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Say ‘No’ to Cancer and ‘Yes’ to Cranberry: The Role of Cranberry Extract in Inhibition of Growth of Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells
Abstract
Background/aim:
Lung cancer is the leading cause of mortality due to cancer death. Treatment of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is still challenging. Cranberries contain many rich bioactive components that may help fight cancer. The action of cranberry against some cancer types has been reported, however, its role in lung cancer has only been investigated in large-cell lung cancer. In this study, we expanded current research on the role of cranberry in LUAD.
Materials and methods:
A549 LUAD cancer cells were treated with commercial cranberry extract (CE). Proliferation of A549 cells was measured with a clonogenic survival assay and quick proliferation assay. Caspase-3 activity was used to evaluate apoptosis of A549 cells. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction was conducted to investigate the possible molecular mechanisms involved in the action of CE.
Results:
Treatment of LUAD with CE reduced the percentage of A549 colonies. This was consistent with the decrease in the optic density of cancer cells after treatment with CE. Caspase-3 activity increased after treatment with CE. The anti-proliferative effect of CE on A549 cells correlated with reduced expression of pro-proliferation molecules cyclin E, cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) and CDK4. The pro-apoptotic effect of CE on A549 cells correlated with the reduced expression of the anti-apoptotic molecule caspase 8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator (FLIP).
Conclusion:
CE had an inhibitory effect on the growth of LUAD cells by modulation of both pro-proliferative and anti-apoptotic molecules. Our research hopes to guide future treatment options for LUAD.
... Meanwhile, anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin sub-fractions were less effective in the oral cell lines compared to the total polyphenolic extract. 76 The proliferation of CAL27 and SCC25 oral cancer cell lines was significantly inhibited by the dosedependent administration of cranberry extract. ...
Introduction:
Oral cancer is considered the sixth most common form of cancer worldwide. It causes significant morbidity and mortality, especially in low socioeconomic status groups. However, Cancer chemoprevention encompasses the use of specific compounds to suppress the growth of tumours or inhibit carcinogenesis. Natural products have been identified as one of the most significant sources of anti-cancer agents. Meanwhile, several synthetic drugs exhibit potential cytotoxicity and can induce a wide range of degenerative diseases.
Aim of the review:
This review aims to determine the various plants, vegetables, and fruits possessing natural chemotherapeutic agents against oral cancer cells.
Materials and methods:
A comprehensive review of findings reported in articles retrieved from searches of computerised databases, hand searches, and authoritative texts. Inclusion databases include PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, and Scientific. Exclusion Computerised databases: Wikipedia or unknown sources.
Results:
Natural products have fewer side effects, high selectivity, low toxicity, and eliminate cancer cells. Thus, the application of natural products as alternative oral and other cancer therapies has recently demonstrated remarkable progress.
Conclusion:
Natural products have been widely used in developing oral anti-cancer drugs. Most of these natural products present bioactive chemical agents and novel mechanisms of action, such as the inhibition of tumour cell growth, the induction of apoptosis, DNA damage, and the inhibition of topoisomerases I and II. In future, the successful integration of natural products in oral cancer chemoprevention field depends on the advancement of molecular targeting, personalised approaches, and the exploration of novel drug delivery systems. Furthermore, integration of preclinical findings in clinical trials will be important for translating research into impactful interventions.
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