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PratimChatterjee,SmitaDatta:Bibliometrijskaisadržajnaanalizaliteratureoulozizdravstvenog... 7
REVIEW PREGLEDNIRAD
UDK:338.48-6:615.8:640.412(100)
JELclassication:L83,Z31
DOI:https://doi.org/10.22598/at/2023.35.1.7
PratimCHATTERJEE*
SmitaDATTA**
BIBLIOMETRIJSKAISADRŽAJNAANALIZALITERATUREOULOZI
ZDRAVSTVENOGHOTELAUMEDICINSKOMIWELLNESSTURIZMU
BIBLIOMETRICANDCONTENTANALYSISOFLITERATUREONROLE
OFHEALTHCAREHOTELINMEDICALANDWELLNESSTOURISM
SAŽETAK: Cilj ovoga rada je dati pregled literature kako bi se ustanovile varijable, teorije i
modelikojiutječunaodluketuristaoizboruzdravstvenoghotelazasvojeliječenjeiwellness.Učlanku
sekorištenjemtražiliceGoogleScholarbibliometrijskiisadržajnoanalizirajusvaznačajnapodručja
istraživanjaprovedenaposljednjihdvadesetgodina.Rezultatistudijepreporučujuzdravstvenimhote-
limafokusiranjenasljedećevarijablezastjecanjekonkurentneprednosti:medicinskaine-medicinska
infrastruktura,zadovoljstvoklijenata,kvalitetausluge,materijalniuvjeti,itd.Takođerseznanstveni-
cimaiturističkimstručnjacimapredlažusmjernicezabudućaistraživanja,poputkoristiimogućnosti
pretvaranjanespecičnihhotelauzdravstveneilidodavanjajedinicazazdravstvenuskrbpostojećim
hotelima, ulogezdravstvenoghotelakao izvoradeviznog priljevaodmeđunarodnihzdravstvenih i
wellnessturistakaoiznačajhotelazdravstveneskrbiuvrijemeepidemijeilipandemije.
KLJUČNERIJEČI: zdravstveni hotel, medicinski turizam, wellness turizam, hotel s medicin-
skim uslugama, bibliometrijska analiza
ABSTRACT: The paper aims to list the literature identifying those variables, theories, and mod-
els that impact the tourists’ decisions on choosing healthcare hotels for their medical treatment and
wellnesswellbeing.Thearticlehasundertakenbibliometricandcontentanalysesofallthesignicant
researchareasoflasttwodecadesusingtheGoogleScholarsearchengine.Thendingsofthisstudy
recommend that healthcare hotels focus on variables like medical and non-medical infrastructure,
customer satisfaction, service quality, physical convenience, etc. to earn a competitive edge. This study
also provides promising directions for future research of the academicians and industry professionals,
suchasbenetsorfeasibilityofconvertingnon-specichotelsintohealthcarehotelsoraddinghealth-
care facilities into their regular features, the role of the healthcare hotel as a foreign exchange earner
frominboundmedicalandwellnesstourists,andthesignicanceofhealthcarehotelsinepidemicsor
pandemics.
KEYWORDS: healthcare hotel, medical tourism, wellness tourism, medical hotel, bibliometric
analysis
* PratimChatterjee,MBA,BSCHHA,ResearchScholar,DepartmentofManagement,UniversityofEngineer-
ingandManagement,Kolkata,WestBengal,India,e-mail:chatterjeepratim29@gmail.com,ORCID:0000-
0002-4136-8157
** Smita Datta, Ph.D., MBA, Assistant Professor, Department of Management, University of Engineering and
Management,Kolkata,WestBengal,India,e-mail:smita.dutta@uem.edu.in,ORCID:0000-0001-7834-942X
8 ActaTuristica,Vol35(2023),No1,pp7-42
1. UVO D
Ogroman rast ugostiteljstva i turizma u
cijelome svijetu rezultirao je brojnim prili-
kama kako u razvijenim tako i u neraz vije-
nim zemljama. Turisti stvaraju prilike za
za pošljavanje, priljev deviza i investiranja
uturizamzemljedomaćina(Odunga,2005;
CsirmaziPető,2015;MishraiPanda,2021).
Zdravljejestanjepotpunogzičkog,mental-
nogisocijalnogboljitka,astručnjaciosigu-
ravajuliječenjeuzdravstvenimustanovama
(Huisman et al., 2012). Zdravstveni turizam
iwellnessturizamčine jedanod najistraži-
vanijih fenomena u ugostiteljstvu i turizmu
(Connell, 2006; Österle, Balazs i Delgado,
2009; Heung, Kucukusta i Song, 2011;
Dryglass, 2012; Chen, Chang i Wu, 2013).
Medicinski i wellness turisti predmetom su
proučavanjadok se liječeisudjelujuu pro-
gramima wellnessa po cijelome svijetu, a nji-
hov broj stalno raste (Hanefeld et al.,2014).
Hoteli su oduvijek naglašavali wellness i
kvalitetu života turista jednakomjerno kao
i primarne usluge poput hrane i smještaja.
Zbogbrzihpromjenaukusaiželjaklijenata,
ugostiteljskisektoruveojeinovativnenačine
imetode unaprjeđivanjaživotaturista (Das
et al., 2022). Većina pregleda literature o
medicinskom i wellness turizmu fokusira se
na destinacije zdravstvenog turizma i izbo-
re turista koji putuju iz razvijenih zemalja u
zemlje u razvoju ili vice versa, a to podrazu-
mijevaperspektivuklijenta(Gallarza,Saura
iGarcía,2002;BeeriliMartin,2004;Biesi
Zacharia,2007;BookmaniBookman,2007;
Burkett,2007;Horowitz,RosensweigiJones,
2007;CarreraiLunt,2010;Heung,Kucuku-
staiSong,2010;MoghimehfariNasr-Esfa-
hani, 2011; Hanefeld et al., 2013; Eissler
iCasken, 2013;Sag i Zengul,2019; Bagga
et al.,2020;Dash,2021).Utimpregledima
razvidno je da se mali broj studija bavio ulo-
gom hotela zdravstvene skrbi u medicinskom
i wellness turizmu (Arellano, 2007; Reed,
2008; Hoz-Correa, Muñoz-Leiva i Bakucz,
1.INTRODUCTION
The tremendous growth in worldwide
hospitality and tourism generates ample op-
portunities for both developed and develop-
ing countries. Tourists create employment
opportunities, foreign exchange earnings,
and tourism investment in the host country
(Odunga, 2005; Csirmaz and Pető, 2015;
Mishra and Panda, 2021). Health is a state of
complete physical, mental, and social well-
being, and patients go to a healthcare estab-
lishment for their treatment that is given by
medical professionals (Huisman et al., 2012).
Medical tourism and wellness tourism con-
stitute one of the most researched phenomena
in hospitality and tourism industry (Connell,
2006; Österle, Balazs and Delgado, 2009;
Heung,KucukustaandSong,2011;Dryglass,
2012;Chen,ChangandWu,2013).Medical
and wellness tourists are observed taking
medical treatment and undergoing wellness
programs worldwide and their numbers are
increasing (Hanefeld et al., 2014). Hotels
have always emphasized wellness and quali-
ty of tourist life along with primary services
likefoodandaccommodation.Rapidchang-
es in customers’ tastes and preferences have
impelled the hospitality sector to establish
innovative paths and means of improving
tourists’ lives (Das et al., 2022). Most liter-
ature reviews on the topic focus on medical
tourism destinations and the tourists’ choices
of travelling between developed and devel-
oping countries or vice versa, i.e. from the
customers’perspective(Gallarza,Sauraand
García,2002;BeerilandMartin,2004;Bies
and Zacharia, 2007; Bookman and Book-
man, 2007; Burkett, 2007; Horowitz, Ro-
sensweigandJones,2007;CarreraandLunt,
2010; Heung, Kucukusta and Song, 2010;
Moghimehfar and Nasr-Esfahani, 2011;
Hanefeld et al., 2013; Eissler and Casken,
2013; Sag and Zengul, 2019; Bagga et al.,
2020; Dash, 2021). Reviews show that few
studies have focused on the role of healthcare
PratimChatterjee,SmitaDatta:Bibliometrijskaisadržajnaanalizaliteratureoulozizdravstvenog... 9
2018;Rai,2019).Utomsekontekstuučlan-
ku prezentira sveobuhvatan osvrt literature
o zdravstvenim hotelima u medicinskome
i wellness turizmu te se pokrivaju sve teme
unutarovatripodručja,posebnonaglašava-
jućinedostatkeupostojećojliteraturi,inude
sesmjernicezabudućaistraživanja.
2.PREGLEDTEORIJE
Carrera i Bridges(2006) deniraju me-
dicinski turizam kao organizirano putovanje
izvan nadležnosti matične zemlje s ciljem
jačanja zdravlja turista putem medicinske
intervencije. Medicinski turizam je novo-
nastali turistički trend koji kao koncept
kombinira primarne karakteristike turizma
– odmor, zadovoljstvo, putovanje, iskustvo
s dobrobitima pristupačnijeg i/ili kvalitet-
nijegmeđunarodnogliječenja(Dunn,2007;
MacReady,2009;Birchet al.,2010;Gaines
i Lee, 2019; Musa, Thirumoorthi i Doshi,
2012;Medhekar,Wongi Hall,2020).Osim
liječenja,medicinskiturizam obično se po-
vezuje s odmorom i dokolicom, što ga razli-
kuje od putovanja motivirana medicinskim
razlozima(HalliJames,2011;Cesario,2018;
SmithiForgione,2014;Kucukusta,Hudson
i DeMicco, 2018). Putovanje radi medicin-
skog liječenja i zdravlja nije novi koncept,
ali je uzadnjih dvadesetak godina opažena
globalizacija u suprotnom smjeru u vidu po-
rasta broja odlazaka pacijenata iz razvijenih
zemalja u nerazvijene zemlje što je posljedi-
caraznih razloga,a najčešće su to cijenei
kvaliteta zdravstvene skrbi i usluga (Connell,
2006; Deloitte, 2008; Deloitte, 2009; Hall,
2011;SinghiGill,2011).Medicinskiturizam
dobivanaznačajuuugostiteljstvuiturizmu
krajem 1990-ih s putovanjimatisuća medi-
cinskih turista u zemlje poput Indije, Tajlan-
daiMeksikasciljemliječenjakojejeobič-
no bilo preskupo ili nedovoljno kvalitetno u
njihovimmatičnimzemljama(Helble,2011;
Synder, Crooks i Johnston, 2012; Connell,
2013;Hyderet al.,2019).PremaGrandView
Research (2019), veličina globalnog tržišta
hotels in medical and wellness tourism
(Arellano, 2007; Reed, 2008; Hoz-Correa,
Muñoz-LeivaandBakucz,2018;Rai,2019).
This paper aims to present a comprehen-
sive review of healthcare hotels in medical
and wellness tourism literature covering all
topics in these three strands highlighting the
specicgapsintheextantliterature,andof-
fering directions for future research.
2.THEORETICALBACKGROUND
CarreraandBridges(2006)denedmedi-
cal tourism as organized travel outside the ju-
risdiction of one’s home country for enhanc-
ing tourist’s health through medical interven-
tion. Medical tourism, a new trend of tourism
industry has emerged as a concept, which
combines the primary feature of tourism re-
laxation, pleasure, travel and experience with
thebenetoflower-pricedand/orbetterinter-
national treatment(Dunn,2007;MacReady,
2009; Birch et al., 2010; Gaines and Lee,
2019;Musa,ThirumoorthiandDoshi,2012;
Medhekar, Wong i Hall, 2020). Medical tour-
ism usually attaches an aspect of leisure in
addition to the medical treatment which dif-
ferentiates it from medical travel (Hall and
James,2011;Cesario,2018; Smith and For-
gione,2014;Kucukusta,HudsonandDeMic-
co, 2019). Travel for treatment and wellbeing
has long existed and is not new, yet in the last
two decades a surge has been observed as a
form of reverse globalization, where patients
from developed countries have started visiting
developing countries for a variety of reasons
most importantly cost, quality healthcare,
andservicedelivery(Connell,2006;Deloitte,
2008;Deloitte,2009; Hall,2011;Singhand
Gill,2011).Medicaltourismhasgainedmuch
importance in the hospitality and tourism in-
dustry since the late 1990s with thousands of
medical tourists traveling to countries such
as India, Thailand, and Mexico to avail treat-
ments that are usually too expensive or inad-
equateintheirhomecountries(Helble,2011;
Synder,CrooksandJohnston,2012;Connell,
10 ActaTuristica,Vol35(2023),No1,pp7-42
medicinskog turizma bila je procijenjena na
US$36,9mlrd.u2018.godini,aprocjenjuje
sedaćetotržištedo2026.godinedosegnuti
US$179,6mlrd.Hotelijerstvoibolničkilan-
cisusesadaudružiliunamjeridamedicin-
skimturistimapružeugodnaiskustva(Bur-
kett,2007;Eissler i Casken,2013). Prihodi
generirani medicinskim turizmom smatraju
seoblikomizvoza,štoukonačnicistvarade-
viznipriljevitime popravlja bilancuplaća-
njazemljedomaćina(Cattaneo,2009;Beladi
et al., 2019). Koristi medicinskog turizma
promatrajuseucijelojturističkojinfrastruk-
turi koja uključuje hotelijerstvo, putovanja,
komunikacije i promet. Posebice je segment
lokalnog ugostiteljstva i turizma destina-
cije visoko izložen medicinskim turistima
(Connell,2008;Connell,2013;Turner,2007;
WonhkitiMcKercher,2013; Chuanget al.,
FetscheriniStephano,2016;2014;JiiBates,
2018;Zareiet al., 2020).
GlobalWellnessInstitute(GWI)deni-
ra wellness turizam kao putovanje koje ima
zaciljunaprjeđenjeosobnogboljitkaturista
uklanjanjem negativnih osobina putovanja
pretvarajućiihuprilikezaodržavanjeopćeg
zdravlja (Global Wellness Institute, 2021;
MishraiPanda,2021).GWIjeprocijenioda
jeglobalnotržište,vrijedno$639mlrd.2017.
godine,poraslovišenegodvostrukobržeod
tradicionalnogturizma.Uistojjegodini830
milijunadomaćihimeđunarodnihputovanja
imalo za cilj wellness, što predstavlja 17%
ukupneturističkepotrošnje.Veličinaglobal-
nogtržištawellnessturizmau2020.godini
procijenjena je na $801,6 mlrd. i očekuje
se do 2030. godine doseći $1.592,6 mlrd.
(Allied Market Research, 2022). Wellness
hoteli kombiniraju terapije u toplicama te
upošljavajulicenciranemedicinskestručnja-
kezapružanjeterapijasvojimgostima.Uz
holističke,estetskeialternativnezdravstve-
ne terapije ili tretmane, oni nude i raznolike
usluge poput akupunkture, akupresure, obli-
kovanja tijelaitd. (Teh iChu,2005;Hsieh,
LiuiLiu,2008;Lautier,2008;Jones,2011;
Chen, Changi i Wu, 2013). Još jedan izdanak
2013;Hyderet al.,2019).AccordingtoGrand
View Research (2019), the global medical
tourismmarketsizewasvaluedatUS$36.9
bnin2018,anditssizeisexpectedtoreach
US$179.6bnby2026.Hospitalityandhos-
pital chains have now joined hands to give
memorable experiences to medical tourists
(Burkett, 2007; Eissler and Casken, 2013).
The revenue generated from medical tourism
is considered a form of exports, which even-
tually generates foreign exchange earnings to
improve the balance of payment of the host
country(Cattaneo,2009;Beladiet al., 2019).
Thebenetsofmedicaltourismareobserved
in whole tourism infrastructure that includes
hotel industry, travel sector, communication,
and transportation sector. Particularly, the
local hospitality and tourism segment of that
destination is highly exposed to the medi-
cal tourists (Connell, 2008; Connell, 2013;
Turner,2007;WonhkitandMcKercher,2013;
Chuang et al.,2014;FetscherinandStephano,
2016;JiandBates,2018;Zareiet al., 2020).
TheGlobalWellnessInstitute(GWI)de-
neswellnesst our ismast ravelforthepurpose
of enhancing tourists’ personal wellbeing by
eliminating the negative travel qualities and
turning it into an opportunity for maintaining
theirholistichealth(GlobalWellnessInstitute,
2021;MishraandPanda,2021).GWIestimat-
edanamountofUS$639billionglobalmar-
ket in 2017 and had grown more than twice as
fast as general tourism. World travelers under-
took830 million international and domestic
wellness trips in 2017 accounting for 17% of
all tourism expenditures. The global wellness
tourism market size in 2020 was valued at
US$801.6bnand is projectedtotouchUS$
1,592.6bnby2030(AlliedMarketResearch,
2022). Wellness hotels have combined thera-
pies with spa, and hired proper licensed med-
ical staff to provide therapies to the resident
guests. They offer holistic, aesthetic, alterna-
tive healthcare therapies or treatment as well
as multifaceted services such as acupuncture,
acupressure, body shaping, etc. (Teh and Chu,
2005;Hsieh,LiuandLiu,2008;Lautier,2008;
PratimChatterjee,SmitaDatta:Bibliometrijskaisadržajnaanalizaliteratureoulozizdravstvenog... 11
wellness turizma, termalni izvori potaknuli
sugradnjumnogihhotelaurazličitimdije-
lovima svijeta koji su uglavnom namijenjeni
wellness turistima. Različiti oblici i vrste
autohtonih iscjeljiteljskih praksi u wellness
hotelima moguuključivatirazličitetehnike
ili sredstva, poput drevnih/duhovnih tradi-
cija;lokalnog biljai šuma;ljekovitih blata,
minerala i voda; tradicionalne arhitekture;
domaćihritmova;hraneod svježih sastoja-
ka iz kulinarskih tradicija svojstvenih odre-
đenomseluilipodručju;povijestiikulture
(WellnessTourism,GOI;Daset al., 2022).
Konceptwellnessausredotočujesenesamo
naliječenjebolestinegonaširepromovira-
nje zdravlja, zdravstvenog obrazovanja i pro-
micanjenutricionističke,mentalneiduhov-
ne ravnoteže (Schult, 2006; Erfurt-Cooper
i Cooper, 2009; Hofer, Honegger i Hubeli,
2012).Hotelinisuograničenisamonaosigu-
ravanje wellness centara nego i na pomica-
nje granica pa su tako mnogi poznati hotel-
ski lanci osnovali prave zdravstvene hotele
(Connell,2006).
Zdravstvenihoteli,kojise također nazi-
vaju i medicinski hoteli, osiguravaju pa cijen -
tima uz standardne hotelske, i zdravstvene
usluge (Docrates, 2011; Medical Hotels,
2011; Han, 2013). Hoteli s medicinskim
uslugama nude pacijentima i njihovim obi-
teljima mogućnosti poput liječenja, hrane,
smještaja, sigurnosti, pranja rublja, poslugu
usobi,recepciju,itd.(TehiChu,2005;Lee,
HaniLockyer,2012;GHN,2011;Hanet al.,
2015;KazemhaiDehkordi,2017).Medicin-
ske funkcije skrbi za zdravlje i ugostiteljske
funkcije mogu se jednostavno spojiti hotelu
s medicinskim uslugama jer oboje pripadaju
uslužnojdjelatnosti(JiniZhang,2017).Kako
bisejasnorastumačilevrstemedicinskihtu-
rista koji odsjedaju u medicinskim hotelima,
Cohenihjepodijelioučetirikategorije:prvo
su „turisti na liječenju“ koji odabiru posjet
zdravstvenom hotelu za godišnji odmor zbog
iznenadnih zdravstvenih problema; zatim
„pravi medicinski turisti“ koji putuju prven-
stvenozbogliječenja,alisetakođermogui
Jones,2011;Chen,ChangiandWu,2013).Hot
spring industry, another offspring of wellness
tourism, has established many hot spring ho-
tels in different parts of the world that main-
ly cater to wellness tourists. The indigenous
healing practices in wellness hotels take dif-
ferent forms and types and may be exhibited
informsofancient/spiritualtraditions;native
plantsandforests;specialmud,minerals,and
waters; traditional architecture; local vibes;
freshingredientsand villageorareaspecic
culinarytraditions;historyandculture(Well-
nessTourism,GOI;Daset al., 2022). The fo-
cus of the wellness concept is not only on the
cure of illness but on broader healthcare pro-
motion, health education, and encouragement
of achieving nutritional, mental and spiritual
balance (Schult, 2006; Erfurt-Cooper and
Cooper, 2009; Hofer, Honegger and Hubeli,
2012). Hotels’ initiatives are not restricted to
havingonlyawellnesscenter.Rather,moving
one-step ahead, many renowned hotel chains
haveestablishedfull-edgedhealthcarehotels
(Connell,2006).
Healthcare hotels which are also known
as medical hotels or ‘meditels’ are conven-
tional hotels providing the entire standard
hotel facilities along with healthcare servic-
esto the patients(Docrates,2011; Medical
Hotels, 2011; Han, 2013). A medical hotel
offers several facilities to the patients and
their family members like healthcare treat-
ment, food, accommodation, safety, laundry,
room service, concierge, etc. (Teh and Chu,
2005; Lee, Han and Lockyer, 2012; GHN,
2011; Ha n et al.,2015;Kazemha andDeh-
kordi, 2017). Medical functions of healthcare
and hospitality functions of the hotel can be
joined easily in a medical hotel as both be-
long to the service industry (Jin and Zhang,
2017). To provide a clear understanding
about the types of medical tourists staying
in medical hotels, Cohen differentiates four
categories: rst ‘medicated tourists’ who
consider a healthcare hotels, for sudden
health issues in the vacation period, then
‘medical tourists proper’ who travel mainly
12 ActaTuristica,Vol35(2023),No1,pp7-42
odmarati;trećaskupinasu„pacijentinaod-
moru“kojikombinirajuodmoruzliječenje;
i konačno to su i „isključivo pacijenti“ čiji
je jedini cilj liječenje i ne planiraju odmor
(Cohen, 2008). Veliki hotelski lanci nude
najboljel iječenje, smještaj i ostale osnovne
usluge u suradnji s glavnim superspecijali-
ziranim bolnicama kako bi svojim pacijen-
tima osigurali više vrijednosti za njihov no-
vac(HaniHyun,2015;SuessiMody,2017;
Suess, Baloglu i Busser, 2018; Das et al.,
2022).Dostupnostliječenja,smještajaiobro-
kaujednomobjektupredstavljazičku po-
godnost za klijente (Han i Hyn, 2014; Han
i Hwang, 2013). Druga velika korist zdrav-
stvenihhotelajestmogućnostsmještajačla-
novaobiteljipacijenatazarazlikuodobičnih
bolnica ili klinika (Gan i Frederick, 2011;
Heung, Kucukusta i Song, 2011; Runnels i
Carrera, 2012; Han, 2013). Iako zdravstve-
ni hoteli predstavljaju savršeno rješenje za
svakuodkategorijameđunarodnihmedicin-
skih turista, broj studija o njima je malen.
Nema mnogo preglednih radova o medi-
cinskom i wellness turizmu u literaturi u
područjuturizma.Strukturiranipregledlite-
rature Chuanga et al. (2014) orijentirao se
na zdravstvene čimbenike uz ekonomsku
analizu i marketinške strategije medicin-
skog i wellness turizma. Nekoliko istaknu-
tih pregleda (Carrera i Bridges,2006;Lunt
i Carrera, 2010; Hall, 2011; Smith, Marti-
nez-AlvareziChanda, 2011;Lunt, Horsfall
iHanefeld,2016)ističunovitrendglobaliza-
cije zdravstva, tj. putovanja pacijenata u pre-
kograničneilidalekedestinacijenaliječenje.
Nekisepakosvrćunaaspektepoputsustava
javnog zdravstva (Hanefeld et al.,2014),uči-
nak faktora zičkog okoliša na medicinske
i wellness turiste (Huisman et al., 2012) te
ulogu turističkih odredišta na promidžbu
drevnih ayurveda putem zdravstvenog tu-
rizma(PaniiDas,2014).DelaHoz-Correa,
Muñoz-Leivai Bakucz (2018) prvisu kori-
stili bibliometrijski pristup i analizu supo-
javnosti riječi u istraživanju konceptualne
strukture medicinskog turizma kako bi
for treatment but also keep vacationing as
an option, thirdly ‘vacationing patients’ who
combine vacations along with the treatment
and nally ‘mere patients’ whose sole pur-
pose is treatment and do not plan about any
vacations(Cohen,2008).Largehotelchains
in collaboration with major superspecialist
hospitals provide best quality treatments, ac-
commodation, and other essential services to
offer the patients more value for their mon-
ey(Han andHyun, 2015;Suess andMody,
2017;Suess,BalogluandBusser,2018;Daset
al., 2022). The availability of medical treat-
ment, accommodation, and food at a single
establishment offers physical convenience
tocustomers(HanandHyn,2014;Hanand
Hwang, 2013). Another major benet of a
healthcare hotel is that it provides accommo-
dation to the family members of the patients
unlike a normal hospital or medical clinic
(GanandFrederick,2011;Heung,Kucukusta
andSong,2011;RunnelsandCarrera,2012;
Han, 2013). Although healthcare hotels pro-
vide the perfect solutions to each of the four
categories of international medical tourists,
studies of healthcare hotels are scarce.
Few reviews of medical tourism and
wellness tourism literature already exist.
The structured literature review conducted
by Chuang et al. (2014) focused on health
factors along with economic analysis and
marketing strategies of medical and well-
ness tourism. Several prominent reviews
(Carrera and Bridges,2006; Lunt and Car-
rera,2010;Hall,2011;Smith,Martinez-Al-
varez and Chanda, 2011; Lunt, Horsfall i
Hanefeld,2016)highlighttheemergingtrend
of health care globalization, where patients
or tourists travel across borders or to over-
seas destinations to receive their treatment.
Some reviews have also focused on aspects
like the public healthcare system (Hanefeld
et al.,2014),theeffectofphysicalenviron-
ment factors on medical and wellness tour-
ists (Huisman et al., 2012) and the role of
resorts in the promotion of ancient ayurve-
da through health tourism (Pani and Das,
PratimChatterjee,SmitaDatta:Bibliometrijskaisadržajnaanalizaliteratureoulozizdravstvenog... 13
značajnopojasniliteoretskepostavkeraznih
istraživača,turističkihvlastiiudruga.Zhong
et al.(2021)takođersuistražilitržištaide-
stinacije te tako razvil i ozr ačje istraživanja
medicinskog i wellness turizma bibliometrij-
skom i tematskom analizom.
Unatočnavedenimbrojnimznanstvenim
pokušajimaistraživanja,potvrđivanjai raz-
vijanja literature o medicinskom i wellness
turizmu, ne postoji široki pregled literature i
bibliometrijska analiza o odnosu zdravstve-
nih hotela s medicinskim i wellness turiz-
mom. Prema našim saznanjima, ova je stu-
dija prvi pokušaj uporabe bibliometrijskog
pristupaianalizesadržajakojadajesnažan
uvid u konceptualnu strukturu uloge zdrav-
stvenih hotela u medicinskom i wellness
turi zmu u znanstvenoj literaturi.
3.METODOLOGIJA
Za poticanje budućih istraživanja po-
stojerazličite vrste sustavnih pregleda lite-
rature kao što su strukturirani pregled koji
je uglavnom usmjeren na davno iznesene
teorije, konstrukte i metode (Paul i Singh,
2017; Paul i Feliciano-Cestero, 2021), pre-
gled temeljen na teoriji (Kozlenkova, Sama-
haiPalmatier,2014),bibliometrijskipregled
(Fetscherin i Heinrich, 2015), meta-analiza
(PatiiLorusso,2018)ihibridnipregled(Ku-
mar, Paul i Unnithan, 2020).
Nakonširokocitiranihpreglednihčlana-
ka(Keupp iGassmann, 2009; Grant-Smith
i Mcdonald, 2018), u ovoj studiji koristi se
postupak strukturiranog sustavnog pregle-
daliterature.Zapretraživanjeključnihriječi
korištena je baza podata ka Google Scholar
za “(Healthcare ILI Medical ILI Wellness)
i (Hotel ILI Tourism ILI Tourism)”. Prvo-
bitnih 500 rezultata dobivenih u tražilici
Google Scholar sortiran i su po relevantno-
sti. Za osiguranje kvalitete naše studije raz-
matrali suse poglavitočlancipubliciraniu
recenziranim časopisima. U prvoj pretrazi
pronađeno je 108 članaka o medicinskom
2014).De la Hoz-Correa,Muñoz-Leivaand
Bakucz(2018)wastherst to useabiblio-
metric approach and co-word analysis into
the conceptual structure of medical tourism
researchforasubstantialtheoreticalclari-
cation made by various researchers, tourism
authorities and associations. Zhong et al.
(2021) also explored the markets and desti-
nations, and thus developed the environment
of medical and wellness tourism research
through bibliometric and thematic analyses.
Despite these numerous scholarly at-
tempts to explore, acknowledge, and elabo-
rate upon the medical and wellness tourism
literature, there were no extensive literature
review and bibliometric analysis observed
about the relations between healthcare hotels
and medical and wellness tourism. Accord-
ing to the best of our knowledge, the present
studyistherstattempttousethebibliomet-
ric approach and content analysis to provide a
powerful insight into the conceptual structure
of the role of healthcare hotels in medical and
wellness tourism in academic literature.
3.METHODOLOGY
Systematic literature review is found to
be of various types, such as structured re-
view that mainly focuses on long established
theories, constructs, and methods (Paul and
Singh, 2017; Paul and Feliciano-Cestero,
2021), theory-based review (Kozlenkova,
Samaha and Palmatier, 2014), bibliomet-
ric review (Fetscherin and Heinrich, 2015),
meta-analysis(Pati and Lorusso,2018)and
hybrid review (Kumar, Paul and Unnithan,
2020) for initiating future research agendas.
Following the widely cited review articles
(Keupp and Gassmann, 2009; Grant-Smith
andMcdonald,2018)thisstudyemploysthe
process of structured systematic literature re-
view. Keyword searches were performed in
theGoogleScholardatabaseusing“(Health-
careORMedicalORWellness)AND(Hotel
ORTourismOR Tourism)”.The initial 500
resultsconsideredbyGoogleScholarsearch
14 ActaTuristica,Vol35(2023),No1,pp7-42
turizmu i wellness turizmu te 89 članka o
zdravstvenim hotelima. Naknadnom provje-
rom relevantnosti ili dupliciranja konačna
selekcija je obuhvatila 84 članka o medi-
cinskom turizmu i wellness turizmu te 63
očlankao zdravstvenimhotelima. Tadase
uzorak proširio na sve reference: I. iz nazna-
čenihpreglednihčlanaka(Hall,2011;Smith,
Martinez-AlvareziChanda,2011;Huisman
et al.,2012;Chuanget al.,2014;Hoz-Correa,
Muñoz-Leiva i Ba kucz, 2018) i I I. iz deset
najcitiranijih članaka iz baze podataka u
GoogleScholar.Time je zastudijudobiven
konačanuzorakod91člankaomedicinskom
turizmuiwellnessturizmute 67 članakao
zdravstvenim hotelima.
4.REZULTATIIRASPRAVA
Uloga zdravstvenih hotela za medicinske
iwellnessturistedobilajenaznačajuteku
novije vrijeme. Posebno su se u posljednjih
dvadesetak godina povećala istraživanja i
publikacijeutompodručju.SmithiPuczko
(2008) predlažu da se zdravstveni turizam
sastoji od wellness turizma i medicinskog tu-
rizma. TakoConnell (2006)predlažeda se
termin medicinski turizamkoristizasluča-
jeve medicinskih, kirurških i dentalnih lije-
čenja,adrugiuostalimslučajevima.Prema
SvjetskojturističkojorganizacijiiEuropskoj
komisiji za putovanja, wellness turizam opi-
suje se kao:
Oblik turističke aktivnosti koja ima za
cilj unaprjeđivanje i uravnoteženje svih
glavnihdomenaljudskogživota,uključu-
jućizičku,mentalnu,emocionalnu,po-
slovnu, intelektualnu i duhovnu. Primar-
na motivacija wellness turista je bavljenje
preventivnim i proaktivnim aktivnostima
koje poboljšavaju život, poput tnessa,
zdraveprehrane,opuštanja,iugađajućih
tretmana(2018).
Medicinskiturizamjeprema tumačenju
Svjetske turističke organizacije i Europske
komisije za putovanja:
engine were sorted by relevance. To ensure
the quality of our studies mainly articles
published in peer reviewed journals is taken
intoconsideration.Thetotalof108medical
tourismandwellnesstourismarticlesand89
healthcarehotelarticleswereidentiedafter
the initial search. Upon screening the arti-
clesforrelevance or duplicates,84 medical
tourismandwellnesstourismarticlesand63
healthcarehotelarticleswerenallyselected
for this article. Our sample was then expanded
by considering all the references from: I. not-
ed review papers (Hall, 2011; Smith, Mar-
tinez-Alvarez and Chanda, 2011; Huisman
et al.,2012;Chuanget al.,2014;Hoz-Correa,
Muñoz-Leivaand Bakucz,2018)and II.top
ten cited papers accumulated from Google
Scholar database. Thus, 91 medical tourism
andwellnesstourism,and67healthcarehotel
articleswerenallytakenintoconsideration.
4.FINDINGSANDDISCUSSION
Role of healthcare hotels with respect
to medical and wellness tourists has gained
prominenceonlyinrecenttimes;specical-
lythelasttwodecadeswitnessasignicant
increase in research and publication in this
area.SmithandPuczko(2008)proposethat
‘health tourism’ is composed of ‘wellness
tourism’ and ‘medical tourism’. The latter
is the recommended term when consider-
ing the cases of medical, surgical or dental
treatments, while all others are to be termed
‘wellnesstourism’(Connell,2006).Accord-
ing to the World Tourism Organization and
European Travel Commission, wellness
tourism can be described as:
A type of tourism activity which aims
to improve and balance all the main do-
mains of human life including physical,
mental, emotional, occupational, intellec-
tual, and spiritual. The primary motiva-
tion for the wellness tourist is to engage
in preventive, proactive, lifestyle enhanc-
ingactivitiessuchastness,healthyeat-
ing, relaxation, pampering and healing
treatments(2018).
PratimChatterjee,SmitaDatta:Bibliometrijskaisadržajnaanalizaliteratureoulozizdravstvenog... 15
Oblikturističkeaktivnostikojauključuje
korištenje potvrđenih sredstava i usluga
medicinskog liječenja (kako invazivnih
takoineinvazivnih).Tomožeobuhvaćati
idijagnostiku,liječenje,lijekove,preven-
ciju,irehabilitaciju(2018).
Iakosečinidasuwellnessturizamime-
dicinskiturizamnasuprotnimstranamatrži-
šta,obaoblikaturizmadoživljavajuizniman
rastisvevećupozornostvlada,ugostiteljstva
i turizma te znanstvenika širom svijeta koji
ihnastojedenirati,organiziratiipromovi-
rati (Wright i Zascerinska, 2022).
Zdravstveni hoteli su uglavnom velike
ustanove s integriranim medicinskim odje-
lima ili su povezani s bolnicama kako bi
osiguravali medicinskim turistima kvalitet-
no liječenje. Pa ralelno ili odvojeno ovi ho-
telitakođermogunuditiiuslugewellnessa.
Ugradnja medicinskih ili wellness jedinica
u standardne smještajne jedinice isplativa
jeu hotelima budući da je inicijalni trošak
pokretanja posla velik, osim drugih oblika
smještaja poput dodatnog ili zamjenskog
smještaja kojima se turisti služe, jer se ne
smatrajunancijskiprikladnimazatuvrstu
medicinske gradnje u tim ustanovama. No,
danas se mnogi dodatni smještaji promovira-
jukaozdravstvenihoteliciljajućiuglavnom
na segment wellness turizma. Destinacije s
planinskim rijekama ili na obalama jezera,
u kojima se nudi bavljenje zdravstvenim ili
wellness aktivnostima u prirodnom okolišu
s jedinstvenim prirodnim ljepotama i atrak-
cijama te personalizirani wellness proizvodi
imogućnosti,privlačezdravstveneiwellness
turiste(Zeng,LiandHuang,2021).Štoviše,
dodatnismještajtakođersudjelujeuwellness
turizmu putem ruralnog i agro-turizma na
seoskimimanjimaipolu-urbanimpodručji-
ma. Privatni smještaj, hosteli, pansioni, kam-
poviiturističkanaseljapružajuwellnesstu-
ristimapotpunorazličitoiskustvonudećilo-
kalne proizvode poput toplica, joge, hrane na
bazilokalnihzačina,biljaka,voćaipovrćaiz
njihovihvrtova(Bojnec,2010;Yusofet al.,
2014).Nasuprottomu,Batabyalet al. (2021)
Thedenitionofmedicaltourismis,ac-
cording to the World Tourism Organization
and European Travel Commission:
A type of tourism activity which involves
the use of evidence-based medical heal-
ing resources and services (both invasive
and non-invasive). This may include di-
agnosis, treatment, cure, prevention, and
rehabilitation(2018).
While wellness tourism and medical
tourism may seem to be positioned at the op-
posite ends of the market, both are growing
and developing increasing attention around
the globe as governments, hospitality and
tourism industry, and academic researchers
attempttodene,arrange,andpromotethe
sectors (Wright and Zascerinska, 2022).
Healthcare hotels are generally large
establishments that have the medical facil-
ities inbuilt or connected with hospitals to
provide quality healthcare treatment to the
medical tourists. These hotels also can cater
to wellness tourists separately or together.
Building medical or wellness units in main-
stream accommodation units is also feasible
for hotels as inbuilt medical or wellness in-
frastructure carries huge initial set up costs,
besides other forms of accommodation such
as supplementary or alternate accommoda-
tions that also cater to many tourists. Yet it is
notnanciallyfeasibleforthemtogoforthis
type of medical set up in their establishment.
However, many supplementary accommo-
dations are marketing themselves as health
hospitals and mainly targeting the wellness
segments. Mountain-based rivers or lake-
based destinations with health and wellness
activities, and suitable climate for engaging
in these activities, natural environments with
unique landscape appeal, attractions, and
customized wellness products and opportu-
nities lure health and wellness tourists (Zeng,
Li and Huang, 2021). Supplementary accom-
modation also takes part in wellness tourism
through agro and farm tourism in rural or
semi-urban areas. Home stays, hostels, guest
houses, camping sites and holiday villages
16 ActaTuristica,Vol35(2023),No1,pp7-42
i Ram írez-Cer vantes et al. (2021) istaknuli
suvažnostdodatnogzdravstvenogsmještaja
u hostelima ili privatnom smještaju nasuprot
onome u hotelima u vremenima epidemija
ilipandemijapoputCovid-a-19iliSARS-a,
budućidasenatajnačinmedicinskimturi-
stimaomogućavadobivanjepotrebnihzdrav-
stvenih usluga u izoliranim centrima i kriz-
nim vremenima.
Ukupnojedevetčlanakaunašemuuzor-
kuobjavljenoizmeđu1968.i1999.godine,a
149ihjeobjavljenood2000.do2022.godi-
ne.Mogućirazlogzaovakavnaglirastlitera-
ture o zdravstvenim hotelima u medicinskom
turizmu i zdravstvenim hotelima u wellness
turizmumožebitiporastmedicinskogiwell-
ness turizma zbog dostupnosti iste razine
kvalitetne brige o zdravlju u zemljama u raz-
voju po pristupačnijim cijenama u odnosu
na razvijene zemlje. Cilj im je bio ustanoviti
najnovija teoretska dostignuća i zanimljive
idejezaistraživanja.Odnoszdravstvenihho-
tela prema medicinskom i wellness turizmu
promatrasezasebnouodlomku4.1.gdjese
odvojenoistražujumodelizdravstvenihhote-
la u medicinskom turizmu i zdravstvenih ho-
tela u wellness turizmu. Isto tako se u odlom-
cima4.2.i4.4.posebnoanaliziracitiranosti
raspravljaju metodeistraživanjaliterature o
medicinskom turizmu i wellness turizmu.
4.1.Pregledteorija/modela/
paradigmi
Pokazalo se da su najčešće korištene
teorije ili modeli u literaturi o zdravstve-
nim hotelima u medicinskom turizmu i
zdravstvenim hotelima u wellness turizmu:
a)proširenimodelwellnessa;b)hibridnimo-
del MCDM; c) model razli kovnih atributa;
d) model percipiranih ishoda; i e) petodi-
menzionalni model evaluacije rezultata.
Prošireni model wellnessa jedan je
od najranijih i najprihvaćenijih modela
(Mueller i Kaufmann, 2001) koji uključuje
različite vrste wellness i medicinskog tu-
rizma u zdravstveni turizam. Ovaj je model
provide an altogether different experience to
the wellness tourists with their own wellness
products like local spa, yoga, local cuisine
with herb, spices, fruits, and vegetables from
theirin-builtgarden(Bojnec,2010;Yusofet
al.,2014).Ontheotherhand,Batabyalet al.
(2021)andRamírez-Cervanteset al. (2021)
considered the importance of healthcare
supplementary accommodation in the form
ofhostelsorhomestaysmoresignicantthan
hotels in times of epidemics or pandemics
likeCovid19orSARSasitenablesthemed-
ical tourists to receive the necessary health
services in isolated centers in times of crises.
Nine articles in our sample were published
between1968and 1999, and149were pub-
lished between 2000 and 2022. The probable
reason behind the surge in health hotels in
medical tourism and health hotels in wellness
tourism literature may be the boost in medical
and wellness tourism due to availability of the
similar level of quality healthcare in the de-
veloping countries at a more reasonable price
than in the developed countries. The objec-
tive is to identify latest theoretical advance-
ment and exciting research ideas. Healthcare
hotel relations with regard to medical and
wellness tourism are observed separately in
section 4.1.where models of healthcare ho-
tels in medical tourism and healthcare hotels
in wellness tourism are explored separately.
Similarlyinsections4.2.and4.4.thecitation
analysis and the review of the study method
of the medical tourism and wellness tourism
literature are also discussed indially.
4.1.Reviewoftheories/models/
paradigms
The most prevailing theories or models
applied in healthcare hotels in medical tour-
ism and in wellness tourism literature are: a.
theexpandedwellnessmodel;b.thehybrid
MCDM model; c. the distinctive attribute
model;d.theperceivedoutcomemodel;and
e. the ve-dimension performance evalua-
tion model.
PratimChatterjee,SmitaDatta:Bibliometrijskaisadržajnaanalizaliteratureoulozizdravstvenog... 17
uglavnomusredotočen na wellness turizam
i denira ga kao stanje zdravlja u skladu
tije la, duha i duše sa zdravljem, prehranom,
ishranom, lijekovima, mentalnom aktivnoš-
ću,obrazovanjemi društvenim kontaktima.
Ovaj model je jedinstven u odnosu na druge
modelejer je usmjerensamo na čimbenike
wellnessa poput mentalne aktivnosti ili ob-
razovanja, zdrave ishrane, brige o ljepoti,
odmora i meditacije. Ovaj model se nastavlja
na infrastrukturu zdravstvenih hotela u well-
ness turizmu kako bi se zadovoljile potrebe
njege i wellnessa gostiju.
Hibridni model MCDM, prema tehnici
DANP (Yang et al.,2008)posebanjemodel
koji je razvijen kako bi se riješili problemi
zavisnosti i povratne informacije korište-
njempristupauravnoteženih ciljevaza eva-
luaciju uspješnosti termalnih hotela, još jed-
ne vrste wellness hotela (Chen, Hsu i Tzeng,
2011). Glavni čimbenici modela, lojalnost
klijenata,kvalitetausluga,imidžhotela,za-
dovoljstvo klijenata, profesionalne sposob-
nostizaposlenikaiunaprjeđenjesposobnosti
menadžmentahotela,moguseprikladnoko-
ristiti kao konkurentska strategija u ugosti-
teljstvu i turizmu. Ovaj model je inovativan
jer više odgovara stvarnom svijetu i praksi.
Takođeruzimauobzirivažnostkombinira-
nja zdravstvenih hotela u wellness turizmu
zazadovoljstvoklijentatehoteluomogućuje
konkurentsku prednost.
Model posebnih atributa (Han, 2013) je
prvi od modela koji su usmjereni na zdrav-
stvenehoteleitumačiodnosmnogihatribu-
ta ove vrste hotela, tj. percepcije, spoznaje,
emocije, povjerenja i namjere posjete. U
ovomemo delu promatra se uči nak mnogih
atributa na percepcije i spoznaje klijenata
kao i njihov utjecaj na namjere ponovne po-
sjeteizgradnjompovjerenja.Ovojepodručje
istraživanjaposebnozanimljivoznanstveni-
cima koji traže empirijske dokaze u prilog
boravkauzdravstvenimhotelima(GaniFre-
derick,2011;Heung,KucukustaiSong,2011;
HaniHyun,2015;FisheriSood,2014).Oba
segmenta zdravstvenog turizma, zdravstveni
Expanded wellness model is one of the
earliest and well-accepted models is the ex-
panded wellness model (Mueller and Kauf-
mann, 2001) where different types of wellness
and medical tourism are considered under
health tourism. This model mainly focuses on
wellness tourism and explains wellness as a
state of health showing the harmony of body,
mind and spirit with health, nutrition, diet,
medication, mental activity, education, and
social contacts. It is unique compared to other
models as it only focuses on the wellness fac-
tors like mental activity or mind education,
healthy diet, beauty care, rest, and medita-
tion. This model adds on the infrastructure of
healthcare hotels in wellness tourism to deal
with the guest care and wellness needs.
Hybrid MCDM model, according to the
DANP technique (Yang et al., 2008), is a
distinctive model which was developed to
solve the dependence and feedback problems
using balance scorecard approach for per-
formance evaluation of the hot spring hotels,
another offspring of wellness tourism (Chen,
Hsu and Tzeng, 2011). The key factors of the
model, i.e. customer loyalty, service quality,
hotel image, customer satisfaction, employee
professional ability, and hotel management
enhancement, can be aptly used as a compet-
itive strategy in the hospitality and tourism
industry. This model is innovative as it is
more suitable to the real and practical world
than other types of models. It also observes
the importance of healthcare hotels in well-
ness tourism combination for guest satisfac-
tion ensuring the hotel a competitive edge.
Distinctive attribute model (Han, 2013)
is rst such model that completely focus-
es on healthcare hotels and explains the
relationship of the multiple attributes of a
healthcare hotel namely perception, cogni-
tion, affect, trust, and visit intention. In this
model, the effect of multiple attributes on the
perception or cognition of the customers is
observed as well as their impact on revisit in-
tentions through trust building. This is a very
useful area for the researchers who require
18 ActaTuristica,Vol35(2023),No1,pp7-42
hoteli u medicinskom turizmu i zdravstveni
hoteli u wellness turizmu, razmatraju se u
modelu posebnih atributa.
Model percipiranog ishoda (Han et al.,
2015)rabiseza određivanjepotrebei stava
premazdravstvenimhotelimakojepresuđu-
ju u namjeri turista da odsjednu u ovoj vrsti
hotela. Novi čimbenici, poput nancijske
uštede, ugostiteljskog proizvoda i usluge,
pogodnosti i medicinske usluge, smatraju
se značajnima za nalizaciju svake odluke
(JonesiKeith,2006).Ovajjemodelprven-
stvenousmjerennaonečimbenikekojimedi-
cinskim turistima ulijevaju vjeru da je bolje
izabratizdravstvenihotel,anenespecičan,
što vodi namjeri ponovnog posjeta. Ovaj mo-
delomogućavavoditeljimazdravstvenogho-
tela promociju njihovih kvaliteta i inovaciju
proizvoda i usluga konkurentske prednosti.
Ovaj model razmatra značaj kombiniranja
zdravstvenih hotela u medicinskom turizmu
kakobisezadovoljilerazličitepotrebeiprio-
riteti klijenata.
Petodimenzionalni model evaluacije re-
zultata (Hsieh et al.,2008)istražujeočekiva-
njaklijenatao kakvoći uslugezdravstvenih
odredištauprocesuanalitičkehijerarhije.Od
svih modela samo ovaj slijedi pet dimen zija
instrumenta SERVQUAL (Parasuraman,
ZeithamliBerry,1988):(1)materijalneele-
mente, (2) pouzdanost, (3) reagiranje, (4)
jamstvo i (5) empatiju. Ovaj model putem
instrumentaSERVQUALosiguravaopsežnu
skaluzamjerenjespraktičnimimplikacija-
ma za percipiranu kvalitetu usluge klijenata
(Parasuraman, Zeithaml i Berry, 1994) te
se uglavnom fokusira na hotele u toplicama
tumačećiučinkematerijalnihelemenata,po-
uzdanosti, reagiranja, jamstva i empatije kao
prioritetni odabir za ocjenjivanje zdravstve-
nih hotela u medicinskom turizmu i zdrav-
stvenih hotela u wellness turizmu (Stein, Dev
iTabachhi,1990;ChoiiChu,2001;Akbaba,
2006;Lunt,HorsfallandHanefeld,2016).
empirical evidence for choosing to stay in
healthcarehotels(GanandFrederick,2011;
Heung,KucukustaandSong,2011;Hanand
Hyun, 2015; Fisher and Sood, 2014). Both
segments of health tourism, i.e. health hotels
in medical and in wellness tourism are con-
sidered in distributive attribute model.
Perceived outcome model (Han et al.,
2015) is useful to determine the desire and
attitude towards healthcare hotels that ulti-
mately determines the tourist’s intention to
stay in this type of hotel. Few factors like
nancialsaving,hospitalityproductandser-
vice, convenience and medical service are
considered important to mark any decision
(JonesandKeith,2006).Thismodelprimar-
ily focuses on those factors that convince
medical tourists to choose a healthcare hotel
over a specialized one, which leads to their
revisit intention. This model enables health-
care-hotel operators to promote the existing
strengths and to invent the products and ser-
vices for gaining competitive edge. It consid-
ers the importance of health hotels in medical
tourism combination for satisfying the differ-
ent needs and preferences of the customers.
Five-dimension performance evaluation
model (Hsieh et al.,2008)explorescustom-
er’s expectations about the service quality of
health resorts through analytical hierarchy
process. Of all models, only this model fol-
lowsSERVQUALbyParasurama n,Z eithaml
and Berry (1988) ve dimensions, i.e. (1)
tangibles, (2) reliability, (3) responsiveness,
(4) assurance and (5) empathy. Through
SERVQUALthismodelprovidesacompre-
hensive measurement scale with practical
implications for the customers’ perceived
service quality (Parasuraman, Zeithaml and
Berry,1994).Itmainlyfocusesonhotspring
hotels and explains the effect of tangibles, re-
liability, responsiveness, assurance, and em-
pathy as a preference to evaluate the health
hotels in medical tourism and health hotels
in wellness tourism (Stein, Dev and Tabach-
hi,1990;ChoiandChu,2001;Akbaba,2006;
Lunt,HorsfallandHanefeld,2016).
PratimChatterjee,SmitaDatta:Bibliometrijskaisadržajnaanalizaliteratureoulozizdravstvenog... 19
4.2.Analizacitiranosti
Za utvrđivanje najutjecajnijih članaka
iz literature o zdravstvenim hotelima u me-
dicinskom turizmu, provedena je analiza
citiranja. Od ukupnog broja citata (Ctotal)
izračunatjeprosječni ponderirani brojcita-
ta (C-total = Ctotal / # godina nakon objave
članka). Najcitiraniji članci su bili Connell
(2006)s2026citata,BeerliiMartin(2004)
s1741citatom,EpsteiniStreet(2011)s1653
citata, itd. (Vidi Tablicu 1). Svi ti članci
objavljeni su u različitim č asopisima p oput
Tourism Management, Journals of Vacati-
on Marketing, Annals of Family Medicine,
Procedia – Social and Behavioral Science,
4.2.Citationanalysis
Toidentifythemostinuentialarticleson
health hotels in medical tourism literature, a
citation analysis was conducted. The total
number of citations (Ctotal) and computed
the average weighted citation scores (C-total
= Ctotal / # of years after article publication)
were calculated. The most cited articles were
Connell (2006) with 2026 citations, Beerli
and Martin (2004)with 1741citations,Ep-
stein and Street (2011) with 1653 citations
etc. (See Table 1). All articles were published
in different journals like Tourism Manage-
ment, Journal of Vacation Marketing, Annals
of Family Medicine, Procedia – Social and
Tablica 1: Najcitiraniji članci i autori u literaturi o zdravstvenim hotelima u medicinskom
turizmu i zdravstvenim hotelima u wellness turizmu (na dan 31. listopada 2022.)
Rang Autor(i)igodinaobjavljivanja Predmet
istraživanja
Ukupno
citata
(C-total)
Ponderirani
prosječnibroj
citata(C-total)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Connell(2006)
BeerliiMartin(2004)
Epstein i Street (2011)
Choi i Chu (2001)
Akbaba(2006)
Mueller i Kaufmann (2001)
Connell (2013)
Horowitz,RosensweigiJones(2007)
Han i Hyun (2015)
Lunt i Carrera (2010)
HH i WT
HH i WT
HH i MT
HH i WT
HH i MT/WT
HH i WT
HH i MT
HH i MT
HH i MT
2033
1745
1662
1283
1062
1014
834
679
672
604
151
116
176
66
73
57
119
55
135
60
Table 1: Most cited articles and authors on health hotels in medical tourism & health
hotels in wellness tourism literature (on October 31 2022)
Rank Author(s)andyearpublished Research
topic
Total
citations
(C-total)
Weighted
averagenoof
citations(C-total)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Connell(2006)
BeerliandMartin(2004)
Epstein and Street (2011)
Choi and Chu (2001)
Akbaba(2006)
Mueller and Kaufmann (2001)
Connell (2013)
Horowitz,RosensweigandJones(2007)
Han and Hyun (2015)
Lunt and Carrera (2010)
HH&WT
HH&WT
HH&MT
HH&WT
HH& MT/WT
HH&WT
HH&MT
HH&MT
HH&MT
2033
1745
1662
1283
1062
1014
834
679
672
604
151
116
176
66
73
57
119
55
135
60
20 ActaTuristica,Vol35(2023),No1,pp7-42
Building and Environment, Journal of De-
stination Marketing & Management te Inter-
national Journal of Hospitality Management.
Osim citata, također se odvojeno navode
područja istraživanja kako bi se istaknula
njihova fokusiranost na zdravstvene hotele u
medicinskom turizmu ili zdravstvene hotele
u wellness turizmu.
4.3.Kontekst
Glavni razlog za povećani istraživački
interes za zdravstvene hotele u medicinskom
turizmuposljednjihgodinajest činjenicada
medicinski i wellness turizam raste i vje-
rojatnoće nastaviti rastiu budućnostijer je
utvrđenodajezadovoljstvoklijenataosobito
ovisno o različitim medicinskim i nemedi-
cinskim atributima koje hoteli nude (Harris
et al., 2002; Bennett, King i Milner, 2004;
Connell,2006;Hopkinset al.,2010;Epsteini
Street,2011;LovelockiLovelock,2018).Pre-
maovomscenariju,međuklijentimapostoji
rastućapotrebazazdravstvenimhotelima.
Kina, Južna Korea, SAD i Hong Kong
suprimarno najistraživanijerazvijenezem-
lje, dok su India, Tajland, Malezija i Tajvan
primar no najistraživanije zemlje u razvoju.
Tablica 2 prikazuje rangiranje istraživanja
zdravstvenih hotela u medicinskom turizmu
u razvijenim zemljama i zemljama u razvoju.
Tablica 2: Primarne zemlje/regije
obuhvaćene u istraživanju o zdravstvenim
hotelima u medicinskom turizmu i
zdravstvenim hotelima u wellness turizmu
Rang
Primarna
zemlja/regija
(razvijena)
Rang
Primarna
zemlja/regija
(urazvoju)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Kina
JužnaKoreja
SAD
Hong Kong
Poljska
Australija
Slovenija
Španjolska
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Indija
Tajland
Malezija
Tajvan
Iran
JužnaAfrika
Brazil
Turska
Behavioral Science, Building and Environ-
ment, Journal of Destination Marketing &
Management and International Journal of
Hospitality Management. Besides the cita-
tions, the types of tourism the article referred
to are also mentioned separately to enlighten
whether it focusses on health hotels in medi-
cal tourism or in wellness tourism.
4.3.Context
The key reason behind the increased in-
terest in health hotels in medical tourism re-
search in the recent years is growth in medi-
cal and wellness tourism and its likelihood to
increase even further in the near future where
customer satisfaction is found to be mainly de-
pendent on different medical and non-medical
attributes provided by the hotels (Harris et al.,
2002;Bennett,KingandMilner,2004;Con-
nell,2006;Hopkinset al.,2010;Epsteinand
Street, 2011; Lovelock and Lovelock, 2018).
According to this scenario, the customer need
for healthcare hotels will be on the rise.
China, South Korea, USA, and Hong Kong
are the most researched primary developed
countries whereas India, Thailand, Malaysia
and Taiwan are the most researched primary
developing countries. Table 2 ranks the pri-
mary developed and developing countries in
health hotels in medical tourism research.
Table 2: Primary country/regions studied
in health hotels in medical tourism &
health hotels in wellness tourism research
Rank
Primary
country/
regions
(developed)
Rank
Primary
country/
regions
(developing)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
China
South Korea
USA
Hong Kong
Poland
Australia
Slovenia
Spain
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
India
Thailand
Malaysia
Taiwan
Iran
South Africa
Brazil
Turkey
PratimChatterjee,SmitaDatta:Bibliometrijskaisadržajnaanalizaliteratureoulozizdravstvenog... 21
4.4.Pregledmetodaistraživanja
Uproučavanjustatistikeistraživačikori-
ste alate i ideje za racionalno razjašnjavanje
svih dobivenih kvantitativnih informacija.
Kakobiistraživanjadobilavećismisaoiuči-
nak,mnogiznanstveniciusvojaistraživanja
uvrštavaju inovativne tehnološke alate i sta-
tističke metode (Ben-Zvi i Gareld, 2008).
Ovo istraživanje je utvrdilo da je najčešće
korištenastatičkamjerauliteraturiozdrav-
stvenim hotelima u medicinskom turizmu
bilamultiplaregresija.Osimove,drugečesto
korištene statističke metode bile su analiza
glavnih komponenti, jednosmjerni ANOVA,
korelacijskikoecijentit-test.Tablica3daje
popisglavnihstatističkihmetodauzistaknu-
tereferencekojesusekoristileuistraživanju
zdravstvenih hotela u medicinskom turizmu.
4.4.Reviewofstudymethod
The study of statistics imparts research-
ers with tools and ideas so that they react
reasonably to all the quantitative information
received. To make their research more mean-
ingful and impactful many scholars have
included innovative technological tools and
statistical methods in their study (Ben-Zvi
andGareld,2008).Wefoundthatthemost
used statistical measure used in health hotels
in medical tourism literature was multiple
regression. Besides that, the other frequently
used statistical methods were principal com-
ponent analysis, one-way ANOVA, correla-
tion coefcient and t-test. Table 3 lists the
main statistical methods with notable refer-
ence used in health hotels in medical tourism
research.
Tablica 3: Glavne statističke metode korištene u istraživanju zdravstvenih hotela
u medicinskom turizmu
Rang Statističkametoda Glavnareferenca
1
2
3
4
5
Višestruka regresija
Analiza glavnih
komponenti
Jednosmjerni ANOVA
Korelacijskikoecijent
t-test
ReynoldsiLeeman,2007;Chen,ChangiWu,2013;HaniHyun,
2014
Harrisetal.,2002;Han,2013;Kitapchi,AkdoganiDortyol,2014
Windetal.,1989;Reddy,YorkiBrannon,2010;HeaoiHyun,2015
Chen,ChangiWu,2013;SuessiMody,2017
Snoj,1995;LuiShiu,2009;Lee,HaniLockyer,2012
Table 3: Main statistical methods used in health hotels in medical tourism research
Rank Statisticalmethod Mainreference
1
2
3
4
5
Multiple regression
Principal component
analysis
One-way ANOVA
CorrelationCoefcient
t-test
ReynoldsandLeeman,2007;Chen,ChangandWu,2013;Hanand
Hyun,2014
Harrisetal.,2002;Han,2013;Kitapchi,AkdoganandDortyol,2014
Windetal.,1989;Reddy,YorkandBrannon,2010;HeaoandHyun,
2015
Chen,ChangandWu,2013;SuessandMody,2017
Snoj,1995;LuandShiu,2009;Lee,HanandLockyer,2012
Najčešće korištene varijable obuhvaćaju
zadovoljstvo klijenta, medicinsku i neme-
dicinsku strukturu, atribute, kvalitetu uslu-
ge,željuzakupnju,percipirane vrijednosti,
The most frequently used variables in-
clude customer satisfaction, medical and
non-medical infrastructure, attributes, ser-
vice quality, willingness to buy, perceived
22 ActaTuristica,Vol35(2023),No1,pp7-42
zičkupogodnost,itd.UTablici4popisane
sunajčešćekorištenezavisneinezavisneva-
rijable.
Tablica 4: Glavne varijable u
istraživanjima o zdravstvenim hotelima
u medicinskom turizmu i zdravstvenim
hotelima u wellness turizmu
Rang Zavisna
varijabla
Rang Nezavisna
varijabla
1
2
3
4
5
Atributi
Medicinska i
nemedicinska
infrastruktura
Zadovoljstvo
klijenata
Spremnost na
kupnju
Fizičkikomfor
1
2
3
4
5
Zadovoljstvo
klijenta
Percipirane
vrijednosti
Medicinska i
nemedicinska
infrastruktura
Atributi
Kvaliteta
usluga
Jednaod najčešće korištenih varijabliu
literaturi o zdravstvenim hotelima u medi-
cinskom turizmu i zdravstvenim hotelima
u wellness turizmu su atributi. Za pozicio-
niranjeiproliranjezdravstvenogili medi-
cinskog odredišta potrebno je identicirati
i analizirati određene glavne atribute. S
praktične točke gledišta, svijest o važnosti
atributajenajvažnijazainvestiranjeoskud-
nih resursa ka ko bi se unapr ijedi lo od luči-
vanjeipovratnainvesticijuuhotel(Garver,
Williams i LeMay, 2010). Zdravstveni hoteli,
čijisuklijentimedicinskiiwellnessturisti,
trebajurazličiteatributezasvojeklijente.Za
zdravstvene hotele u medicinskom turizmu
važni su glavni medicinski atributi poput
kvaliciraneradnesnage,kvaliteteliječenja,
uravnoteženeprehrane,cijeneliječenja,higi-
jene i sigurnosti. S druge strane, za zdrav-
stvenehoteleu wellness turizmuznačajniji
su atributi poput lokacije, luksuza, odmora,
toplica i terapeutske vrijednosti (Stein, Dev
i Tabachhi, 1990; Bennett, King i Milner,
2004; Burkett, 2007;Connell,2013).Kom-
binacija različitih zdravstvenih i ugostitelj-
skih atributa osigurava pozitivno iskustvo
values, physical convenience, etc. Table 4
lists the most frequently used dependent and
independent variables.
Table 4: Main variables studied in
health hotels in medical tourism &
health hotels in wellness tourism
research
Rank Dependent
variable
Rank Independent
variable
1
2
3
4
5
Attributes
Medical and
non-medical
infrastructure
Customer
satisfaction
Willingness to
buy
Physical
convenience
1
2
3
4
5
Customer
satisfaction
Perceived
values
Medical and
non-medical
infrastructure
Attributes
Service quality
One of the most used variables in health
hotels in medical tourism and health hotels
in wellness tourism literature is attributes. In
order to determine the positioning and pro-
lingof each healthor medicalresort, cer-
tainkeyattributesareidentiedandanalyz-
ed. From a practical viewpoint, knowing the
importance of attributes is of utmost impor-
tance to invest the scarce resources for the
improvement of decision making and raising
the hotels’ return on investment (Garver,
Williams and LeMay, 2010). Healthcare ho-
tels catering to medical tourists and wellness
tourists have different sets of attributes for
their customers. In health hotels in medical
tourism, mostly medical attributes like qual-
iedmedicalstaff,treatmentquality,balance
diet, cost of treatment, hygiene and security
are important. On the other hand, in health
hotels in wellness tourism attributes such as
location, luxury, vacation, spa, and therapeu-
tic value are of greater signicance (Stein,
DevandTabachhi,1990;Bennett,Kingand
Milner,2004;Burkett,2007;Connell,2013).
The combination of different customized
healthcare and hospitality attributes ensures
PratimChatterjee,SmitaDatta:Bibliometrijskaisadržajnaanalizaliteratureoulozizdravstvenog... 23
pacijenatauhoteluštotakođermožedopri-
nijetiuspjehuhotelausmisluprotaizado-
voljstva gosta (Harvey, Jenkins i Llewellyn,
1993; Reynolds i Leeman, 2007; Chen,
Chang i Wu, 2013; Han, 2013; Han et al.,
2015;SuessiMody,2017).
Druga najčešće korištena varijabla u
zdravstvenim hotelima u istraživanjima
zdravstvenih hotela u medicinskom turizmu
i zdravstvenih hotela u wellness turizmu jest
medicinska i nemedicinska infrastruktura.
Za razliku od wellness turizma, medicinski
turizam zahtijeva u zdravstvenim hotelima
potrebnu medicinsku infrastrukturu. Izbor
zdravstvenoghotelazaliječenjeiliprogram
wellnessa ovisi o kvaliteti medicinske ili
nemedicinske infrastrukture hotela (Han
i Hyun, 2015). Analize ove varijable isti-
čuznačaj različitih elemenatamedicinske i
nemedicinske infrastrukture za medicinske
i wellness turiste u zdravstvenom hotelu.
Osim medicinskih aspekata, poput kvalitete
klinike, kvaliciranih liječnika, sestrinske
njege, odgovarajuće medicinske opreme,
ostali nemedicinski aspekti poput hrane pri-
premljenepremauputamadijetetičara,propi-
sane procedure prijema i otpusta, ljubaznog
osoblja, privatnosti, sigurnosti i osiguranja,
adekvatnih rekreacijskih objekata te smje-
štajaiprehranezačlanoveobiteljibolesnika
odiznimnesuvažnostizazdravstvenihotel
(Hepple,KippsiThomson,1990;Reynoldsi
Leeman,2007;Severtet al.,2007;GaniFre-
derick,2011;Heung,KucukustaiSong,2011;
YuiKo,2012;HeoiHyun,2015;Chatterjee
iLaha,2016;Shirzadiet al.,2016;Kazemha
i Dehkordi, 2017).
Sljedeća važna varijabla za istraživanje
zdravstvenih hotela u medicinskom turizmu
i zdravstvenih hotela u wellness turizmu je
zadovoljstvoklijenata.Budućidasuklijenti
zdravstvenih hotela u stanju stresa, osigura-
njezadovoljstvaklijentazahtijevaosjećajani
pažljivtretman (Nakhaeinejadet al., 2021).
To varijablu zadovoljstva klijenta čini kri-
tičnomzaistraživanjezdravstvenihhotelau
medicinskom turizmu i zdravstvenih hotela
a positive experience of the patients in the
hotel that also improve the performance of
thehotelintermsofprotandguestsatisfac-
tion(Harvey, Jenkins and Llewellyn, 1993;
Reynolds and Leeman, 2007; Chen, Chang
andWu,2013;Han,2013;Han et al.,2015;
Suess and Mody, 2017).
The second most used variable in health
hotels in medical tourism and health hotels
in wellness tourism research is medical vs.
non-medical infrastructure. Medical infra-
structure in a healthcare hotel is mostly de-
sired by the medical tourism as compared to
wellness tourism. Selecting a healthcare ho-
tel for any medical treatment or wellness pro-
gram depends on the quality of medical and
non-medical infrastructure of the hotel (Han
and Hyun, 2015). Studies concerned with
this variable explain the importance of dif-
ferent medical and non-medical infrastruc-
ture for the medical and wellness tourists in
a healthcare hotel. Besides the medical facil-
ities(likeclinicalquality,qualieddoctors,
nursing care, proper medical equipment),
other non-medical facilities, such as proper
food as per dietician instructions, proper ad-
mission and discharge procedures, friendly
staff, privacy, safety and security, adequate
recreational facilities, food and accommo-
dation for patients’ family members, are
crucial in healthcare hotels (Hepple, Kipps
andThomson,1990;ReynoldsandLeeman,
2007;Severtet al.,2007;GanandFrederick,
2011;Heung,KucukustaandSong,2011;Yu
and Ko, 2012; Heo and Hyun, 2015; Chat-
terjeeandLaha,2016;Shirzadiet al.,2016;
Kazemha and Dehkordi, 2017).
Another important variable in health ho-
tels in medical tourism and health hotels in
wellness tourism research is customer satis-
faction. Since the customers of healthcare ho-
tels are in an anxious state of mind, ensuring
customer satisfaction requires sensitive and
careful dealing (Nakhaeinejad et al., 2021).
This makes customer satisfaction a very crit-
ical variable in health hotels in medical tour-
ism and health hotels in wellness tourism
24 ActaTuristica,Vol35(2023),No1,pp7-42
u wellness turizmu. Ova je varijabla jedna-
ko važna kako za medicinski tu rizam tako
i za wellness turizam. Kitapchi, Akdogan i
Dortyol (2014) tvrde da su dvije dimenzije
mjerenja kvalitete usluge (empatija i sigur-
nost)važni preduvjetiza zadovoljstvo klije-
nata te dodaju da su također vrlo značajni
čimbenicireagiranje,sigurnostiopipljivost.
Osim toga, ogroman utjecaj na zadovoljstvo
pacijenta imaju i percipirana korist, pozi-
tivna percepcija cijene, zičko okruženje i
usluge (Harvey, Jenkins i Llewellyn, 1993;
Harris et al.,2002;CheniFlood,2013;Zy-
gourakis et al., 2014;Samal, Misra i Prad-
han,2017;GanguliiEbrahim,2017;Suessi
Mody,2017;Hahmi Severt,2018;Mahmud
et al., 2021).
Neke studije smatraju spremnost na kup-
njuznačajnomvarijablomjerjeizravnopove-
zana s prihodom hotela kako od medicinskih
tako i od wellness turista. Pozitivni atributi,
kao što su prikladnost/udobnost, percepcija
o vlastitom zdravlju i psihološki boljitak, po-
taknutćeželjumedicinskihiwellnessturista
za korištenjem zdravstvenog hotela i njihovu
namjeruzaponovniposjet(Snoj,1995;Kai-
ser,2005;Chen,HsuiTzeng,2011;Lee,Han
iLockyer,2012;Lunt,MannioniExworthy,
2013;Lin,2014;HelmyiZaki,2018).
Dokazano je da je zički komfor jed-
na od najvećih varijabli koje se koriste u
istraživanjima o zdravstvenim hotelima u
medicinskom turizmu i zdravstvenim hote-
lima u wellness turizmu jer je ta vrsta ho-
tela namijenjena klijentima u segmentu niše
pacijenata i članova njihovih obitelji kao i
ostalima koje privlači program wellnessa.
Zabilježeno je da zdravstveni hoteli, koji
kombiniraju ugostiteljstvo i zdravstvo, osigu-
ravaju pacijentima ili medicinskim turistima
ičlanovimanjihovihobitelji zičkikomfor,
tj. štede vrijeme i novac, prikladan smještaj,
sigurnost i povjerljivost i mnogobrojne pa-
ketaranžmane.Iwellnessturistimasenudi
zički komfor koji objed injava pod jednim
krovom sve pogodnosti hotela i wellnessa
(Bookman i Bookman, 2007; Reddy, York
research. This variable is equally important
in both medical and wellness tourism. Kitap-
chi,AkdoganandDortyol(2014)suggested
that two service quality measurement dimen-
sions (empathy and assurance) are important
antecedents of customer satisfaction and
added that responsiveness, assurance, and
tangibilitysignicantlyinuencepatientsat-
isfaction.Again,theperceivedbenet,posi-
tive price perception, physical environment,
and services also have huge impact on patient
satisfaction (Harvey, Jenkins and Llewellyn,
1993; Harriset al., 2002; Chen and Flood,
2013; Zygourakis et al.,2014;Samal,Misra
and Pradhan, 2017; Ganguli and Ebrahim,
2017; Suess and Mody, 2017; Hahm and
Severt,2018;Mahmudet al., 2021).
Willingness to buy in some studies is
considered as an important variable as this
is directly related to the revenue earned by a
healthcare hotel from medical and wellness
tourists respectively. Positive attributes, con-
venience, self-health perception, psychological
well-being will increase the willingness of the
medical and wellness tourists to avail the facil-
ities of the healthcare hotel and increase their
revisit intention (Snoj, 1995; Kaiser, 2005;
Chen, Hsu and Tzeng, 2011; Lee, Han and
Lockyer,2012;Lunt,MannionandExworthy,
2013;Lin,2014;HelmyandZaki,2018).
Physical convenience is found to be one of
the most focal variables used in health hotels
in medical tourism and health hotels in well-
ness tourism research as these types of hotels
deals with a niche segment of customers, i.e.,
patients and their concerned family mem-
bers as well as normal customers coming to
avail wellness program. It has been observed
that healthcare hotels that combine hospital-
ity and healthcare provide physical conveni-
ence to the patients or medical tourists and
their family members in terms of nancial
savings, time savings, proper accommoda-
tion,safety andcondentialityandmultiple
package availability. It also provides physical
convenience to the wellness tourists who get
all the features of hotels and total wellness
PratimChatterjee,SmitaDatta:Bibliometrijskaisadržajnaanalizaliteratureoulozizdravstvenog... 25
treatment under one umbrella (Bookman and
Bookman,2007;Reddy,YorkandBrannon,
2010;Han,2013;HanandHyun,2014;Med-
hekar,WongandHall,2019;Suess,Baloglu
andBusser,2018).
To determine the satisfaction levels of the
medical and wellness tourists, the perceived
value is considered as one of the most impor-
tant variables. It has been observed that high
quality medical and non-medical facilities,
affordable prices and low risk lead to superior
perceivedvalue(Martin,Ramamonjiarivelo
andMartin,2011;Mahmudet al., 2021). The
perceived relative price of the total hotel stay
along with the treatment was found to posi-
tively affect the perceived value whereas the
perceived risk while staying at the healthcare
hotel was found to negatively affect the per-
ceivedvalue(Stein,DevandTabachhi,1990;
Luand Shiu,2009;Lefebvre,2008; Wang,
2012; Hanand Hyun,2014; Shirazdi et al.,
2016; Kazemha a nd Dehkordi,2 017; Sand-
berg,2017;ChatterjeeandLaha,2019).
Better service quality is an important
factor that can be useful for recognizing and
revamping organization’s performance in
the era of intense competition, especially in
critical industries like hospitality and tour-
ism (Namukasa, 2013). In the health hotels in
medical tourism and health hotels in wellness
tourism research another important variable
is the service quality offered by the health-
care hotel to medical and wellness tourists.
To measure the service quality, Parasuraman,
ZeithamlandBerry(1985)proposedacom-
prehensive model comprising ten dimensions
of service quality, i.e. (1) tangibles, (2) relia-
bility,(3)responsiveness,(4)understanding
the customers, (5) access, (6) communica-
tion,(7) credibility, (8)security,(9)compe-
tence and (10) courtesy. The same model was
later simplied and called as SERVQUAL
byParasuraman,ZeithamlandBerry(1988)
bringing it downto vedimensions,i.e.(1)
tangibles, (2) reliability, (3) responsiveness,
(4)assuranceand(5)empathy.SERVQUAL
provides a comprehensive measurement
i Brannon, 2010; Han, 2013; Han i Hyun,
2014;Medhekar,Wongi Hall,2019;Suess,
BalogluiBusser,2018).
Kako bi se odredile razine zadovoljstva
medicinskih i wellness turista, percipirana
vrijednost se razmatra kao jedna od zna-
čajnih varijabli. Utvrđeno je da su visoka
kvaliteta medicinskih i nemedicinskih po-
godnosti,pristupačnecijeneiniskarizičnost
uzrokom više percipirane vrijednosti (Mar-
tin,RamamonjiariveloiMartin,2011;Mah-
mud et al., 2021). Dokazano je da percipira-
na relativna cijena ukupnog boravka u hotelu
uzliječenjepozitivno utječena percipiranu
vrijednost dok boravak u zdravstvenom ho-
telunegativnoutječe na percipiranu vrijed-
nost(Stein,DeviTabachhi,1990;LuiShiu,
2009; Lefebvre, 2008; Wang, 2012; Han i
Hyun,2014;Shirazdiet al.,2016;Kazemha
iDehkordi,2017;Sandberg,2017;Chatterjee
i Laha, 2019).
Boljakvalitetauslugejevažančimbenik
kojimožekoristitiprepoznavanjuipoboljša-
nju poslovanja organizacije u vremenima jake
konkurencije, posebice u osjetljivim gospo-
darskim aktivnostima, poput ugostiteljstva i
turizma(Namukasa,2013).Uistraživanjima
zdravstvenih hotela u medicinskom turiz-
mu i zdravstvenih hotela u wellness turizmu
važnavarijablajeikvalitetauslugekojudaju
zdravstveni hoteli medicinskim i wellness
turistima. Za mjerenje kvalitete usluge Pa-
rasuraman, Zeithaml i Berry (1985) pred-
ložili su sveobuhvatnimodelkojise sastoji
od deset dimenzija kvalitete usluge, a to su:
(1) opipljivost, (2) pouzdanost, (3) reagiranje,
(4) razumijevanje klijenata, (5) pristupač-
nost, (6) komunikacija, (7) vjerodostojnost,
(8) sigur nost,(9) stručnost i (10) uljudnost.
Isti su model kasnije Parasuraman, Zeitha-
ml i Berry (1988) pojednostavili i nazvali
SERVQUAL svodeći ga na pet dimenzija:
(1) materijalni elementi, (2) pouzdanost, (3)
reagiranje,(4)sigurnosti(5)empatija.SER-
VQUAL nudi sveobuhvatnu skalu mjerenja
s praktičnim implikacijama za percipira-
nu kvalitetu usluga klijenata (Parasuraman
26 ActaTuristica,Vol35(2023),No1,pp7-42
et al.,1994).Kao što su primijetiliKumar,
ChavdhuriiBiswal(2018),ovaskalasemože
učinkovito koristiti u različitim uslužnim
djelatnostima poput zdravstva (Peprah i Ata-
rah,2014;Manafet al., 2015), ugostiteljstva
i turizma (Yusof et al.,2014)iznanosti(Ba-
nahene, Ahudey i Asamoah, 2017). Kontrolu
kvalitete i unaprjeđivanje kvalitete usluge
mogućejeučinkovitopostićitakodaseiden-
ticirajuiprateproblemipacijenatailiječe-
nje medicinskih turista te kvaliteta terapije
u toplicama za wellness turiste s njihovog
aspekta. Stoga se tvrdi da se empatija, odgo-
vornost i odjek smatraju osnovnim uslugama
koje nude zdravstveni hoteli medicinskim i
wellness turistima (Wind et al.,1989;Ran-
dall i Senior,1994;Hsieh,Lini Lin,2008;
Sever t et al.,2007;York,2008;Chen,Chang
iWu,2013;Kitapchi,AkdoganandDortyol,
2014;AbubakariIlkan,2016;Samal,Misrai
Pradhan,2017;HelmyiZaki,2018).
5.ZAKLJUČAK
Uovomeseradupropitujunajčešćeteo-
rije/modeli,statističkemetode,citiraničlanci
iprimarnezemlje/regijekorišteneuistraži-
vanjima o zdravstvenim hotelima u medicin-
skom turizmu i o zdravstvenim hotelima u
wellnessturizmu.Takođersenavoderazliči-
ti pristupi i varijable za ispitivanje perspek-
tiva klijenata kao i ugostiteljske djelatnosti u
kontekstu zdravstvenih hotela i medicinskog
iwellnessturizma.Općiporastznanstvenog
interesa i publiciranja literature o zdrav-
stvenim hotelima u medicinskom turizmu i
zdravstvenim hotelima u wellness turizmu
zabilježenje od2000.godine.Kombinirani
rezultati najnovijih istraživanja u tom po-
dručjunanacionalnojimeđunarodnojrazini
olakšalibistručnjacimaoblikovanjepolitika
kojebiuravnotežilenovonastajućitrendme-
dicinskog i wellness turizma s povećanom
potražnjom za zdravstvenim hotelima. U
ovom istraživanju također su utvrđeni ne-
dostaciistraživanjakojibidaliobećavajuće
smjernicezabudućaznanstvenaistraživanja.
scale with practical implications for cus-
tomers’ perceived service quality (Parasur-
aman et al.,1994).As observedbyKumar,
ChavdhuriandBiswal(2018)thisscalecan
be effectively used by different domains of
service industry like healthcare (Peprah and
Atarah,2014;Manafet al., 2015), hospitality
and tourism (Yusof et al.,2014)andacadem-
ia (Banahene, Ahudey and Asamoah, 2017).
Quality control and improvement of service
quality can be achieved effectively by identi-
fying and monitoring the patients’ problems
and treatment for medical tourists, as well
as spa and therapeutic qualities for wellness
tourists from their perspective. Hence, empa-
thy, reliability and responsiveness are found
to be considered essential services in health-
care hotels that cater to medical or wellness
tourists (Wind et al.,1989;RandallandSen-
ior,1994;Hsieh,LinandLin,2008;Severtet
al.,2007;York,2008;Chen,ChangandWu,
2013;Kitapchi,AkdoganandDortyol,2014;
AbubakarandIlkan,2016;Samal,Misraand
Pradhan,2017;HelmyandZaki,2018).
5.CONCLUSION
The present study examines the most used
theories/models, statistical methods, most
cited articles, and primary countries/regions
in the research literature on health hotels in
medical tourism and health hotels in wellness
tourism. Different approaches and variables
are also listed to examine the perspectives of
customers as well as the hospitality industry
regarding healthcare hotels, and medical and
wellness tourism. The surge in scholarly in-
terest and publications on healthcare hotels
in medical tourism and in wellness tourism
literature has been studied since 2000. The
synthesizedndingsofthelatestresearchin
this area at national and international levels
would enable the industry professionals to
formulate appropriate business policies to
leverage the emerging trend of medical and
wellness tourism and increased potential de-
mand for healthcare hotels. This study also
PratimChatterjee,SmitaDatta:Bibliometrijskaisadržajnaanalizaliteratureoulozizdravstvenog... 27
Utvrđenoječakda,iakosupostojećestudije
zdravstvenih hotela u medicinskom turizmu
i u wellness turizmu šarolike, još uvijek je
broj teoretskih okvira oskudan.
Kako je ova studija obuhvatila skro-
manbrojčlanaka,postojenekaograničenja.
Prvo,uobzirsuuzetisamočlancipisanina
engleskom jeziku i drugo, vremenski okvir
za istraživanje općih trendova istraživanja
zdravstvenih hotela u medicinskom turiz-
mu i u wellness turizmu od 2000. do 2022.
godinejerelativnomali.Stogasepreporuča
proširiti vremenski okvir istraživanja kako
bi se uzelo u obzir više studija i dobili isho-
di većeg utjecaja. Kako inovativni koncept
zdravstvenog hotela nije postao vrlo popula-
ran u ugostiteljskoj djelatnosti i turizmu, ova
studijanijeuočila veliki brojinformacija o
izučavanjustrategijabrendiranjazapoticanje
interesa medicinskih i zdravstvenih turista o
tojvrstihotela,atoukazujenamogućnosti
zabudućaizučavanja.
5.1.Teorijskeimplikacije
Dok su medicinski turizam i njegovi
atributi dobili adekvatno priznanje u publi-
kacijama o ugostiteljstvu i turizmu (Connell,
2006; Turner, 2007; Whittaker, 2008:
Connell, 2013;Chuang et al.,2014)kaoi o
wellness turizmu (Hsieh, Lin i Lin, 2008;
Erfurt-Cooper i Cooper, 2009; Lee, Han i
Lockyer, 2012; Chen, Chang i Wu, 2013),
premanašemistraživanjuatributizdravstve-
nihhotelakojiugošćujumedicinskeiwellne-
ssturiste nisubilidovoljnoistraživani prije
ove studije. U ovoj analizi proveden je sis-
tematski pregled literature kako bi se dobio
uvid u ulogu zdravstvenih hotela u odnosu
namedicinski i wellness turizam. Značajan
teoretski doprinos ove studije je proučava-
njeianalizametodaproučavanja,konteksta,
modelaivarijablakojimaseistražujeodnos
zdravstvenih hotela s medicinskim turiz-
mom i wellness turizmom. U približno 10
posto pregleda literature pokušalo se utvr-
ditiilirazvitinoveteorije,avećibrojnovih
identiestheresearchgapsthat canprovide
promising directions for future research to
the academicians. It was observed that even if
the extant studies of health hotels in medical
tourism and health hotels in wellness tour-
ism studies are diverse number of theoretical
lenses are scarce.
As the study included a modest number
of articles, there are a few limitations. First-
ly, it involved only articles written in Eng-
lish;andsecondly,the2000–2022periodof
the research trends study of the literature on
general health hotels in medical tourism and
those in wellness tourism is relatively nar-
row. Therefore, it is advisable to increase the
research time frame so that a greater number
of research articles can be analyzed to result
in a more impactful outcome. The innova-
tive concept of the healthcare hotel has not
gained much popularity in the hospitality
and tourism industry – hence, few insights
in the study about their branding strategy to
gain the attention of medical and wellness
touristshavebeenidentiedmakingitanat-
tractive area for future studies.
5.1.Theoreticalimplications
While medical tourism and its attributes
have received adequate recognition in the
hospitality and tourism literature (Connell,
2006; Turner, 20 07; Whittaker, 2008: Con-
nell, 2013; Chuang et al., 2014) as well as
wellnesstourism(Hsieh,LinandLin,2008;
Erfurt-Cooper and Cooper,2009; Lee,Han
and Lockyer, 2012; Chen, Chang and Wu,
2013), according to our exploration, the at-
tributes of healthcare hotels accommodating
medical and wellness tourists have not been
distinctly discussed before this study. For
the present study a systematic literature re-
view was conducted to understand the role of
healthcare hotels with respect to medical and
wellness tourism. The signicant theoreti-
cal contribution of the present study lies in
both the inspection and analysis of the study
methods, context, models, and variables that
28 ActaTuristica,Vol35(2023),No1,pp7-42
teorijskihotkrićaodiznimnesuvažnostiza
istraživanjaovogpodručja.Takođerjeusta-
novljeno dasu,unatoč razvojunekih novih
teorija i modela, najčešće korišteni mode-
li Model distinktivnih atributa (Han, 2013)
gdje se različiti atributi, poput percepcije,
spoznaje, emocije, povjerenja i namjere za
posjet,smatrajunajvažnijimazamedicinske
i wellness turiste te Model percipiranog is-
hoda (Han et al.,2015)kojinekečimbenike,
poputnancijskeuštede,ugostiteljskogpro-
izvoda i usluge, komfora i medicinske uslu-
ge,smatrabitnima.Glavnaliteraturaozdrav-
stvenim hotelima u medicinskom turizmu i
zdravstvenim hotelima u wellness turizmu
razvrstana je prema razvijenim zemljama i
zemljama u razvoju te prema korištenim sta-
tističkim mjerama. Na kraju se razmatraju
zavisne i nezavisne varijable koje su uzete u
obzir u odnosu medicinskog i wellness turiz-
manazdravstvenehotele.Dakle,utvrđenoje
da su atributi, poput zadovoljstva klijenata,
medicinska i nemedicinska infrastruk tura,
kvalitetausluga,zičkepogodnosti,itd.,naj-
češće korištene varijable u istraživanjima
zdrav stvenih hotela u medicinskom turizmu
i wellness turizmu.
5.2.Praktičneimplikacije
Ova studija ima značajne praktične im-
plikacije na glavne aktere medicinskog i
wellness turizma kao i na ugostiteljski sek-
tor. Očekivanja da će potražnja za putova-
njima motiviranima zdravljem rasti je vrlo
značajna za hotelijere koji žele naći način
kako bi udovoljili potrebama gostiju. To bi se
moglo učinkovito učiniti pružanjem zdrav-
stvenih usluga u hotelima te ponudom po-
godnosti povezanih sa zdravljem u sobama
i programima wellnessa medicinskim i well-
ness turistima (Heo i Hyun, 2015). Sustav-
nim pregledom literature metoda, konteksta,
modela i varijabli istraživanja na temu od-
nosa zdravstvenih hotela s medicinskim tu-
rizmom i wellness turizmom ova studija na-
glašavaznačajzdravstvenihhotelasgledišta
explored the relationship of healthcare hotels
with medical and wellness. Approximately 10
percentoftheliteraturereviewtriedtondor
develop new theories and a greater number of
new theory developments are of utmost im-
portance for future research in this area. In
spite of some new theories and models, the
most widely employed were the Distinctive
Attribute Model (Han, 2013) where different
attributes like perception, cognition, affect,
trust and visit intention are considered most
important by medical and wellness tourists
and the Perceived Outcome Model (Han
et al.,2015)whereafewfactorslikenancial
saving, hospitality product and service, con-
venience and medical service are regarded
as essential by medical tourism and wellness
tourism. The major health hotels in medical
tourism and in wellness tourism literature
havebeenclassiedaccording todeveloped
and developing countries and the statistical
measures employed. Finally, dependent and
independent variables considered in medical
and wellness tourism with respect to health-
care hotels were discussed. In sum, attributes,
customer satisfaction, medical & non-medi-
cal infrastructure, service quality, physical
convenience, etc., are found to be the most
frequently used variables in health hotel med-
ical tourism and wellness tourism research.
5.2.Practicalimplications
This study has important practical impli-
cations for the key players in the medical and
wellness tourism as well as hospitality sector.
Demand for health motivated travels is antici-
pated to grow and it is very much essential for
the hoteliers to explore a way to accommo-
date the guests’ needs. Providing healthcare
services in the hotels and offering health-re-
lated room amenities and wellness programs
to the medical and wellness tourists may be
an effective way to do so (Heo and Hyun,
2015). Through a systematic literature re-
view of the study methods, context, models,
and variables that explored the relationship
PratimChatterjee,SmitaDatta:Bibliometrijskaisadržajnaanalizaliteratureoulozizdravstvenog... 29
medicinskog i wellness turizma. Cilj je ovog
članka istraž iti pot encijalnu ulogu i učina k
kojićetržištawellnessimedicinskogturiz-
ma imati u ugostiteljskoj djelatnosti (Han,
2013;Suess,BalogluiBusser,2018;Wrighti
Zascerinska,2022).Premaovomistraživanju
sektori wellnessa i medicine u okviru indu-
strijeputovanjaimatće značajanutjecajna
oblikovanje budućnosti ukupnog turizma i
ugostiteljstva, a hotelijerstvo bi trebalo isko-
ristiti ovaj trend pri lagođavanjem hotela na
osiguravanje zdravstvene brige zdravstve-
nim turistima. Naši rezultati de factoznače
da medicinski i wellness turisti smatraju da
je boravak u zdravstvenim hotelima pamet-
na odluka. Odgovarajuće medicinske i ne-
medicinske pogodnosti zdravstvenih hotela
potaknutćemedicinskeiwellnessturistena
dobroinformiranje ohotelu,dat će im po-
vjerenje,smatratćegasigurnimiukonačni-
cipomoćiim izaberatizdravstveni hotelza
liječenjeiliwellnessprogram.Stručnjaci(tj.
menadžeri, investitori i znanstvenici) u do-
meni zdravstvenih hotela trebaju se osobito
usredotočiti na varijable naznačene u ovoj
raspraviielaboriratiih,atonijeuobičajena
značajkamedicinskihklinikailitipičnihho-
telazatržišnonatjecanjeuneistraženoj,ali
vrlo potencijalnoj niši. Ova studija također
se pozabavila ulogom zdravstvenih hotela za
turiste i pacijente u epidemijama ili pande-
mijama kao smještajnih ustanova s posebnim
liječenjemilicentarazaizolaciju.Stoga,pre-
poručamo kakopraktičarima takoiteoreti-
čarima fokusiranje na rezultate oveanalize
kako bi unaprijedili, informirali i obrazovali
sadašnjeibudućemedicinskeiwellnesstu-
riste o koristima svojstvenim zdravstvenim
hotelima.
5.3.Smjernicezabudućaistraživanja
Uovomčlankuopisujuserazličitevrste
teoretskih i metodičkih pristupa zdrav-
stvenim hotelima u medicinskom turizmu
i wellness turizmu. Iako je porast opširnih
istraživanjauočentekuposljednjevrijeme,u
of healthcare hotels with medical and well-
ness tourism, this study highlights the signif-
icance of healthcare hotels from the stand-
point of medical and wellness tourism. The
paper intends to explore what potential role
andinuencethewellnessandmedicaltour-
ism markets will have on hospitality industry
(Han,2013;Suess,BalogluandBusser,2018;
Wright and Zascerinska, 2022). According to
this research, the wellness and medical sec-
torsofthetravelindustryimpactsignicantly
the future of the entire tourism and hospi-
tality sector and the hotel industry needs to
leverage from this trend by reshaping itself
to healthcare hotels that cater for healthcare
travelers. Our results practically imply that
medical and wellness tourists perceive the
decisions to stay in healthcare hotels as wise.
The proper medical and non-medical facili-
ties of healthcare hotels will encourage medi-
cal and wellness tourists to gain good percep-
tionsaboutthehotels,boosttheircondence,
lead them to consider them dependable, and
nallyfacilitatetheirchoosingofthehealth-
care hotel for medical treatment or wellness
program. Experts (i.e. managers, investors
and academicians) in the healthcare hotel
industryneed to focusand rene theidenti-
edvariablesdiscussed in thestudy,which
is not a regular feature in medical clinics or
normal hotels, for gaining competitive edge
through an unexplored yet highly potential
niche. This study also addressed the role of
healthcare hotels for tourists and patients in
any epidemic or pandemic as accommoda-
tion establishments with specic treatment
or isolation centers. Hence, we strongly rec-
ommend that industry practitioners and acad-
emicians focus onthe ndings ofthe study
to improve, inform, and educate present and
potential medical and wellness tourists about
thedistinctivebenetsofhealthcarehotels.
5.3.Directionsforfutureresearch
This paper describes various types of
theoretical and methodological approaches
30 ActaTuristica,Vol35(2023),No1,pp7-42
ovomepodručjuistraživanjamoguseopaziti
značajninedostaci.Stogasepredlažusljede-
ćesmjernice:
1. Utvrđenojedajevećinastudijaomedi-
cinskom turizmu i wellness turizmu us-
redotočena na destinacije medicinskog
turizma i odluke o putovanjima turista
u razvijene zemlje ili zemlje u razvoju,
mali ih se broj bavilo ulogom zdravstve-
nih hotela u medicinskom i wellness tu-
rizmu. Osim toga, strategija brendiranja
zdravstvenih hotela također je podr učje
budućihistraživanja.
2. Na osnovi analize može se utvrditi da
medicinski i wellness turizam posto-
je kako u razvijenim zemljama tako i u
zemljamaurazvoju, iakojeistraživanje
zdravstvenih hotela u zemljama u razvoju
oskudno, što navodi na potrebu daljnjeg
proučavanja.
3. Kakosusedosadaistraživanjaupodruč-
ju zdravstvenih hotela u medicinskom tu-
rizmu i wellness turizmu provodila samo
iz perspektive klijenata ili turista, u lite-
raturipostojivelikinedostatakistraživa-
njasgledištamenadžmentazdravstvenih
hotela.Stogajepotrebnobudućaistraži-
vanja usmjeriti na prednosti pretvaranja
običnih hotela u zdravstvene hotele ili
dodavanju zdravstvenih objekata i po-
godnosti u postojeće hotele, osobito iz
perspektive hotela.
4. Postojiširokiopsegmogućnostizabudu-
ćaistraživanjao doprinosuzdravstvenih
hotela kao izvora deviznog priljeva od
međunarodnog medicinskog i wellness
turizma.
K tomu, buduća istraživanja se mogu
usmjeriti na sljedeća pitanja: Koje koristi
imaju medicinski i wellness turisti koji od-
sjedaju u zdravstvenim hotelima u usporedbi
s„klasičnim“hotelima?Kakvaćebitistrate-
gijagrađenjapovjerenjazdravstvenoghotela
za privlačenje medicinskih i wellness turi-
sta? Kako brendirati zdravstveni hotel kao
mjesto medicinskog, zubarskog, kirurškog
of research on health hotels in medical tour-
ism wellness tourism. Even though surge of
extensive research has been noted in recent
times still signicant gaps can b e note d in
this study area. Hence, the following direc-
tions are suggested:
1. It was found that most studies of the
medical tourism and wellness tourism
literature were focused on medical tour-
ism destinations and the tourists’ travel
choices between developed and develop-
ing countries or vice versa but few studies
have focused on the role of healthcare ho-
tels in medical & wellness tourism. More-
over, branding strategy of a healthcare ho-
tel is also an area of future research.
2. It can be established from the studies that
medical and wellness tourism are found
both in developed and developing coun-
tries, whereas research in healthcare ho-
tels is scarce mainly in developing coun-
tries that demands further study.
3. Until now, most research in health ho-
tels in medical tourism and wellness
tourism has been conducted only from
the perspective of customers or tourists,
and there is a huge gap in the literature
in studies from the perspective of the
management of the healthcare hotels.
Thus, future research needs to focus the
benetsofconvertingnormalhotelsinto
healthcare hotels or adding healthcare fa-
cilities into their regular features mostly
from the hotel’s perspective.
4. Thereisanenormousscopeforfuturere-
search opportunities to explore the con-
tributions of healthcare hotels as sources
of foreign exchange earnings from in-
bound medical and wellness tourists.
Additionally, the following research
questions can be addressed in future studies:
What are the benets obtained by medical
and wellness tourists staying in healthcare
hotels compared to ‘normal’ hotels? What
will be the condence building strategy
of healthcare hotels to attract medical and
PratimChatterjee,SmitaDatta:Bibliometrijskaisadržajnaanalizaliteratureoulozizdravstvenog... 31
ili wellness liječenja za vrijeme odmora?
Hoće li se krei rati posebna strategija bren-
diranja zdravstvenih hotela koji ciljaju na tu-
ristekojisedolazeliječitiionekojidolaze
nawellness?Zaštoćemedicinskiiwellness
turistipreferiratizdravstvenehoteleubuduć-
nosti?HoćelipandemijaCOVID-a-19imati
ikakavučinaknapotražnjuzdravstvenihho-
telaubudućnosti?Skakvimseproblemima
iizazovima suočavajuzdravstvenihoteliza
medicinske i wellness turiste koji posluju u
zemljamaurazvoju?
wellness tourists? How to brand a health-
care hotel as a place of procuring medical,
dental, surgical or wellness treatment while
vacationing?Willtherebeseparatebranding
strategies of healthcare hotels targeting tour-
istsfortreatment andtouristsforwellness?
Why will medical and wellness tourists pre-
ferhealthcarehotelsinthefuture?Willthe
COVID-19 pandemic have any effect on the
demand of healthcare hotels in the future?
What are the problems and challenges faced
by healthcare hotels dealing with medical
andwellnesstouristswhichspecicallyop-
erateindevelopingcountries?
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