A Meticulous Review of Clinical Utility of Madhura Rasa as Expounded in Charaka Samhitha

Abstract

Ayurveda, the science of life, is one of the oldest medical sciences in the world. One among the Great Trio of Ayurveda is Charaka Samhitha by Agnivesha. It is constituted of 120 chapters spread across 8 Sthaanas (sections). The review of references of Madhura across Charaka Samhitha was started by thorough screening using E–Samhitha where Madhura or its synonyms were searched for. The references obtained were tabulated with brief context, application and usage. The literature search of Charaka Samhitha proffered 104 references pertaining to clinical utility of Madhura Rasa were Madhura /its synonyms were directly mentioned. From the 104 references of Madhura Rasa, 14 contexts pointed it out as Nidana – causative factor, 31 contexts as Lakshana – Signs/symptoms/properties and 59 contexts highlighted it as a Chikitsa – treatment/essential regimen. Of these 104 references, 93 were for internal usage and 11 for external utility. Further work towards use of appropriate drugs from Madhura Skandha is essential for beneficial and effective use of Madhura Rasa in clinical practice.

Full text

ISSN: 2322 - 0902 (P)
ISSN: 2322 - 0910 (O)
IJAPR | May 2023 | Vol 11 | Issue 5
91
International Journal of Ayurveda
and Pharma Research
Review Article
A METICULOUS REVIEW OF CLINICAL UTILITY OF MADHURA RASA AS EXPOUNDED IN CHARAKA
SAMHITHA
Rakshitha R. Rao1*, Giri Prashanth K.G2, Seema Pradeep3
*1Post Graduate Scholar, 2Professor and Guide, 3Professor and HOD, Department of PG Studies in Dravyaguna, Sri
Sri College of Ayurvedic Science and Research, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
Article info
Article History:
Received: 18-04-2023
Revised: 09-05-2023
Accepted: 25-05-2023
KEYWORDS:
Ayurveda,
Madhura Rasa,
Charaka
Samhitha,
Clinical utility,
Swaadu, Sweet
taste.
ABSTRACT
Ayurveda, the science of life, is one of the oldest medical sciences in the world. One among
the Great Trio of Ayurveda is Charaka Samhitha by Agnivesha. It is constituted of 120
chapters spread across 8 Sthaanas (sections). The review of references of Madhura across
Charaka Samhitha was started by thorough screening using E–Samhitha where Madhura or
its synonyms were searched for. The references obtained were tabulated with brief context,
application and usage. The literature search of Charaka Samhitha proffered 104 references
pertaining to clinical utility of Madhura Rasa were Madhura /its synonyms were directly
mentioned. From the 104 references of Madhura Rasa, 14 contexts pointed it out as Nidana –
causative factor, 31 contexts as Lakshana – Signs/symptoms/properties and 59 contexts
highlighted it as a Chikitsa – treatment/essential regimen. Of these 104 references, 93 were
for internal usage and 11 for external utility. Further work towards use of appropriate drugs
from Madhura Skandha is essential for beneficial and effective use of Madhura Rasa in clinical
practice.
INTRODUCTION
Ayurveda, the science of life, is one of the
oldest medical sciences in the world. Although texts of
Ayurveda were lost during different stages of history,
there still exists an ocean of knowledge of Ayurveda in
the form of Samhithas and Nighantus and many more.
The Brihatrai (Great Trio) stand as the main pillars for
Ayurveda Vaidhyas. One among the Great Trio of
Ayurveda is Charaka Samhitha by Agnivesha. It is
constituted of 120 chapters spread across 8 Sthaanas
(sections) – Sutra Sthaana (30 chapters), Nidana
Sthaana (8 chapters), Vimana Sthaana (8 chapters),
Shaareera Sthaana (8 chapters), Indriya Sthaana (12
chapters), Chikitsa Sthaana (30 chapters), Kalpa
Sthaana (12 chapters) and Siddhi Sthaana (12
chapters)[1].
Charaka Samhitha quotes Madhura Rasa (sweet taste)
as Swaadu while enumerating it as the first one among
the 6 Rasas in the 1st chapter of Sutra Sthaana[2].
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With Swaadu Rasa being explained as the one
capable of Sarvadhatu Vardhana (aids in development
of all the body tissues), Kaphakara (increases Kapha),
Pitta and Vata Shaamaka (alleviates Pitta and Vata)[3],
its clinical utility mentioned across Charaka Samhitha
needed a thorough search to analyze its benefits and
limitations in terms of Triskandha of Ayurveda –
Nidana (causative factor), Lakshana (quality/signs and
symptoms/presentation) and Chikitsa (treatment).
Thus a review of Madhura Rasa from Charaka
Samhitha was carried out.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The review of references of Madhura across
Charaka Samhitha was started by thorough screening
using E - Samhitha[4] where Madhura or its synonyms
were searched for. The references thus obtained were
cross referred and analyzed for the context and
relevance using Charaka Samhitha with Chakrapani
Teeka[5] and a well-known English translation[6] of the
text. The references were tabulated with the heading of
the Sloka as mentioned in the index of Charaka
Samhitha and context of the reference.
Analysis of application as Nidana (causative
factor), Lakshana (quality/signs and symptoms/
presentation) and Chikitsa (treatment) and usage
either as internal or externally utilized were also

Int. J. Ayur. Pharma Research, 2023;11(5):91-100
Available online at: http://ijapr.in
92
tabulated along for easy interpretation of the clinical
relevance of the detailed review.
OBSERVATION AND RESULTS
The literature search of Charaka Samhitha
proffered 104 references pertaining to clinical utility of
Madhura Rasa were Madhura/its synonyms were
directly mentioned. From these 104 references, 22
were from Sutra Sthaana, 10 from Nidana Sthaana, 7
from Vimana Sthaana, 11 from Shaareera Sthaana, 0
from Indriya Sthaana, 41 from Chikitsa Sthaana, 2 from
Kalpa Sthaana and 11 from Siddhi Sthaana.
The references are tabulated below with brief context,
application and usage.
Table 1: References of Madhura Rasa in Sutra Sthaana of Charaka Samhita
S. no
Adhyaaya
Context
Application
Usage
1
Deergan Jeeviteeyam
Adhyayam [1/ 61]
Shleshmano Gunaaha Madhura Rasa is a Guna
of Kapha
Lakshana
Internal
2
Deergan Jeeviteeyam
Adhyayam [1/ 100]
Ashta Vidha Mutraanam Naama Karmaani
Aja Mutra is Kashaaya Madhura Rasa Yukta,
Pathya and Tridosha Hara.
Lakshana
Internal
3
Deergan Jeeviteeyam
Adhyayam [1/ 101]
Ashta Vidha Mutraanam Naama Karmaani
Gavya Mutra is slightly Madhura, Dosha
Shamaka, indicated in Krimi, Kushta, Kandu,
Udara etc
Lakshana
Internal
4
Deergan Jeeviteeyam
Adhyayam [1/ 107]
Ashta Vidha Kshiraanam Naama Karmaani
Nari Stanya is generally Madhura, Snigdha,
Sheeta, etc indicated in Raktapitta etc.
Lakshana
Internal
5
Shad Virechana
Shatasritiya Adhyaya
[4/6]
Pancha Kashaya Yonayaha
Madura is one among the five Kashaya Yoni.
Lakshana
Internal
6
Matrashitayam
Adhyamam [5/ 26]
Snaihika Dhooma Varti Dravyani.
Snehavarti for Duma should be made of
Maduradravya along with Vasa, Gritha and
Madhuchishta.
Chikitsa
Internal
7
Tasyaashitiyam
Adhyaham [6/ 23]
Vasantha Charya.
One should avoid Guru, Snigdha and Madhura
Ahara during Vasantha Rutu.
Nidana
Internal
8
Tasyaashitiyam
Adhyaham [6/ 42]
Sharad Charya
Madhura, Laghu, Sheeta Anna Pana is advised
in Sharadrutu to alleviate Pitta.
Chikitsa
Internal
9
Swedhaadhyaya
[14/ 15]
Athiswinnasya Chikitsa
Regimen to be followed in Atiswinna should
essentially be of Snigdha and Sheetha.
Chikitsa
External
10
Chikitsa Praabruthiya
Adhyaya [16/ 24]
Samshodanasya Atiyoga Mayogayoho
Prathikaraha.
Taila or Gritha prepared with Madhuradravyas
are indicated for Pana and Anuvasana in
Athiyoga of Shodana.
Chikitsa
Internal
11
Kiyanthaha Shirasiya
Adhyaya [17/75]
Ojaso Lakshnam
Prakritha Ojas has Madhura Rasa Sarpivarna
and Laja Gandha.
Lakshana
Internal
12
Trishotiya Adhyayam
[18/7/3]
Kaphajashothasya Nidhanam Lakshanam Cha
Guru, Madhura, Sheeta, Snigdha, Atiswapna etc
causes Sleshma Prakopa leading to Shotha.
Nidana
Internal
13
Maha Rogadhyaya
[20/13]
Kupitsya Vaayor Upakramaha
Madhura Dravya is the foremost indication in
Kupita Vata Shamana.
Chikitsa
Internal
14
Maha Rogadhyaya
Kupita Pittasya Upakramaha
Chikitsa
Internal

Rakshitha R. Rao et al. A Meticulous Review of Clinical Utility of Madhura Rasa as Expounded in Charaka Samhitha
IJAPR | May 2023 | Vol 11 | Issue 5
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[20/16]
Kupita Pitta should be treated with drugs
having Madhura, Tikta, Kashaya, Sheeta etc
Gunas
15
Ashtau Ninditiya
Adhayaya [21/4]
Atisthulasaya Doshaha.
Excessive intake of Guru, Madhura, Sheetha,
Snigdha etc will lead to Athistoulya.
Nidana
Internal
16
Santharpaniyam
adhyayam [23/3]
Santharpana Nimittani
One who over indulges himself in Snigdha,
Madhura Guru Picchila, Nava Anna etc. are
bound to end up in Santarparna Janya Vyadhi
Nidana
Internal
17
Atreya Badrakapyiya
Adhyayam [26/48]
Virya Vaiparitya
Anupa and Jalaja Mamsa have Usna Virya
despite being that of Madhura Rasa.
Lakshana
Internal
18
Atreya Badrakapyiya
Adhayam [26/54]
Rasanam Viryena Alpha Madhya Varatva
Pradarshnam
Madhura is Snigdha, Sheeta ,Guru Pravara.
Lakshana
Internal
19
Atreya Badrakapyiya
Adhayam [26/58]
Rasanam Vipaka Nirdeshaha
Amla and Madura

Madhura Vipaka
Lakshana
Internal
20
Atreya Badrakapyiya
Adhayam [26/61-2]
Madhuraadinaam Vipakam Karyam.
Madhura Vipaka is Guru, aggravates Kapha,
promotes Shukra and helps in proper
elimination of Mutra and Vit.
Lakshana
Internal
21
Atreya Badrakapyiya
Adhayam [26/74]
Shannaam Rasaanaam Vigyaanam.
Madhurarasa Lakshana
Lakshana
Internal
22
Atreya Badrakapyiya
Adhayam [26/82]
Justification for Virudha.
Matsya should not be taken with Khseera even
though both are of Madhura Rasa because their
Virya is contradictory.
Nidana
Internal
Sutra Sthaana contains a total of 22 references of Madhura Rasa; This includes: Nidana-5, Lakshana- 11, Chikitsa-
6; Internal usage- 21, External Use- 1;
Table 2: References of Madhura Rasa in Nidana Sthaana of Charaka Samhita
Sl no
Adhyaaya
Context
Application
Usage
1
Jwara Nidanam
[1/25]
Sleshma Jwarasya Hetu
Excessive intake of Snigdha, Madhura, Guru, etc
will lead to Kapha Prakopa
Nidana
Internal
2
Rakta Pitta Nidanam
[2/ 11]
Raktapittasya Chikita Sutram.
Based on Vyadhi Avasta, Rogi Avasta, wherever
indicated Santarpana or Apatarpana line of
management using Mrudhu Madhura etc
Pradhana Bhojana, Bahya Lepa, Parisheka,
Avagaha etc should be followed.
Chikitsa
Internal
3
Rakta Pitta Nidanam
[2/ 14]
Pitta Chikitsa Urdwaga Raktha.
Madhura Aushada is indicated in Urdwaga Rakta
Pitta which is Sadhya.
Chikitsa
Internal
4
Gulma Nidanam
[3/ 10]
Marutena Sahasleshma Prakope Hetuhu.
Debilitated person of Vaha Gulma when consumes
excessive amounts of food which are of Guru,
Snigdha , Madhura Gunas, will end up in Prakopa
of Kapha along with already vitiated Vata.
Nidana
Internal
5
Prameha Nidanam
[4/5]
Kapha Pramehaysa Nidanam
Athi Madhura Sevana is one among the major
Nidhana enlisted that are leading to Prameha.
Nidana
Internal

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6
Prameha Nidanam
[4/ 9]
Kapha Pramehaysa Samprapthihi.
Types of Kapha Prameha are based on single or
multiple Kapha Guna Prakopha like Madhura,
Guru, Sandra etc.
Lakshana
Internal
7
Prameha Nidanam
[4/ 14]
Sleshma Prameha Lakshana .
Ikshu Valika Rasa Meha-excessively Madhura,
Sheetala, Picchila, Avila Kandekshu Rasa like Mutra
is seen in this Prameha.
Lakshana
External
8
Prameha Nidanam
[4/ 19]
Sleshma Prameha Lakshana.
Sheeta Meha- Atyartha Madhura, Sheeta, Madhura
Mutra is seen in this Prameha.
Lakshana
External
9
Prameha Nidanam
[4/ 37]
Vatamehanam Nidanam Sampraptishcha.
Madhhura Swabhava of Ojas is involved along
with Rooksha and Kashaya Guna of Vayu in Madhu
Meha.
Lakshana
Internal
10
Prameha Nidanam
[4/ 44]
Madhumeha Lakshana.
Person passing out Madhura, Kashaya, Pandu
Varna and Rooksha Mutra is termed to be a Madhu
Mehi.
Lakshana
External
Nidana Sthaana contains a total of 10 references of Madhura Rasa; This includes: Nidana-3, Lakshana- 5, Chikitsa-
2; Internal usage- 7, External Use- 3;
Table 3: References of Madhura Rasa in Vimana Sthaana of Charaka Samhita
Sl no
Adhyaaya
Context
Application
Usage
1
Rasa Vimanam [1/6]
Rasa – Dosha interrelation
Madhura Rasa– Vata Shamana, Pitta Shamana,
Shleshma Janana
Lakshana
Internal
2
Rasa Vimanam [1/14]
Sarpishaha Pittashamakatvam – Sarpi helps in
Pitta Shamana because of its Maadhurya, Shaitya,
Mandata which are opposite to that of Pitta.
Madhunaha Shleshma Shamakatva – Shleshma
having Madhura, Snigdha and Manda Guna is
alleviated by Ruksha, Teekshna and Kashayatva of
Madhu
Chikitsa
Internal
3
Rasa Vimanam [1/16]
Pippali Guna
Pippali has Katu Rasa but Madhura Vipaka
Lakshana
Internal
4
Rogaanikam Vimanam
[6/ 17]
Pitta Prakope Karanasya Avajayanam
Madhura, Tikta, Kashaya, Sheeta Aushadha should
be used for internal administration in Pitta
Prakopa
Chikitsa
Internal
5
Roga Bhishgjiteeyam
Adhyayam [8/96]
Shleshmalasya Lakshanam
Madhura Guna of Shleshma contibutes to
Prabhoota Shukrata of Kapha Prakriti person
Lakshana
Internal
6
Roga Bhishagjiteeyam
Adhyayam [8/ 138]
Basis of inclusion in Aasthapana Skanda
Each Skandha is based on Shadrasa Madhura
Skanda includes all those Dravyas having
Madhura Rasa / Vipaka/ Prabhava.
Lakshana
Internal
7
Roga Bhishagjiteeyam
Adhyayam [8/ 139]
Madhura Skandha
Chikitsa
Internal
Vimana Sthaana contains a total of 7 references of Madhura Rasa; This includes: Nidana-0, Lakshana- 4, Chikitsa- 3;
Internal usage- 7, External Use- 0;

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Table 4: References of Madhura Rasa in Shaareera Sthaana of Charaka Samhita
Sl no
Adhyaaya
Context
Application
Usage
1.
Shareera
Vichaya
Shareeram
[6/11]
Shareera Dhaatu Vriddhi and Hraasa Karana
Shukra Kshaya – Ksheerasarpi, Madhura, Sheeta, Snigdha,
Dravya Prayoga
Shleshma Kshaya – Snigdha Guru Madhura
Saandrapicchila Dravya Prayoga
Chikitsa
Internal
2.
Jati Sutreeyam
Shareeram
[8/4]
Garbhadhana Poorvakarma
After Shodhana , Asthapana and Anuvasana, Purusha must
be given Madhuroushadha Samskritha Gritha and Ksheera
Chikitsa
Internal
3.
Jati Sutreeyam
Shareeram
[8/ 21]
Garbhopaghatakara Bhava
Madhura Nitya Sevana by Garbhini causes Prameha,
Mookamati, Sthoulya in baby
Nidana
Internal
4.
Jati Sutreeyam
Shareeram
[8/22]
Garbhinyah Samaasenopachara Vidhi
If Garbhini gets Jwaradi Vyadhi, then among the Dravyas
described in respective context, the medicines that have
Mrudhu, Madhura, Sheeta, Sukumara ones must be
selected as Ahara and Aushadha
Chikitsa
Internal
5.
Jati Sutreeyam
Shareeram
[8/ 27]
Upavishtaka Nagodarayoho Chikitsa
Gritha ,Dugdha and eggs processed with Bhoutika,
Jeevaneeya, Madhura, Brimhana, Vatahara Dravyas should
be administered for Garbha Vriddhi in Nagodara and
Upavishtaka
Chikitsa
Internal
6.
Jati Sutreeyam
Shareeram
[8/ 28]
Garbha Aspandane Chikitsa
Mrudhu, Madhura, Sheetala Bhojana should be
administered
Chikitsa
Internal
7.
Jati Sutreeyam
Shareeram
[8/ 29]
Udavartha and Vibandha Chikitsa in Garbhini
Madhura Siddha Taila Anuvasana just after Bhojana is
advised
Chikitsa
Internal
8.
Jati Sutreeyam
Shareeram
[8/ 31]
Mrita Garbha Aharana Vidhi
For Dhatu Poshana in Ama Garbha Nirharita Sthree ,
Deepaneeya, Madhura, Jeevaneeya, Brimhaneeya Drvya
Saadhita Gritha should be used for procedures and along
with food etc.
Chikitsa
Internal
9.
Jati Sutreeyam
Shareeram
[8/ 32]
Nirvikara Garbhasya Mase Mase Karma
Dwitiya Masa – Madhura Aushadha Siddha Dugdha should
be taken regularly.
Shasta Masa – Madhuraushadha Siddha Dugdha with
Gritha should be administered.
In Kikkisa – Madhuraushadha Siddha Navaneeta should be
administered regularly in Panitala Matra with Kola.
Vatahara Madhura Aushadha or Ahara along with ghee
and salt should be taken during and after food along with
Alpa Jala as Anupana
Navama Masa – Madhuraoushadha Siddha Taila
Anuvasana is indicated
Chikitsa
Internal
10.
Jati Sutreeyam
Shareeram
[8/ 49]
Sutikasya Dashadivasa Upachara
Abhyanga, Utsaadana, Parisheka, Avagaha, Anna Pana
should all be processed with Bhoutika, Jeevaneeya,
Madhura, Vatahara Dravya
Chikitsa
External
11.
Jati Sutreeyam
Shareeram
[8/ 65]
Kumarasya Roga Pradurbhave Upacharaha
Madhura , Mrudhu, Sheeta, Laghu Aushadha Prayoga is
advised before any Kalyana Karaka Karmas
Chikitsa
Internal

Int. J. Ayur. Pharma Research, 2023;11(5):91-100
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Shaareera Sthaana contains a total of 11 references of Madhura Rasa; This includes : Nidana-1, Lakshana- 0,
Chikitsa- 10; Internal usage- 10, External Use- 1
Table 5: References of Madhura Rasa in Chikitsa Sthaana of Charaka Samhita
Sl no
Adhyaaya
Context
Application
Usage
1
Prana Kamiya Rasayana
Paada
[1/2/11]
Nagabala Rasayana
Nagabala should be collected from fields that
are Krishna and Madhura
Lakshana
External
2
Kara Prachiteeyo
Rasayana Paada
[1/3/57]
Shilajatu Rasayana
Swarna Shilajatu has Madhura, Tikta,
Japapushpanibha Varna, and Katu Vipaka
Lakshana
Internal
3
Gulma Chikitsitam
[5/ 58]
Kapha Gulme Chikitsa Kramaha
Kapha which is Madhura and Snigda gets
aggravated in those who indulge in Mamsa
and Grita, thus Kshara having Ksharana
property is advised
Chikitsa
Internal
4
Prameha Chikitsitam
[6/ 55]
Madhumehasaya Vishesha Nirnaya
Madhura, Pichila, Madhoopama Mutra in
Prameha may be due to Vata or by
Atisantarpana in Kaphaja Prameha
Lakshana
External
5
Rajayakshma Chikitsitam
[8/ 61]
Rajayakshme Aruchi Lakshanam
The taste of the mouth becomes Madura in
Kaphaja type of Aruchi
Lakshana
Internal
6
Rajayakshma Chikitsitam
[8/ 168 ]
Rajayakshmani Katipaya Brimhana Yogaha
Madhura Gana Dravya Kalka, Dashamooladi
Kwatha Sadhitha Gritha is excellent for cure of
Kshaya
Chikitsa
Internal
7
Arshas Chikitsitam
[14/ 9]
Arshasam Samanya Hetuhu
In a person with Agnimandya, Mala gets
accumulated because of excess intake of Guru,
Madhura, Sheeta, Abhishyandi, Vidhahi,
Virudha Ahara
Nidana
Internal
8
Arshas Chikitsitam
[14/ 18]
Kaphaja Arshas Hetu
Madhura, Sheeta, Snigda, Lavana, Amla, Guru
Ahara are the causative factors for Kaphaja
Arshas
Nidana
Internal
9
Arshas Chikitsitam
[14/ 206]
Raktarshasanam Ahara
Raktarshas patient should take food along
with meat of Shasha, Harina by adding slightly
Madhura and Amla ingredients
Chikitsa
Internal
10
Grahani Chikitsitam
[15/ 69]
Kapha Grahani Gadasya Lakshana
Dusta Udgara with Durgandha and Madhura
taste is seen in Kaphaja Grahani
Lakshana
Internal
11
Grahani Chikitsitam
[15/ 118]
Grahanyam Takra Prayoga
Because of Madura Vipaka, Takra does not
aggravate Pitta
Chikitsa
Internal
12
Grahani Chikitsitam
[15/ 193]
Panchama Kshara administration
After the digestion of Panchama Kshara,
patient is advised to take food with Mamsa
Rasa or Madhura Dravya or Ksheera
Chikitsa
Internal
13
Grahani Chikitsitam
[15/ 200]
Grahanyam Avasthiki Chikitsa
In Bahupitta Avastha, Deepana Dravyas having
Tikta Rasa should be given with Madhura Rasa
Dravyas
Chikitsa
Internal

Rakshitha R. Rao et al. A Meticulous Review of Clinical Utility of Madhura Rasa as Expounded in Charaka Samhitha
IJAPR | May 2023 | Vol 11 | Issue 5
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14
Grahani Chikitsitam
[15/ 221]
Management of Atyagni
Guru, Snigdha, Sheeta, Madhura Annapana are
indicated in Atyagni
Chikitsa
Internal
15
Grahani Chikitsitam
[15/ 232]
Managment Of Atyagni
Madhura, Shleshmala, Guru Bhojana is advised
in Atyagni
Chikitsa
Internal
16
Pandu Roga Chikitsitam
[16/ 135]
Halimakasya Chikitsa
Virechana should be given with Madhura
Praya Pitta Vatahara Dravya
Chikitsa
Internal
17
Hikka Shwasa Chikitsitam
[17/ 81]
Anubandhaja Hikka Shwasa Chikitsa
When associated with Svaraksaya, Atisara etc
Madhura Sheeta etc Dravya should be used
Chikitsa
Internal
18
Hikka Shwasa Chikitsitam
[17/ 133]
Hikkayam Katipayayoganam
Madhura Saditha Gritha is indicated in Hikka
for Pana or Nasya
Chikitsa
Internal
19
Kasa Chikitsitam
[18/ 17 ]
Shleshma Kasasya Nidanam
Guru, Madhura, Snigdha Ahara in excess can
lead to Kapahaja Kasa
Nidana
Internal
20
Kasa Chikitsitam
[18/ 19]
Kapha Kasasya Lakshan
Spitting of Ghana Kapha in large quantity
which is Madhura is seen in Kaphaja Kasa
Lakshana
External
21
Kasa Chikitsitam
[18/ 84]
Pitta Kase Chikitsa Krama
In Tanu Kapha Yukta Pitta Kasa, Trivrit with
Madhura Dravya is advised for Virechana
Chikitsa
Internal
22
Kasa Chikitsitam
[18/96]
Pitta Kase Anna Pana
Madhura, Jangala Rasa is advised with
Shyamaka, Yava and Kodrava
Chikitsa
Internal
23
Kasa Chikitsitam
[18/98]
Pitta Kase Annapana
All things which are Madhura and Sheeta but
not Vidahi are indicated
Chikitsa
Internal
24
Kasa Chikitsitam
[18/ 103]
Pitta Kase Katipaya Yoga
Madhura Dravya Kalka Sadhitha Grutha is
indicated here
Chikitsa
Internal
25
Kasa Chikitsitam
[18/ 134]
Kshata Kase Chikitsa Krama
Treatment should be initiated instantaneously
with Madhura, Jivaniya, Bala, Mamsa Vardhaka
Dravya
Chikitsa
Internal
26
Atisara Chikitsitam
[19/ 7]
Shleshmatisarasya Nidanani
Intake of Madhura, Guru, Sheeta, Snigda
Dravya in excess is a Nidana for Kaphaja
Atisara
Nidana
Internal
27
Visarpa Chikitsitam
[21/ 39]
Granthi Visarpasya Nidana
Sthira, Guru, Madhura ,Sheeta etc Atisevana
can lead to Granthi, Visarpa
Nidana
Internal
28
Visarpa Chikitsitam
[21/ 109]
Visarpe Annapana
Dadima, Amalaka etc are advised to be added
to Mantha to make it Madhura and Amla
without making it Snigdha
Chikitsa
Internal
29
Trishna Roga Chikitsitam
[22/ 32]
Trishnayaha Samanya Chikitsa
Milk boiled with Madhura, Sheeta and
Jivaneeya Gana Dravya is indicated
Chikitsa
Internal
30
Madatyaya Chikitsitam
Vatikadinam Pana Vidhihi
Chikitsa
Internal

Int. J. Ayur. Pharma Research, 2023;11(5):91-100
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98
[24/ 22]
Pitta Prakruthi person will not get adversely
afflicted if he drinks Madya after resorting to
Madhura, Sheeta etc Ahara and Vihara
31
Madatyaya Chikitsitam
[24/ 31]
Ojas Guna
Ojas is having Madhura Rasa
Lakshana
Internal
32
Madatyaya Chikitsitam
[24/ 115]
Madya Prayoga in Madatyaya
Madya by nature has Madhura Anurasa
Lakshana
Internal
33
Dwivraniya Chikitsitam
[25 / 14]
Paittika Vrana Chikitsa
Sheeta, Madhura, Tikta Pradeha Parisheka
Grita Pana and Virechana are indicated in
Paittika Vrana
Chikitsa
External
34
Trimarmiya Chikitsitam
[26/ 75]
Raktaja Mutra Kricchra Chikitsa
Milk or oil processed with Madhura Dravya
should be used for Uttara Basti
Chikitsa
Internal
35
Trimarmiya Chikitsitam
[26/ 164]
Mayura Grita
Madhura Dravya Kalpa is an ingredient of this
Grita
Lakshana
Internal
36
Trimarmiya Chikitsitam
[26/ 285]
Pitaittika Svaradheda Chikitsa
Virechana with Madhura Sadhita Ksheera is
advised
Chikitsa
Internal
37
Vata Vyadhi Chikitsitam
[28/ 192]
Pitta Samsrtshta Vata Chikitsa
Madhura Aushada Siddha Taila Anuvasana is
advised in Pitta Samstshta Vata
Chikitsa
Internal
38
Vata Shonita Chikitsitam
[29/ 125]
Vatarakte Shuladi Chikitsa
Sneha cooked with Madhura Dravya is advised
for Parishechana
Chikitsa
External
39
Yoni Vyapad Chikitsitam
[30/ 85]
Paittika Yoniroga Chikitsa
Basti containing Madhura Dravya and Ksheera
is indicated in Paittika Yoniroga
Chikitsa
Internal
40
Yoni Vyapad Chikitsitam
[30/ 112]
Mahayoni Chikitsa
Vasa and Grita cooked by adding Madhura
Dravya should be used for Yoni Poorana
Chikitsa
Internal
41
Yoni Vyapad Chikitsitam
[30/ 145]
Shudha Shukra Lakshana
Shudha Shukra has Madhura Rasa , Snigda ,
Ghana, Picchila Guna and is ideal for
conception
Lakshana
For
begetting
progeny
Chikitsa Sthaana contains a total of 31 references of Madhura Rasa; This includes : Nidana-5, Lakshana- 10,
Chikitsa- 26; Internal usage- 36, External Use- 5;
Table 6: References of Madhura Rasa in Kalpa Sthaana of Charaka Samhita
Sl no
Adhyaaya
Context
Application
Usage
1
Madana Kalpam
[1/9]
Appropriate habitat for drug collection
Swarna Varna, Madhura / Snigdha Krishna,
Madhura Mrittika is best for drug
collection
Lakshana
External
2
Chaturangula Kalpam
[8/4]
Aragvadhasya Gunaha
Aragvadha is very useful in conditions like
Jwara, Hridroga Vatarakta, Udavartha etc
because of its Madhura Rasa Sheeta Veerya
and Mrudhu Guna
Chikitsa
Internal
Kalpa Sthaana contains a total of 2 references of Madhura Rasa; This includes : Nidana-0, Lakshana- 1, Chikitsa- 1;
Internal usage- 1, External Use- 1;

Rakshitha R. Rao et al. A Meticulous Review of Clinical Utility of Madhura Rasa as Expounded in Charaka Samhitha
IJAPR | May 2023 | Vol 11 | Issue 5
99
Table 7: References of Madhura Rasa in Siddhi Sthaana of Charaka Samhita
Sl no
Adhyaaya
Context
Application
Usage
1
Vamana Virechana
Vyapat Siddhi
[6/ 46]
Atiyoga Janya Vyapat Chikitsa
Madhura Gana Dravyas should be administered to
eliminate the residual Shodhana drug in case of
Atiyoga
Chikitsa
Internal
2
Vamana Virechana
Vyapat Siddhi
[6/48]
Atiyoga Janya Vyapat Chikitsa
Anna Paana and Aushadha prepared with Madhura,
Sheeta and Kashaya are indicated to arrest urge to
vomit or purge in excess
Chikitsa
Internal
3
Vamana Virechana
Vyapat Siddhi
[6/51]
Atiyoga Janya Vyapat Chikitsa
Ksheerasarpi processed with Madhura Varga should
be used for Anuvasana Basti
Chikitsa
Internal
4
Vamana Virechana
Vyapat Siddhi
[6/63]
Parikartika Vyapadasya Chikitsa
Brimhana and Madhura Siddha Dravya recipes and
procedures are advised in case of Kshaama Yukta
patient
Chikitsa
Internal
5
Vamana Virechana
Vyapat Siddhi
[6/ 67]
Parikartika Vyapadasya Chikitsa
Picchabasti prepared with drugs of Kashaya,
Madhura Sheeta Dravyas is beneficial
Chikitsa
Internal
6
Vamana Virechana
Vyapat Siddhi
[6/ 73]
Hridgraha Vyapadasya Chikitsa
If patient faints due to aggravated Pitta, Madhura
Dravya should be administered to induce Vamana
Chikitsa
Internal
7
Praasrita
Yogeeyaam Siddhi
[8/ 32]
Atisara Nashana Yogaaha
Enema with Madhura, Kashaya and Tikta is advised
in Rakta and Kapha Vimoorchita Avastha
When Vata and Pitta are predominantly involved,
Madhura Amla and Tikta Dravyas should be used for
enema
Chikitsa
Internal
8
Praasrita
Yogeeyaam Siddhi
[8/ 43]
Atisara Chikitsa Sootra
Vataja Atisara – Koshna Basti with Madhura Amla
Lavana Dravyas
Pittaja and Raktaja Atisara – Pachana containing
Sheeta, Kashaya and Madhura Dravyas is adviced
Chikitsa
Internal
9
Trimarmeeyam
Siddhi [9/21]
Tandra Nidana
Madura, Snigdha, Guru Anna Sevana
Chikitsa
Internal
10
Trimarmeeyam
Siddhi [9/97]
Tarpana Nasyaartha Dravya
Madhura Skanda Dravyas should be used for
Tarpana type of Nasya
Chikitsa
Internal
11
Phala Maatraa
Siddhi [11/ 13]
Phala and its identity
Madana Phala is not contraindicated in any disease.
It has Madhura, Kashaya, Tikta Rasa, Asnigdha,
Ishath Katu and Ushna Gunas; thus eliminates Kapha
and Pitta instantaneously and also causes
Vatanulomana
Chikitsa
Internal
Siddhi Sthaana contains a total of 11 references of Madhura Rasa; This includes: Nidana-0, Lakshana- 0, Chikitsa-
11; Internal usage- 11, External Use- 0
DISCUSSION
In the 26th chapter of Charaka Samhitha Sutra
Sthaana, after an elaborate discussion among seers,
Madhura (sweet), Amla (sour), Lavana (salty), Katu
(spicy), Tikta (bitter) and Kashaya (astringent) were
concluded as the 6 Rasas (tastes). Madhura/Swaadu
taking the 1st place in the list, has been ascribed with
many major functions related to growth and
development of the body like Sarvadhaatu Vardhana,
Jeevana etc.

Int. J. Ayur. Pharma Research, 2023;11(5):91-100
Available online at: http://ijapr.in
100
None the less, today’s world of food and
nutrition has raised concerns over the harms that
sweet taste may cause. The blame that the refined
food, refined sugars, artificial sweeteners are
attracting, need not be the case for what Ayurveda
considers under Sweet taste. The perception of
Madhura Rasa ranges from rich carbohydrate sources
like Rice (Shaali) to Ikshu (sugar cane) and medicinal
plants such as Jeevaka etc. which have Madhura Rasa
and even includes others that do not even have
Madhura Rasa but have similar effect on human body
like Ashwagandha, Guduchi etc. This is quite clear with
the 85 Dravyas quoted in Madhura Skandha of Charaka
Samhitha. With this background of varied
interpretation, the review of clinical utility of Madhura
Rasa from Charaka Samhitha was carried out.
From the 104 references of Madhura Rasa, 14
contexts pointed it out as Nidana – causative factor, 31
contexts as Lakshana – Signs/symptoms/properties
and 59 contexts highlighted it as a Chikitsa –
treatment/ essential regimen. Of these 104 references,
93 were for internal usage and 11 for external utility.
The references pertaining to Nidana mostly
related to the lifestyle disorder category of diseases
seen today like the diabetes, obesity and others.
Seasonal restrictions for consumption of Madhura Rasa
during Vasanta Ritu can also be noted.
When it comes to the Lakshana, the very vital
component of the body – Ojas – is described to have
Madhura Rasa. It is also as a sign/symptom in case of
Madhuraasyata (sweet taste in mouth), Madhura
Mootrata (sweet urine) etc. in various contexts.
In the Chikitsa aspect, it can be seen as a
medicine indicated to induce Shodhana - Purificatory
therapy (Table 5; Sl No. 16), as Shamana – subsiding
measures (Table 5; Sl No. 14), as a regimen in
pregnancy (Table 4; Sl No. 9), as diet or Pathya (Table
5; Sl No. 12) and many more.
Madhura Rasa is extensively mentioned in the
management of Vyapad (complications) of
Panchakarma procedures across various contexts of
Siddhi Sthaana.
There is a need for further exploration and
analysis of application of Madhura Skandha (Table 3; Sl
No. 7) Dravyas in these contexts as both - components
of the Skanda and the scenarios of clinical utility of
Madhura Rasa are wide and varied.
CONCLUSION
The review of clinical utility of Madhura Rasa
from Charaka Samhitha elicited 104 references. The
references describe Madhura Rasa as Nidana, Lakshana
and Chikitsa in various contexts. Further work towards
use of appropriate drugs from Madhura Skandha is
essential for beneficial and effective use of Madhura
Rasa in clinical practice.
Acknowledgement
My sister Dr. Rajatha R. Rao is acknowledged here for
her support in review process.
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Cite this article as:
Rakshitha R. Rao, Giri Prashanth K.G, Seema Pradeep. A Meticulous Review of
Clinical Utility of Madhura Rasa as Expounded in Charaka Samhitha. International
Journal of Ayurveda and Pharma Research. 2023;11(5):91-100.
https://doi.org/10.47070/ijapr.v11i5.2795
Source of support: Nil, Conflict of interest: None Declared
*Address for correspondence
Dr. Rakshitha R. Rao
Post Graduate Scholar,
Department of PG Studies in
Dravyaguna, Sri Sri College of
Ayurvedic Science and Research,
Bengaluru, Karnataka.
Email:
rameshrakshitha15@gmail.com