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Gastrochilus flabelliformis (Blatt. & McCann) C.J.Saldanha (Epidendroideae: Vandeae: Aeridinae), an addition to the orchid flora of Sri Lanka, with taxonomic notes on Gastrochilus dasypogon (Sm.) Kuntze
Abstract
Gastrochilus flabelliformis (Blatt. & McCann) C.J.Saldanha is added to the
orchid flora of Sri Lanka from the lowland intermediate zone and G. obliquus
(Lindl.) Kuntze is omitted from the list. A detailed taxonomic description, color
plates, and line drawings with habitat ecology and distribution are provided for
the former. Taxonomic notes on the identity of true Gastrochilus dasypogon
(Sm.) Kuntze are also discussed in this paper, resulting in the merger of G. acutifolius (≡S. acutifolium), G. denticulatus (≡S. denticulatum), and G. dentatus (≡S.
dentatum) under the synonymy of the former.
... Sri Lanka solely nurtures 3,087 native angiosperm species, which are included into 186 families. Diversified family Orchidaceae ranking third among the highest species-rich families in the country (The National Red List 2021) with 197 native species (including seven subspecies) which that belong to 83 genera including recently described and recorded species since the National Red List 2020 (Wijesundara et al. 2021;Bandara et al. 2022aBandara et al. , 2022bAmerasinghe et al. 2023;Gopallawa et al. 2023). The percentage of endemicity of the members in family Orchidaceae is 32%, and the risk of extinction is alarmingly high as 71% for the Sri Lankan orchids (Wijesundara et al. 2021). ...
Habenaria reniformis (D.Don) Hook.f. and Liparis deflexa Hook.f. (Orchidaceae), known to be widespread in south and south-east Asia, are now reported here for the first time from Sri Lanka. Detailed taxonomic descriptions on Sri Lankan specimens, information on type, line drawings, notes on habitats, ecology, updated global distribution, and conservation status of these species for Sri Lanka are provided. The total number of the species of family Orchidaceae in Sri Lanka now stands at 199 species with these two additions.
Pteroceras dalaputtuwa, a new species, is described from the lowland-wet zone of Sri Lanka. For the first time in the history of plant nomenclature, a new species is named after an elephant, 'Galgamuwa Dala Puttuwa', which was killed for its majestic ivory. The new species shows a close morphological affinity with P. philippinense from the Philippines. However, P. dalaputtuwa sp. nov. can be readily distinguished by having small and partially opened flowers (10 mm long × 5 mm wide), short petals (4 mm long × 1 mm wide), short sepals (4.9 mm long × 3.0 mm wide), and elongated rectangular-oval spur (7 mm long × 3 mm wide). Pteroceras viridiflorum, which was considered a "Critically Endangered Possibly Extinct" [CR(PE)] orchid, was also recollected after a gap of nearly 150 years with a record of a new colour form (white colour variant) and, is re-described with designation of a lectotype and an epitype.
Gastrochilus and related taxa is a diverse group of horticultural and threatened orchids occurring mainly in South-East Asia. Although Gastrochilus is a small genus, the generic and interspecific relationships of it are still not well understood. Here, we present a molecular study using sequence data from nuclear internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and four plastid DNA regions (matK, psbA-trnH, psbM-trnD, trnL-F) to clarify these relationships. Our results indicated that Gastrochilus is monophyletic and subdivided into five clades. Haraella is nested in Pomatocalpa, and together they are sister to Gastrochilus. Five morphological characters (epichile hairs, stem type, leaf size, dorsal sepal size and presence of leaf spots) agree well with the molecular phylogenetic trees and can be used to subdivide Gastrochilus. Two new species are separated from G. calceolaris, and the status of the confused species G. somai and G. fuscopunctatus is clarified as a distinct species. The molecular phylogenetic trees and evaluation of characters indicate that shifts in pollination system in Gastrochilus have occurred independently at least three times.
Gastrochilus dulongjiangensis, a new species from Gaoligongshan National Natural Reserve, Yunnan, China, is described here. It is morphologically similar to G. pseudodistichus and G. fuscopunctatus, but can be distinguished from them by having the orbicular epichile, hypochile as wide as epichile and fusiform pollinia. A preliminary risk-of-extinction assessment shows that the new species should be regarded as Data Deficient (DD) according to the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria.
Although Gastrochilus Don (1825:32) is a small genus, its generic and interspecific relationships are still not well understood (Seidenfaden1988, Tsi 1996, Pridgeon et al. 2014, Zou et al. 2015). It comprises 64 species collectively distributed from China, India and Sri Lanka through eastern Asia and southern Japan to Indonesia and the Philippines (Kumar et al. 2014, Govaerts et al. 2015, Raskoti 2016). China is the centre of species diversity for the genus, which contains 39 species, 19 of which are believed to be endemic (Tsi 1999, Chen et al. 2009, Yi et al. 2012, Kumar et al. 2014). During our field investigation in southeastern Yunnan, two unusual species of this genus were discovered. After undertaking a comprehensive literature and herbarium review, these two species were identified as G. sect. Gastrochilus Don (1825: 32), which is characterized by stout stem with large cauline leaves. One is a new record for China, and the other is the new species.
Gastrochilus nepalensis, a new species of orchids from central Nepal is described. A key to its allied species is provided. Thirteen species are reported as new records for Nepal: Epipogium japonicum, Goodyera nankoensis, Habenaria davidii, Habenaria wolongensis, Herminium chloranthum, Herminium kamengense, Herminium longilobatum, Herminium pusillum, Liparis campylostalix, Peristylus calcaratus, Platanthera stenochila, Platanthera roseotincta, Platanthera yadongensis.
The present analysis of endemic orchids shows a total account of 130 species belonging to 38 genera in peninsular India. Of these, 43 are terrestrial, 85 epiphytic and two holomycotrophic (saprophytic). The Western Ghats comprises of 123 endemic orchid species, Deccan Plateau has 29 endemic orchid species and Eastern Ghats has 22 endemic orchid species. However, in the present analysis the number of endemic species is reduced from the earlier reports because of the rapid development in the taxonomic explorations in the neighboring countries. As a result, many species were found to show extended distribution.
A new species, Gastrochilus kadooriei, is described from Hong Kong. Notes are presented on its distribution, ecology and conservation status, and its distinguishing features are compared with those of allied taxa. Gastrochilus jeitouensis is reduced to the synonymy of G. distichus, and a lectotype is assigned for G. pseudodistichus. Gastrochilus fuscopunctatus is reinstated as an accepted species. Dichotomous keys to this taxonomically difficult group of morphologically similar species are presented.
A general description of Sri Lanka and its bioclimatic zones are presented. The history of the Island's orchid taxonomy is briefly reviewed. An updated checklist is presented for the country's orchid flora using recent information. New species, new records and nomenclatural changes from previous lists are annotated with appropriate references. This work lists 188 species belonging to 78 genera with one endemic genus (Adrorhizon Hook. f.) and 55 endemic species. A new name, Bulbophyllum jayaweerae Fernando et Ormerod, is proposed for Cirrhopetalum roseum Jayaweera. Illegitimacy of the name Saccolabium virescens Gardner ex Lindl. is discussed and this species is described as a new taxon, Robiquetia virescens Ormerod et Fernando. K K K K Keywords: eywords: eywords: eywords: eywords: Sri Lanka, Orchids, Bulbophyllum jayaweerae, Robiquetia virescens, New name, New taxon
GeoCAT is an open source, browser based tool that performs rapid geospatial analysis to ease the process of Red Listing taxa. Developed to utilise spatially referenced primary occurrence data, the analysis focuses on two aspects of the geographic range of a taxon: the extent of occurrence (EOO) and the area of occupancy (AOO). These metrics form part of the IUCN Red List categories and criteria and have often proved challenging to obtain in an accurate, consistent and repeatable way. Within a familiar Google Maps environment, GeoCAT users can quickly and easily combine data from multiple sources such as GBIF, Flickr and Scratchpads as well as user generated occurrence data. Analysis is done with the click of a button and is visualised instantly, providing an indication of the Red List threat rating, subject to meeting the full requirements of the criteria. Outputs including the results, data and parameters used for analysis are stored in a GeoCAT file that can be easily reloaded or shared with collaborators. GeoCAT is a first step toward automating the data handling process of Red List assessing and provides a valuable hub from which further developments and enhancements can be spawned.
The paper continues publication of new original data on orchid diversity in Vietnam (tribes Cymbidieae and Vandeae) obtained in 2016-2018. It includes data on 2 genera and 10 species new for the flora of Vietnam. Among them, six species are new to science (Ascocentrum hienii, Biermannia canhii, Cymbidium tamphianum, Gastrochilus setosus, Malleola luongii, Robiquetia orlovii). Four other species are found on the territory of Vietnam for the first time (Bogoria raciborskii, Lesliea mirabilis, Pennilabium struthio, Uncifera obtusifolia). Two genera, Bogoria and Lesliea, are newly recorded for the flora of Vietnam. One new nomenclature combination (Ascocentropsis malipoensis), one new name (Ascocentropsis yunnanensis) and one lectotype (for Uncifera obtusifolia) are proposed. When the new data presented in this paper are included, the known orchid flora of Vietnam comprises about 1220 documented species from 174 genera.
Endemism is concentrated in the lowland Mixed Dipterocarp forests. Within the wet zone, soils and historical geography play a more important role, and altitude a less important role in floristic differentiation than formerly thought. The endemic flora is found to dominate the mature phase, and comprises a greater proportion of stand density and basal area than its floristic representation would suggest. The capacity of the endemic component to re-invade cleared land is poor, however. Gap phase species, many of which are also endemic, play a more important role in wet zone forests than is the rule in the Far East. Contour mapping of floristic variation within this plot using a nearest neighbour technique revealed an unexpected pattern of past disturbance. -from Authors
Following the treatment of the orchid flora of Thailand in the series “Orchid Genera in Thailand and the recent paper by G. Seidenfaden & J. J. Wood 1992 on “The Orchids of Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore”, the present paper aims at filling the gap in our knowledge of the orchids of the Southeastasiatic mainland by compiling a survey of the orchids of Indochina, here understood as covering the areas of Laos, Cambodia and Vietnam. It is found that the family is represented here by 140 genera with a total of some 800 species. Keys to their identification are supplied, and the enumeration is complemented by 306 analytical figures and 32 colourplates. Two new monotypic genera, Deceptor and Cleisostomopsis, and 12 new species are proposed.
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