabuses, and RPPs can all be developed
more effectively with the assistance of
philosophy. These actions, which determine
the manner in which a teacher approaches
teaching and learning, need to be linked with
the educational philosophy that the educator
holds.
In addition to this, philosophy guides
educators in the selection of appropriate
instructional strategies and learning styles that
are tailored to the requirements of their
individual students. This method helps to
prevent teaching and learning activities from
becoming mundane, which in turn might boost
the students' desire to continue their education.
The definition of the ethical ideas and
ideals that guide teachers in their treatment of
pupils is referred to as educational axiology,
which is another essential component of
educational philosophy. It is imperative that
educators have a solid grasp on how to
accommodate the diverse personalities and
behaviors of their pupils, including strategies
for working with students who are more
reserved, outgoing, hyperactive, or inactive.
Teachers can establish a positive learning
environment that encourages the intellectual
and personal development of their pupils by

235
Fadhilah Khairani1, Tuti Handayani2, Darwin Effendi 3, Yenny Puspita4
Vol 6, No 2 (2023): ESTEEM
THE ROLE OF EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHY AS THE FOUNDATION FOR TEACHER
STRENGTHENING IN SCHOOLS
adhering to ethical principles and values in
their classrooms.
6. REFERENCES
Achmadi, Asmoro, Drs., 2001, Filsafat Umum,
Jakarta: PT. Raja Grafindo Persada
Amka, A. (2019). Filsafat pendidikan.
Banjarmasin : Nizamia Learning
Center.
Faiz, A. (2021). Peran Filsafat Progresivisme
dalam Mengembangkan Kemampuan
Calon Pendidik di Abad-21. Jurnal
Education and Development, 9(1),
131-131.
Hardanti, B. W. (2020). Landasan Ontologis,
Aksiologis, Epitesmologis Aliran
Filsafat Esensialisme dan
Pandanganya Terhadap Pendidikan.
Reforma: Jurnal Pendidikan dan
Pembelajaran, 9(2), 87-95.
Muliadi. (2020). Filsafat Umum. Fakultas
Ushuluddin UIN Sunan Gunung Djati :
Bandung.
Muslim, A. (2020). Telaah Filsafat Pendidikan
Esensialisme Dalam Pendidikan
Karakter. Jurnal Visionary: Penelitian
dan Pengembangan dibidang
Administrasi Pendidikan, 8(2).
Rahman BP, Dkk. (2022). Pengertian
pendidikan, ilmu pendidikan dan
sumber-sumber pendidikan. Jurnal Al
Urwatul Wutsqa: Kajian Pendidikan
Islam ISSN: 2775-4855 Volume 2,
Nomor 1.
Suedi. (2016). Pengantar Filsafat Ilmu. Bogor :
IPB Press.
https://anglusiaworld.blogspot.com/20
14/11/pentingnya-filsafat-bagi-profesi-
guru.html
Mohammed, A. S., & Nur, H. S. (2018).
Need Analysis in English for
Academic Purposes: The Case of
Teaching Assistants at the University
of Kharotum. HOW Vol 25, No 2,
July, 49-56.
Nation, I., & Macalister, J. (2010).
Language Curriculum Design.
Newyork: Routledge Taylor and
Francis Group.
Richards, J. C., & Schmidt, R. (2010).
Longman Dictionary of Language
Teaching and Applied Linguistics.
Great Britain: Pearson.
Richards, J., & Rodger, S. (2001).
Approach and Methods in Language
Teaching. Cambridge: Cambridge
University Pr