MANAGEMENT OF ASSESSING THE COMPETITIVENESS OF DOMESTIC GOODS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE COMMERCIAL POLICY OF THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA

Abstract

The purpose of the research: elaboration of a new concept of management of assessing the competitiveness of domestic goods and indicators for quantifying goods’ competitiveness, in order to develop recommendations for improving the commercial policy of the Republic of Moldova. Objectives of the research: study and synthesis of the theoretical and methodological aspects of the management of the evaluation of the competitiveness of the goods in order to elaborate a new concept of the evaluation of the competitiveness of the domestic goods and the stages of its management; research and systematization of competitiveness factors used to assess the competitiveness of goods, in the context of identifying missing factors, in order to develop a new algorithm for assessing the competitiveness of goods, taking into account the maximum number of factors; studying and systematizing the methods of assessing the competitiveness of goods in order to develop a set of indicators that can be used to determine priority industries and goods with export potential; comparative analysis of the policies pursued by the main trade partners, in order to identify the most advantageous solutions for improving the commercial policy of the Republic of Moldova; SWOT analysis of commercial policy pursued by the Republic of Moldova with the aim of developing measures to improve this policy.

Full text

CONSORTIUM: NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH,
BOGDAN PETRICEICU HASDEU STATE UNIVERSITY OF CAHUL,
ALECU RUSO BALTI STATE UNIVERSITY AND MOLDOVA STATE
UNIVERSITY
DOCTORAL SCHOOL OF ECONOMIC AND DEMOGRAPHIC
SCIENCES
As a manuscript
C.Z.U.: 339.137.24 (478)
GUTIUM TATIANA
MANAGEMENT OF ASSESSING THE COMPETITIVENESS OF
DOMESTIC GOODS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE
COMMERCIAL POLICY OF THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA
Doctoral program: 521.03. ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT IN THE
FIELD OF ACTIVITY
Summary of the doctoral thesis
CHISINAU, 2021

2
The thesis was elaborated within the Analysis and Forecasts Section of the National Institute of
Economic Research
Scientific supervisor:
STRATAN Alexandru, corres. mem. of the ASM, doctor habilitat in economics, university
professor
Doctoral Committee:
PERCIUN Rodica, doctor habilitat in economics, research associate professor, NIER –
Chairman of Committee
TIMUS Angela, PhD, research associate professor, NIER, referent
DOGA-MARZAC Mariana, doctor habilitat in economics, associate professor, MSU, referent
CLICHICI Dorina, PhD, research associate professor, Institute of World Economy, NIER,
Romanian Academy, referent
CIOBANU Ghenadie, PhD, associate professor, ARTIFEX University, Bucharest, referent
STRATAN Alexandru, corres. mem. of the ASM, doctor habilitat in economics, university
professor, PhD supervisor
The thesis defence will take place on May 14, 2021 at 10:00 a.m. in the meeting of the
Commission for public defence of the doctoral thesis at the Moldova State University, address:
MD-2028, Chisinau, sos. Hancesti 55/4, multipurpose hall.
The doctoral thesis in economics and the summary can be consulted at the Republican
Technical-Scientific Library, on the website of the National Institute of Economic Research
(www.ince.md) and on the website of ANACEC (www.cnaa.md).
The summary was sent on April 12, 2021
Chairman of the Doctoral Committee,
doctor habilitat in economics, research associate professor PERCIUN Rodica
Scientific supervisor,
corres. mem. of the ASM, doctor habilitat in economics,
university professor STRATAN Alexandru
Author GUTIUM, Tatiana
© GUTIUM Tatiana, 2021

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CONTENTS
1. CONCEPTUAL REFERENCES OF THE RESEARCH .................................................... 4
2. SYNTHESIS OF CHAPTERS .............................................................................................. 8
3. GENERAL CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS .......................................... 24
4. BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................................... 28
5. LIST OF PUBLICATIONS TO THE THESIS .................................................................. 30
6. ANNOTATION ................................................................................................................... 33

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1. CONCEPTUAL REFERENCES OF THE RESEARCH
The actuality and relevance of the research theme. The strident changes in the economy
have created the prerequisites for the development of management of assessing the
competitiveness of goods, the introduction of which would provide an increase in competitiveness.
A competitive national economy producing competitive goods is the guarantor of the formation of
a sustainable society. The period of temporary economic isolation caused by the Covid-19
pandemic has affected the economies of all countries in the world. It is expected that after the
release from quarantine and the gradual recovery of all economic zones, competition in the global
market will intensify. Given that resources are limited and exhaustible, priority sectors need to be
identified when developing strategies. For this purpose, the competitiveness index can be used, as
competitiveness is one of the basic characteristics that allows the determination of the market
position.
Description of the situation in the research field and identification of the research
problems. The sharpening competition leads to an increase in the complexity of management
tasks, but the management of the competitiveness of goods as a science is at the formation stage,
and the management of assessing the competitiveness of goods has not been studied so far. In the
process of regulating the economy, state bodies develop strategies to promote policies in order to
ensure the sustainable development of the national economy. The relevant authorities of the
Republic of Moldova, when elaborating the mentioned strategies, emphasize the increase of the
competitiveness of the small business, and ignore the competitiveness of the goods. In addition,
the set of indicators used to assess competitiveness takes into account a small number of factors
affecting the competitiveness of goods. Another problem that has been elucidated in this research
is the lack of a concept of management of assessing the competitiveness of domestic goods based
on ex-ante analysis aimed at determining priority sectors, that would be producing goods with a
high degree of technicality and high added value.
Degree of study of the research theme. Scientific works of foreign and domestic scientists
do not offer us a broad and multifaceted vision of managing the competitiveness of goods.
Moreover, so far, no studies have been conducted whose research object would be the management
of assessing the competitiveness of domestic goods. Theoretical and practical aspects regarding
the management of goods competitiveness were approached in the works of the following foreign
scientists: R.Fathutdinov, N.Safiullyn, L.Safiullyn, I.Frolova, L.Pasechnikova, A.Strekalov,
A.Kolchin, M.Ovsyannikov, O.Rudenok, L.Rudneva, M.Galeliuk. The following national

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researchers have made valuable contributions to the study of competitiveness management in their
doctoral theses: Elena Condrea (The management of the agricultural sector’s competitiveness in
the context of food security in the Republic of Moldova), Cornel Coșer (Competitiveness
management of agri-food products within the context of export stimulation in the Republic of
Moldova).
The purpose of the research: elaboration of a new concept of management for the
evaluation of the competitiveness of domestic goods and indicators for quantifying the
competitiveness of goods, in order to develop recommendations for improving the commercial
policy of the Republic of Moldova. In order to achieve the proposed purpose, the following
research objectives have been defined:
➢ research of the theoretical and methodological concepts of the competitiveness of goods in
the context of finalizing the concept of „competitiveness of domestic goods” and a critical
analysis of methods for assessing the competitiveness of goods;
➢ study and synthesis of theoretical and methodological aspects of managing the assessment of
the competitiveness of goods in order to elaborate a new concept and stages of management
of assessing the competitiveness of domestic goods;
➢ diagnostics of the competitiveness of domestic goods in order to determine the goods with the
greatest comparative advantage;
➢ development and testing of an econometric model to assess the impact of foreign trade,
including exports, on economic growth;
➢ research and systematization of competitiveness factors used to assess the competitiveness of
goods, in the context of identifying missing factors, in order to develop a new algorithm for
assessing the competitiveness of goods, taking into account the maximum number of factors;
➢ study and systematization of methods for assessing the competitiveness of goods, in order to
develop a new set of indicators that can be used to determine priority sectors and export
potential of goods;
➢ comparative analysis of the policies pursued by the main trade partners in order to identify the
most advantageous solutions for improving the commercial policy of the RM;
➢ SWOT analysis of trade policy pursued by the Republic of Moldova in order to develop
measures to improve this policy.
Theoretical and methodological support of the thesis. Research of the following foreign
and domestic scientists was used as theoretical and methodological support for the development
of a new concept of management of assessing the competitiveness of goods: Henri Fayol, Georgy
Kleiner, Tanya Sammut-Bonnici, Henry Mintzberg, Cam Caldwell, Verl Anderson, Maria Gâf-

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Deac, Luciana Podaru, Raluca Mihălcioiu, Ioan Fotea, Igor Prisac, Silvia Fotea, Alexey Burov,
Mihail Glazov, Irina Firova, Ludmila Ruzhanskaya, Irina Kotlyarevskaya, Grigore Belostecinic,
Ala Cotelnic, Alexandru Stratan, Rodica Perciun, Maria Oleiniuc, Andrei Cojuhari, Vasile
Mamaliga, Sergiu Serduni, Elena Condrea, Cornel Coșer, etc.
The methodology of scientific research. The following methods have been used in this
study: abstraction, the method of ascending from the abstract to the concrete, comparison,
measurement, analysis and synthesis, economic and mathematical modelling. To identify priority
sectors, the author used the developed indices to assess the competitiveness of goods on the
external and domestic markets. Using the Grubel-Lloyd index, the changes in the structure of
exports and imports were studied, and goods were identified whose share of intra-industry trade
significantly differs from the inter-industry one. The study used a set of indicators, such as the
Michaely index, Lafay index, etc.
The important scientific problem solved: substantiation of a new concept of management
for assessing the competitiveness of domestic goods, which aims to determine priority sectors,
producing goods with a high degree of technicality and high added value, and goods with export
potential, in the context of restructuring the national economy.
Scientific novelty and originality:
1. Elaboration of a new concept of management of assessing the competitiveness of domestic
goods;
2. Development of a new approach to the concept of “competitiveness of domestic goods” in the
context of eliminating gaps in existing approaches;
3. Identification of a new group of factors influencing the competitiveness of domestic goods,
and its inclusion in the newly created classifier;
4. Substantiation and elaboration of an integral index of the competitiveness of domestic goods,
taking into account the new identified factors;
5. Argumentation and development of a new approach to assessing the competitiveness of goods
that allows the quantification of the qualitative factor;
6. Elaboration a new set of indicators that can be used to identify priority sectors and export
potential of domestic goods;
7. Development of recommendations aimed at improving the commercial policy of the Republic
of Moldova and ensuring an increase in the competitiveness of domestic goods.
Theoretical value of the thesis consists in the systematization of conceptual approaches
regarding the essence of the competitiveness of domestic goods and management of assessing the
competitiveness of domestic goods; classification of factors affecting the competitiveness of

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domestic goods, including new identified factors; theoretical and methodological substantiation of
the quantitative assessment of the qualitative factor in calculating the competitiveness of domestic
goods; theoretical and methodological substantiation of new algorithms for calculating the
competitiveness of domestic goods: the algorithm for calculating the integral index of
competitiveness and the algorithm for calculating the composite index of comparative advantages.
The applicability value is that general goal, specific objectives and measures are
developed, which are recommended to be included in state strategies and programs to export
promotion, increase competitiveness, and impact indicators are proposed to set targets for
achieving the objectives, and indicators to monitor the achievement of goals. Also, the research
results can be used to improve the trade policy pursued by the Republic of Moldova. This study
can serve as a tool for economists to assess the competitiveness of goods, identify the strengths
and weaknesses of the offered goods in the context of developing measures to improve
competitiveness, which would increase the profitability of entrepreneurship. The application of
the developed indicators would allow the relevant state bodies (Ministry of Economy and
Infrastructure) to identify priority sectors, the development of which would ensure the export
promotion and the sustainable economic growth of the Republic of Moldova.
Approval of results. The research results have been reflected in 37 scientific publications
(21.08 author's sheets), of which 26 (15.62 a.s.) were published in the period 2015-2020 in journals
registered in international databases and in materials of foreign and national conferences
(registered by the National Council for Accreditation and Attestation). From the mentioned
scientific works, 3 articles were published in international collections indexed in Scopus database.
The implementation of the scientific results was carried out within the international GIZ
project “Report on impact assessment of the National Strategy for Investments Attraction and
Exports Promotion”, carried out at the request of the Ministry of Economy and Infrastructure of
the Republic of Moldova. In addition, the research results were accepted for implementation by
the furniture factory TANDEM, the Employers' Association “Union of Transporters and Roads”,
the Association of Shippers and Customs Brokers of the Republic of Moldova “AEM-TRANS”
and S.R.L. VICREMTRAL.
The structure and content of the thesis. Taking into account the purpose and objectives
of the study and requirements for scientific papers, the structure of the thesis was determined,
which contains an introduction, three chapters, general conclusions and recommendations, a
bibliography of 188 titles, 16 annexes, 129 pages of basic text, 28 tables and 45 figures.
Keywords: competitiveness, domestic goods, management of assessing, integral index,
commercial policy.

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2. SYNTHESIS OF CHAPTERS
The chapter 1 „Theoretical and methodological aspects of competitiveness and
management of competitiveness of goods” provides the theoretical approach of the concept of
competitiveness of goods and management of competitiveness of goods. The synthesis of the
definition of “competitiveness of goods” approached in the specialized literature and the synthesis
of the factors influencing the competitiveness of domestic goods is performed, in order to
determine the missing factors. The analysis of the literature allows us to conclude that the sets of
competitiveness factors presented by most economists don’t include psychological factors,
therefore, the inclusion of this group of factors in studying the competitiveness of goods is one of
the objectives of this paper. In addition, the conceptual delimitations of the theories related to
competitiveness and their relationship with commercial policy are described (Table 1).
Table 1. Conceptual delimitations of modern theories related to competitiveness
Author
Conceptual delimitations
Factors / indicators
used to estimate
competitiveness
Economic effects
Relationship
between theory and
commercial policy
Hans Martin
Staffan
Burenstam
Linder
(1931-2000)
According to similarity
theory: “necessary conditions
for obtaining the comparative
advantage in the production
of a good are: domestic
market demand for the given
good and the similarity of the
demand structure” [6, p. 17].
Consumer preference,
the domestic demand
for goods: “a particular
good won't be produced
at a comparative
advantage unless there
is an internal market for
it” [6, p. 90].
A specialization in
producing high
quality goods. An
increase of
production and
export of goods.
As stated by this
theory, a protectionist
trade policy is
relevant to a
developing country,
and free trade - to a
developed country [6,
p. 81].
Michael
Vivian Posner
(1931-2006)
In line with the Technological
Gap Model: “the comparative
advantage is caused by the
distinction between
technological processes,
between new and old goods,
the distribution of
investments” [8, p. 341].
“A quota of innovation
embodied in a product”,
„expenditure on
innovation-generating
research, i.e. the rate of
investment” [8, p. 339].
Economic growth.
Applying the theory
will be more effective
under the following
conditions: “zero
tariffs, zero barriers”
[8, p. 326].
John Harry
Dunning
(1927-2009)
The OLI paradigm explains
competitive positions in
foreign direct investment
flows and the economic
rationale of international
production.
Ownership (O),
Location (L),
Internalization (I).
Enterprises enter
on the external
markets through
foreign direct
investment.
As claimed by this
theory, protectionism
promotes the
substitution of
imports using foreign
investment [5, p.
177].
Michael
Eugene Porter
(born in 1947)
The theory of competitive
advantage reflects the
determinants of the
competitive advantage of the
nation in terms of the
advantages of the domestic
enterprises [7].
“Determinants of
National Competitive
Advantage: factor
conditions; demand
conditions; related and
supporting industries;
firm strategy, structure
and rivalry” [7, p. 82-
83].
Increasing
production
volume in export-
oriented branches,
economic growth
and welfare
growth.
The purpose of trade
policy is to create
open markets in all
branches where the
country has a
competitive
advantage [7, p. 89].
Source: systematized by the author.

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All of the described theories, except Linder and Porter's one, have explained international
trade, country specialization, comparative and competitive advantages, basing on the specifics of
the supply. The country similarity theory and Porter's Diamond are some of the few demand-based
theories. Therefore, economic science feels lack of theories of international trade related to
competitiveness, which are based on demand.
The world economy is developing dynamically; the economic relations between
enterprises, countries are becoming more and more complex. Rapid changes in the business
environment, worldwide, contribute to the emergence of new approaches, types and methods of
management. The management of the competitiveness of goods as a science is in its infancy. The
subject of research in most scientific works on management of competitiveness is not a good, but
are an enterprise and an organization. In fact, there is relatively little research on management of
competitiveness of goods, and management of assessing the competitiveness of goods has not yet
been studied.
I. Frolova and L. Pasechnikova substantiated the following point of view in their published
articles: „the goal of increasing competitiveness can be achieved only by observing the macro and
micro levels of management, but the main one still remains the micro level, namely: enterprise /
organization” [20, p. 487]. M. Galeliuk considers that „the competitiveness of an enterprise and
the competitiveness of goods are component parts of an integral system, and the management of
competitiveness is not a separate field of knowledge, but a function of management” [15, p. 15].
A.Strekalov, A.Kolchin, M.Ovsyannikov have developed a system of competitiveness
management, which ensures the regulation of the production process of competitive goods, and
includes: resource allocation management; creating an organizational and production structure;
evaluation and optimization of cost and time required for the manufacture of goods [18, p. 8].
R. Fathutdinov states that „managing the competitiveness of goods is a set of regulatory
decisions regarding quality, price, services, as well as brand image formation aimed at achieving
sustainable competitive advantages” [19]. N. Safiullin and L. Safiullin in the study
„Competitiveness: Theory and Methodology” defined the management of competitiveness through
the prism of goods as an activity in managing the economic and production system, aimed at
optimally modifying the factors of competitiveness of goods to achieve the goal in conditions of
influence of the business environment [17]. Management's objectives regarding the
competitiveness of goods can be divided into:
➢ objectives that can be achieved through the efficient use of the factors of production (fixed
assets, human resources, etc.), technological modernization of production and cost
minimization;

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➢ objectives related to the efficient management of the working capital, the capacity of the
enterprise to pay its debts, the assurance of the sustainable development of the enterprise;
➢ objectives for the promotion and realization of goods on the market;
➢ objectives related to ensuring a certain level of competitiveness of the goods, in particular a
certain level of quality and/or price.
O. Rudenok and L. Rudneva have elaborated a monograph in which they examined the
management of the competitiveness of goods based on the methods of assessing and managing the
competitiveness of goods proposed by them from the point of view of the strategic capabilities of
the enterprise [16]. Therefore, some scientists define the management of the competitiveness of
goods through the prism of enterprises, while others approach the management of the
competitiveness of the enterprise through the prism of goods.
In addition, 1 Chapter describes methodologies for assessing the competitiveness of goods
applied in global practice. None of the existing methods is universal and cannot be used to achieve
all objectives, as each method has its advantages and disadvantages (subjectivity; conventionality;
difficulty of assessment; analysed goods couldn't be comparison with similar products made by
competitors or imported due to lack of information; etc.).
The choice of a method for assessing the competitiveness of goods depends on the purpose
of the study, the availability of information necessary to perform calculations. The chosen method
should take into account the characteristics of the product and be adapted to the new conditions of
development of the national economy. In order to increase the veracity, correctness, accuracy of
the results obtained, the researcher needs to apply several methods for assessing the
competitiveness of goods, but not be limited by one.
In Chapter 2 „Assessing the competitiveness of domestic goods in terms of commercial
policy”, a comparative analysis of commercial policies pursued by the main trade partners is
carried out and the regulation of commercial policy with third countries by the European Union is
elucidated (Table 2). An analysis of the dynamics of exports by country in 1997-2019 shows that
in 1997-2007 and 2009-2013 the main trade partner of the Republic of Moldova was the Russian
Federation, and in 2008 and 2014-2019 it already became Romania. In the period 1997-2019,
Russian Federation (1997-1999, 2010-2013), Ukraine (2001-2009) and Romania (2000, 2014-
2019) topped the list of major import partner countries. Therefore, it is logical to expand the list
of main trade partners, whose experience in commercial policy should be studied. In addition to
Romania and the Russian Federation's trade policy, Ukraine's one will be researched. Furthermore,
Romania is a member of the EU, the Russian Federation is a member of the Eurasian Economic

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Union, and Ukraine, like Moldova, has signed an Association Agreement with the European
Union.
Table 2. Regulation of the European Union commercial policy with third countries
Regulations
Distinctive features
Recent changes
Date
„Council Regulation (EEC)
No 2658/87 of 23 July 1987
on the tariff and statistical
nomenclature and on the
Common Customs Tariff”
[9]
1. A unified product coding system
has been introduced;
2. Contains customs duties;
3. Does not contain national taxes
(VAT, etc.).
„Commission Implementing
Regulation (EU) 2018/396 of 13
March 2018 amending Annex I
to Council Regulation (EEC) No
2658/87 on TSN and CCT” [10].
„Commission Implementing
Regulation (EU) 2018/507 of 26
March 2018 amending Annex I
to Council Regulation (EEC) No
2658/87 on TSN and CCT” [11].
Septem-
ber 10,
1987
„Regulation (EU) No
978/2012 of the European
Parliament and of the
Council of 25 October 2012
applying a scheme of
generalised tariff
preferences and repealing
Council Regulation (EC)
No 732/2008” [14]
In the case of the GSP,
approximately ⅔ of import duties
were reduced for low-income
developing countries.
In the case of GSP +, more than ⅔
of import customs duties have been
eliminated for low-income countries
that meet two criteria (vulnerability
and sustainable development).
In the case of the EBA, import duties
and quotas on all goods except
weapons are abolished for
underdeveloped countries.
„Commission Delegated
Regulation (EU) 2020/128 of 25
November 2019 amending
Annex II to Regulation (EU) No
978/2012 of the European
Parliament and of the Council
applying a scheme of
generalised tariff preferences”
[12].
January
1, 2014
„Regulation (EU) 2019/287
implementing bilateral
safeguard clauses and
other mechanisms allowing
for the temporary
withdrawal of preferences
in certain trade agreements
concluded between the EU
and third countries” [13]
It is used to protect domestic
producers of certain sensitive goods.
It applies to goods that are imported
in such large quantities that they
harm domestic producers.
–
March
14,
2019
Source: systematized by the author.
The promotion of a common commercial policy brings benefits to the EU member states,
including Romania: Romanian producers are protected from unfair competition from producers
and importers from third countries thanks to the entry into force of Regulation (EU) 2019/287; the
trade power of the Union, which includes 28 countries, is much higher than in the case of a single
state, thus, each participant wins; investors in each Member State have the same rights, obligations
and conditions for the allocation of investments; the increasing of the export of Romanian goods,
the expansion of sales markets to third countries.
In addition to strengths and opportunities, weaknesses and threats were identified: the trade
deficit is growing; the national economy is vulnerable to natural cataclysms; Romania's foreign
trade is aimed at the European space, but the risk of some states leaving the European Union
remains.

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The commercial policy pursued by the Russian Federation had the following strengths: the
volume of exports of goods produced in the Russian Federation increased, and the geographical
area of export expanded; the import substitution policy has led to a decrease in the share of exports
of mineral fuels and an increase in the share of exports of agri-food products and chemicals. The
most significant weakness of the commercial policy pursued by the Russian Federation is the fact
that despite the trade promotion policy, and although the share of fuel exports is declining, this
share is still high.
The strengths of the commercial policy pursued by Ukraine are: trade liberalization with
EU countries; growing the volume of production and exports of agri-food products, so Ukraine's
food security has increased. The weakness are the following: decreasing the volume of foreign
trade; the increase in the physical volume of exports is not stable, the periods of decrease are longer
compared to the periods of increase; the share of exports in GDP decreases; increasing the trade
deficit and the share of the trade deficit in GDP; diminishing the export quota of goods with a high
added value, such as: machinery, equipment, means of transport; growing the volume of export of
unprocessed goods.
Generalizing the results obtained, we conclude that the commercial policy pursued by
Ukraine has the most weaknesses compared to Romania and the Russian Federation. The trade
policy pursued by Romania has both strengths and weaknesses, and the number of strengths
prevails over the number of weaknesses. An accurate analysis of the effectiveness of commercial
policy pursued by the Russian Federation is impossible due to the short time elapsed since the start
of implementation the National Project “International Cooperation and Export”. Theoretically, the
full implementation this Project would mainly bring benefits to the economy of the Russian
Federation.
The commercial policy of any state is part of the country's economic policy, it reflects both
the general line of the state in international relations and specific relations with a particular
country. The main goal of trade policy is to create external and internal favourable conditions for
sustainable economic growth of the national economy, therefore, the study of the implementation
of the commercial policy of the Republic of Moldova is relevant. The results of the analysis of
three trade agreements signed by the Republic of Moldova: the first - with the Commonwealth of
Independent States (CIS), the second - with the European Union and the European Atomic Energy
Community, the third - with Turkey, are presented in Table 3.
An analysis of the goods from Annex XV-A of the Association Agreement with the EU on
annual tax breaks shows that the exempt volume is less than the export potential, even if the goods
are mainly exported to the CIS market. Therefore, the withdrawal from the eastern market is not

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reasonable to the Republic of Moldova in pursuing the purpose of promoting the export of these
goods.
Table 3. Analysis of three Trade Agreements signed by the Republic of Moldova
Agreements
Distinctive features
Results
Signing date
„Agreement
on the Trade
Area”
„The facilitation of regional trade
between RM and the CIS countries by
maintaining the zero customs tax for
over 10 thousand groups of goods,
reducing and gradually cancelling
taxes for products that represent an
exception from the free trade regime
and non-enforcing the new restrictions
in trade” [3].
Changes in trade between Moldova and
the CIS during 2011-2012 (situation in
2012 compared to 2011):
Trade deficit decreased by 12.4%;
Moldova's exports to the CIS and imports
to Moldova from the CIS countries of
both unprocessed and processed goods
had increased.
October
18, 2011
„Association
Agreement
between the
European
Union and the
European
Atomic
Energy
Community
and their
Member
States, of the
one part, and
the Republic
of Moldova,
of the other
part”
Moldova undertakes to „eliminate all
customs duties on goods originating in
the EU, except for goods in Annex
XV-D, in this case the duties will be
eliminated in 3, 4, 5, 6, 10 stages”
(finally, the duties will be eliminated
for all goods). Meanwhile, the EU will
not eliminate taxes on all goods:
„Goods of Annex XV-A will be
imported from Moldova to the EU
without customs duties within the
established tariff quotas; the goods
listed in Annex XV-B are subject to
EU import duty, excluding the ad
valorem component of the import
duty; imports of products from
Moldova listed in Appendix XV-C are
quota” [1].
Changes in trade between Moldova and
the EU during 2014-2019 (situation in
2019 compared to 2014):
Moldova's exports of unprocessed goods
to the EU increased: vegetables – 5.9
times, oil seeds and oleaginous fruits – 2.1
times, milk, poultry eggs, natural honey –
by 22.1%, etc.;
Moldova's exports of processed goods to
the EU decreased: sugar and sugar
products – by 39.8%, knitted clothes – by
25.9%, etc.;
Imports of processed goods to Moldova
from the EU increased: foodstuffs,
alcoholic beverages, non-alcoholic,
vinegar, tobacco – by 45.2%, electrical
machinery and appliances – 40.9%,
footwear – by 33.4%, etc.
June 27,
2014
„Free Trade
Agreement
between the
Republic of
Moldova and
the Republic
of Turkey”
„For goods originating in Turkey
(Annex II) Moldova will grant
favourable tariff conditions, similar to
those granted to products originating
in the EU” (article 23 (4)) [2]. The
Agreement does not mention that
Moldovan goods will obtain
preferences similar to those granted to
products originating in the EU.
Changes in trade between Moldova and
Turkey during 2014-2019 (situation in
2019 compared to 2014):
Trade deficit increased by 14.7%;
Exports from Moldova to Turkey of
unprocessed goods increased: meat and
edible organs – 2.9 times; cereals – 2.1
times; etc.;
Moldova's exports of processed goods to
Turkey decreased: glass and glassware –
by 88.9%; etc.;
Imports of processed goods to Moldova
from Turkey increased: footwear - by 2.3
times; electrical machinery and
appliances - 71.0%; glass and glassware -
by 52.9%; textiles and articles thereof - by
46.2%; etc.
September
11, 2014
Source: elaborated by the author.
At the same time, chapter 2 provides a SWOT analysis of commercial policy pursued by
the Republic of Moldova (Table 4), develops and tests an econometric model to assess the impact
of foreign trade on economic growth, in special impact of exports, examines the impact of tariffs
of energy resources on the competitiveness of domestic goods. In this section, diagnostics of the
competitiveness of domestic goods is carried out in order to determine the goods that have the

14
greatest comparative advantage. In this chapter, diagnostics of the competitiveness of domestic
goods is carried out in order to determine the goods that have the greatest comparative advantage.
Table 4. SWOT analysis of commercial policy pursued by the Republic of Moldova
Strengths
Weaknesses
Continuous improvement of the legal framework governing
to pursue the commercial policy.
Development and implementation of export promotion
strategies (SNAIPE 2016-2020 etc.).
Signing of agreements (DCFTA, Association Agreement,
etc.), which ensured access of domestic goods to the EU
market (the physical volume of goods exported to the EU
countries increased by an average of 11% annually, 2014-
2019).
Not all of domestic goods meet European quality
standards and are competitiveness, so they cannot
take advantage of access to the EU market.
Exports of lohn products and unprocessed goods
have been increased.
Low degree of export diversification.
According to signed agreements, the Republic of
Moldova did not obtain fully identical facilities
(Table 3).
Opportunities
Threats
Creating the premises for the development of digitization of
documentation and customs clearance of export and import
transactions.
Penetration of new markets.
Opportunities for the promotion of ecological goods.
Access to the European market, where the requirements for
goods are high, would be served as an impetus for the
domestic producer to increase the quality and
competitiveness of goods.
The restrictions caused by the COVID-19
pandemic would be prolonged, which will create
impediments to the development of foreign trade.
The competitiveness of domestic goods on the
foreign market will decrease due to the
acceleration of scientific and technological
progress in foreign countries.
The emergence of unfair competition in some
markets.
Source: elaborated by the author.
The results of the diagnostics of the competitiveness of domestic goods and the SWOT
analysis of commercial policy pursued by the Republic of Moldova demonstrate the need to
develop proposals to improve commercial policy and reduce production costs, including energy
costs, in the context of increasing competitiveness of domestic goods.
Foreign trade, economic growth and competitiveness are interdependent. On the one hand,
an increase in net exports (one of the determinants of GDP) inevitably will lead to economic
growth, other conditions being equal, on the other hand, the level of economic growth determines
the commercial policy, which will be promoted. Emerging and transition economies focus on
promoting the export of goods which that have comparative advantages, while in developed
countries, the driving forces of foreign trade are technical and scientific progress, innovation, and
these countries export high-tech products and innovative goods.
The multifactorial regression model PIB=f(X,M,FC,GFCF,D11,AR(1)) (equation 1) shows
that the elasticity of GDP in relation to the change in exports is 0.284. Therefore, the increase of
exports by 1 percentage point ensures the growth of real GDP by about 0.284 percentage points,
and the increase of imports by 1 percentage point leads to the reduction of the GDP growth rate
by 0.159 percentage points.
( )
1475,011613,6143,0344,0159,0284,064,0 ARDGFCFFCMXPIB −−++−+=
(1)
where: PIB – real GDP growth rate, %;

15
X – growth rate for exports, %;
M – growth rate for imports, %;
FC – growth rate for Final Consumption, %;
GFCF – growth rate for Gross Fixed Capital Formation, %;
AR – a first-order autoregressive;
D11 – the dummy variable for 2011 (takes the value 0 every year, except for 2011; this
year the dummy variable takes the value 1).
The increase in exports ensures an increase of foreign currency flow in the country, which,
accordingly, leads to an increase in household consumption. If the supply of domestic goods does
not cover the demand of the population and does not satisfy the consumer's preferences, it will
lead to an increase in imports (the case of the Republic of Moldova). An increase in the
competitiveness of domestic goods on the foreign market has a direct impact on export growth,
and an increase in the competitiveness of domestic goods on the internal market leads to a decrease
in imports. Consequently, an increase in the competitiveness of goods on both markets will
inevitably lead to the economic growth of the Republic of Moldova.
According to the Lafay Index, in the division of commodity groups, the most competitive
are: electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances, n.e.s., and electrical parts thereof (including
nonelectrical counterparts, n.e.s., of electrical household-type equipment); oil seeds and
oleaginous fruits; vegetables and fruits; cereals and cereal preparations (Table 5).
Table 5. The top competitive goods groups in 2019 according to the Lafay index, %
Groups of goods (SITC, Rev. 4)
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
Electrical machinery, apparatus and
appliances, and parts thereof
0,51
1,15
1,49
1,91
2,37
2,46
3,29
5,08
5,64
Oil seeds and oleaginous fruits
3,31
1,78
2,77
2,62
3,73
4,12
4,16
3,57
3,86
Vegetables and fruits
4,24
4,35
4,15
3,93
4,41
3,45
4,51
3,12
3,38
Cereals and cereal preparations
1,00
0,33
1,80
3,05
2,25
3,12
3,05
3,30
3,32
Articles of apparel and clothing
accessories
4,56
4,12
3,74
4,25
4,29
4,21
3,91
3,90
3,31
Beverages
3,04
3,58
3,82
3,02
3,04
2,90
2,84
2,68
2,61
Furniture and parts thereof
1,02
1,18
1,31
1,50
1,73
2,20
2,03
2,13
1,84
Fixed vegetable fats and oils, crude,
refined or fractionated
1,41
1,62
0,66
1,33
1,55
1,10
0,88
1,02
1,05
Metalliferous ores and metal scrap
1,23
0,58
0,96
0,47
0,39
0,23
0,26
0,25
0,24
Sugars, sugar preparations and honey
0,11
0,47
0,30
1,05
0,93
0,86
0,42
0,36
0,21
Source: elaborated by the author based on the data of the National Bureau of Statistics of the Republic of Moldova
[4].
Therefore, most of the goods, which have high comparative advantages, are lohn products
and unprocessed goods. It is impossible to ensure sustainable growth of the national economy on
the basis of these categories of goods. Continuing this commercial policy will not reduce the trade
deficit.

16
In order to determine the priority directions for increasing the export potential of the
Republic of Moldova and the branches of specialization, it is necessary to develop other indicators
for assessing the competitiveness of domestic goods, which would take a wider range of factors
influencing competitiveness into account.
Chapter 3 „Directions for improving the assessment of competitiveness of goods in
the context of national commercial policy” includes the development of a new concept of
management of assessment of competitiveness of domestic goods, stages of managing the
competitiveness of goods (Figure 1) and stages of managing the assessment of competitiveness of
goods (Figure 2).
Does Are
No the level of No there Yes
competitiveness significant
match the changes in the
target? market?
Are
there No
opportunities to
increase compe-
titiveness?
Yes
Yes Has the Yes
competitiveness
of offered goods
changed?
No
Fig. 1. Stages of managing the competitiveness of domestic goods
Source: elaborated by the author.
Establishing the main goals of regulating the competitiveness of goods
Setting the target level of competitiveness of goods
Determining and estimating the factors influencing competitiveness
Choice and application of competitiveness management methods
Collecting and processing data on competitiveness
Assessment of the competitiveness of the offered goods
Comparative analysis of the competitiveness of the offered goods and the target level
Promoting the good on the target market
Withdrawal of goods from the market
Elaboration and implementation of strategies
to increase the competitiveness of goods
Monitoring the competitiveness
of goods and the market
Applying the tools to increase the
competitiveness of goods

17
The management of assessing the competitiveness of goods, as a management system,
represents a chain of actions, the realization of which ensures, step by step, the increase of the
competitiveness of the manufactured goods. In general, all stages of management of assessing the
competitiveness of goods can be divided into two groups: associated with the analysis and
assessment of competitiveness; and development of measures to increase the competitiveness of
goods, monitoring (Figure 2).
Fig. 2. Stages of managing the assessment of competitiveness of goods
Source: elaborated by the author.
Setting goals for assessing the competitiveness of goods, collecting and processing data, appointing
responsible persons
during the stage:
Product launch
Realization
The use
Development of a plan for the systematic assessment of the competitiveness of goods
Calculation of the integral index of the competitiveness of goods
Development of proposals, measures and strategies to increase competitiveness
Evaluating the cost and efficiency of the implementation of developed proposals, measures and strategies
Analysis of the
quality of after-
sales services
Study of trends of
needs and
preferences of
buyers
Formation of pro-
duct requirements
and elaboration of
normative&
technical
documentation
Production
Analysis of the
conformity of the
level of product
quality to the requi-
rements of norma-
tive& technical
documentation
Market capacity
study
Market segmen-
tation analysis
Analysis of the
competitive
positions of others
Establishment of parameters and indicators of the product associated with the stages of the product life
cycle for their subsequent evaluation
Analysis of the
quality of repair
of goods
Comparative analysis of the competitiveness of domestic goods and analogue import goods
Determining the necessary resources (time, experience, equipment, etc.) and available resources to assess
the competitiveness of goods
Monitoring the dynamics of goods' competitiveness

18
In addition to the above, in Chapter 3 new approaches to assessing the competitiveness of
goods are argued and developed, allowing to quantify the qualitative factor; a new set of indicators
has been developed, including an integral index of competitiveness of goods and a composite index
of the comparative advantage of competitiveness of domestic goods.
The author considers that the factors of competitiveness of goods can be divided into the
following groups: price, quality, after-sales service, marketing elements, psychological factors
(Table 6). The rating of these factors depends on the welfare level of the population, the
expectations regarding the sustainable development of the economy, the preferences, traditions,
etc. “Psychological Factors” is the fifth pillar of competitiveness of goods. This pillar as a factor
of the competitiveness of goods is neither described nor included in the classifications developed
by the specialists in the given field. One of the components of this group of factors is “the
preference to buy the domestic goods”. Last one is manifested not only in relation to the nation,
language, culture, but also in loyalty to domestic goods, in order to support the native producer.
Table 6. Classifier of factors which influence the competitiveness of goods
Factors
Components
Price
Producer price, wholesale price, retail price
Quality
Technical and economic parameters, ecological compatibility, design
After-sales service
Availability of spare parts and repair shops
Marketing
elements
Brand, the effectiveness of advertising, the ability to buy goods through modern means of
communication (Internet, mobile telephony), the energy efficiency label (for electrical
appliances), manufacturer’s reputation
Psychological
factors
Commodity patriotism (the preference to buy the domestic goods), ostentatious
consumption, purchasing hand-made goods
Source: elaborated by the author.
For determining the directions of specialization and the set of goods that need to be
promoted on the foreign market, the author proposes the following integral index of the
competitiveness of domestic goods on the foreign market:
t
x
f
x
e
x
s
x
q
x
p
ex
cGCbCbCbCb
C
b
I+++++= 5432
1
, (2)
m
x
x
f
m
x
x
e
m
x
x
s
m
x
x
q
m
x
x
pf
f
C
e
e
C
s
s
C
q
q
C
p
p
C===== ;;;;
, (3)
where:
x
f
x
e
x
s
x
q
x
pCCCCC ,,,,
– competitiveness of the exported goods, in relation to the imported
goods, by price (p), by the quality of the goods (q), by after-sales service (s), by
marketing elements (e), by psychological factors (f);
Gt – the degree of technological intensity of the manufacture of the analysed goods;
px, qx, sx, ex, fx – indicators of the exported goods.

19
The degree of technological intensity of the manufacture of the goods can be determined
using the Expert Judgment method. In the case of the limited time and human resources required
to evaluate this indicator, the author proposes to use the following method. The products can be
divided according to the processing level into: unprocessed primary products; semi-processed
products; processed products; high-tech products. Each product group can be given the following
score (Table 7)
Table 7. Estimation of the degree of technological intensity of the manufacture of the goods
Type of goods
Gt
Unprocessed primary products (cereals, fruits, fresh vegetables, raw hides, agricultural wool, etc.)
0,5
Semi-processed products (flour, vegetable oils, refined sugar, tanned hides and skins, woolen yarn, etc.)
1,0
Processed products (cheese, cheese, wine, canned meat, juices, stockings, clothing, etc.)
1,5
High-tech products (means of transport, equipment, electronic products, etc.)
2,0
Source: elaborated by the author.
The author used the developed integral index, took into account the available resources,
human potential, competitiveness factors (price, degree of technological intensity of the
manufacture of the goods), and based on the calculations made conclusion that the priority sectors
that need to be developed are food industry and the manufacture of:
➢ pumps for liquids, whether or not fitted with a measuring device; liquid elevators (2.09 in 2019);
➢ organic composite solvents and thinners, not elsewhere specified or included; prepared paint or
varnish removers (1.97 in 2019);
➢ pumps (other than pumps for liquids), air or other gas compressors and fans; ventilating or
recycling hoods incorporating a fan, whether or not fitted with filters (1.92 in 2019);
➢ furniture and parts thereof; bedding, mattresses, cushions and similar stuffed furnishings (1,67);
➢ essential oils (terpeneless or not), including concretes and absolutes; resinoids; concentrates of
essential oils in fats, in fixed oils, in waxes or the like, obtained by enfleurage of maceration;
terpenic by-products of the deterpenation of essential oils (1.45);
➢ women's or girls' suits, ensembles, jackets, blazers, dresses, skirts, divided skirts, trousers, bib
and brace overalls, breeches and shorts (1.40);
➢ disinfectants and similar products, put up in forms or packings for retail sale or as preparations
or articles (1.37);
➢ tarpaulins, awnings and sun-blinds; tents; sails for boats, sailboards or landcraft; camping goods
(1.34);
➢ soap; organic surface-active products and preparations for use as soap, in the form of bars,
cakes, moulded pieces or shapes, whether or not containing soap (1.27);
➢ kid's outdoor clothing (1.08); and so on.

20
To assess the competitiveness of domestic goods both on the external and domestic
markets, the author proposes to use the following composite index of the comparative advantage
of domestic goods:
iii IabIebIcc += 21
(4)
1
21 =+ bb
(5)
where: Icci – the composite index of the comparative advantage of a domestic good i on the foreign
and domestic markets, %;
Iei – index of the comparative advantage of a domestic good i on the foreign market, %;
Iai – index of the comparative advantage of a domestic good i on the domestic market, %;
b1, b2 – significance ratios of comparative advantage indices in the composite index.
In the case of the composite index of the comparative advantage of the domestic good i on
the internal and external market, the positive value indicates a comparative advantage for the good
i, and the negative value – a comparative disadvantage. This index is recommended for use in
determining priority sectors, the development of which would ensure both an increase in exports
and growth of the national economy. Taking into account the experience of scientists in the field,
another proposal of the author is to develop an alternative indicator, which takes into account the
specifics of the Republic of Moldova, namely, the tendency to maintain a significant share of re-
export. The formula for calculating the specified index is shown below:
%100
1
1

+
−
=
A
A
i
A
A
i
A
i
XMCR
XMCR
XMCR
XMCR
RSCAF
, (6)
where:
A
i
RSCAF
– index of revealed symmetric comparative advantage on foreign market of the
good (group of goods, sector) i, country of origin A, %;
A
i
XMCR
– export/import coverage ratio (excluding re-exports and re-imports) of the good
(group of goods, sector) i, country of origin A;
A
XMCR
– export/import coverage ratio (excluding re-exports and re-imports) of country A.
The advantage of the indicator proposed by the author is that it overcomes most of the
shortcomings and has the following characteristics: it is simple and easy to apply, because data on
foreign trade are available; it takes into account both re-export and re-import; it is a symmetrical
index, the value of which varies around the average value; the average of the values of this index
is stable in time and space, in addition, the index is perfectly comparable; it is not influenced by

21
the used classifier of goods; takes into account the peculiarities of the foreign trade of the Republic
of Moldova.
This index will be applied by the author to calculate the first component of the composite
index (equation 4). In the context of the elaboration of the second component of the composite
index, the author adapted Leontief's input-output model (Table 8).
Table 8. The adapted input-output model
Goods
Uses
Resources
Intermediate consumption
Finished goods traded on
the domestic market
Inventories of goods at the end
of the year
Export
Other outputs (loss of goods)
Total uses
Output (domestic product)
inclusive
Import
Inventories of goods at the
beginning of the year
Total resources
Goods purchased for final
consumption
Goods purchased for
later use in the process
production
Domestic product
manufactured with the
customer's material (Lohn
production)
A
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
i
ICi
FCi
LUPPi
Ssi
Xi
Li
TUi
Qi
QLi
Mi
Sîi
TRi
Source: elaborated by the author.
The adapted model contains all the data necessary to calculate the competitiveness of
domestic goods on the domestic market in comparison with imported similar goods (equations 8
and 9). The calculation formulas are:
( ) ( )
ii
I
ii
L
i
H
ii
D
iLCSXXQQQQ SE −−+−−+=
(7)
( ) ( ) ( )
 
( ) ( ) ( )
 
 ==
++−+−−+
++−+−−+
=n
i
I
iii
i
I
ii
L
i
H
ii
n
i
D
i
I
iii
i
I
ii
L
i
H
ii
D
i
SE
iMMCSXXQQQQ
MMCSXXQQQQ
ICAD SE
SE
11
(8)
%100
1
1
+
−
=SE
i
SE
i
SE
iICAD
ICAD
SICAD
(9)
where:
SE
D
i
Q
– volume of demand for the finished domestic good i on the internal market, taking
into account the elements of the shadow economy;
SE
i
ICAD
– comparative advantage index of a domestic good i on the internal market, taking
into account the elements of the shadow economy;
SE
i
SICAD
– symmetrical comparative advantage index of a domestic goods i on the internal
market, taking into account the elements of the shadow economy;
H
i
Q
– underground production (Hidden production) a good i;

22
I
i
X
– illegal exports of a good i;
i
CS
– changes in inventories of a domestic good i;
I
i
M
– illegal imports of a good i.
The results of the calculations of the composite index of the comparative advantage
(equation 4) are presented in Table 9. The level of the index increased in 2019 in the case of
cereals, fruit juices, sunflower seeds, sunflower seed oil, etc.
Table 9. The composite index of the comparative advantage of some domestic goods of the
Agro-industrial Complex, %
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
Wheat, meslin, barley, oats, maize, grain
sorghum, and other cereals
66,06
66,60
64,54
65,22
64,53
65,74
65,80
Flour of wheat and flour of meslin
-23,57
2,60
-6,54
-32,69
-28,83
-14,70
-12,63
Fresh or chilled vegetables (excluding potatoes)
-16,23
-19,41
-16,18
-24,07
-12,62
-28,17
-28,99
Potatoes
-20,06
15,75
-8,00
-35,12
-35,10
-38,61
-38,59
Grapes, fresh or dried
59,71
64,11
63,96
65,38
66,19
66,89
66,37
Fruit juices (including grape must) and vegetable
juices
51,64
51,83
63,24
61,33
62,88
59,26
61,49
Milk and cream containing or not containing
added sugar or other sweetening matter
-32,78
-22,55
-23,45
-9,30
-6,79
-5,61
-36,85
Butter and other fats and oils derived from milk
35,06
42,30
48,10
50,98
8,31
-33,59
-40,86
Cheese and curd
14,74
21,00
18,21
9,43
-25,45
-20,65
-26,68
Margarine
-93,82
-94,50
-98,35
-93,33
-90,22
-87,64
-87,50
Sunflower seeds
66,25
65,00
64,38
63,98
63,54
63,72
64,40
Sunflower seed oil and fractions thereof
61,10
64,94
64,54
63,53
58,55
61,75
61,87
Sausages and similar products, of meat, meat
offal or blood
-30,75
-30,58
-31,21
-31,17
-31,78
-30,73
-32,02
Birds' eggs, in shell, fresh, preserved or cooked
-7,45
-7,88
22,55
27,64
35,35
32,17
11,28
Sugars, beet or cane, raw, in solid form
43,99
66,14
64,61
44,69
30,16
51,65
33,38
Source: elaborated by the author.
The author's calculations showed that wheat, meslin, barley, oats, maize and grapes are
competitive on both the domestic and foreign markets. Some goods of the agro-industrial complex,
which have a comparative disadvantage, could become more competitive, if the domestic producer
will be supported by the state, as it is practiced in the countries of the European Union.
In the context of identifying priority directions for export promotion, the author
recommends using the integral index and the index of revealed symmetric comparative advantage
on foreign market (elaborated in Chapter 3). The application of these indices made it possible to
determine the types of economic activities that have export potential. It should be noted that in
order to fully realize the capacity of these types of activities, investment allocations, renovations
and financial support from the state are needed. In addition, it is important to develop effective

23
ways to promote trade policy. The objectives of improving commercial policy are systematized in
Figure 3.
Fig. 3. General and specific objectives of improving commercial policy
Source: elaborated by the author.
Taking into account the changes in the world economy, the government of the Republic of
Moldova should intensify its efforts to create favourable conditions for domestic entrepreneurs
involved in export promotion. But at the same time, it should promote antitrust policy in the event
of monopolization of exports or imports of certain goods. In addition, the state should take
additional measures to diversify both exports and the national economy.
Supporting the
growth of export
potential
Improving the
quality of
infrastructure and
logistics efficiency
Development of
e-commerce
Improving
quality of
domestic goods
Determination of priority directions for export based on an
assessment of the competitiveness of goods and export potential
Increasing the share of exports of goods with a high degree of
technicality and high added value
Geographic and commodity diversification of exports of domestic
goods
Improving the import policy taking into account the national
interests of the Republic of Moldova
Improving the quality and product safety for meeting of customer
requirements
Encourage domestic producers to comply with international
quality standards
Creating a modern industrial, commercial and transport
infrastructure
Modernization and efficiency of logistics
E-commerce development
Using international online e-commerce platforms to promote
exports

24
3. GENERAL CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
The results of the study, including the coverage of theoretical, methodological and applied
aspects of the management of assessing the competitiveness of domestic goods in the context of
the commercial policy of the Republic of Moldova, made it possible to formulate the following
conclusions:
1. The management of the competitiveness of goods as a science is in its infancy, and the
management of the assessment of the competitiveness of goods has not yet been studied. The study
of conceptual approaches in this area allowed the author to develop a scheme for managing the
assessment of the competitiveness of domestic goods.
2. The synthesis of conceptual distinctions of the theories of competitiveness allowed the
determination of the influencing factors. The analysis of the results obtained made it possible to
identify the missing factors and served as the basis for the development of a new classification of
factors of the competitiveness of goods, which includes a new group of factors: psychological
factors. Based on the factors of the new classifier, the author has developed a new algorithm: an
algorithm for assessing the integral index of the competitiveness of goods.
3. The systematization of methods for assessing the competitiveness of goods is of
paramount importance, since it allows us to justify the choice of a particular assessment method,
comparing the advantages of the chosen method with the advantages that other methods can offer,
and allows us to assess the possibility of using this method to achieve the goal.
4. When assessing the competitiveness of goods, differential, complex and mixed methods
are widely used, which contain the following disadvantages: they do not take into account the
phases of the product's life cycle and new factors affecting competitiveness. Taking into account
the listed disadvantages, the author has developed an algorithm for calculating the composite index
of comparative advantages of goods.
5. An analysis of the EU's common trade policy suggests that promoting this policy has
advantages for the EU member states (including Romania) as it has a number of strengths.
However, in addition to the strengths, weaknesses and threats were identified: the trade deficit is
increasing; the economy is vulnerable to natural disasters; Romania's foreign trade is mainly aimed
at the European space, but the risk of some states leaving the European family remains.
6. The upward trend in exports ensures an increase in the flow of currency in the country,
which, in turn, has a positive effect on household consumption and leads to its increase. If the
volume of supply of domestic goods is lower than the volume of demand of the population and

25
does not correspond to consumer preferences, the deficit in demand will be covered by an increase
in imports.
7. An analysis of the correlation between exports and economic growth shows that the
causal relationship between these two indicators is positive. The value obtained using the elasticity
coefficient shows that an increase in exports by 1 percentage point leads to an increase in real GDP
by about 0.284 percentage points, which means the relevance of promoting domestic goods to the
external market.
8. The diagnostics of the competitiveness of the goods of the processing industry showed
that the goods made from the customer's materials, unprocessed goods and goods with a low degree
of processing had the greatest advantage. Of course, this trend cannot ensure sustainable economic
growth in Moldova and a high level of competitiveness of the national economy.
9. Based on the synthesis of the results of the SWOT analysis of the trade policy pursued
by the Republic of Moldova (Table 4), recommendations for improving the commercial policy of
the Republic of Moldova were elaborated, which are presented below.
Theoretical recommendations
1. Based on theoretical and methodological research, it is recommended to define the
competitiveness of a domestic goods as: the ability of the good to meet the maximum expectations
of a consumer, to meet the technical, economic, ecological, service and other characteristics in
comparison with foreign, analogue and substitutable goods of competitors and profitably sold on
the market during the analysed period.
2. Analysing the classification of factors affecting the competitiveness of goods used in the
studies of economists, the author recommends expanding it. Thus, in addition to groups of factors,
quality, price, after-sales service, marketing elements, the author proposes to include a group of
psychological factors, which includes commodity patriotism (preference to buy domestic goods),
ostentatious consumption (Veblen effect), preference to procure handmade goods.
3. Considering that of the five groups of competitiveness factors, only the first group of
factors is quantitative, and the other four are qualitative, which should be calculated by the expert
assessment method, it is recommended to apply a new approach to assessing the competitiveness
of goods by quality, which is based on the fact that the higher the quality of goods, the greater the
income elasticity of demand. Therefore, it is proposed to evaluate the competitiveness of domestic
goods by quality as a ratio between income elasticity of demand for domestic goods and income
elasticity of demand for imported goods.
4. Based on the fact that not all five groups of competitiveness factors are influencing
factors for all goods without exception, and, for example, in the case of essential items, price and

26
quality are the main influencing factors, it is recommended to use two-factor models when
assessing the competitiveness of goods.
5. To increase the reliability of assessing the competitiveness of domestic goods, it is
recommended to use the calculation algorithm developed by the author: the algorithm for assessing
the composite index of the comparative advantage of domestic goods.
Applicable recommendations
Recommendations for the Ministry of Economy and Infrastructure of the Republic of
Moldova
6. When developing and implementing strategies and programs to export promotion and
increase competitiveness, it is recommended to include 4 general objectives and 10 specific
objectives (Figure 3). Achievement of the listed objectives will ensure an increase in the following
impact indicators: real GDP (%), the share of exports in GDP, coverage of imports by exports. In
addition, they will increase monitoring indicators: the degree of diversification of goods; the
degree of geographic diversification; the share of exports of goods with a high degree of
technicality and high added value in the volume of exports. This recommendation was proposed
to the Ministry of Economy and Infrastructure of the Republic of Moldova within the framework
of the international project “Report on the Impact Assessment of the National Strategy for
Attracting Investment and Export Promotion”.
7. In order to determine priority sectors for increasing the share of exports of goods with a
high degree of complexity and technicality in the total volume of exports, it is recommended to
use the full index of competitiveness of goods on the external market.
8. When developing state strategies and programs and achieving the goal of increasing the
export potential of the Republic of Moldova, it is recommended to identify goods with export
potential using a symmetric index of comparative advantages on the external market.
Recommendations for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and European Integration of the
Republic of Moldova
9. In the context of removing trade barriers and the effective use of trade diplomacy
instruments, it is recommended: to conduct effective negotiations in order to create favourable
conditions for cooperation with foreign countries; using international platforms to promote
national economic interests; application of instruments to protect the internal market; prior to
signing the agreements, it is necessary to assess their impact on the national economy.
The generalization of the research results shows that a new concept of management has
been developed to assess the competitiveness of domestic goods, aimed at identifying priority
sectors, taking into account the new determinants of competitiveness. The application of this

27
concept in the development and implementation of government strategies and programs related to
export promotion, increasing competitiveness, sustainable growth of the national economy will
ensure the development of sectors producing goods with a high degree of technicality and high
added value. In addition, a new set of indicators has been developed to assess the competitiveness
of domestic goods, which can be used by the relevant authorities to monitor the implementation
of the mentioned state strategies and programs.

28
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1729-7206.
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Тюмень: ТюмГНГУ, 2014. 152 c. ISBN 978-5-9961-0804-6.
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Казань: Центр инновационных технологий, 2008. 162 с. ISBN 978-5-93962-314-8.
18. СТРЕКАЛОВ, А., КОЛЧИН, А., ОВСЯННИКОВ, М. Система менеджмента
конкурентоспособности наукоемкого производства. В: Вестник Уфимского
Государственного Авиационного Технического Университета. 2006, т. 7, № 2 (15), с.3-
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«Бизнес-школа «Интел-Синтез», 1995. 55 c. ISBN 987-5-870-57024-7.
20. ФРОЛОВА, И., ПАСЕЧНИКОВА, Л. Концепция эффективного управления
конкурентоспособностью организаций. В: Вестник Оренбургского Государственного
Университета. 2011, №13 (132), с. 484-487. ISSN 1814-6457.

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5. LIST OF PUBLICATIONS TO THE THESIS
Articles in journals, scientific collections indexed in SCOPUS
1. GUTIUM, T. The Correlation between Energy Resources Tariffs, Inflation and
Competitiveness. In: 2019 International Conference on Electromechanical and Energy
Systems (SIELMEN), October 9-11. Craiova, Romania, 2019, pp. 427-432. ISBN: 978-1-
7281-4012-4. https://doi.org/10.1109/SIELMEN.2019.8905860 IDB: indexed Scopus,
IEEEXplore. 0.53 a.s.
2. GUTIUM, T., POSTOLATY, V. Energy Resource Tariffs as a Tool for Comparing and
Influencing Macroeconomic Indicators and Competitiveness. In: 2019 International
Conference on Electromechanical and Energy Systems (SIELMEN), October 9-11. Craiova,
Romania, 2019, pp. 433-437. ISBN: 978-1-7281-4012-4.
https://doi.org/10.1109/SIELMEN.2019.8905882 IDB: indexed Scopus, IEEEXplore.
0.40 a.s. (personal contribution 0.20 a.s.)
3. GUTIUM, T., POSTOLATY, V., BYKOVA, E., GRODETSKIY, М., CELAC, I. Analysis
of the Impact of Tariff Levels on Energy and Other Services on Macroeconomic Indicators.
In: 2017 International Conference on Electromechanical and Power Systems (SIELMEN),
October 11-13. Iasi, Romania, 2017, pp. 531-534. ISBN 978-1-5386-1847-9.
https://doi.org/10.1109/SIELMEN.2017.8123395 IDB: indexed Scopus, IEEEXplore. 0.44
a.s. (personal contribution 0.09 a.s.)
Articles in scientific journals
in recognized foreign journals
4. GUTIUM, T. Quantifying the comparative advantage of domestic goods on the internal
market. In: The Journal Contemporary Economy. 2018, vol. 3, issue 1, pp. 38-45. ISSN 2537
– 4222. IDB: EconPapers (RePEc), IDEAS, BASE, SCIPIO, OAJI, ResearchBib. 0.51
a.s.
in journals from the National Register of profile journals, indicating the category
5. GUTIUM, T. Methodology for the calculation of new indicators for assessing the
competitiveness of goods. In: Economy and sociology. 2020, no. 1, pp. 74-85. ISSN 1857-
4130. Category „B+”, 1.00 a.s.
6. GUTIUM, T. Classification of the competitiveness’ factors and new approaches to assessing
the competitiveness. In: Economy and sociology. 2018, no. 2, pp. 65-74. ISSN 1857-4130.
Category „B”, 0.58 a.s.
7. GUTIUM, T. Conceptual approach of competitiveness and interdependence between
competition and competitiveness. In: Economica. 2017, no. 3 (101), pp. 59-71. ISSN 1810-
9136. Category „B”, 1.13 a.s.
8. GUTIUM, T. Competitiveness of goods and classification of influence factors. In:
Intellectus. 2018, no. 4, pp. 64-72. ISSN 1810-7079. Category „C”, 0.80 a.s.

31
Articles in scientific collections
in the proceedings of international scientific conferences (abroad)
9. GUTIUM, T. Realizarea politicii comerciale externe a Republicii Moldova. In: Dezvoltarea
economico-socială durabilă a Euroregiunilor și a zonelor transfrontaliere: conf. intern., a
XVI-a ed., 30 octombrie 2020. Iași: Performantica, 2020, vol. XXXVII, pp. 233-247. ISBN
978-606-685-742-0. 0.78 a.s.
10. GUTIUM, T. Elaborarea modelelor regresiei creșterii economice și competitivității. In:
Humanity at a crossroad. Between digital Economy and Need for a Paradigm of going back
to Nature: Proc. of the Intern. Symp. Experience. Knowledge. Contemporary Challenges,
6th ed., May 14rd - 15th, 2020. București: Editura ARTIFEX, 2020, pp. 191-201. ISBN 978-
606-8716-54-1. 0.45 a.s.
11. GUTIUM, T. Impactul implementării Pachetului III Energetic în Republica Moldova asupra
competitivității. In: Innovative economic-social Approaches in the Knowledge Society:
Intern. Symp. Experience. Knowledge. Contemporary Challenges, 5th ed., December 12th -
13th, 2019. București: Editura ARTIFEX, 2019, pp. 450-459. ISBN 978-606-8716-50-3.
0.41 a.s.
12. GUTIUM, T. Comerțul exterior, competitivitatea și creșterea economiei Republicii
Moldova. In: Necessity of new Economic-Social Paradigms in the current globalization
Context: Intern. Symp. Experience. Knowledge. Contemporary Challenges, 4th ed., May
23rd - 24th, 2019. București: Editura ARTIFEX, 2019, pp. 467-478. ISBN 978-606-8716-
44-2. 0.51 a.s.
13. ГУТЮМ, Т. Энергетический рынок Молдовы: структура, тарифы и их влияние на
конкурентоспособность. В: Энергетика: управление, качество и эффективность
использования энергоресурсов: IX Международная научно-техническая конференция,
11 - 12 марта, 2019. Благовещенск: Амурский государственный университет, 2019, с.
537-541. ISBN 978-5-93493-325-9. 0.27 a.s.
14. GUTIUM, T. Perfecționarea politicii comerciale a Republicii Moldova în contextul sporirii
competitivității bunurilor. In: Romania in the Year of the Centenary. The European and
global socio-economic Context: Intern. Sym. Experience. Knowledge. Contemporary
Challenges, 3rd ed., December 13th-14th, 2018. București: Editura ARTIFEX, 2018, pp. 426-
437. ISBN 978-606-8716-43-5. 0.52 a.s.
in the proceedings of international scientific conferences (Republic of Moldova)
15. GUTIUM, T. Industria ușoară a Republicii Moldova: evoluția, competitivitatea,
prognosticul. In: Creșterea economică în condițiile globalizării: bunăstare și incluziune
socială: conf. intern. științifico-practică, ed. a 14-a, 10-11 octombrie 2019. Chișinău: INCE,
2019, vol. 1, pp. 106-113. ISBN 978-9975-3305-6-5. 0.52 a.s.
16. GUTIUM, T. Situaţia pe piaţa autohtonă şi competitivitatea bunurilor. In: Creşterea
economică în condiţiile globalizării: competitivitate, inovativitate, sustenabilitate: conf.
intern. ştiinţifico-practică, ed. a 13-a, 11-12 octombrie 2018. Chișinău: INCE, 2018, vol. 1,
pp. 133-139. ISBN 978-9975-3202-8-3. 0.63 a.s.
17. GUTIUM, T. Corelația dintre competitivitate, creștere și libertate economică. In:
Competitivitatea şi inovarea în economia cunoaşterii: conf. șt. intern., 22-23 septembrie

32
2017. Chișinău: Editura ASEM, 2018, vol. 1, pp. 307-312. ISBN 978-9975-75-892-5. 0.35
a.s.
18. GUTIUM, T. Extinderea economiei digitale și impactul ei asupra competitivității. In:
Creșterea economică în condițiile globalizării: modele de dezvoltare durabilă: conf. intern.
ştiinţifico-practică, ed. a 12-a, 12-13 octombrie 2017. Chișinău: INCE, 2017, vol. 1, pp. 98-
103. ISBN 978-9975-3171-1-5. 0.53 a.s.
19. GUTIUM, T. Factorii externi și interni de competitivitate a bunurilor autohtone în economia
Republicii Moldova. In: 25 de ani de reformă economică în Republica Moldova: prin
inovare și competitivitate spre progres economic: conf. șt. intern., 23-24 sept. 2016.
Chișinău: ASEM, 2016, vol. 2, pp. 90-94. ISBN 978-9975-75-835-2. 0.30 a.s.
20. GUTIUM, T. Factorii de creștere a competitivității economice interne. In: Competitivitatea
și inovarea în economia cunoașterii: conf. șt. intern., 25-26 sept. 2015. Chișinău: ASEM,
2015, vol. 4, pt. 1, pp. 154-161. ISBN 978-9975-75-773-7. 0.63 a.s.
in the proceedings of national scientific conferences with international participation
21. GUTIUM, T. Interdependența dintre competitivitate și indicatorii macroeconomici. Aspect
teoretic. In: Tendințe contemporane ale dezvoltării științei: viziuni ale tinerilor cercetători:
materialele conf. șt. a doctoranzilor (cu participare internațională), ed. a VII-a, 15 iunie
2018. Chișinău: Tipogr. Biotehdesign, 2018, vol. 2, pp. 266-270. ISBN 978-9975-108-46-1.
0.31 a.s.
in the proceedings of national scientific conferences
22. GUTIUM, T. Competitivitatea și elementele economiei tenebre bunurilor industriei ușoare
și materialelor de construcție. In: Tendințe contemporane ale dezvoltării științei: viziuni ale
tinerilor cercetători: materialele conf. șt. a doctoranzilor, ed. a IX-a, 10 iunie 2020.
Chișinău: Tipogr. Artpoligraf, 2020, vol. 2, pp. 272-277. ISBN 978-9975-3389-7-4. 0.40 a.s.
23. GUTIUM, T. Balanța interramurală natural-valorică ca instrument de elaborare a
prognozelor și estimare a competitivității. In: Проблемы и вызовы экономики региона в
условиях глобализации: тез. V нац. научно–практической конф., 12 декабря 2019.
Комрат: Tipogr. Centrografic, 2019, т. 2, pp. 118-126. ISBN 978-9975-3312-7-2. 0.47 a.s.
24. GUTIUM, T. Evaluarea competitivității bunurilor autohtone pe piața externă. In: Tendințe
contemporane ale dezvoltării științei: viziuni ale tinerilor cercetători: materialele conf. șt.
a doctoranzilor, ed. a VIII-a, 10 iunie 2019. Chișinău: Tipogr. Biotehdesign, 2019, vol. 1,
pp. 195-201. ISBN 978-9975-108-66-9. 0.27 a.s.
Theses in scientific collections
25. GUTIUM, T. Elaborarea algoritmului evaluării competitivităţii bunurilor pe piaţa internă.
In: Competitivitatea şi inovarea în economia cunoaşterii: conf. șt. intern., 28-29 septembrie
2018. Materiale/Teze. Chișinău: ASEM, 2018, pp. 80-81. E-ISBN 978-9975-75-934-2. 0.21
a.s.
Scientific-methodical and didactic works
textbooks for university education (approved by the scientific council / senate of the institution)
26. Economia unităților economice: Manual pentru instituțiile de învățământ superior de profil
economic. Chișinău: Tipografia centrală, 2016. 388 p. ISBN 978-9975-75-809-3. (personal
contribution 3.22 a.s.)

33
ANNOTATION
GUTIUM Tatiana: „Management of assessing the competitiveness of domestic goods in the context of
the commercial policy of the Republic of Moldova”, PhD thesis in economics, doctoral program: 521.03.
Economics and management in the field of activity, Chisinau, 2021.
Thesis structure: introduction, three chapters, general conclusions and recommendations, bibliography of
188 titles, 16 annexes, 129 pages of basic text, 28 tables and 45 figures. The research results have been reflected in 37
scientific publications (21.08 author's sheets), of which 26 scientific works (15.62 author's sheets) were published in
2015-2020 in journals registered in international databases and in materials of foreign conferences and national
conferences (registered by the National Council for Accreditation and Attestation). From the mentioned scientific
works, 3 articles were published in international collections indexed in Scopus database.
Keywords: competitiveness, domestic goods, management of assessing, integral index, commercial policy.
Field of study of the thesis is the economics and management of assessing the competitiveness of domestic
goods. The purpose of the research: elaboration of a new concept of management of assessing the competitiveness
of domestic goods and indicators for quantifying goods’ competitiveness, in order to develop recommendations for
improving the commercial policy of the Republic of Moldova
Objectives of the research: study and synthesis of the theoretical and methodological aspects of the
management of the evaluation of the competitiveness of the goods in order to elaborate a new concept of the evaluation
of the competitiveness of the domestic goods and the stages of its management; research and systematization of
competitiveness factors used to assess the competitiveness of goods, in the context of identifying missing factors, in
order to develop a new algorithm for assessing the competitiveness of goods, taking into account the maximum number
of factors; studying and systematizing the methods of assessing the competitiveness of goods in order to develop a set
of indicators that can be used to determine priority industries and goods with export potential; comparative analysis
of the policies pursued by the main trade partners, in order to identify the most advantageous solutions for improving
the commercial policy of the Republic of Moldova; SWOT analysis of commercial policy pursued by the Republic of
Moldova with the aim of developing measures to improve this policy.
Scientific novelty and originality: 1) elaboration of a new concept of management of assessing the
competitiveness of domestic goods; 2) development of a new approach to the concept of “competitiveness of domestic
goods” in the context of eliminating gaps in existing approaches; 3) identification of a new group of factors influencing
the competitiveness of domestic goods, and its inclusion in the newly created classifier; 4) substantiation and
elaboration of an integral index of the competitiveness of domestic goods, taking into account the new identified
factors; 5) argumentation and development of a new approach to assessing the competitiveness of goods that allows
the quantification of the qualitative factor; 6) elaboration a new set of indicators that can be used to identify priority
sectors and export potential of domestic goods; 7) development of recommendations aimed at improving the
commercial policy of the Republic of Moldova and ensuring an increase in the competitiveness of domestic goods.
The important scientific problem solved: substantiation of a new concept of management for assessing the
competitiveness of domestic goods, which aims to determine priority sectors, producing goods with a high degree of
technicality and high added value, and goods with export potential, in the context of restructuring the national
economy.
Theoretical value: systematization of conceptual approaches regarding the essence of the competitiveness
of domestic goods and management of assessing the competitiveness of domestic goods; classification of factors
affecting the competitiveness of domestic goods, including new identified factors; theoretical and methodological
substantiation of the quantitative assessment of the qualitative factor in calculating the competitiveness of domestic
goods; theoretical and methodological substantiation of new algorithms for calculating the competitiveness of
domestic goods: the algorithm for calculating the integral index of competitiveness and the algorithm for calculating
the composite index of comparative advantages.
The study has an applicative value: because general goals, objectives and measures have been developed,
which are recommended to be included in government strategies and programs to export promotion, increase
competitiveness, and also indicators for monitoring the progress of the goals and objectives have been proposed. In
addition, the research results can be used to improve the commercial policy pursued by the Republic of Moldova.
The implementation of the scientific results was carried out within the international GIZ project “Report
on impact assessment of the National Strategy for Investments Attraction and Exports Promotion”, carried out at the
request of the Ministry of Economy and Infrastructure of the Republic of Moldova. In addition, the research results
were accepted for implementation by the furniture factory TANDEM, the Employers' Association “Union of
Transporters and Roads”, the Association of Shippers and Customs Brokers of the Republic of Moldova “AEM-
TRANS” and S.R.L. VICREMTRAL.

34
АННОТАЦИЯ
ГУТЮМ Татьяна: «Менеджмент оценки конкурентоспособности отечественных товаров в контексте
торговой политики Республики Молдова», докторская диссертация по экономике, докторская
программа: 521.03. Экономика и менеджмент в сфере деятельности. Кишинев, 2021.
Структура диссертации: введение, три главы, общие выводы и рекомендации, библиография состоит из
188 наименований, 16 приложений, 129 страниц основного текста, 28 таблиц и 45 рисунков. Результаты
исследования отражены в 37 научных публикациях (21,08 авторских листов), из которых 26 научных работ (15,62
авторских листов) были опубликованы в 2015-2020 гг., в журналах зарегистрированных в международных базах
данных, в материалах зарубежных конференциях и отечественных конференциях (зарегистрированных в
Национальном Совете по Аккредитации и Аттестации). Из отмеченных научных работ 3 статьи опубликованы в
международных сборниках, индексируемых в базе данных Scopus.
Ключевые слова: конкурентоспособность, отечественные товары, менеджмент оценки, интегральный
индекс, торговая политика.
Область исследования: экономика и менеджмент оценки конкурентоспособности отечественных товаров.
Цель исследования: разработка новой концепции менеджмента оценки конкурентоспособности
отечественных товаров и показателей для количественной оценки конкурентоспособности товаров с целью
разработки рекомендаций по совершенствованию торговой политики Республики Молдова.
Задачи исследования: изучение и обобщение теоретических и методологических аспектов управления
оценкой конкурентоспособности товаров, с целью разработки новой концепции оценки конкурентоспособности
отечественных товаров и этапов управления; исследование и систематизация факторов конкурентоспособности,
используемых для оценки конкурентоспособности товаров, в контексте определения недостающих факторов, с
целью разработки нового алгоритма оценки конкурентоспособности товаров, учитывающего максимальное
количество факторов; изучение и систематизация методов оценки конкурентоспособности товаров с целью
разработки новых показателей, которые могут быть использованы для определения приоритетных отраслей и
товаров с экспортным потенциалом; сравнительный анализ политики, проводимой основными торговыми
партнерами, с целью определения наиболее выгодных решений для улучшения торговой политики Республики
Молдова; SWOT-анализ торговой политики, продвигаемой Республикой Молдова, с целью разработки мер по
совершенствованию данной политики.
Научная новизна и оригинальность: 1) разработка новой концепции менеджмента оценки
конкурентоспособности отечественных товаров; 2) разработка нового подхода к понятию «конкурентоспособность
отечественного товара» в контексте устранения пробелов в существующих подходах; 3) выявление новой группы
факторов, влияющих на конкурентоспособность отечественных товаров, и разработка нового классификатора,
охватывающего в том числе и новые факторы; 4) обоснование и разработка интегрального индекса
конкурентоспособности отечественных товаров, учитывающего новые выявленные факторы; 5) обоснование и
разработка нового подхода к оценке конкурентоспособности товаров, позволяющего количественно оценить
качественный фактор; 6) разработка новых показателей, которые могут быть использованы для определения
приоритетных секторов и экспортного потенциала отечественных товаров; 7) разработка рекомендаций,
направленных на улучшение торговой политики Республики Молдова и обеспечение повышения
конкурентоспособности отечественных товаров.
Важность рассмотренной научной проблемы: обоснование новой концепции менеджмента оценки
конкурентоспособности отечественных товаров, которая направлена, в контексте реструктуризации национальной
экономики, на определение приоритетных секторов, производящих товары с высокой степенью техничности и
высокой добавленной стоимости, а также товары с экспортным потенциалом.
Теоретическая значимость: систематизация концептуальных подходов относительно сущности
конкурентоспособности отечественных товаров и менеджмента оценки конкурентоспособности отечественных
товаров; классификация факторов, влияющих на конкурентоспособность отечественных товаров, в том числе новых
выявленных факторов; теоретико-методологическое обоснование количественной оценки качественного фактора
при расчёте конкурентоспособности отечественных товаров; теоретико-методологическое обоснование новых
алгоритмов расчета конкурентоспособности отечественного товара: алгоритма расчета интегрального индекса
конкурентоспособности и алгоритма расчета сводного индекса сравнительных преимуществ.
Прикладная ценность исследования: разработаны общие цели, задачи и меры, которые рекомендуется
включить в государственные стратегии и программы по продвижению экспорта, повышению
конкурентоспособности, а также предлагаются показатели мониторинга хода реализации поставленных целей и
задач. Кроме того, результаты исследования могут быть использованы для улучшения торговой политики,
проводимой Республикой Молдова.
Внедрение научных результатов было осуществлено в рамках международного проекта GIZ «Отчет об
оценке воздействия Национальной Стратегии Привлечения Инвестиций и Продвижения Экспорта», выполненного
по заказу Министерства Экономики и Инфраструктуры Республики Молдова. Кроме того, результаты исследования
были приняты к внедрению мебельной фабрикой TANDEM, Ассоциацией «Uniunea Transportatorilor și Drumarilor»,
Ассоциацией грузоотправителей и таможенных брокеров Республики Молдова «AEM-TRANS» и S.R.L.
VICREMTRAL.

35
ADNOTARE
GUTIUM Tatiana: „Managementul evaluării competitivității bunurilor autohtone în contextul politicii
comerciale a Republicii Moldova”, teza de doctor în economie, program de doctorat: 521.03. Economie și
management în domeniul de activitate, Chișinău, 2021.
Structura tezei: introducere, trei capitole, concluzii generale și recomandări, bibliografie din 188 de titluri,
16 anexe, 129 de pagini text de bază, 28 de tabele și 45 de figuri. Rezultatele cercetărilor sunt reflectate în 37 de
publicații științifice (21,08 c.a.), din care 26 de lucrări științifice (15,62 c.a.) au fost publicate în perioada anilor 2015-
2020, în reviste înregistrate în baze de date internaționale și în materialele conferințelor din străinătate și din țară
(înregistrate la Consiliul Național pentru Acreditare și Atestare). Din numărul lucrărilor științifice menționate, 3
articole sunt publicate în culegeri internaționale indexate în baza de date Scopus.
Cuvinte-cheie: competitivitate, bunuri autohtone, managementul evaluării, indicele integral, politica
comercială.
Domeniul de studiu: economia şi managementul evaluării competitivității bunurilor autohtone.
Scopul studiului constă în elaborarea unui nou concept al managementului evaluării competitivității
bunurilor autohtone și a indicatorilor de cuantificare a competitivității bunurilor în vederea elaborării recomandărilor
de perfecționare a politicii comerciale a Republicii Moldova.
Obiectivele cercetării: studierea și sintetiza aspectelor teoretice și metodologice ale managementului
evaluării competitivității bunurilor cu scopul elaborării unui concept nou și a etapelor de gestionare a evaluării
competitivității bunurilor autohtone; cercetarea și sistematizarea factorilor competitivității, utilizați pentru estimarea
competitivității bunurilor în contextul determinării factorilor lipsă, pentru a elabora un nou algoritm de evaluare a
competitivității bunurilor, care ia în calcul un număr maximal de factori; studierea și sistematizarea metodelor de
evaluare a competitivității bunurilor cu scopul de a elabora un set nou de indicatori, care poate fi utilizat la
determinarea sectoarelor prioritare și a potențialului de export al bunurilor; analiza comparativă a politicilor promovate
de principalii parteneri comerciali pentru identificarea celor mai avantajoase soluții de perfecționare a politicii
comerciale a Republicii Moldova; analiza SWOT a politicii comerciale promovate de Republica Moldova cu scopul
de a elabora măsuri de perfecționare a respectivei politici.
Noutatea și originalitatea științifică rezidă în: 1) elaborarea unui nou concept al managementului evaluării
competitivității bunurilor autohtone; 2) dezvoltarea unei noi abordări a conceptului de „competitivitatea bunului
autohton” în contextul eliminării lacunelor abordărilor existente; 3) identificarea unui nou grup de factori de influență
a competitivității bunurilor autohtone și includerea acestuia în clasificatorul nou creat; 4) fundamentarea și elaborarea
indicelui integral al competitivității bunurilor autohtone, care ia în calcul factorii noi identificați; 5) argumentarea și
elaborarea unei noi abordări de evaluare a competitivității bunurilor care permite cuantificarea factorului calitativ; 6)
elaborarea unui nou set de indicatori, care poate fi utilizat la determinarea sectoarelor prioritare și a potențialului de
export al bunurilor autohtone; 7) elaborarea recomandărilor menite să contribuie la perfecționarea politicii comerciale
a Republicii Moldova și să asigure creșterea competitivității bunurilor autohtone.
Problema științifică importantă soluționată constă în: fundamentarea unui nou concept al managementului
evaluării competitivității bunurilor autohtone, care, în contextul restructurării economiei naționale, vizează
determinarea sectoarele prioritare, producătoare de bunuri cu un grad înalt de tehnicitate și cu valoare adăugată înaltă
și de bunuri cu potențial de export.
Semnificația teoretică cuprinde: sistematizarea abordărilor conceptuale privind esența competitivității
bunului autohton și a managementului evaluării competitivității bunurilor autohtone; clasificarea factorilor de
influență a competitivității bunurilor autohtone, inclusiv a factorilor noi identificați; fundamentarea teoretică și
metodologică a cuantificării factorului calitativ pentru evaluarea competitivității bunurilor autohtone; fundamentarea
teoretică și metodologică a noilor algoritmi de calcul al competitivității bunului autohton: algoritmul de calcul al
indicelui integral al competitivității și algoritmul de calcul al indicelui compozit al avantajului comparativ.
Valoarea aplicativă a cercetării constă în faptul că: sunt elaborate obiective generale, obiective specifice și
măsuri, care se recomandă a fi incluse în strategiile și programele de stat de promovare a exportului, de sporire a
competitivității şi sunt propuși indicatori de monitorizare a realizării obiectivelor. De asemenea, rezultatele cercetării
pot fi utilizate pentru perfecționarea politicii comerciale, promovate de Republica Moldova.
Implementarea rezultatelor științifice a fost efectuată în cadrul proiectului internațional GIZ „Raport
privind evaluarea impactului strategiei naționale pentru atragerea investițiilor și promovarea exporturilor”, efectuat la
comanda Ministerului Economiei și Infrastructurii al Republicii Moldova. În plus, rezultatele cercetării au fost
acceptate spre implementare de către fabrica de mobilă TANDEM, Asociația Patronală „Uniunea Transportatorilor și
Drumarilor”, Asociația Expeditorilor și Brokerilor Vamali din Republica Moldova „AEM-TRANS” și S.R.L.
VICREMTRAL.

36
GUTIUM TATIANA
MANAGEMENT OF ASSESSING THE COMPETITIVENESS OF
DOMESTIC GOODS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE
COMMERCIAL POLICY OF THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA
Doctoral program: 521.03. ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT IN THE
FIELD OF ACTIVITY
Summary of the doctoral thesis in economics
Aprobat spre tipar: xx.xx.2021
Hîrtie ofset. Tipar ofset.
Coli de tipar: 2,4
Formatul hîrtiei 60x84 1/16
Tiraj 50 ex.
Comanda nr. xxx/21
© GUTIUM Tatiana, 2021
Tipografia