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Efectos fisiológicos del estrés hídrico en variedades de frijol

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Víctor Montero-Tavera
Víctor Montero-Tavera
Víctor Montero-Tavera
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Glenda Margarita Gutierrez-Benicio at Instituto Tecnológico de Roque
Glenda Margarita Gutierrez-Benicio
Ana I Mireles at University of Guanajuato
Ana I Mireles
Cesar L. Aguirre-Mancilla at Tecnológico Nacional de México. Instituto Tecnológico de Roque
Cesar L. Aguirre-Mancilla
  • Tecnológico Nacional de México. Instituto Tecnológico de Roque
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Abstract

Efectos fisiológicos del estrés hídrico en variedades de frijol tolerantes a la sequía Physiologycal effects of water stress in cultivars of bean tolerant to drought Resumen El entendimiento de la respuesta fisiológica al estrés hídrico resulta un factor clave para identificar variedades tolerantes en cultivos agrícola como el frijol. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar los caracteres diferenciales en la respuesta fisiológica a la sequía entre variedades de frijol contrastantes en su tolerancia al estrés hídrico. El experimento se realizó en condiciones de invernadero y utilizando tratamientos de sequía como fuente de variación experimental durante dos etapas fenológicas con cuatro variedades. Las respuestas fisiológicas a la sequía fueron diferentes entre las variedades susceptibles y tolerantes, incluso entre estas. De acuerdo con los resultados, la variedad más tolerante fue Pinto Saltillo (PS). La tasa de fotosíntesis, la producción de semillas, la biomasa del follaje (BF) y la raíz pueden ser criterios útiles en la identificación y selección de genotipos tolerantes a este estrés. Palabras clave: Phaseolus vulgaris; estrés hídrico; respuesta fisiológica. Abstract Understanding the physiological response to water stress is a key component to identify tolerant cultivars on crops such as bean. The aim of this study was to determine the differential traits in the physiological response to drought among bean cultivars contrasting in their tolerance to water stress. The experiment was performed in greenhouse conditions using drought treatments as a source of experimental variation during two phenological stages with four cultivars. The physiological responses to drought were different between susceptible and tolerant cultivars. According to the results, Pinto Saltillo (PS) was the most tolerant cultivar. Photosynthesis rate, seed production, foliage and root biomass could be used as criteria to identify and select tolerant genotypes to water stress.
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http://doi . o r g / 1 0 . 1 5 1 74/au.2019.1816
Efectos fisiológicos del estrés hídrico en variedades de frijol
tolerantes a la sequía
Physiologycal effects of water stress in cultivars of bean tolerant to drought
Víctor Montero-Tavera1, Glenda M. Gutiérrez-Benicio2, Ana I. Mireles-Arriaga3,
César L. Aguirre-Mancilla2, Jorge A. Acosta-Gallegos1, Jorge E. Ruiz-Nieto3*.
1Campo Experimental Bajío, Instituto Nacional de Investigacion es Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias.
2Departamento de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Instituto Tecnológico de Roque, Tecnológico Nacional de México.
3Departamento de Agronomía, Universidad de Guanajuato, Km 9 Carretera Irapuato-Silao, Irapuato, Guanajuato, México, 36500.
Correo electrónico: jorge.ruiz@ugto.mx
*Autor de correspondencia
Resumen
El entendimiento de la respuesta fisiológica al estrés hídrico resulta un factor clave para identificar variedades tolerantes en cultivos
agrícola como el frijol. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar los caracteres diferenciales en la respuesta fisiológica a la sequía
entre variedades de frijol contrastantes en su tolerancia al estrés hídrico. El experimento se realizó en condiciones de invernadero y
utilizando tratamientos de sequía como fuente de variación experimental durante dos etapas fenológicas con cuatro variedades. Las
respuestas fisiológicas a la sequía fueron diferentes entre las variedades susceptibles y tolerantes, incluso entre estas. De acuerdo con los
resultados, la variedad más tolerante fue Pinto Saltillo (PS). La tasa de fotosíntesis, la producción de semillas, la biomasa del follaje (BF)
y la raíz pueden ser criterios útiles en la identificación y selección de genotipos tolerantes a este estrés.
Palabras clave: Phaseolus vulgaris; estrés hídrico; respuesta fisiológica.
Abstract
Understanding the physiological response to water stress is a key component to identify tolerant cultivars on crops such as bean. The aim
of this study was to determine the differential traits in the physiological response to drought among bean cultivars contrasting in their
tolerance to water stress. The experiment was performed in greenhouse conditions using drought treatments as a source of experimental
variation during two phenological stages with four cultivars. The physiological responses to drought were different between susceptible
and tolerant cultivars. According to the results, Pinto Saltillo (PS) was the most tolerant cultivar. Photosynthesis rate, seed production,
foliage and root biomass could be used as criteria to identify and select tolerant genotypes to water stress.
Keywords: Phaseolus vulgaris; water stress; physiological response.
Recibido: 3 de marzo de 2017
Como citar: Montero-Tavera, V., Gutiérrez-Benicio, G. M., Mireles-Arriaga, A. I., Aguirre-Mancilla, C. L., Acosta-Gallegos, J. A., & Ruiz-Nieto, J. E.
(2019). Efectos fisiológicos del estrés hídrico en variedades de frijol tolerantes a la sequía. Acta Universitaria 29, e1816. doi.
http://doi.org/10.15174.au.2019.1816
Publicado: 08 de abril de 2019
Aceptado: 24 de octubre de 2018
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ISSN online 2007-9621
Montero-Tavera, V., Gutiérrez-Benicio, G. M., Mireles-Arriaga, A. I., Aguirre-Mancilla, C. L., Acosta-Gallegos, J. A., & Ruiz-Nieto, J. E.
Efectos fisiológicos del estrés hídrico en variedades de frijol tolerantes a la sequía. | 1-7
Introducción
‐ ‐
‐
Materiales y Métodos
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Montero-Tavera, V., Gutiérrez-Benicio, G. M., Mireles-Arriaga, A. I., Aguirre-Mancilla, C. L., Acosta-Gallegos, J. A., & Ruiz-Nieto, J. E.
Efectos fisiológicos del estrés hídrico en variedades de frijol tolerantes a la sequía. | 1-7
𝐶𝑅𝐴 = (𝑃𝑒𝑠𝑜 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑐𝑜 − 𝑃𝑒𝑠𝑜 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜
𝑃𝑒𝑠𝑜 𝑠𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜 − 𝑃𝑒𝑠𝑜 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜)100
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ISSN online 2007-9621
Montero-Tavera, V., Gutiérrez-Benicio, G. M., Mireles-Arriaga, A. I., Aguirre-Mancilla, C. L., Acosta-Gallegos, J. A., & Ruiz-Nieto, J. E.
Efectos fisiológicos del estrés hídrico en variedades de frijol tolerantes a la sequía. | 1-7
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ISSN online 2007-9621
Montero-Tavera, V., Gutiérrez-Benicio, G. M., Mireles-Arriaga, A. I., Aguirre-Mancilla, C. L., Acosta-Gallegos, J. A., & Ruiz-Nieto, J. E.
Efectos fisiológicos del estrés hídrico en variedades de frijol tolerantes a la sequía. | 1-7
Variedades: Pinto Villa (PV), Pinto Saltillo (PS), Bayo Madero (BM), Canario 60 (C60). Tratamientos: sequía (S), doble sequía evaluada en la etapa reproductiva (DS),
riego (R). Etapas fenológicas: vegetativa (V), etapa reproductiva (R). Variables: contenido de humedad del sustrato (CHS, %), biomasa del follaje (BF, g), biomasa de
la raíz (BR, g), densidad estomática (DE, estomas por 0.137 mm2), contenido relativo de agua (CRA, %), tasa de fotosíntesis (A, µmol CO2 m-2 s-1), conductancia
estomática (gs, mmol H2O m-2 s-1), peso de semilla producida por planta (PRO, g), peso de cien semillas (P100S, g). Análisis: valores con la misma letra dentro de
hileras de promedios son estadísticamente iguales Tukey (p < 0.05), diferencias significativas p<0.05 (*), diferencias altamente significativas p < 0.01 (**), sin valor
(-).
Fuente: Elaboración propia.
Etapa
PV-S
PV-DS
PV-R
PS-S
PS-DS
PS-R
BM-S
BM-
DS
BM-R
C60-S
C60-
DS
C60-R
V**
2.3 c
-
30.6 a
2.4 c
-
29.5
ab
1.9 c
-
25.7 b
3.1 c
-
29.1 ab
R**
3.0 d
3.7 d
49.9 a
3.1 d
4.9 d
34.9 c
2.7 d
5.1 d
54.3 a
2.6 d
3.7 d
41.6 b
V**
2.6 d
-
3.8 a
3.2 bc
-
2.9 cd
3.7 ab
-
3.0 cd
2.6 d
-
3.0 cd
R**
4.4
bcd
3.9 cd
4.7 bcd
3.9 cd
3.5 d
6.3 a
5.2 abc
4.4 bcd
5.6 ab
5.1 abc
4.0
bcd
4.7 bcd
V**
3.8 a
-
1.5 b
3.4 a
-
0.9 b
3.2 b
-
0.5 a
0.6 b
-
0.5 b
R**
0.9 b
0.9 b
1.6 a
0.8 b
0.7 b
1.6 a
1.1 ab
0.9 b
1.6 a
1.3 ab
0.9 b
1.0 b
V**
40.0
abc
-
45.0 a
39.8
abc
-
43.4
ab
39.2
bcd
-
41.8
abc
33.8 d
-
36.2 cd
R**
43.2
ab
41.0
abc
48.4 a
38.0
abc
34.4
bc
46.0
ab
39.2
abc
46.0 ab
44.0 ab
40.6
abc
30.4 c
38.0
abc
V**
65.7
ab
-
67.0 a
67.7 a
-
66.9 a
76.9 a
-
74.6 a
54.6 b
-
69.4 a
R**
74.0
abc
77.2
abc
64.3 bc
74.3
abc
76.7
abc
59.1 c
71.6
abc
78.6 ab
85.8 a
78.0
abc
82.1
ab
82.6 ab
V**
6.5 c
-
7.4 ab
6.1 c
-
6.8 bc
4.7 d
-
6.3 c
6.6 bc
-
7.9 a
R**
5.1 ef
6.1
bcde
6.3
abcd
5.3 def
6.6 abc
5.8
cde
4.8 f
6.2
abcd
7.0 ab
5.7
cdef
5.8 cde
7.2 a
V**
0.0 d
-
173 b
0.0 d
-
148 c
0.0 d
-
196 a
0.0 d
-
176 b
R**
0.0 d
0.0 d
166 a
0.0 d
0.0 d
113 c
0.0 d
0.0 d
138 b
0.0 d
0.0 d
141 b
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Montero-Tavera, V., Gutiérrez-Benicio, G. M., Mireles-Arriaga, A. I., Aguirre-Mancilla, C. L., Acosta-Gallegos, J. A., & Ruiz-Nieto, J. E.
Efectos fisiológicos del estrés hídrico en variedades de frijol tolerantes a la sequía. | 1-7
Variable
Variedad
SV
SR
DS
R
PRO
PV**
1.90 b
1.89
b
0.92
c
3.06
a
PS**
2.44 b
1.94
bc
1.85
c
4.38
a
BM**
0.77 c
1.53
b
1.38
b
2.61
a
C60**
2.09 b
1.58
c
1.53
c
2.61
a
P100S
PV**
27.5 b
28.3
b
24. 8
b
46.0
a
PS**
25.6 b
23.2
b
22.5
b
33.9
a
BM**
35.8 a
35.3
a
43.5
a
26. 2
b
C60**
26.8 bc
31.4
ab
25.8
c
32.7
a
Variedades: Pinto Villa (PV), Pinto Saltillo (PS), Bayo Madero (BM), Canario 60 (C60). Tratamientos: sequía en la etapa vegetativa (SV), sequía en la
etapa reproductiva (SR), sequía consecutiva en las etapa vegetativa y reproductiva (DS), riego (R). Pesó de semilla producida (PRO, g), peso de cien
semillas (P100S, g). Análisis: valores con la misma letra dentro de hileras de promedios son estadísticamente iguales Tukey (p< 0.05), diferencias
significativas p < 0.05 (*), diferencias altamente significativas p < 0.01 (**).
Fuente: ídem.
Conclusiones
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ISSN online 2007-9621
Montero-Tavera, V., Gutiérrez-Benicio, G. M., Mireles-Arriaga, A. I., Aguirre-Mancilla, C. L., Acosta-Gallegos, J. A., & Ruiz-Nieto, J. E.
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Response of bean cultures’ water use efficiency against climate warming in semiarid regions of China
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  • Jul 2016
  • AGR WATER MANAGE
Farm crop growing and high efficiency water resource utilizing are directly influenced by global warming, and a new challenge will be given to food and water resource security. A simulation experiment by farm warming with infrared ray radiator was carried out, and the result showed photosynthesis of broad bean was significantly faster than transpiration during the seedling stage, ramifying stage, budding stage, blooming stage and podding stage when the temperate was increased by 0.5–1.5 °C. But broad bean transpiration was faster than photosynthesis during the budding stage, blooming stage and podding stage when the temperature was increased by 1.5 °C above. The number of grain per hill and hundred-grain weight were significantly increased when the temperature was increased by 0.5–1.0 °C. But they significantly dropped and finally the yield decreased when the temperature was increased by 1.0 °C above. The broad bean yield decreased by 39.2–88.4% when the temperature was increased by 1.5–2.0 °C. The broad bean water use efficiency increased and then decreased with temperature rising. The water use efficiency increased when the temperature was increased by 1.0 °C below, and it quickly decreased when the temperature was increased by 1.0 °C above. In all, global warming in the future will significantly influence the growth, yield and water use efficiency of bean cultures in China’s semiarid regions.
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Identification of novel drought-tolerant-associated SNPs in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)
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Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is a leguminous in high demand for human nutrition and a very important agricultural product. Production of common bean is constrained by environmental stresses such as drought. Although conventional plant selection has been used to increase production yield and stress tolerance, drought tolerance selection based on phenotype is complicated by associated physiological, anatomical, cellular, biochemical, and molecular changes. These changes are modulated by differential gene expression. A common method to identify genes associated with phenotypes of interest is the characterization of Single Nucleotide Polymorphims (SNPs) to link them to specific functions. In this work, we selected two drought-tolerant parental lines from Mesoamerica, Pinto Villa, and Pinto Saltillo. The parental lines were used to generate a population of 282 families (F3:5) and characterized by 169 SNPs. We associated the segregation of the molecular markers in our population with phenotypes including flowering time, physiological maturity, reproductive period, plant, seed and total biomass, reuse index, seed yield, weight of 100 seeds, and harvest index in three cultivation cycles. We observed 83 SNPs with significant association (p < 0.0003 after Bonferroni correction) with our quantified phenotypes. Phenotypes most associated were days to flowering and seed biomass with 58 and 44 associated SNPs, respectively. Thirty-seven out of the 83 SNPs were annotated to a gene with a potential function related to drought tolerance or relevant molecular/biochemical functions. Some SNPs such as SNP28 and SNP128 are related to starch biosynthesis, a common osmotic protector; and SNP18 is related to proline biosynthesis, another well-known osmotic protector.
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Moles AT, Westoby M.. Seed size and plant strategy across the whole life cycle. Oikos 113: 91-105
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We compiled information from the international literature to quantify the relationships between seed mass and survival through each of the hazards plants face between seed production and maturity. We found that small-seeded species were more abundant in the seed rain than large-seeded species. However, this numerical advantage was lost by seedling emergence. The disadvantage of small-seeded species probably results from size-selective post-dispersal seed predation, or the longer time small-seeded species spend in the soil before germination. Seedlings from large-seeded species have higher survival through a given amount of time as seedlings. However, this advantage seems to be countered by the greater time taken for large-seeded species to reach reproductive maturity: our data suggested no relationship, or perhaps a weak negative relationship, between seed size and survival from seedling emergence through to adulthood. A previous compilation showed that the inverse relationship between seed mass and the number of seeds produced per unit canopy area per year is countered by positive relationships between seed mass, plant size and plant longevity. Taken together, these data show that our old understanding of a species' seed mass as the result of a trade-off between producing a few large offspring, each with high survival probability, versus producing many small offspring each with a lower chance of successfully establishing was incomplete. It seems more likely that seed size evolves as part of a spectrum of life history traits, including plant size, plant longevity, juvenile survival rate and time to reproduction.
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Open or Close the Gate – Stomata Action Under the Control of Phytohormones in Drought Stress Conditions
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Two highly specialized cells, the guard cells that surround the stomatal pore, are able to integrate environmental and endogenous signals in order to control the stomatal aperture and thereby the gas exchange. The uptake of CO2 is associated with a loss of water by leaves. Control of the size of the stomatal aperture optimizes the efficiency of water use through dynamic changes in the turgor of the guard cells. The opening and closing of stomata is regulated by the integration of environmental signals and endogenous hormonal stimuli. The various different factors to which the guard cells respond translates into the complexity of the network of signaling pathways that control stomatal movements. The perception of an abiotic stress triggers the activation of signal transduction cascades that interact with or are activated by phytohormones. Among these, abscisic acid (ABA), is the best-known stress hormone that closes the stomata, although other phytohormones, such as jasmonic acid, brassinosteroids, cytokinins, or ethylene are also involved in the stomatal response to stresses. As a part of the drought response, ABA may interact with jasmonic acid and nitric oxide in order to stimulate stomatal closure. In addition, the regulation of gene expression in response to ABA involves genes that are related to ethylene, cytokinins, and auxin signaling. In this paper, recent findings on phytohormone crosstalk, changes in signaling pathways including the expression of specific genes and their impact on modulating stress response through the closing or opening of stomata, together with the highlights of gaps that need to be elucidated in the signaling network of stomatal regulation, are reviewed.
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Phenotyping common beans for adaptation to drought
Article
Full-text available
  • Mar 2013
Common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) originated in the New World and are the grain legume of greatest production for direct human consumption. Common bean production is subject to frequent droughts in highland Mexico, in the Pacific coast of Central America, in northeast Brazil, and in eastern and southern Africa from Ethiopia to South Africa. This article reviews efforts to improve common bean for drought tolerance, referring to genetic diversity for drought response, the physiology of drought tolerance mechanisms, and breeding strategies. Different races of common bean respond differently to drought, with race Durango of highland Mexico being a major source of genes. Sister species of P. vulgaris likewise have unique traits, especially P. acutifolius which is well adapted to dryland conditions. Diverse sources of tolerance may have different mechanisms of plant response, implying the need for different methods of phenotyping to recognize the relevant traits. Practical considerations of field management are discussed including: trial planning; water management; and field preparation.
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Physiological traits related to terminal drought resistance in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
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Full-text available
Background: A major problem in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) agriculture is the low yield due to terminal drought. Because common beans are grown over a broad variety of environments, the study of drought-resistant genotypes might be useful to identify distinctive or common mechanisms needed for survival and seed production under drought. Results: In this study the relationship between terminal drought resistance and some physiological parameters was analysed using cultivars contrasting in their drought response from two different gene pools. Trials were performed in three environments. As expected, drought treatments induced a decrease in leaf relative humidity and an increase in leaf temperature; however, when these parameters were compared between susceptible and resistant cultivars under optimal irrigation and drought, no significant differences were detected. Similar results were obtained for chlorophyll content. In contrast, analysis of relative water content (RWC) and stomatal conductance values showed reproducible significant differences between susceptible and resistant cultivars grown under optimal irrigation and drought across the different environments. Conclusions: The data indicate that drought-resistant cultivars maximise carbon uptake and limit water loss upon drought by increasing stomatal closure during the day and attaining a higher RWC during the night as compared with susceptible cultivars, suggesting a water balance fine control to achieve enough yield under drought.
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Photosynthesis and chloroplast genes are involved in water-use efficiency in common bean
Article
  • Dec 2014
  • PLANT PHYSIOL BIOCH
A recent proposal to mitigate the effects of climatic change and reduce water consumption in agriculture is to develop cultivars with high water-use efficiency. The aims of this study were to characterize this trait as a differential response mechanism to water-limitation in two bean cultivars contrasting in their water stress tolerance, to isolate and identify gene fragments related to this response in a model cultivar, as well as to evaluate transcription levels of genes previously identified. Keeping CO2 assimilation through a high photosynthesis rate under limited conditions was the physiological response which allowed the cultivar model to maintain its growth and seed production with less water. Chloroplast genes stood out among identified genetic elements, which confirmed the importance of photosynthesis in such response. ndhK, rpoC2, rps19, rrn16, ycf1 and ycf2 genes were expressed only in response to limited water availability. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
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Morphological, physiological and biochemical responses of plants to drought stress
Article
  • May 2011
  • AFR J AGR RES
Plants in nature are continuously exposed to several biotic and abiotic stresses. Among these stresses, drought stress is one of the most adverse factors of plant growth and productivity and considered a severe threat for sustainable crop production in the conditions on changing climate. Drought triggers a wide variety of plant responses, ranging from cellular metabolism to changes in growth rates and crop yields. Understanding the biochemical and molecular responses to drought is essential for a holistic perception of plant resistance mechanisms to water-limited conditions. This review describes some aspects of drought induced changes in morphological, physiological and biochemical changes in plants. Drought stress progressively decreases CO 2 assimilation rates due to reduced stomatal conductance. It reduces leaf size, stems extension and root proliferation, disturbs plant water relations and reduces water-use efficiency. It disrupts photosynthetic pigments and reduces the gas exchange leading to a reduction in plant growth and productivity. The critical roles of osmolyte accumulation under drought stress conditions have been actively researched to understand the tolerance of plants to dehydration. In addition, drought stress-induced generation of active oxygen species is well recognized at the cellular level and is tightly controlled at both the production and consumption levels, through increased antioxidative systems. This review focuses on the ability and strategies of higher plants to respond and adapt to drought stress.
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Differential sensitivity of C3 and C4 plants to water deficit stress: Association with oxidative stress and antioxidants
Article
  • Dec 2006
  • ENVIRON EXP BOT
The metabolic reasons associated with differential sensitivity of C3 and C4 plant species to water stress are not well understood. In the present study, 15-day-old wheat (Triticum aestivum) and maize (Zea mays) plants, representatives of C3 and C4 plants, respectively, were subjected to mild (−0.4MPa), moderate (−0.8MPa) and high (−1.5MPa) water stress levels induced by PEG-6000 for 7 days under controlled conditions. The roots and leaves of these plant species were evaluated for oxidative damage and antioxidants along with stress injury (as electrolyte leakage), water content and abscisic acid. While at mild stress, both the plant species did not vary significantly from each other for stress injury, moderate and high stress levels caused considerably more damage to wheat as compared to maize. This was accompanied by more loss of water and chlorophyll by wheat relative to maize at these stress levels. ABA content remained unaffected at mild stress level in both the plant species but showed significantly higher content in roots and leaves of maize than wheat at moderate and high stress levels. The oxidative damage in terms of malondialdehyde and H2O2 content was markedly higher in wheat as compared to maize at moderate and high stress levels. Relatively, maize had significantly higher content of non-enzymatic (ascorbic acid and glutathione) and enzymatic antioxidants (ascorbate peroxidase, dehydroascorbate reductase and glutathione reductase, especially in its leaves). In contrast, wheat possessed more activity of catalase in its roots as well as leaves in comparison to maize. Superoxide dismutase activity showed little variation between the two plant species. Leaves of both the species experienced more damage than roots. These findings suggested that differential sensitivity of C3 and C4 plants to water stress appear to be partially governed by their ability to counter oxidative stress, pertinently involving ascorbic acid and glutathione.
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