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Filtration and Deposition Rate of Viscose Fiber in Textile Industry
... En el mundo, la industria textil es uno de los principales sectores económicos y de crecimiento autónomo en cada país. Particularmente en India, es uno de los recursos económicos principales para la mayoría de las personas para vivir y llevar a cabo su vida diaria (Janarthanan et al., 2023). ...
Estudio de la Bisinosis en la industria textil para entender sus efectos respiratorios.
... Additionally, viscose rayon looms had lower mean dust concentrations than cotton looms in this study. However, among power loom workers, there did not appear to be any clear effects of fibre type on pulmonary function (Janarthanan et al. 2023). This finding may be the result of workers who moved into a job requiring a similar level of competence in the production of man-made fibres who may have previously worked in cotton processing looms and been exposed to cotton dust. ...
The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of particulate matters and gaseous pollutant present in the power loom textile industry which causes the respiratory symptoms, pulmonary function, and its associated factors among power loom workers in Tamil Nadu, India. A total of 159 (97 exposed and 62 unexposed) respondents were included in this study. A modified British Medical Research Council questionnaire and spirometry were employed to assess the occupational-related respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function. Odd ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and p values ≤ 0.05 were used to identify the variables with significant associations. The experimental results measured using wireless air quality monitoring system revealed that the concentration of particulate matters (PM 2.5 , PM 10) and total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) were exceeded the NAAQS and OSHA threshold limits. Prevalence of respiratory symptoms was about 30.8% reported cough, 14.9% dry cough, 20.2% phlegm, 22.8% wheezing, 23.6% chest tightness, 7.1% chest pain, and 32.4% sneezing for the past 12 months. Regarding lung function of power loom workers, 81.4% had decline lung function, of which 86.07% had restrictive pulmonary abnormality and 13.9% had obstructive lung abnormality. The average FEV 1 , FEV 1 /FVC, PEFR, and FEF 25-75% did not significantly differ between workers who currently engaged with cotton or synthetic fibres. Although, employees currently working with synthetic fibres had much lower FVC than cotton workers. There was a significant association between PM 2.5 and PM 10 concentration and abnormality of FVC% and FEV 1 % among loom workers. The current study demonstrated that employees exposed to indoor airborne dust and gaseous pollutants more prevalence to lower lung function, and workers who handle cotton and synthetic fibres were more likely to affect by the respiratory symptoms than controls.
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to analyze the environmental impact of the viscose fiber/lyocell fiber manufacturing industry and obtain improvement information from China’s analysis results. Our main research question is: How will the production of viscose/lyocell fiber affect the environment? Which raw material or process has the most significant impact on the environment? Is it possible for lyocell fiber to replace viscose fiber that has a greater impact on the environment?
Methods
For the life cycle assessment (LCA) method, we use the analysis from the raw materials (pulp) to the end of the production (fiber) process. The paper mainly introduces the water consumption, energy utilization, and the production of three industrial wastes in producing the two fibers. The life cycle inventory input and output data were collected from two fiber manufacturers in China (manufacturing viscose fiber and lyocell fiber, respectively). Six impact categories were calculated using eFootprint online platform, including primary energy consumption (PED), non-living resource consumption potential (ADP), Resource depletion–water (WU), global warming potential (GWP), acidification potential (AP), and ecotoxicity (ET).
Results and discussion
There is no significant difference between the ADP and WU values of the two processes from a comprehensive comparison. In PED, the value of lyocell fiber is approximately three times that of viscose fiber. Because viscose fiber uses more sulfide; its AP value is about twice that of lyocell fiber. The GWP of lyocell fiber is about two of that of viscose fiber. The ET value of viscose fiber is an order of magnitude higher than that of lyocell fiber. In the viscose fiber process, steam, pulp, ZnSO4, and sulfuric acid are the main contributors to the process’s environmental impact. The main contribution rates of steam to PED, WU, GWP, and AP are 23.6%, 16.76%, 43.33%, and 18.99%, respectively. The use of ZnSO4 in viscose fiber resulted in an ET value of more than 90%. Alternatives can be found to reduce the environmental impact further. It is of great significance to study materials that can replace ZnSO4 as additives. In the lyocell fiber process, electricity, pulp, and steam are the main contributors to the process. The main contribution rates of electricity to PED, ADP, GWP, AP, and ET are 57.5%, 62%, 51%, 59.9%, and 69.3%, respectively. At present, this process mainly uses thermal power generation, which makes the environmental impact caused by electricity consumption great. If more economical or cleaner power supply can be considered, the environmental impact will be further improved.
This paper analyzes and monitors an important environmental factor, namely air. This paper checks the air quality with the help of DSM501A sensors in the Jiu Valley. The device used in the paper uses the "DSM501A" dust sensor, which is one of the cheapest sensors on the market and is capable of detecting PM2.5 and PM10 particles.
Designing and developing AI controllers on separately dedicated chips have many advantages. This paper reviews the development of a real-time fuzzy logic controller for speed control of a dc motor using Arduino Due board. The proposed fuzzy logic controller is based on Mamdani approach and has been tested on the aforementioned high performance microcontroller board and using MATLAB. During the real-time operation the dc motor behavior and the fuzzy controller's response were plotted and the data were stored in MATLAB without interrupting the fuzzy logic controller. Based on these observed information, the system settling time and the rise time reduction were calculated for each input wave patent trajectories while increasing the wave frequency. It was noted that the system overshoot is negligible. Utilizing the aforementioned parameters the Arduino Due board performance was analyzed with the fuzzy logic speed control approaches of dc motors made by past researchers as mentioned above. The system response shows a satisfactory performance for this particular dc motor application when the input signal (desired output signal) frequency is less than 2 Hz, but further research is needed when identifying the optimum performance of the Arduino Due board for different fuzzy logic algorithms while increasing the desired input signal frequency.
A variety of studies in the past decades have shown that fine particulate matter can be a serious health hazard, contributing to respiratory and cardiovascular disease. Due to this, more and more regulations defining certain permissible concentration limits have been set by governments around the world. However, current standard measurement equipment is large, expensive and sparsely deployed. Additionally, both the exposure to hazardous conditions and the susceptibility to negative health effects vary from person to person. As a result, we see the need for fine-grained, mobile and distributed measurements, e.g. to identify hot spots or monitor people at risk. Our research investigates the feasibility of particulate matter measurements using cheap, commodity dust sensors which are small enough to be incorporated into mobile devices. This paper first discusses application scenarios which would benefit from inexpensive methods to assess the particulate matter load. Subsequently, commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) sensors are compared and their general suitability for the application scenarios is examined. Finally, an experimental setup for the evaluation of one of the sensors is presented along with preliminary results.
Comparative investigations of new regenerated cellulosic fibers, bamboo viscose fiber and Tencel, together with conventional
viscose fibers have been carried out to explain the similarity and difference in their molecular and fine structure. The analyses
jointly using SEM, XRD and IR reveal that all the three fibers belong to cellulose II. Tencel consists of longer molecules
and has a greater degree of crystallinity, while bamboo viscose fiber has a lower degree of crystallinty. TG-DTG-DSC study
shows three fibers resemble in thermal behavior with a two-step decomposition mode. The first step is associated to water
desorption, suggesting that bamboo viscose fiber holds better water retention and release ability, the second a depolymerization
and decomposition of regenerated cellulose, indicating that Tencel is more thermally stable in this process than bamboo and
conventional viscose fiber.
Previously reported electrostatically actuated four-terminal (4T) relays suffer from a relatively weak body bias effect and undesirable influence of source/drain bias voltages on gate switching voltages. In this letter, an improved 4T relay design is demonstrated to resolve these issues.
Endotoxin exposure has been implicated in the etiology of lung disease in cotton workers. We investigated this potential relationship in 443 cotton workers from 2 factories in Shanghai and 439 control subjects from a nearby silk mill. A respiratory questionnaire was administered and pre- and postshift forced expiratory volume (FVC) and flow in one second (FEV1) were determined for each worker. Multiple area air samples were analyzed for total elutriated dust concentration (range: 0.15 to 2.5 mg/m3) and endotoxin (range: 0.002 to 0.55 microgram U.S. Reference Endotoxin/m3). The cotton worker population was stratified by current and cumulative dust or endotoxin exposure. Groups were compared for FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC%, % change in FEV1 over the shift (delta FEV1%), and prevalences of chronic bronchitis and byssinosis, and linear and logistic regression models were constructed. No dose-response relationships were demonstrated comparing dust concentration to any pulmonary function or symptom variable. A dose-response trend was seen with the current endotoxin level and FEV1, delta FEV1%, and the prevalence of byssinosis and chronic bronchitis, except for the highest exposure level group in which a reversal of the trend was seen. The regression coefficients for current endotoxin exposure were significant (p less than 0.05) in the models for FEV1 and chronic bronchitis but not in the models for delta FEV1% (i.e., acute change in FEV1) or byssinosis prevalence. The coefficient for dust level was never significant in the models.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Groups of guinea pigs were exposed to respirable particles of cotton dust obtained from opening and carding rooms of a textile mill. The bulk cotton dust was resuspended with a modified sonic sifter. Exposures were conducted 6 hr/day at concentrations varying between 16 and 25 mg/m3. The particle size for these exposures varied around a 3 micron aerodynamic equivalent diameter. In animals exposed for 5 days, a pulmonary effect began to develop 3 hr after the start of exposure on the first day and was maximal 18 hr postexposure. The pulmonary effect faded during the ensuing weekdays as daily exposures continued. In one group exposed for 6 weeks, 5 days/week, the pulmonary effect was apparent on each Monday and faded during the week. The pulmonary response can best be characterized as a reflex restriction of breathing from stimulation of vagal nerve endings, resulting in rapid shallow breathing. This effect was exaggerated upon challenge of the animals with air containing 10% CO2. In humans this pattern of rapid shallow breathing is associated with symptoms of shortness of breath, dyspnea, breathlessness, and fatigue upon exertion. Such symptoms are characteristic of those reported by workers exposed to cotton dust. This animal model is proposed for further evaluation of the possible relationship between the acute responses to cotton dust and the development of a chronic response.
This paper discusses current problems and new developments in the field of respiratory protective devices. Speaking diaphragms and electronic amplifiers have been introduced to improve voice transmission. In new designs, nose cups prevent fogging of the eye-piece lenses. Data on cold chamber tests are included. The reliability and acceptability of fit of the facepiece continue to be problems; fitting data from test results are presented here. New developments in combination supplied air and air purifying respirators are discussed.