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The Impact of Inflation
on Poverty,
Food & Nutrition Security
Presented by:
•Heba El-Laithy
•Dina Armanious
•Aliaa Hafez
OBJECTIVES OF THE ANALYSIS
Further inform
policy
responses to
strengthen food
& Nutrition
security,
protect
vulnerable
populations,
ensuring leave
no one behind
Measure the impact of
different inflation
scenarios on:
* Poverty specially among
children
* Nutritional and dietary
diversity of the
population with a specific
focus on children esp
children under five
* Inform policy responses
regarding the impact of
government newly launched
stimulus packages on child
poverty, food & nutrition
security
* Inform social assistance
needed to mitigate the
negative economic
implications of inflation
The severity of the impacts of the current crisis will depend on how long the crisis lasts,
and on the ongoing efforts to mitigate and respond to these impacts with regards to:
•Stimulus packages (amounts, distribution and duration) to immediately cushion the
impacts on vulnerable groups,
•Fiscal and monetary policies to address inflation
Poverty and food security are highly sensitive to inflation, we consider
three inflation scenarios to assess the size of poverty and food security
impact in the short term
1. Baseline inflation Scenario: where the rate of price changes in July 2022
is applied
2. High inflation Scenario: As projected by IMF, where the rise in inflation is
expected to reach 23%
3. Low inflation Scenario: where the rise in inflation is expected to decline
to 10%
Availability
Access Utilization
Food
Security
1. Sufficient quantities of food of
appropriate quality, supplied through
domestic production or imports
(including food aid)
2. Access to adequate
resources (e.g. income,
purchasing power) to acquire
appropriate food for a
nutritious diet
3. Utilization of food through
adequate diet, clean water,
sanitation and health care to reach
a state of nutritional well-being
where physiological needs are met
Access to adequate food at all times, without risk of losing this as
a consequence of sudden shocks (e.g. economic / climatic crisis)
or cyclical events (e.g. seasonal food insecurity)
Stability
Monitoring
The Food Security Framework
Indicators for food security
Poverty, and caloric and other
micro-nutrient deficiency are
used as quantity indicators for
access dimension of food
insecurity.
Dietary diversity scores,
consumption pattern and
sources of energy are used as
quality indicators.
Consumption data is collected on household level. All individuals in deprived households are
considered deprived. The only exception is child dietary diversity indicator which are
measured at the child level.
Data source
•The analysis relies on data from series of nationally
representative Egypt Household Income, Expenditure and
Consumption Surveys, conducted by the Central Agency for
Public Mobilization and Statistics (CAPMAS).
•HIECS 2019/20 covered the period from Oct 2019 –March
2020.
•For trend analysis and validation we use also HIECS 2015 and
2017/18
Why measure the
impact of inflation ?
Key Messages
Inflation is the main factor for poverty and food & Nutrition insecurity
•Inflation is mainly driven by food price increase,
•Inflation hits all segments of population, but it is higher for the poor as
they allocate more of their budget share to food.
•The impact of inflation on food security can be explained by coping
strategies adopted by households that have experienced deteriorated
living conditions or price increases, where depending on cheaper, less
nutritious food is one of the main coping strategies adopted.
Inflation continues to accelerate, with inflation
reaching 21.9% in December 2022
6.5 8.0
10.0
12.1
14.9 15.3 14.7 14.6 15.2 15.3 16.3
19.2
21.9
9.7
14.0
20.1
23.2
29.3 27.9
24.2 23.8 24.2
21.5
23.9
30.9
37.9
DEC-21 JAN-22 FEB-22 MAR-22 APR-22 MAY-22 JUN-22 JUL-22 AUG_22 SEPT_22 OCT_22 NOV_22 DEC_22
Change in prices with respect to the corresponding month of
the previous year -Inflation
All Food
•The increase
continues to be driven
by food & beverage
inflation
where food CPI
is higher than overall
CPI by 16 percentage
points in December
2022
Inflation hits all segments of population, but it is higher for
the poor as they allocate more of their budget share to
food.
40.05
36.95 35.12
32.39
23.83
30.71
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
35.00
40.00
45.00
1 2 3 4 5 All Egypt
Food Shares by quintiles
104
106
108
110
112
114
116
118
120
122
CPI by month with respect to corresponding month of previous year, by quintiles
1 2 3 4 5
Inflation is the main factor for poverty and
food & Nutrition insecurity
•Actual increase in poverty between
2015 and 2018 reached 4.7
percentage points,
•The increase of about 5.6 percentage
points in poverty can be accounted for
by the inflation factor.
•Real growth would reduce poverty by
0.97 percentage points; distributional
change (which is also poverty-
reducing) would increase it by 0.1
percentage points.
Changes All
Egypt Urban Rural
Actual
4.71 7.88 2.26
Due to growth
-0.97 1.49 -4.36
Due to
inequality
0.07 1.65 0.37
Due to inflation
5.61 4.74 6.26
Triple composition of poverty
changes, 2015-2018 (percent):
Depending on cheaper and less nutritious food are the most coping
strategies adopted by households that experienced deteriorated
living conditions or price increases & stagnant income
1.8
11.1
20.8
22.1
31.1
33.7
35.9
88.2
89.7
0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 90.0 100.0
Spend day or more without food
Reduce food consumption of adults
Coping crisis
Reduce number of meals
Coping emergency
Coping Stress
Reduce meal size
Reduce weekly consumption of meat/poultry
Relay on cheaper food
% of households who experienced insufficient food by
coping strategies, 2019/20
Strategies affect food security and human capital specially for the poor
•The most common shocks
reported by households are
price inflation of food, non-
food items and emergency
diseases (a sudden illness of
any of the family members
& high expenses of
treatment)
Impact of price changes &
inflation on poverty
Inflation scenario 23 %
Key Messages
Poverty and Impact of government’s stimulus
package on Poverty
•Poverty rate reached 29.7% of individuals in 2019/20.
•Poverty rate is higher among households with children 33%, especially among
households with children of 5 years or less (35%).
•Generally, poverty is expected to increase from
29.7% in 2019/20 to 36.7% at an
inflation rate of 23 % and with the implementation of the government stimulus
package,
thus
7 million more individuals are expected to become poor
.
•Increases in poverty- due to inflation- are higher
among rural areas & individuals
with unacceptable dietary diversity and among large household sizes, and
among HHs with children
( especially children under five)
Key Messages
Poverty and Impact of government’s stimulus package on
Poverty
•Targeting of stimulus package to cushion the extreme poor especially among
households with children and among children is efficient.
•However, still the extreme poor need to be pushed above the national poverty
line. The increase in consumption will still be insufficient to move the extreme
poor above the national poverty line.
•HHs that have moved from extreme poverty remained in the higher poverty
category and some of those who moved from the poor to near poor category,
were still highly vulnerable.
At 23% inflation rate: All forms of poverty including extreme poverty are
expected to increase. The near poor are slightly increased.
The percentage of those non-poor are projected to decrease to 36 % from 45%
4.5
25.2 25
45.2
7.2
31.2
25.1
36.4
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Extreme poor Poor Near poor Non-poor
% of individuals in different poverty category
2019/20 23% inflation rate
4.50
25.24 25.03
45.23
4.50
25.24 25.03
45.23
7.24
31.18
25.14
36.44
3.20
32.52
27.29
36.99
0.00
5.00
10.00
15.00
20.00
25.00
30.00
35.00
40.00
45.00
50.00
extrene poor poor near poor non-poor extrene poor poor near poor non-poor
scenarios without stimulus scenarios with stimulus
Poverty incidence without and with mitigation measures
2019/20 23%inflation rate
Stimulus package is efficiently targeting the extreme poor
especially among households with children and among
children
Out of Pocket Expenditure
on Education and Health
(HIECS 2019/2020)
Key Messages
Out of pocket education and health expenditures
•Private tutoring represents the largest share of educational spending, for the extreme
poor, the poor and near poor (26%, 37% and 40%, respectively).
•The high budget shares of private tutoring represent high burden the extreme poor, the
poor and the near poor must suffer to provide reasonable quality of education, a burden
that can be avoided if schools provide good education services. Households could divert
private tutoring spending to providing more nourished food to their children.
•About one fifth of the poor and near poor spend more than 10% of their consumption on
health.
•Although the extreme poor and the poor are not able to meet their basic needs, yet 20%
of them
divert more than 10% of their expenditure
to pay for their medical expenses.
Out Of Pocket expenditure on education
impact living standards
•Private tutoring represents the largest share of educational spending
•With no OOP expenditure on education for the poor and near-poor, 2.1% of the
population are moved from the poor to near-poor status and 2.7% from near-poor
to non-poor status
Without private tutoring expenditure
Poor Near-poor Non-poor All
Actual poverty
status
Poor
27.6%2.1%.0% 29.7%
Near
-poor 22.3%2.7%25.0%
Non
-poor 45.2%45.2%
All
27.6%24.5%47.9%100.0%
Impact of Out Of Pocket expenditure on health on living
standards
32
18
23
29
39
29
34
28
17
22
28
34
25
30
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
All population extreme poor poor near poor non poor urban rural
Incidence of catastrophic health spending
all households households with children
•18% of extreme poor, 23% of the poor and 29% of the near poor spend more than
10% of their consumption on health
•The extreme poor and the poor are not able to meet their basic needs, yet 20% of
them
divert more than 10% of their expenditure on food, shelter or clothing
to pay
for their medical expenses
Review of Food & Nutrition Security Indicators
(2019/2020)
Projected impact on Food Security Indicators using 23% inflation
scenario data
Impact of Inflation on food & Nutrition
security
A. Dietary Diversity
B. Caloric deficiency and
C. Micronutrient deficiency
D. Child Dietary diversity for children 6-59 months
Key Messages
•Food insecurity in Egypt remains an issue of household access to food driven by low
purchasing power.
•The causes of food insecurity are directly related to inadequate dietary intake & poor
dietary diversity ( it is also related to quality of basic services, health and care practices)
•Poverty and food insecurity problems have multiple causes, requiring a multisectoral
design of policies and programs in a multifaceted way.
•Programs addressing poverty and food insecurity problems are associated with
✓access to food,
✓micronutrient deficiencies,
✓poor nutritional knowledge and behaviour,
✓a combination of these.
Review of Food & Nutrition Security
Indicators (2019/2020)
A. Dietary diversity
B. Caloric deficiency and
C. Micronutrient deficiency
D. Child Dietary diversity for children 6-59 months
Key Messages
Access to food
Poverty is the main driver of food insecurity
•Overall, 31% of HHs exhibited
unacceptable DD scores
.
•74% of extreme poor & 49% of the poor exhibited unacceptable DD scores; compared with
17% for the non-poor
Among households with children 0-17 years
▪Overall, 35%of HHs with children 0-17 years exhibited unacceptable DD score
▪75% of extreme poor, 51% of the poor & 22% of the non-poor had unacceptable DD score
Key Messages
Access to food
Poverty is the main driver of food insecurity
•For Caloric deficiency : 57% of extremely poor and 32% of the poor living
in HHs with children 0-17 years do not meet their minimum daily caloric
needs, compared to 9% among non-poor
•The analysis concerned with energy intake regardless the source of energy
•
However, it is necessary to also assess the sources of caloric/energy intake
and the implications on the nutritional status
•Overall, Consumption of micronutrients among 47% of the population
was less than the Required Nutrient Intake, 9% of individuals -of all ages-
are consuming less than the Required Nutrient Intake for iron, 42% for folic
acid and 13% for Vitamin A
Under 23%
inflation scenario;
it is expected that
percentage of HHs
with unacceptable
DD score will rise
from 31% to 38%
(about 7
percentage points
increase)
34.9
27.6
73.8
49.2
28.5
17.4 12.1
32.1
40.8
30.7
39.5 36.9
81.9
52.5
30.8
21.9 15.9
36.9
54.6
38.0
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
90.0
Urban Rural Extreme
poor
Poor Near poor Non poor 1-3 4-5 6+
Urb/rur Poverty household size Total
% of individuals with unacceptable dietary diversity by poverty status and
geographic areas
Hiecs 2019/29 23% inflation rate
The % of persons with Unacceptable dietary diversity increased with
higher inflation rates, with the higher level of deterioration in DD
among rural areas, the extreme poor & with larger HH size
In 2019/2020, the consumption of micronutrients among 47% of the
population was less than the Required Nutrient Intake
•8.7% of individuals -of all ages- are consuming less than the Required
Nutrient Intake for iron, 42% for folic acid and 12.7% for Vitamin A
•47% of individuals consumed less than recommended from at least one
of the micronutrients (Iron, folic acid, Vit A, Vit D, zinc)
8.7
42.0
12.7 3.9 0.8
46.8
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
50.0
Iron Folic acid Vitamin A Vitamin D Zinc Any micronutrient
Percent of population suffer deficiency, 2019/20
Micronutrient intake decreases with age of children,
2019/2020
Among children by age group: % of deficiency of micronutrients
6.3
31.9
12.7
3.0 0.8
9.9
44.2
15.3
4.5 1.1
8.9
40.7
14.6
4.1 1.0
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
Iron Folic acid VitaminA VitaminD Zinc
less than 5 years 5 -17 years Total children 0-17
Iron intake decreases by 10 percentage points with
price inflation among children 0-17 years
8.9 98.8
32.6
14.0
6.2 3.3 4.8 6.4
12.9 12.9 9.2 7.6 4.4
18.7 19.6 18.2
45.5
27.0
15.6
10.5 11.7 15.2
24.8 23.2
18.8 17.5 13.7
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Urban Rural Extreme
poor
Poor Near Poor Non-poor 1-3 4-5 6+ Illiterate Prim_Prep. Secondary University +
Total Residence Poverty Status Household Size Education of mothers
% of children 0-17 years suffering iron deficiency
HIECS 2019/20 23% inflation rate
Folic acid intake decreases by 20 percentage points
among children 0-17 years with price inflation
40.7
29.9
47.6
75.8
56.6
40.1
23.2
52.7
38.7 39.2
24.7
61.0
54.6
65.1
84.6
74.2
63.4
45.2
66.4
57.7 62.3
51.2
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
90.0
Urban Rural Ultra poor Poor Near Poor Non-poor Illiterate Prim_Prep. Secondary University +
Total Residence Poverty Status Education of mothers
% of children 0-17 years suffering folic acid deficiency
HIECS 2019/20 23% inflation rate
Vitamins A Intake is expected to decrease by 5
percentage points with price inflation
12.7 10.2
14.7
44.6
22.9
10.4
5.2 5.4
10.9
20.6
17.6 15.1
19.5
52.1
26.8
11.8
6.9 7.4
15.5
27.8
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Total Urban Rural Extreme poor Poor Near Poor Non-poor 1-3 4-5 6+
Residence Poverty Household Size
% of individuals suffering Vitamin A deficiency
HIECS 2019/20 23% inflation rate
Dietary diversity among children 6-59 months
Half of all children 6-59 months consumed
1. Eggs, and meat products (meat, poultry and fish), a maximum
of only
2 days per week
;
2. Legumes
3 days per week
;
3. Fruits and vegetables only
4 days per week
; and
4. Dairy products
5 days per week
Access to food:
Combined food security
indicators
Unacceptable DD, Caloric deficiency
and consumption of micronutrients
Key Messages
Access to food
Poverty is the main driver of food insecurity
•8% of individuals living in HH with children 0-17 years experienced
unacceptable DD, and Caloric and consumption of micronutrients
deficiency, thus they are poor in access to food; only 35% have good access
to food
•Monetary poverty affects accessibility to food: 40% of extreme income
poor have poor access to food, while only 2% among non-income poor
have poor access to food
•
Poor access to food is expected to increase from 8% in 2019/20 to 20%
with the increased inflation scenario, translating to 9.8 million more
persons with poor access to food
8% of individuals living in HH with children 0-17 years have
poor access to food; only 35% have good access to food
Combined food security indicators measures both quality and quantity of
access to food
8.1 4.2 5.0 3.4
11.9 10.7
22.2
34.5
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
Uacceptable DD &
Caloric &
micronutrient
deficient
Uacceptable DD &
Caloric deficient &
sufficient
micronutrient
Acceptable DD &
Caloric &
micronutrient
deficient
Acceptable DD &
Caloric deficient &
sufficient
micronutrient
Uacceptable DD &
Sufficient calories &
micronutrient
deficient
Unacceptable DD &
Sufficient Calories &
micronutrient
Acceptable DD &
Sufficient Calories &
micronutrient
deficient
Acceptable DD &
Sufficient Calories &
micronutrient
Distribution of individuals living in households with children 0-17 years by overlay
of food security indicators, 2019/20
Monetary poverty affects accessibility to food: 40% of extreme
income poor have poor access to food, 2% among non-income
poor have poor access to food
40.4
14 4.6 1.9 8.1
39.8
33.9
19.4
10.4
21.1
18
39.2
42.6
32.3
36.3
1.8 12.9
33.4
55.4
34.5
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Extreme poor Poor Near Poor Non-poor Total
Distribution of individuals living in households with children according to
overlay of food security and poverty, 2019/20
Poor access Two poor indicators One poor indicator Non-poor access to food
Poor access to food is expected to increase from 8% in 2019/20 to 20%
with the increased inflation scenario, translating to 9.8 million more
persons with poor access to food
8.1
4.2 53.4
11.9 10.7
22.2
34.5
19.8
4.1
8.8
3.1
12.9
6
23.7 21.7
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Poor Access to
food
Unacceptable DD &
Caloric deficient &
sufficient
micronutrient
Acceptable DD &
Caloric &
micronutrient
deficient
Acceptable DD &
Caloric deficient &
sufficient
micronutrient
Unacceptable DD &
Sufficient calories
& micronutrient
deficient
Unacceptable DD &
Sufficient Calories
& micronutrient
Acceptable DD &
Sufficient Calories
& micronutrient
deficient
Non-poor Access to
food
Distribution of individuals living in HH with children 0-17 years by overlay of food
security
HIECS 2019/20 23% inflation rate
Takaful and Karama ‘First
1000 Days’ program baseline
data
Takaful and Karama ‘First 1000 Days’ program
baseline data
•Children 0-23 months under the “1000 day’s nutrition program do not represent
all Egyptian children under 2 years of age. They represent children 0-23 months
registered under the Ministry of Social Solidarity’s Takaful & Karama programme,
receiving unconditional Cash Transfers to enhance their food and nutrition
security
•Dietary diversity for children 6-23 months under the “First 1000 Days’ program”
is assessed by measuring the prevalence of Minimum Dietary Diversity (MDD)
among these children
•Child dietary diversity using HIECS data is evaluated by the food security module
that provides the consumption patterns of children during a 7 days recall period.
•
DD and food consumption patterns of children 6-23 months are compared
using the two methodologies
Dietary Diversity among children 6-23 months using
HIECS 2019/20
Half of all children 6-23 months consumed :
•Eggs, and meat, a maximum of only 2 days per week;
•Legumes 3 days per week;
•Fruits or vegetables only 4 days per week; and
•Dairy products 5 days per week.
•Only 35% of children consumed fruits or vegetables daily as recommended by
WHO guidelines
•Almost half of children 6-23 months (51%) consumed dairy products daily (6-7
days during the week prior to survey)
DD among children 6-23 months under the “First 1000
day’s program”
•Data of “1000 Days’ program” shows that 43% of children 0-23 months met
the requirements of Minimum Dietary Diversity (MDD), and children in rural
areas are more likely to diversify their diets than those in urban areas. This
result agreed with the results at the national level.
•As expected, the consumption of different food groups among children 6-23
months in the “1000 Days’ program” is less than that presented at the national
level, since most of children covered by the 1000 Days’ program are poor and
food insecure.
•Education of head of households as well as the education of child’s
mothers/caregivers has a great impact on receiving the children the appropriate
feeding and diverse food.
Thank you
Recommendations
Government’s response
The Government of Egypt continues to respond to the economic situation to protect families impacted the
most. The Ministry of Finance (MoF) earmarked a mitigation package worth 130 billion EGP (1.6% of the FY
2022/23 GDP). The latter includes hikes in public wages, pensions, allowances, as well as tax cuts, such as raising
the personal income tax exemption.
•Adding one million new families to the Takaful and Karama programme, reaching over 5 million
HHs. Increasing allocations to social assistance to 22 billion EGP
•Increasing benefit level of TKP beneficiaries by 25% per month, starting from April 2023
•Raising minimum wage from 2,700 to 3,000 EGP.
•Extension of package for food ration cards, with additional funds between 100 to 300 EGP per household at
a cost of 8.5 billion and adding new commodities to the list of subsidized food commodities.
•Raising the tax exemption limit from 24,000 to 30,000 EGP annually.
The underlying causes of Poverty , food and nutrition insecurity
have multi-faceted causes design policies and programs in a
multifaceted way
•
The below recommendations and suggested strategies emerged from poverty
and food security evidence base analysis and the impact of recent inflation
and another high and low inflation scenario.
•Food insecurity in Egypt remains an issue of household access to food driven
by purchasing power. The causes of food insecurity are directly related to
inadequate dietary intake and on poor dietary diversity.
•Programs addressing poverty and food insecurity problems are associated with
access to food, micronutrient deficiencies, poor nutritional knowledge and
behavior, or a combination of these.
Immediate/short term policy recommendations
Social Assistance/TKP:
-
Continue horizontal and vertical expansion
of the TKP to immediately mitigate the negative impacts of the crisis on
the food and nutrition security of vulnerable HHs and avert the negative coping strategies.
Consider temporary expansion of T&K to near poor families.
Enhance and scale up the ‘first 1000 days’ coverage under T&K in coordination with MOHP
-
Use of social registries for timely response
; Regular update and automation of beneficiary and non-beneficiary
registries The presence of a such registries allows families to access entitlements they were previously not
eligible for, can be trough adjusting the PMT scores or targeting methodologies to allow for horizontal
expansion.
-
Continue monitoring inflation and its impact on poor HHS,
and adjust benefits to ensure mitigation of impact on
poor HHs.
Extension of social insurance for informal workers ( expedite registration – future crisis response)
Early warning systems for crisis response: To effectively address the constantly evolving and thus requires
routinely evidence and analyses.
Immediate/short term policy recommendations
Scale up priority nutrition specific and nutrition sensitive interventions under the National Food And Nutrition
Strategy 2022-2030;
Prioritize interventions by vulnerability data on poverty and food insecurity
Micronutrient blanket supplementation
under primary health care for PLWs and children under two, Adolescents
mainly adolescent girls’
Revive the National Flour fortification programme
under the food subsidy system
Scale up the set of essential interventions under primary health care under the 1000 days
, scale up ANC
Breastfeeding, MN supplementation (Vitamins A, D, iron folic acid), growth monitoring, etc ( WB investment case)
Enhance and scale up the use of a dynamic food and nutrition monitoring system ( based on existing data
platforms)
for food and nutrition security to inform decision making; target priority issues such as anemia,
overweight/obesity, NCDs, stunting, IYCF
A
Intermediate term actions
Costing for specific key interventions (public financing to introduce, expand or improve services)
Prioritize health and education services to reduce Out of Pocket Expenditures ( PER)
Increase education and health public expenditures to boost investment in human capital; expenditure on
preventative, primary health care, Family planning, enhanced capacity of service providers, enhanced coverage
and efficiency.
Address inequalities related to regional imbalances (prioritized by vulnerabilities) and specifically gender-
Leveraging on Hayah Karima
Active labour market policies /access to economic opportunities
Graduation programs for social assistance beneficiaries, promoting employability skills for youth /women, access
to finance, innovation and digitalization ; link with food systems ( nutrition sensitive agribusinesses)
Integrated and digital information systems as key enablers
A
Intermediate term actions
Expedite the Food subsidy targeting and reform ( nutrition sensitive) : while food subsidies have the highest impact
on poverty reduction (as it has the biggest coverage), they also attract the largest budget; need to enhance targeting
to address leakages and link to nutrition outcomes.
Nutrition sensitive school Feeding
School-meals are an effective means to directly reaching vulnerable children and can have a positive effect on
nutrition, health and education outcomes. Enhancing and diversifying nutrition content of school meals to address
issues of access and value of meals.
Institutionalize nutrition monitoring and screening of school age children and adolescents for early detection and
management of malnutrition among school children
Social Behavioral Change: Implement social behavior change interventions to promote healthy eating practices, and
diversified diets, including through the consumption of locally available nutritious foods( IYCF, NCDs etc)
Through national campaigns, platforms, initiatives ( 100 million healthy, Waie etc)
Nutrition sensitive agricultural practices
Thank you
