No full-text available
To read the full-text of this research,
you can request a copy directly from the authors.
Risk Management of Gas Stations that Urban Expansion Crept into in the Gaza Strip.
... Taking a comprehensive approach to disaster risk reduction involves combining different aspects of risk management, from assessing hazards to reducing vulnerabilities and building capacities [6,12,36,[53][54][55][56][57][58]. Urban areas, in particular, face significant disaster risks due to their high concentration of people and infrastructure [31]. ...
... In an ideal world, these communities would be fully integrated into disaster management systems, with their roles and responsibilities clearly defined through laws and regulations [52]. This would mean stronger institutional support, regular training, and consistent access to the resources necessary to implement preventive measures [24,34,55]. ...
... Through consistent monitoring and evaluation, programs can be refined based on feedback and new challenges, ensuring their continued relevance and effectiveness [6,43]. This ongoing process helps identify areas needing improvement, thereby contributing to the long-term resilience of communities in the face of disaster risks [48,55]. ...
Community-Based Disaster Risk Reduction (CBDRR) plays a vital role in strengthening the resilience of local communities against both natural and man-made disasters. This paper seeks to examine the role of CBDRR in enhancing the resilience of local communities to both natural and man-made disasters. It underscores the critical importance of active community involvement across all stages of disaster management, from preparedness and mitigation to response and recovery. The paper also explores the key factors that contribute to the successful implementation of CBDRR, including institutional backing, capacity development, inclusive strategies, and the use of modern technologies. Additionally, it discusses the challenges and opportunities in building strong partnerships between local communities and external stakeholders, which are crucial for ensuring the sustainability of these efforts. Finally, the paper offers recommendations aimed at improving the effectiveness of CBDRR initiatives, drawing on insights gained from past disaster experiences. The findings of this study point to the importance of continuous monitoring and evaluation of CBDRR programs to maintain their relevance and ensure their effectiveness as risks evolve. Incorporating lessons learned from past disasters into future planning also plays a crucial role in helping communities enhance their resilience over time. Ultimately, by encouraging collaboration between communities, governments, and various organizations, CBDRR lays the foundation for a comprehensive disaster management framework that is equipped to meet future challenges and supports long-term sustainable development.
... Environmental events like earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, and wildfires are driven by natural and climatic forces [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. The patterns of these disasters, including their frequency, intensity, and locations, have evolved over time due to shifts in climate, land usage, and population growth [22][23][24][25][26][27]. ...
... Geospatial analyses have revealed that some areas are particularly at risk for specific types of disasters. Factors such as the terrain, local climate, and how densely populated an area are significantly influence where these disasters occur [17]. Moreover, by studying temporal patterns, researchers can identify seasonal or cyclical trends and assess how climate change might be altering the frequency and severity of these events [44,45]. ...
This pioneering study explores the geospatial and temporal patterns of natural and human-induced disasters from 1900 to 2024, providing essential insights into their global distribution and impacts. Utilizing the comprehensive international EM-DAT database, our analysis reveals significant trends and disparities in disaster occurrences and their widespread consequences. Results showed a dramatic escalation in both natural and man-made (technological) disasters over the decades, with notable surges in the 1991-2000 and 2001-2010 periods. A total of 25,836 disasters were recorded worldwide, of which 69.41% were natural disasters (16,567) and 30.59% were man-made (technological) disasters (9,269). The most significant increase in natural disasters occurred from 1961-1970, while man-made (technological) disasters surged substantially from 1981-1990. Seasonal trends reveal that floods peak in January and July, while storms are most frequent in June and October. Droughts and floods are the most devastating in terms of human lives, while storms and earthquakes cause the highest economic losses. The most substantial economic losses were reported during the 2001-2010 period, driven by catastrophic natural disasters in Asia and North America. Our research highlights Asia as the most disaster-prone continent, accounting for 41.75% of global events, with natural disasters making up 61.89% of these events. Oceania, despite experiencing fewer total disasters, shows a remarkable 91.51% of these as natural disasters. Africa is notable for its high incidence of man-made (technological) disasters, which constitute 43.79% of the continent's disaster events. Europe, representing 11.96% of total disasters, exhibits a balanced distribution but tends towards natural disasters at 64.54%. Examining specific countries, China, India, and the United States emerged as the most frequently affected by both natural and man-made (technological) disasters. The impact of these disasters has been immense, with economic losses reaching their highest during the decade of 2010-2020, largely due to natural disasters. The human toll has been equally significant, with Asia recording the most fatalities and Africa the most injuries. Particularly, the decade from 2001 to 2010 experienced the greatest economic losses, primarily driven by natural disasters in Asia and North America. These insights highlight the urgent need for tailored disaster risk management strategies that address the distinct challenges and impacts in various regions. By understanding historical disaster patterns, policymakers and stakeholders can better anticipate and manage future risks, ultimately safeguarding lives and economies.
... It is important to note that there is no universally accepted definition for industrial disasters, and the criteria (number of victims, costs, damages) used in their definition vary and are not universally accepted (Ibrahim, Fakharu'l-razi, & Aini, 2003). The term technical-technological (anthropogenic) disaster is most commonly used to describe events caused by intentional or unintentional actions and activities undertaken by humans El-Mougher, Abu Sharekh, Abu Ali, & Zuhud, 2023;Mohammed Mohammed El-Mougher & Mahfuth, 2021;Kachanov, 2021;Mohammed & Maysaa, 2022). According to Richardson, a sociotechnical disaster occurs in four types of organizational situations: a) failures in plants and factories (major accident); b) failures in transportation; c) accidents at stadiums and other "public places"; and d) failures in the production process (Richardson, 1994). ...
Starting from accelerated industrial development, industrial disasters (chemical spills, explosions, nuclear accidents, etc.), which fall under man-made (technological) disasters, increasingly threaten human lives, the environment, and property. Their complexity and far-reaching consequences, both at the local and global levels, require effective management of industrial risks and the disasters themselves (preparedness, mitigation, response, and recovery). For these reasons, the review paper aims to provide a holistic description of the diverse causes, dynamics, and multidimensional consequences of disasters. Additionally, it highlights and explains the key factors that directly or indirectly contribute to their occurrence. Furthermore, it could be said that the paper analyzes existing strategies for managing risks from industrial disasters and systematizes recommendations for improving preventive and reactive measures in high-risk industries. On the other side, the paper utilizes a comprehensive literature review, which involves the systematic identification, review, analysis, and critical evaluation of existing scientific papers, studies, reports, and regulatory documents on industrial disasters. Besides that, it also includes a detailed analysis of well-known industrial disaster cases such as Seveso (Italy, 1976), Bhopal (India, 1984), Chernobyl (Ukraine, then USSR, 1986), and Fukushima (Japan, 2011). The paper emphasizes that industrial disasters are often the result of the combined influence and interaction of technical failures, human errors, and inadequately developed safety procedures. Moreover, it can be highlighted that the design and implementation of preventive measures, such as regular maintenance of technical systems and systematic training and education of employees, are crucial for reducing the likelihood of such catastrophic events. The implications of this review paper are multifaceted and point to the following: the need to reassess current safety practices in industries; reconsider the potential for introducing innovations in preventive technical-technological solutions; examine the thorough implementation of innovative early warning systems, safety procedures, and modern equipment in facilities; improve cooperation between engineers, safety managers, and regulatory workers; reassess the need for additional updates and tightening of regulations regarding the storage, transport, and use of hazardous materials in industry; and improve the management of risks from industrial disasters.
... In today's period, more than ever before, developed and underdeveloped countries face the consequences of various natural and man-made disasters El-Mougher et al. 2023;Iftikhar and Iqbalx 2023;Rajani et al. 2023;Sergey and Gennadiy 2022;Shibru et al. 2022). Abandoning the reactive way of preparing for disasters and increasingly implementing proactive measures, societies are desperately trying to find ways to improve their level of resilience in resource-scarce situations and mitigate future consequences of disasters Cruz and Ormilla 2022;Dukiya and Banji Adeleye 2022;El-Mougher 2022;Jaiye and Benjamine 2021;Janković 2021;Kabir et al. 2022;Mohammed and Maysaa 2022;Öcal 2021;Odero and Mahiri 2022). ...
The territory of the Republic of Serbia is exposed to various natural and technical–technological hazards that increasingly endanger people and their material goods. An integrated disaster risk management system (preparedness, mitigation, response and recovery) has not yet taken root in Serbia to a sufficient extent, although there are certain institutional and legal prerequisites for its smooth functioning. Abandoning the reactive way of preparing for disasters and increasingly implementing proactive measures, societies are desperately trying to improve their resilience in resource-scarce situations and mitigate future consequences of disasters. In Serbia, there is insufficient resistance to disasters, reflected in the insufficiently improved ability of Serbian society exposed to dangers to respond to them and recover from the consequences of disasters promptly and efficiently. Despite this, many efforts are in vain, considering that the population's awareness of various aspects of disaster management remains very low. The aim of this chapter refers to the comprehensive analysis and description of capacity building in Serbia for Disaster and Climate Risk Education. The undoubted importance of education in the field of disasters, which is increasingly receiving priority positions on various agendas around the world, emphasizes the necessity of continuous research on the perspectives of formal and informal education on disasters. One of the most effective tools used in all areas of integrated disaster risk management is education. Admittedly, it should be borne in mind that education is a complex and interactive psychological process in which the transfer of knowledge from different fields is carried out in a planned and clearly grounded manner in the form of a kind of transfer.
... The urgency can impact decision-making and heighten stress for both handlers and dogs. Effective time and resource management, along with thorough mental and physical preparation, are essential to overcome these hurdles and achieve successful rescue outcomes (Baruh, Dey, & Dutta, 2023;Chakma, 2023;El-Mougher, Abu Sharekh, Abu Ali, & Zuhud, 2023;Hasan & Sultana, 2024;Hossen, Nawaz, & Kabir, 2022;Iftikhar & Iqbal, 2023;Islam, 2023;Kabir, Hossain, & Haque, 2022;Mohammed & Maysaa, 2022;Molnár, 2024;Podder, Hasan, & Islam, 2022;Rajani, Tuhin, & Rina, 2023;Sergey & Gennadiy, 2022;Starosta, 2023;Sudar, Cvetković, & Ivanov, 2024). ...
Deploying search and rescue (SAR) dogs in disaster situations is crucial for effective rescue missions. This study delves into the challenges and obstacles encountered during the use of SAR dogs, particularly focusing on the earthquake that hit Turkey in February 2023. By employing a case study approach, the research explores various factors that impact the efficiency and safety of SAR dog operations, such as environmental conditions, equipment needs, cultural perceptions, and logistical hurdles. Environmental conditions such as extreme weather, hazardous materials, and unstable structures present significant risks to both the dogs and their handlers. The adequacy of equipment, including protective gear and medical supplies, is critical for ensuring the safety and efficiency of rescue operations. Logistical challenges, including the transportation and care of dogs in disaster zones, further complicate their deployment. Cultural barriers also play a crucial role, as perceptions of dogs vary widely across different communities, potentially affecting the acceptance and integration of canine units in rescue efforts. The case study of the earthquake in Turkey highlights these issues, showcasing the successes and setbacks experienced by international rescue teams. The findings indicate that although SAR dogs are invaluable in locating survivors, they face significant dangers, including hazardous materials, extreme weather, and physical injuries. Additionally, cultural differences and logistical issues complicate their deployment. This paper highlights the necessity for improved training, protective measures, and international standards to ensure SAR dogs' well-being and effectiveness in disaster response efforts. The study's implications suggest that addressing these challenges can markedly enhance the preparedness and resilience of SAR teams, leading to more efficient and safer rescue operations in future disaster scenarios.
... On the other hand, women express a greater belief that survival depends on resource availability. These results emphasize the need to understand and take into account the different perspectives of men and women in the development of strategies and policies for environmental preservation [77][78][79]104,138]. Differences may arise from sociocultural factors [14,139,140], such as traditional gender roles and expectations [141][142][143][144][145][146][147][148][149]. In addition, different experiences of men and women may influence their perceptions, with women possibly paying more attention to everyday environmental practices [116,[150][151][152][153][154], while men are more focused on broader environmental issues [18,77,79,138]. ...
This comparative study aims to investigate environmental awareness, knowledge, and safety among students in Montenegro and North Macedonia, considering the unique socio-cultural and environmental contexts of both countries. A mixed-methods approach involving surveys and interviews was employed to gather data from students in educational institutions across Montenegro and North Macedonia. The study assessed various factors, including students’ awareness of environmental issues, their perceived level of knowledge, and their attitudes towards safety measures. A comprehensive series of 400 face-to-face interviews was carried out, and these interviews encompassed 200 students from Montenegro and an equal number from North Macedonia, taking place at two esteemed academic institutions: The University of Montenegro in Podgorica and The University of St. Clement of Ohrid, Bitola, Republic of North Macedonia. Our hypothetical conceptual framework proposes that a combination of variables, including gender (H1), age (H2), year of study (H3), and rate of study (H4), significantly influences the attitudes of students from Montenegro and North Macedonia towards environmental awareness, safety, and knowledge. Research findings indicate significant variations in environmental awareness and knowledge perception among students in the two countries. While both Montenegro and North Macedonia face environmental challenges, differences in educational systems and socio-economic factors contribute to distinct attitudes and behaviours towards environmental issues and safety practices. This study sheds light on the importance of understanding regional differences in environmental awareness and knowledge perception among students. By identifying areas of strength and areas needing improvement, policymakers and educators can develop targeted interventions to enhance environmental education and foster a culture of sustainability in both Montenegro and North Macedonia.
... These results emphasize the need to understand and take into account the different perspectives of men and women in the development of strategies and policies for environmental preservation [73][74][75]95,129]. Differences may arise from sociocultural factors [12,130,131], such as traditional gender roles and expectations [132][133][134][135][136][137][138][139][140]. Additionally, different experiences of men and women may influence their perceptions, with women possibly paying more attention to everyday environmental practices [107,[141][142][143][144][145], while men are more focused on broader environmental issues [16,73,75,129]. ...
This comparative study aims to investigate environmental awareness, knowledge, and safety among students in Montenegro and North Macedonia, considering the unique socio-cultural and environmental contexts of both countries. A mixed-methods approach involving surveys and interviews was employed to gather data from students in educational institutions across Montenegro and North Macedonia. The study assessed various factors, including students' awareness of environmental issues, their perceived level of knowledge, and their attitudes towards safety measures. A comprehensive series of 400 face-to-face interviews was carried out and these interviews encompassed 200 students from Montenegro and an equal number from North Macedonia, taking place at two esteemed academic institutions: The University of Montenegro in Podgorica and The University of St. Clement of Ohrid, Bitola, Republic of North Macedonia. Our hypothetical conceptual framework proposes that a combination of variables, including gender (H1), age (H2), year of study (H3), and rate of study (H4), significantly influences the attitudes of students from Montenegro and North Macedonia towards environmental awareness, safety, and knowledge. Research findings indicate significant variations in environmental awareness and knowledge perception among students in the two countries. While both Montenegro and North Macedonia face environmental challenges, differences in educational systems and socio-economic factors contribute to distinct attitudes and behaviors towards environmental issues and safety practices. This study sheds light on the importance of understanding regional differences in environmental awareness and knowledge perception among students. By identifying areas of strength and areas needing improvement, policymakers and educators can develop targeted interventions to enhance environmental education and foster a culture of sustainability in both Montenegro and North Macedonia.
... Community disaster resilience (CDR) has become an important social goal that attracts the attention of scientists and decision-makers in various sectors and scientific disciplines (Aleksandrina, Budiarti, Yu, Pasha, & Shaw, 2019;Cvetković, Bošković, & Ocal, 2021;Cvetković & Filipović, 2018;Dufty, 2012;Goyal, 2019;Jehoshaphat & Oghenah, 2021;Jurgens & Helsloot, 2018;Kabir, Hossain, & Haque, 2022;Keck & Sakdapolrak, 2013;Liu & Mishna, 2014). The analysis of the literature on CDR (Aitsi-Selmi, Egawa, Sasaki, Wannous, & Murray, 2015;Akter, Roy, & Aktar, 2023;Aleksandar, Cvetković, & Sudar, 2016;Baruh, Dey, & Dutta, 2023;El-Mougher, Abu Sharekh, Abu Ali, & Zuhud, 2023;Mohammed Mohammed El-Mougher, Sharekh, Ali, & Zuhud, 2023;Fujioka, 2016;Holmes, 2016;Jurgens & Helsloot, 2018;Kabir et al., 2022;Liu & Mishna, 2014;Winderl, 2014) and social identity (SI) has identified a number of shortcomings ( Figure 1) that need to be addressed, which indicate significant importance of the projected research: insufficiently examined the impact of SI on building CDR; there is no consensus on the content and scope of the concept of resilience, on the unique dimensions and indicators of CDR and SI; there are no clearly defined measures and scales of CDR and SI; development of tools to measure CDR are at the emerging stage insufficiently developed, undeveloped generic framework of CDR that could be applied to different social communities; insufficiently developed procedures for designing and validating tools for measuring CDR; insufficiently examined influences systematized indicators of SI on building CDR; some CDR frameworks have been developed specific to a particular disaster and some other for a specific geographical area; insufficiently developed strategies, recommendations and programs for improving the level of CDR; insufficiently developed and elaborated predictive models of the impact of different variables on the further development of CDR; insufficiently investigated influences of SI (cognitive, evolutionary and emotional dimensions) on strengthening or weakening CDR; the lack of a methodology to engage and empower resilience in society; the complexity of reaching consensus on the unique characteristics of resilient communities among researchers and policy makers; lack of interest of researchers in examining the potential of SI to contribute to CDR due to lack of available data at the local level; the existence of different disciplinary and methodological frameworks for analysing CDR without their deeper analytical connection; tool development and monitoring of CDR progress are critical components requiring extensive research to better understand and apply in practice. The application of the concept of CDR in the domestic demographic, socio-cultural and psychological context is an exciting and fruitful field for discussion (Akter et al., 2023;Baruh et al., 2023;Hossen, Nawaz, & Kabir, 2022) and potential reformulation of the concept of resilience. ...
The territory of Serbia is vulnerable to various types of natural and man-made disasters. The risk is not equal across the entire territory, depending on the type of hazard and the expected potential for damage. So far, the level of community disaster resilience has not been determined in Serbia. There are no scientific preconditions for its improvement to reduce the future material and intangible consequences of disasters. Regarding that, the project’s main objective is to develop and validate a predictive model of community disaster resilience based on social identity influences through an investigation impact of social identity indicators on the level of community disaster resilience in Serbia. The project is based on the upcoming research on whether the level of community disaster resilience can be predicted based on social identity indicators, how social identity indicators affect different dimensions of community disaster resilience, and how disasters shape social identity. The project is based on multimethod research in which quantitative (face-to-face interviews in 40 of the 191 municipalities), and qualitative (semi-structured interviews) research methodology will be applied. A developed predictive model with an index of community disaster resilience in Serbia will empower the creation of preconditions for designing public policies, strategies and procedures for improving resilience and reducing the consequences of disasters on people and their property and enhancing citizens’ security. The project will encourage the prediction of community disaster resilience based on social identity indicators, improving disaster foresight and preparing to limit disaster losses. Based on the development of analytical frameworks for understanding community disaster resilience and social identity in disasters, essential preconditions for designing innovative information systems will be created to enable local communities to increase their level of resilience.
... In today's period, more than ever before, developed and underdeveloped countries face the consequences of various natural and man made disasters (Cvetković, Romanić, & Beriša, 2023;El-Mougher, Abu Sharekh, Abu Ali, & Zuhud, 2023;Iftikhar & Iqbal, 2023;Rajani, Tuhin, & Rina, 2023;Sergey & Gennadiy, 2022;Shibru, Operea, Omondi, & Gichaba, 2022). Abandoning the reactive way of preparing for disasters and increasingly implementing proactive measures, societies are desperately trying to find ways to improve their level of resilience in resourcescarce situations and mitigate future consequences of disasters Cruz & Ormilla, 2022;Dukiya & Banji Adeleye, 2022;El-Mougher, 2022;Jaiye & Benjamine, 2021;Janković, 2021;Kabir et al., 2022;Mohammed & Maysaa, 2022;Öcal, 2021;Odero & Mahiri, 2022). ...
The territory of the Republic of Serbia is exposed to various natural and technical-technological hazards that increasingly endanger people and their material goods. An integrated disaster risk management system (preparedness, mitigation, response and recovery) has not yet taken root in Serbia to a sufficient extent, although there are certain institutional and legal prerequisites for its smooth functioning. Abandoning the reactive way of preparing for disasters and increasingly implementing proactive measures, societies are desperately trying to improve their resilience in resource-scarce situations and mitigate future consequences of disasters. In Serbia, there is insufficient resistance to disasters, reflected in the insufficiently improved ability of Serbian society exposed to dangers to respond to them and recover from the consequences of disasters promptly and efficiently. Despite this, many efforts are in vain considering that the population's awareness of various aspects of disaster management remains very low. The aim of this chapter refers to the comprehensive analysis and description of capacity building in Serbia for Disaster and Climate Risk Education. The undoubted importance of education in the field of disasters, which is increasingly receiving priority positions on various agendas around the world, emphasizes the necessity of continuous research on the perspectives of formal and informal education on disasters. One of the most effective tools used in all areas of integrated disaster risk management is education. Admittedly, it should be borne in mind that education is a complex and interactive psychological process in which the transfer of knowledge from different fields is carried out in a planned and clearly grounded manner in the form of a kind of transfer.
This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the financial factors and risk management strategies essential for optimizing disaster resilience within the Serbian defence industry's critical infrastructure. The significance of this sector is multi-faceted, impacting national security, economic stability, and technological advancement. Primarily, the Serbian defence industry ensures the preservation of vital defence interests, maintaining Serbia's independence from foreign sources for weapons and military equipment in both peacetime and wartime. Economically, it is a significant employer of the working-age population, directly affecting local employment rates, fostering economic development, and ensuring the sustainable growth of this crucial sector. This, in turn, stimulates broader economic activity and enhances social cohesion while strengthening the national balance of payments through increased export potential. From a technological perspective, the defence industry drives scientific, technological, and industrial development, reinforcing Serbia's global political and military standing within the Western Balkans and on the international stage. Consequently, the paper aims to examine the risk management and protection of the Serbian defence industry's critical infrastructure, offering concrete and actionable measures to improve and develop these systems with a particular emphasis on security. The research's utility and contribution lie in identifying similarities and differences in the operational performance of defence industry companies, a vital segment of the national economy. The presentation of these findings focuses on the protection of critical infrastructure. The results will form the basis for further investigation into the underlying causes of business performance and the effective management of critical infrastructure security.
Starting from accelerated industrial development, industrial disasters (chemical spills, explosions, nuclear accidents, etc.), which fall under man-made (technological) disasters, increasingly threaten human lives, the environment, and property. Their complexity and far-reaching consequences, both at the local and global levels, require effective management of industrial risks and the disasters themselves (preparedness, mitigation, response, and recovery). For these reasons, the review paper aims to provide a holistic description of the diverse causes, dynamics, and multidimensional consequences of disasters. Additionally, it highlights and explains the key factors that directly or indirectly contribute to their occurrence. Furthermore, it could be said that the paper analyzes existing strategies for managing risks from industrial disasters and systematizes recommendations for improving preventive and reactive measures in high-risk industries. On the other side, the paper utilizes a comprehensive literature review, which involves the systematic identification, review, analysis, and critical evaluation of existing scientific papers, studies, reports, and regulatory documents on industrial disasters. Besides that, it also includes a detailed analysis of well-known industrial disaster cases such as Seveso (Italy, 1976), Bhopal (India, 1984), Chernobyl (Ukraine, then USSR, 1986), and Fukushima (Japan, 2011). The paper emphasizes that industrial disasters are often the result of the combined influence and interaction of technical failures, human errors, and inadequately developed safety procedures. Moreover, it can be highlighted that the design and implementation of preventive measures, such as regular maintenance of technical systems and systematic training and education of employees, are crucial for reducing the likelihood of such catastrophic events. The implications of this review paper are multifaceted and point to the following: the need to reassess current safety practices in industries; reconsider the potential for introducing innovations in preventive technical-technological solutions; examine the thorough implementation of innovative early warning systems, safety procedures, and modern equipment in facilities; improve cooperation between engineers, safety managers, and regulatory workers; reassess the need for additional updates and tightening of regulations regarding the storage, transport, and use of hazardous materials in industry; and improve the management of risks from industrial disasters.
Deploying search and rescue (SAR) dogs in disaster situations is crucial for effective rescue missions. This study delves into the challenges and obstacles encountered during the use of SAR dogs, particularly focusing on the earthquake that hit Turkey in February 2023. By employing a case study approach, the research explores various factors that impact the efficiency and safety of SAR dog operations, such as environmental conditions, equipment needs, cultural perceptions, and logistical hurdles. Environmental conditions such as extreme weather, hazardous materials, and unstable structures present significant risks to both the dogs and their handlers. The adequacy of equipment, including protective gear and medical supplies, is critical for ensuring the safety and efficiency of rescue operations. Logistical challenges, including the transportation and care of dogs in disaster zones, further complicate their deployment. Cultural barriers also play a crucial role, as perceptions of dogs vary widely across different communities, potentially affecting the acceptance and integration of canine units in rescue efforts. The case study of the earthquake in Turkey highlights these issues, showcasing the successes and setbacks experienced by international rescue teams. The findings indicate that although SAR dogs are invaluable in locating survivors, they face significant dangers, including hazardous materials, extreme weather, and physical injuries. Additionally, cultural differences and logistical issues complicate their deployment. This paper highlights the necessity for improved training, protective measures, and international standards to ensure SAR dogs' well-being and effectiveness in disaster response efforts. The study's implications suggest that addressing these challenges can markedly enhance the preparedness and resilience of SAR teams, leading to more efficient and safer rescue operations in future disaster scenarios.
Disasters, whether natural or human-induced, pose significant threats to human lives, property, and infrastructure. This study examines the effectiveness of search and rescue (SAR) dogs in locating survivors during disasters, with a focus on the experiences in Serbia, Croatia, and Slovenia. The primary goals are to evaluate training protocols, operational challenges, success rates, and the overall impact of SAR dogs in disaster scenarios. The findings indicate that SAR dogs greatly enhance the efficiency of disaster response operations. Their superior sense of smell, agility, and ability to manoeuvre through complex terrains make them crucial for quickly locating survivors. However, the performance of SAR dogs is affected by various factors, including the quality of their training, environmental conditions, and the coordination between handlers and dogs. The research highlights several challenges encountered by SAR dogs, such as extreme weather conditions, hazardous terrains, fatigue, and psychological stress. Additionally, limited resources and inconsistent training standards can hinder their effectiveness. The study underscores the importance of standardized training protocols, increased resource allocation, and better coordination among SAR teams. By addressing these challenges, the efficiency of SAR dogs can be further optimized, resulting in more effective disaster responses and higher survival rates. SAR dogs play an essential role in disaster management in Serbia, Croatia, and Slovenia. Ongoing investment in their training and welfare, along with improved operational protocols, will ensure their crucial contribution to saving lives during disasters. This study contributes to a broader understanding of the effectiveness of SAR dogs and provides practical recommendations for enhancing disaster response strategies.
This pioneering study explores the geospatial and temporal patterns of natural and human-induced disasters from 1900 to 2024, providing essential insights into their global distribution and impacts. Significant trends and disparities in disaster occurrences and their widespread consequences are revealed through the utilization of the comprehensive international EM-DAT database. The results showed a dramatic escalation in both natural and man-made (technological) disasters over the decades, with notable surges in the 1991–2000 and 2001–2010 periods. A total of 25,836 disasters were recorded worldwide, of which 69.41% were natural disasters (16,567) and 30.59% were man-made (technological) disasters (9269). The most significant increase in natural disasters occurred from 1961–1970, while man-made (technological) disasters surged substantially from 1981–1990. Seasonal trends reveal that floods peak in January and July, while storms are most frequent in June and October. Droughts and floods are the most devastating in terms of human lives, while storms and earthquakes cause the highest economic losses. The most substantial economic losses were reported during the 2001–2010 period, driven by catastrophic natural disasters in Asia and North America. Also, Asia was highlighted by our research as the most disaster-prone continent, accounting for 41.75% of global events, with 61.89% of these events being natural disasters. Oceania, despite experiencing fewer total disasters, shows a remarkable 91.51% of these as natural disasters. Africa is notable for its high incidence of man-made (technological) disasters, which constitute 43.79% of the continent’s disaster events. Europe, representing 11.96% of total disasters, exhibits a balanced distribution but tends towards natural disasters at 64.54%. Examining specific countries, China, India, and the United States emerged as the countries most frequently affected by both types of disasters. The impact of these disasters has been immense, with economic losses reaching their highest during the decade of 2010–2020, largely due to natural disasters. The human toll has been equally significant, with Asia recording the most fatalities and Africa the most injuries. Pearson’s correlation analysis identified statistically significant links between socioeconomic factors and the effects of disasters. It shows that nations with higher GDP per capita and better governance quality tend to experience fewer disasters and less severe negative consequences. These insights highlight the urgent need for tailored disaster risk management strategies that address the distinct challenges and impacts in various regions. By understanding historical disaster patterns, policymakers and stakeholders can better anticipate and manage future risks, ultimately safeguarding lives and economies.
This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the financial factors and risk management strategies essential for optimizing disaster resilience within the Serbian defence industry's critical infrastructure. The significance of this sector is multi-faceted, impacting national security, economic stability, and technological advancement. Primarily, the Serbian defence industry ensures the preservation of vital defence interests, maintaining Serbia's independence from foreign sources for weapons and military equipment in both peacetime and wartime. Economically, it is a significant employer of the working-age population, directly affecting local employment rates, fostering economic development, and ensuring the sustainable growth of this crucial sector. This, in turn, stimulates broader economic activity and enhances social cohesion while strengthening the national balance of payments through increased export potential. From a technological perspective, the defence industry drives scientific, technological, and industrial development, reinforcing Serbia's global political and military standing within the Western Balkans and on the international stage. Consequently, the paper aims to examine the risk management and protection of the Serbian defence industry's critical infrastructure, offering concrete and actionable measures to improve and develop these systems with a particular emphasis on security. The research's utility and contribution lie in identifying similarities and differences in the operational performance of defence industry companies, a vital segment of the national economy. The presentation of these findings focuses on the protection of critical infrastructure. The results will form the basis for further investigation into the underlying causes of business performance and the effective management of critical infrastructure security.
This study critically explores the legislative frameworks and national regulations of Serbia, Croatia, and Slovenia concerning the engagement, training, and responsibilities of search and rescue dogs and their handlers. The goal is to offer a thorough understanding of how these dogs and their handlers are engaged, trained, and managed in each country. By carefully analyzing the legal foundations, the study aims to clarify the rights, duties, and responsibilities of all parties involved, ensuring that search and rescue dog deployments are conducted within a structured and lawful framework. Such an understanding is crucial for improving disaster management and ensuring a coordinated response to various emergencies. The findings reveal that although each country has strong legal provisions for deploying search and rescue dogs, there are significant differences in the detail and scope of these regulations. Slovenia is notable for its detailed guidelines, regular evaluations, and licensing processes, setting a high standard. Croatia benefits from strong institutional support and active international collaboration, which greatly enhances its disaster response capabilities. On the other hand, Serbia, despite having a solid foundational framework, could improve by better coordinating with non-governmental organizations and aligning more closely with international standards. Key areas for improvement include harmonizing standards, enhancing training programs, increasing public awareness, better resource allocation, and adopting new technologies. By addressing these issues, Serbia, Croatia, and Slovenia can further strengthen their legal and institutional frameworks, ensuring their search and rescue teams are better prepared for disasters. This study emphasizes the need for continuous improvement through collaboration, standardization, and innovation to maximize the effectiveness of search and rescue operations involving dogs.
Disasters, whether natural or human-induced, pose significant threats to human lives, property, and infrastructure. This study examines the effectiveness of search and rescue (SAR) dogs in locating survivors during disasters, with a focus on the experiences in Serbia, Croatia, and Slovenia. The primary goals are to evaluate training protocols, operational challenges, success rates, and the overall impact of SAR dogs in disaster scenarios. The findings indicate that SAR dogs greatly enhance the efficiency of disaster response operations. Their superior sense of smell, agility, and ability to manoeuvre through complex terrains make them crucial for quickly locating survivors. However, the performance of SAR dogs is affected by various factors, including the quality of their training, environmental conditions, and the coordination between handlers and dogs. The research highlights several challenges encountered by SAR dogs, such as extreme weather conditions, hazardous terrains, fatigue, and psychological stress. Additionally, limited resources and inconsistent training standards can hinder their effectiveness. The study underscores the importance of standardized training protocols, increased resource allocation, and better coordination among SAR teams. By addressing these challenges, the efficiency of SAR dogs can be further optimized, resulting in more effective disaster responses and higher survival rates. SAR dogs play an essential role in disaster management in Serbia, Croatia, and Slovenia. Ongoing investment in their training and welfare, along with improved operational protocols, will ensure their crucial contribution to saving lives during disasters. This study contributes to a broader understanding of the effectiveness of SAR dogs and provides practical recommendations for enhancing disaster response strategies.
Fire and explosion hazard analysis during surface transport of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG): A case study of LPG truck tanker accident in Kannur
- Vimal Srivastava
- Chandra
Srivastava, Vimal Chandra (2016): Fire and explosion
hazard analysis during surface transport of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG): A case study
of LPG truck tanker accident in Kannur, Kerala, India. Journal of Loss Prevention in the
Process Industries. Volume 40. Netherlands.
Modelling the Consequences of Explosion, Fire and Gas Leakage in Domestic Cylinders Containing LPG
- Alireza Koohpaei
Koohpaei, Alireza (2018): Modelling the Consequences of Explosion, Fire and Gas Leakage in Domestic Cylinders Containing LPG, Medical and Health
Sciences Research, Vol 8, Special Issue 1, United Kingdom.
A methodological guide for assessing internal front risk management, Palestinian Ministry of Interior, Gaza. LPG Bottling Plant
- Bpcl Kappalur
Directorate General of Planning and Development (2020): A methodological guide for assessing internal front risk management, Palestinian Ministry of Interior, Gaza.
LPG Bottling Plant, BPCL Kappalur (2017): Risk analysis study report, Risk Chem Engineering Bharat Petroleum Corporation Ltd, Madurai.
Environmental Protection Plan in the Gaza Strip, unpublished doctoral thesis
- Mohammed El-Mougher
El-Mougher, Mohammed (2016): Environmental Protection Plan in the Gaza Strip, unpublished doctoral thesis, Al-Azhar Al-Sharif University, Egypt.
Indicators of Risk Assessment and Management in Industrial Facilities in Gaza Strip
- Mohammad El-Mougher
El-Mougher, Mohammad (2019): Indicators of Risk Assessment and Management in Industrial Facilities in Gaza Strip, Journal of Engineering Sciences and Information Technology,
vol. 2, No. 2, Arab Journal of Science and Research Publishing, Gaza.
United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (2017): Empowering Cities to Resilience
Guide to Local Government Leadership, United Nations, Geneva.
Disaster Risk Management for World Heritage
UNESCO (2016): Disaster Risk Management for World Heritage, United Nations UNESCO.