Populäre Narrative des Politischen: Euroskeptizismus aus Sicht der Empirischen Kulturwissenschaft
Abstract
Narrative über Europa, ob sie sich positiv oder negativ, euphorisch oder skeptisch zu Prozessen der Europäisierung und der europäischen Integration verhalten, sind alltäglich und lassen sich nicht ohne Weiteres durch Erzählangebote der Politik beeinflussen oder gar kontrollieren. Der Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit dem gewöhnlichen und alltäglichen Erzählen über Europa aus Sicht der Empirischen Kulturwissenschaft. Am Beispiel von euroskeptischen Narrativen soll gezeigt werden, wie populäre Narrative über EUropa über Alltagsquellen und Alltagspraktiken analysierbar werden und wie kritischen Einstellungen zu EUropa in alltäglichen Kontexten nachgegangen werden kann.
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The article surveys a giant infrastructural construction project in Poland: the A2 motorway, connecting Poznan´ and Warsaw with the Polish-German border. It was the first private motorway in Poland, and the biggest European infrastructural project, and was realized in a public-private partnership system. The last section of A2 was opened on 1 December 2011, which can be seen as a key moment in Polish socioeconomic transformation. I examine it on two levels: (1) a discourse between government and private investors in which the motorway was the medium of economic and social development and infrastructural “the end” modernization of Poland; (2) practices and opinions of local communities, living along the new motorway. On the first level, the construction of A2 was seen as an impetus for the economic and social development of the regions where the motorway was built. But on the second level, I observe almost universal disappointment and a deep crisis experienced by local economies.
Based on a case study that follows the introduction process of cash registers in Lithuanian open air markets, this paper investigates the local forms and effects of European policies of transparency and standardization. Building
on anthropological research on transparency, standardization and policies, the introduction of cash registers is studied as an implementation of European governmentality leading to new forms of personhood and social exclusion. The paper shows how Europeanization is negotiated in the specific context of open-air markets that traditionally are perceived as being unruly spaces. It highlights the gap between the apparently transparent and clear vision of Europeanization through standardization and its daily mes-siness and disorder.
Zusammenfassung
Dieser Aufsatz geht der Frage nach, wie das Erzählen und der Erzählprozess zur Bewältigung – coping and adjustment – von Umsiedlungserfahrungen beitragen kann. Im Bewältigungsprozess von tagebaubedingten Umsiedlungsmaßnahmen werden verschiedene Strategien zur Bewältigung der Erfahrungen genutzt: neben der konkreten Beteiligung am Planungsprozess und der Bedeutsamkeit von Erinnerungsobjekten ist es vor allem das Erzählen als performativer Akt, der den Umsiedlerinnen und Umsiedlern dabei hilft, die teils als traumatisch wahrgenommen Ereignisse zu verarbeiten. Dabei spielen Bewältigungsstrategien in allen Phasen des Umsiedlungsprozesses eine Rolle. Die vier Phasen des Prozesses (Planung, Übergang, Community-Formation und Übergabe an Andere/spätere Generationen) lassen sich daher auch auf ihr Bewältigungspotential analysieren. Das Erzählen und vor allem das Wiedererzählen über den Prozess und die Umsiedlung spielen dabei in allen Phasen eine Rolle, sind aber in der Umsiedlungsforschung noch wenig bedacht. Diese narratologische Anschlussfähigkeit an die theoretischen Modelle zur Umsiedlung wird in diesem Aufsatz dargestellt.
With reference to anthropologist Ina-Maria Greverus’ pioneering analyses of human-environment relations since the 1970s, the article pushes the idea of Heimat further to the more processual concept of Beheimatung. This is especially relevant for an anthropology of the transnational worlds of (post-)migrant societies with their current negotiation of cross-border migration in the present and concerning colonial objects from the past in museums.
Language and its relation to culture has been a topic of research in German Volkskunde [folklore studies] from the beginning of the discipline. While dialectological studies, linguistic specificities of local cultures and language in everyday life have been integral parts of
Volkskunde for much of the first part of the twentieth century, the discipline saw a shift away from its philological elements towards a social science orientation in post-Second World War developments. During the last decades, the analysis of linguistic dimensions of everyday culture
has been on the margin of scholarly activities in Volkskunde. Starting with a historic perspective on the role of language in the beginnings of the discipline, this article discusses the development and decrease of the study of linguistic aspects. It analyses the role of language in
contemporary German Volkskunde both in theory and methodology, and offers perspectives on how the discipline could benefit from a renewed focus on linguistic dimensions of everyday culture.
Ironic slogans voice opposition to neoliberal austerity measures as people in western Thessaly, Greece, strive to account for dramatically increasing poverty and cultivate a sense of collective suffering in an era of economic crisis. The slogans are pinned to moments of socioeconomic turmoil in recent Greek history, such as the 1941–43 famine and the 1973 polytechnic uprising against military dictatorship. Through satire, they capture local and national attitudes toward the government's current austerity policy and neoliberalism more generally. Drawing on powerful tropes of food, the slogans critique the experiences of neoliberal reform, becoming sites of resistance and solidarity that reframe relations between local people, their government, and international creditors.
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On the basis of fieldwork conducted in the two towns Görlitz and Zgorzelec, situated directly on the German-Polish border, this article explores how different versions of the border are enacted among Polish and German high-school pupils. As is usually the case with borders, the German-Polish border has a multiple, even ambivalent character. Inspired by the performative approach within actor-network theory, this article aims to qualify the concept of the multiple border, where multiplicity is understood as heterogeneous practices and patterns of absences and presences that constitute the border. The data, based on ethnographic fieldwork, consist of 'cartographies', maps made by the pupils, followed up by 'walking conversations' in the two towns on the border. The analysis shows that the border is not only enacted differently; also it is suggested that the performances all deal with and constitute an ambivalent border.