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www.ijcrt.org © 2023 IJCRT | Volume 11, Issue 5 May 2023 | ISSN: 2320-2882
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Parenting Style And Children’s Behavior: A
Review Study
1SEEMA RAMBHAU PERKAR, 2DR. APARNA ASHTAPUTRE
1RESEARCH SCHOLAR, 2HOD, Psychology department
1Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University Chhatrapati Sambhaji Nagar,
2Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University,Chhatrapati Sambhaji Nagar
Abstract
Parenting is the general practise of child rearing that affects children's physical, emotional, mental, and social
development in both the short- and long-term. Children's behaviour and behavioural symptoms are directly
impacted by parenting style in the family. Numerous studies have shown a correlation between parenting style
and behavioural issues in kids. In this paper, numerous parenting styles are examined along with the impacts
they have on the children's lives in general. The work aims to make a unique addition by identifying gaps in
the literature, making suggestions for further study on how parents influence their children's futures, and
concluding with a clear and concise argument.
Keywords: Parenting style, authoritarian parenting, authoritative parenting, permissive parenting, uninvolved
parenting and children’s behavior
Introduction
In the family, parenting practises have a direct impact on children's behaviour and behavioural symptoms.
Researchers have paid a lot of attention to children's behavioural issues during the past 20 years, including
externalising and internalising (Cartwright, Hatton, 2005). The children's Behavioural Check List (CBCL) has
been used extensively by Achenbach and his students since 1991 to identify youngsters with behavioural
issues. Internalisation difficulties include those involving sadness, anxiety, withdrawal, and bodily symptoms,
whereas externalisation problems include those involving violence, disobedience, rebelliousness, and drug use
(Phares, 2003).
www.ijcrt.org © 2023 IJCRT | Volume 11, Issue 5 May 2023 | ISSN: 2320-2882
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Baumrind (1966) primarily defined three major parenting philosophies based on parental responsiveness and
demands. The fourth one has now been added to the list using creative investigation and material that is readily
available. Based on the norms, values, and behaviour that parents impart to their kids, the four parenting styles
are classed.
These four parenting styles-authoritarian, authoritative, permissive, and uninvolved-have been identified so far
based on parents' levels of demands and attentiveness.
Authoritarian Parenting Style
These parents are regarded as being strict disciplinarians. They follow a stringent code of conduct.Such parents
simply imply the rules to their kids without listening to them. They don't foster as much as the others do.
Additionally, they have high standards for their kids and very little flexibility. They forbid their kids from
engaging in any sort of problem-solving activities. They don't take into account their child's perspective; they
simply impose the regulations. Instead of teaching their children how to make better decisions, authoritarian
parents make their kids feel bad about themselves. Studies show that because their perspectives aren't
appreciated, the kids of such parents are more likely to experience challenges with their self-esteem.
Permissive Parenting Style
Most of the time, permissive parents let their kids do whatever they want. These parents don't provide their
kids with a lot of advice. Their kids saw them as more like friends than family. They most likely don't have any
rules, or if they do, they're quite minimal. They allowed their kids to solve their own difficulties using their
own perspectives and expertise. They listen to their children's opinions and offer their own, but they don't
direct them; instead, they engage in two-way conversation. They are kind and nurturing, with only the barest of
requirements. Parents who are tolerant are kind parents. They are kind to their kids, and if they ask for
something, they just give it to them.
Uninvolved Parenting Style
These parents typically don't spend much time or effort taking care of their children's basic requirements since
they expect their kids to grow up quickly. It is not always deliberate because a parent's mental health issue may
prevent them from being able to provide for their child's requirements. Low self-esteem is more likely in
children whose parents have an uninvolved parenting style. They struggle academically and could experience
behavioural issues.
Authoritative Parenting Style
Parents that are in charge of their household treat their kids with respect and have clear expectations. The best
parenting approach for kids is thought to be this one. The two-way, regular, and appropriate to the child's level
of understanding communication. The demands are clear and a little bit high, yet parents provide the right
advice when it is required. Such parents devote a lot of time and effort to preventing behavioural issues. They
are fully informed of the techniques to employ while putting the positive behavioral habits into practise.
Children with strong parental role models are more likely to grow up to be responsible adults, according to
studies. Children raised by such parents are more likely to be able to handle difficult situations and make wise
decisions.
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Ineffective punishment has been connected to disruptive behavioural issues in children in a number of research
on parenting styles and behavioural issues that included mixed samples (i.e., both boys and girls). However,
these studies did not make a distinction between boys and girls. In other words, the research hasn't thoroughly
looked at how parenting styles affect kids' results in relation to their gender dyads. Children's gender has been
proven to play a significant effect in the development of behavioural issues and how kids react to parenting
techniques. Additionally, gender differences may play a part in internalising versus externalising issues.
Children's behaviour and the formation of their personalities are significantly influenced by the sociocultural
and economic structure of the family (Baumrind, 1991). Any ignorance on the part of parents could have
unintended negative consequences on children's development and ultimately lead to behavioural issues in kids.
According to Baumrind (1978), parenting is a composite activity that is the result of numerous specific
behaviours acting either jointly or singly to ultimately influence the behaviour of the child. Particular parenting
techniques, such as physical punishment, may have an impact on a child's development and ultimately lead to
behavioural issues in that child. The parenting style pattern is used to identify typical variances in parents'
attempts to discipline and socialise their kids (Baumrind, 1991). Baumrind (1967) divided parents into two
categories based on their parenting style.
As stated above, there is a connection between parenting style and behavioural issues in kids. Although
considerable research has been done on this factor, there haven't been enough studies done to date that link
Iran's parenting style to children's behavioural issues. Therefore, further research is required to determine the
connection between poor parenting practises and misbehaviour in kids. The association between the previously
mentioned variable is the main topic of the current investigation.
Literature Review
Samiullah Sarwar (2016) to see influence of Parenting Style on Children’s Behaviour. This study examined
how parenting practises and parenting style affect children's behaviour. The researcher's goal in this work is to
make an original contribution by pointing out gaps in the existing literature and making suggestions for future
studies on how parents influence their children's futures. There has been a lot of research on how parents
influence their kids' behaviour, but more in-depth studies are needed to examine how parents and different
parenting philosophies affect kids' behaviour. In-depth interviews with participants were conducted utilising a
qualitative paradigm, and Spending more time with the teenagers results in a reduction in their troublesome
behaviours. This study is based on scant information and only includes the experiences of two mothers.
Sunita, Dr. Chandrakala Singh and Jyoti Sihag (2022) to examine the effects of parenting style on
children's behavior. The research on how parenting practises in various cultures affect kids' behaviour issues.
The findings show that parenting practises have an impact on kids' behaviours. They draw the conclusion from
the literature review that the effect of parenting techniques may vary between societies.
shahla alizadeh, Mansor B Abu Talib ,Rohani Abdullah, Mariani (2011) to studied that relationship
between Parenting Style and Children’s Behavior Problems. the main goal of the current study is to look into
the connection between parenting practises and behavioural issues in kids. The Parent Authority Questioner
(PAQ) was used to evaluate parenting styles (authoritative, permissive, and authoritarian), and the Children's
Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) was used to evaluate children's behavioural issues (internalising and externalising
symptoms). Conclusion Less internalising and externalising symptoms in children have been closely linked to
authoritative parenting style with high responsiveness and high demands in parenting behaviour.
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Dr. Amrapali Mahadev Jogdand, Dr. Amruta Ashok Magar (2021)to studied Problem and Effectiveness of
Parenting Style on Children’s Behavior. In India, research on parenting practises and behavioural issues in
children has gotten minimal attention. The main goal of the current study is to look at the connection between
parenting practises and behavioural issues in kids. The Parent Authority Questioner (PAQ) was used to
evaluate parenting styles (authoritative, permissive, and authoritarian), and the Children's Behaviour Checklist
(CBCL) was used to evaluate children's behavioural issues (internalising and externalising symptoms).
Pellerin (2005) according to research in a study High schools were used as socialising negotiators in a study
that utilised Baumrind's authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive parenting style. The outcomes of this study
demonstrated that parenting and scholastic methods both had the same effects. As a result, authoritative
schools exhibited the best outcomes for disentanglement, while indifferent schools showed the poorest
outcomes for disentanglement and dropout.
Mr. Sachin Babbar, Dr. Charu Dhankar (2021) to studied the Relationship between Parenting Style and
Child’s Self concept.The findings showed that the authoritative parenting style and the self-concept are
positively correlated. The results showed a substantial inverse relationship between authoritarian parenting
style and self-concept. According to the study, self-concept and permissive parenting are significantly
negatively correlated.
According to Mattanah (2005) When compared to alternative parenting approaches, the authoritative
parenting style of parents has been associated with well-adjusted kids.
Discussion
The results of this study show that a child's level of behavioural issues is related to the parenting style used.
Beyond childhood and into adolescence, an authoritative parenting style continues to have a good impact on
children's development. Parents with an authoritative approach have responsive and demanding aspects. Their
kids are more academically successful in school and have fewer behavioural issues. There will be fewer
internalising and externalising symptoms when there is high demand and responsiveness between parent and
kid. Conversely, permissive parents are receptive but not strict. As a result, their offspring often develop into
reliant, unresponsive, passive individuals who lack social responsibility. Thus, it is anticipated that the
permissive parenting approach will be positively connected with internalizing.According to Sarwar(2016) good
parenting is authoritative in which parents keep eyes on their children and try to understand the mindset of their children.
Authoritarian parents tend to control and exercise more than enough power for the future development of their children.
The majority of the time, children of uninvolved parents struggle in almost every aspect of life. These kids frequently
show cognitive, attachment, emotional, and social skill deficiencies.Children raised by uninvolved parents may struggle
to build attachments later in life because of the absence of emotional receptivity and love from their carers. Children with
absent parents could :Due to the lack of family support, experience anxiety or stress,Move away from
others,apprehension of becoming reliant on others,have a higher chance of abusing drugs,Possess more misbehaviour
during adolescence and need to learn how to support themselves. According to Baumrind's thesis (1991; 1978; 1969),
parents who are authoritarian are not only demanding but also insensitive to the demands made by their kids. Since
parental power is significant, authoritarian parents typically utilise punishment, coercion, and harshness as methods of
displaying their authority. However, using corporal punishment on children might lead to problems such as adult
depression, suicide, or other issues that may appear in later stages of the child's life. The authoritarian parents who adopt
such practises can influence their children's behaviours and their social activities have failed because they lack warmth
and appear to use more punishment (Gallimore and Kurdek 1992). As a result, such a family will be prone to
misbehaviour and other psycho-social behaviour.The results of this study show that a child's level of behavioural issues
is related to the parenting style used. Beyond childhood and into adolescence, an authoritative parenting style continues
to have a good impact on children's development. Conceptually, parents with an authoritative approach have both
responsive and demanding aspects. Their kids have less behavioural issues as well as a high rate of intellectual success
in school. There will be fewer internalising and externalising symptoms when there is high demand and responsiveness
between parent and kid. Conversely, permissive parents are receptive but not strict. As a result, their offspring often
develop into dependent, passive, and unresponsive social beings who lack social responsibility. Consequently, it is
envisioned that the permissive parenting approach.
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Conclusion
The results of this study show that various parenting practises are connected to either low or high levels of
behavioural issues in children. We conclude from the literature review that parenting practises may have
different effects in different societies. In order to assist parents in choosing a certain parenting style that will
support them in overcoming behavioural difficulties in children, the review contends that it is imperative to
understand the parenting style and training of parents. Beyond childhood and into adolescence, an authoritative
parenting style continues to have a good impact on children's development. In contrast, permissive parents are
sensitive but not strict. As a result, their offspring frequently develop into reliant, unresponsive, passive, and
socially irresponsible individuals. Authoritarian parenting style children raised in this manner may exhibit
increased levels of violence as well as shyness, social awkwardness, and a lack of independence. For their own
children, they use the penalty. As a result, raising children in an environment that is excessively rigorous
might lead to behavioural issues.
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