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New orchids in the flora of Vietnam VI (Orchidaceae, tribes Arethuseae, Cymbidieae, Diurideae, Epidendreae, Vandeae, and Vanilleae)
Abstract
This paper presents new data on the orchid diversity of Vietnam obtained from field explorations made mainly in 2015–2022, as well as from the study of some historical collections housed at the Herbaria of Russia and Vietnam. It includes descriptions of two species new to science (Coelogyne phitamii and Cymbidium sangii), reports of one genus (Stigmatodactylus), and eleven species new to the flora of Vietnam (Coelogyne fuliginosa, C. suaveolens, Cremastra malipoensis, Cymbidium cochleare, C. goeringii, C. macrorhizon, Holcoglossum nagalandense, Miguelia shenzhenica, Otochilus lancilabius, Pelatantheria bicuspidata, Stigmatodactylus sikokianus). Three new nomenclature combinations (Biermannia averyanovii (Vuong, Kumar, V.H.Bui & V.S.Dang.) Aver., Miguelia shenzhenica (Z.J.Liu & S.C.Chen) Aver., Panisea sondangii (Vuong, Aver. & V.H.Bui) Aver.) and lectotypes for three species (Coelogyne suaveolens, Otochilus lancilabius, Pelatantheria bicuspidata) are proposed. Data on accepted names, main synonyms, etymology (for newly described species), morphological description, studied specimens, ecology, phenology, and distribution, conservation status assessment according to IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, brief taxonomic notes, and illustrations are provided for each species listed.
... Chen et al. (2009) assumed it to be a synonym of C. fimbriata due to similar floral morphology; and subsequently, Schuiteman et al. (2022) placed it under the synonymy of C. ovalis, possibly due to the resemblance of pseudobulbs. Averyanov et al. (2023) have kept the species separate, although with uncertainty. Coelogyne fuliginosa differs from C. fimbriata and C. ovalis due to presence of distinctly interrupted straight keels and a noticeable short median keel. ...
... NOTES. This recently described species from Vietnam (Averyanov et al. 2023) bears close resemblance to C. fimbriata and C. fuliginosa, but clearly differs due to presence of a thin, narrowly cylindric pseudobulb, six (or five) undulate labellum keels and the wings of the column which are longer and expands to more than half the length of column. Interestingly, Seidenfaden (1975: fig. ...
... from Clayton (2002: fig. 7(7)); H. C. phitamii: i. from Averyanov et al. (2023: fig. 1G), ii. ...
Coelogyne tripurensis is described here as a species new to science. This epiphytic orchid was discovered from the moist broadleaf forests of Jampui Hills in Tripura, NorthEast India situated at the westernmost fringe of Indo-Myanmar Biodiversity Hotspot. Evidences to delineate the newly described species and its significant differences from closely related taxa have been provided. We discuss the resurrection of C. fuliginosa, C. leungiana and C. pallens as distinct species. Additionally, lectotypification of C. chrysotropis, C. ovalis and C. pallens, and neotypification of C. fuliginosa is presented. We also provide historical evidence for the range extension of C. phitamii in Thailand. An identification key for the taxonomically challenging Coelogyne section Fuliginosae which consists of nine species is provided along with detailed nomenclatural notes on each species as a revision of the section.
... Notes:-The description, as well as data on distribution, ecology, and conservation status of this plant endemic to southern Vietnam were reported earlier under the name Coelogyne lecongkietii (Vo et al. 2023). The discussion about the generic status of the genus Panisea was presented in our recent publication (Averyanov et al. 2023a). It is noticeable that species of Panisea merged recently into Coelogyne by molecular cladistics (Chase et al. 2021), form morphologically well-defined group, and surely deserve the status of a distinct "paraphyletic" genus accepted for a long time by classic orchidology. ...
... Formally the descriptions of both genera look very similar and do not present individual generic differences (King & Pantling 1898a, Smith 1905, Comber 1990: 300, Shuiteman & Vogel 2000, Pridgeon et al. 2014, Pham 2021). On the basis of morphological studies of the currently accepted species, we do not see characters of a generic level that can segregate these taxa and hence follow the concept regarding these two genera as congeneric with Biermannia as a valid name (Seidenfaden & wood 1992, Averyanov et al. 2023a. ...
The paper presents new data on the orchid diversity of Vietnam obtained mainly during the fieldwork of 2023–2024, as well as a result of investigation of the herbarium and garden collections of Russia and Vietnam. It includes five species new to science, namely Cleisostoma truongquanii, Cymbidium bavuongii, Hemipilia uniflora, Micropera vietnamensis, Robiquetia binhii, and one variety, Biermannia averyanovii var. micrantha. Six species, Biermannia brachystachys, Cleisostoma nangongense, Coelogyne cumingii, Eulophia bicallosa, Gastrodia fontinalis, and Schoenorchis seidenfadenii are reported for Vietnam at first. For each of the studied taxa, their types, relevant synonyms, studied specimens, ecology and phenology (within Vietnam), distribution, preliminarily assessed conservation status, brief taxonomic notes and illustrations are provided. For the newly described taxa, morphological descriptions and notes on etymology are included. In addition, new nomenclature combinations, Panisea lecongkietii (Vuong, Aver. & Q.T.Truong) Aver., Biermannia brachystachys (Schltr.) Aver., Thrixspermum arunachalensis (A.N.Rao) Aver., and Thrixspermum jainiana (S.N.Hegde & A.N.Rao) Aver. are proposed. Based on available literature data and currently presented data the orchid flora of Vietnam includes 1382 species belonging to 184 genera.
... Southern China and Vietnam represent the area of highest species diversity in this section. Eight species belonging to this section were reported from Vietnam before our study (Averyanov, Averyanova, 2003;Averyanov et al., 2015Averyanov et al., , 2018Averyanov et al., , 2023Tuan et al., 2020). These are Cymbidium cyperifolium Lindl., ...
Two new species of Cymbidium sect. Jensoa (Orchidaceae) are described from southern Vietnam as new for science under the names C. ledinhhienii and C. sungwookii. Both species morphologically are most similar to C. nanulum but clearly differ by the epigeous pseudobulbs and articulate perennial leaves when plant flowers with leaves. Diagnostic characters of C. ledinhhienii are median lip lobe elliptic to narrowly ovate, 1-1.2 cm long, 6-7 mm wide, disc lamellae divergent in the middle, column apex straight, not lobed, and anther cap smooth, without beak; diagnostic characters of C. sungwookii are triangular ovate median lip lobe, ca. 1 cm long and wide, disc lamellae con-vergent distally, column apex cleft, with two lobes, and finely papillose beaked anther cap. The paper presents standard illustrated taxonomic descriptions of new species, with data on their ecology, phenology, distribution, conservation status, and comparison with related species.
The only specimen of Ascocentrum semiteretifolium Seidenf. [=Holcoglossum semiteretifolium (Seidenf.) R. Rice] recorded from Arunachal Pradesh, India in the year 1995 has been correctly identified as Holcoglossum nagalandense (Phukan & Odyuo) X.H. Jin. Consequently, the former has been excluded from the Orchid Flora of India and the later has been reported here as an addition to the Orchid Flora of Arunachal Pradesh. Relationship between the two species has been discussed based on the study of type specimens and the original descriptions. Holcoglossum nagalandense has been assessed as ‘Endangered’ by following the IUCN guidelines.
The paper presents new data on the orchid diversity of Vietnam obtained mainly during the fieldwork of 2020–2023, as well as a result of investigation of the herbarium collections of Russia and Vietnam. It includes two species new to science, Bidoupia micrantha and Hylophila vietnamensis, and three species new to the native flora of Vietnam, i.e. Diphylax urceolata, Disperis neilgherrensis, and Habenaria siamensis. Three genera, Diphylax, Disperis and Hylophila, are reported here for the flora of Vietnam for the first time. In addition, a newly naturalized species Cynorkis fastigiata is documented, which originates from the Comoros, Madagascar, the Seychelles, and the Mascarenes. For each of the studied species, its type, relevant synonyms, studied specimens, ecology and phenology (within Vietnam), distribution, preliminarily assessed conservation status, brief taxonomic notes and illustrations are provided. For the newly described taxa, morphological descriptions and notes on etymology are additionally included.
Dendrobium namdongense is described here as a new species from limestone areas of the Nam Dong Conservation Area, Thanh Hoa Province, Quan Hoa District (northern Vietnam). This species inhabits primary evergreen broad-leaved and mixed forests on karstic limestone at elevations of 900–1100 m a.s.l. in a zone of humid, cool tropical climate. A detailed illustrated description and comparison of the discovered plant with the morphologically closest species, D. fuscifaucium and D. hekouense is provided, along with data on its distribution, ecology, and phenology. The new species has a potential in ornamental horticulture. According to the criteria of the IUCN Red List, the conservation status of the species is determined as Critically Endangered (CR).
The paper presents new data on the orchid diversity of Vietnam obtained mainly in the course of the fieldwork in 2020–2023, as well as from the investigation of the collections stored at the Herbaria of Russia and Vietnam. It includes descriptions of four species (Appendicula spicata, Dendrobium khanhii, D. vietii, Listera anthropophora) and one variety (Eria dacrydium var. cornuta) new to science, as well as reports of 18 species new to the flora of Vietnam (Bulbophyllum conchiferum, B. gibbosum, B. lasiochilum, B. malleolabrum, B. medusae, B. mucronatum, B. reclusum, B. siamense, B. sutepense, Dendrobium deltatum, D. densiflorum, D. lampongense, D. polyanthum, Oberonia maxima, Phreatia sulcata, Podochilus lucescens, Sunipia grandiflora and S. rimannii). In addition, a new name, Dendrobium nobile var. luteoalbum, and a new nomenclatural combination, Eria chienii, are proposed, and lectotypes for the names Bulbophyllum mucronatum, B. sutepense, Dendrobium deltatum and D. nobile var. luteoalbum are designated. For each of the studied species, relevant synonyms, studied specimens, ecology, phenology, distribution, conservation status assessment according to the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, brief taxonomic notes, and illustrations are provided. For the newly described taxa, morphological descriptions and notes on etymology are included.
Coelogyne phitamii, previously known only from Vietnam, is reported as new to the flora of India and
nine orchids new to flora of the Sikkim Himalaya (Bulbophyllum forrestii, Coelogyne chinensis,
C. bulleyia, C. micrantha, Dendrobium brymerianum, D. capillipes, D. darjeelingense, D. pendulum
and Goodyera viridiflora) are also reported. Details for each species along with color photographs are
provided.
The seventh paper of the series on orchid diversity in Vietnam includes descriptions of four species new to science (Goodyera umbonata, Myrmechis brachyscapa, Rhomboda obcordata, and Vietorchis proboscidea) and five new national records (Calanthe speciosa, Habenaria coultousii, Myrmechis urceolata, Paphiopedilum barbigerum var. barbigerum, and Peristylus affinis). Two new nomenclatural combinations, Rhomboda aurea (≡ Odontochilus aureus) and Odontochilus tonkinensis (≡ Anoectochilus tonkinensis), are proposed. Odontochilus putaoensis described from Myanmar and reported also from China and Laos is synonymized with Odontochilus umbrosus described 22 years earlier from Vietnam. Data on relevant synonyms and etymology are provided, along with morphological descriptions for the newly described species. For the species new to science and for the taxa reported for Vietnam for the first time, the information is given about studied specimens, ecology, phenology, distribution, and conservation status assessed according to the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria, accompanied by brief taxonomic notes and illustrations.
In connection with ongoing studies in the Orchidaceae for Flora of Thailand, Goodyera foliosa, Pantlingia sikokiana and Pilophyllum villosum are recorded as new for Thailand (the latter two representing new generic records as well). Illustrations and morphological descriptions of the newly recorded species are provided based on the Thai collections.
The paper presents new data on the orchid diversity in Vietnam obtained in 2016-2020. It contains descriptions of one genus (Apetalanthe) and two species new to science (Apetalanthe gracilis, Nervilia appressifolia), as well as one genus (Neottianthe) and four species (Calanthe tricarinata, Collabium yunnanense, Dendrobium praecinctum, Neottianthe secundiflora) new for the flora of Vietnam. Apetalanthe is particularly remarkable for the reduction of petals. The accepted name, synonyms, type, citations of relevant regional taxonomic publications, data on ecology, phenology and distribution, estimated IUCN Red List status, studied specimens, brief taxonomic notes, and illustrations are provided for each recorded species.
The paper continues publications of new data on orchid diversity in Vietnam (Averyanov and Gruss, 2018a-d; Averyanov et al., 2018a-e, 2019; Gruss et al., 2018) obtained in 2017-2018. It includes data on 4 orchid species new to science (Aerides phongthuyii, Cleisostoma uniseta, Macropodanthus brevidentatus and Schoenorchis tatonii) and 2 species new for the flora of Vietnam (Gastrochilus fuscopunctatus and Phalaenopsis malipoensis). The valid name, synonyms, type, citations of relevant regional taxonomic publications, data on ecology, phenology and distribution, estimated IUCN Red List status, studied specimens, brief taxonomic notes, and illustrations are provided for each recorded species. One new combination, Macropodanthus clausus (J.J. Sm.) Aver. (Sarcochilus clausus J.J. Sm.), is proposed.
The paper continues our recent publication of new original data on orchid diversity in Vietnam (Averyanov and Gruss, 2018a-d; Averyanov et al., 2018a-e; Gruss et al., 2018) obtained in 2017-2018. It includes data on 3 orchid species new for science (Coelogyne dolichopoda, Liparis robustior and Oberonia khuongii) and 5 species, new for the flora of Vietnam (Epigeneium nakaharae, Liparis bistriata, L. rhodochila, L. siamensis and Nervilia mackinnonii). Annotated species list provides the valid name, synonyms, type, citations of relevant taxonomic regional publications, data on ecology, phenology and distribution, estimated IUCN Red List status, studied specimens, brief taxonomic notes, and illustrations for each recorded species. Lectotype for Liparis siamensis is designated.
The following nine new additions to the orchid flora of Laos PDR are reported based on surveys in the country conducted during the period 2012–2017: Bulbophyllum alcicorne, B. meson, Coelogyne suaveolens, Cyrtosia nana, Dendrobium phuketense, Oberonia rhizoides, Phaius columnaris, Thelasis khasiana and Zeuxine longilabris. The taxonomy of a further 15 orchid taxa (Bulbophyllum guttulatum, B. moniliforme, B. sarcophyllum, B. scabratum, B. seidenfadenii, B. tipula, Cleisostoma lecongkietii, Coelogyne ovalis, Dendrobium chapaense, D. crepidatum, D. wattii, Habenaria gibsonii var. foetida, H. malintana, Luisia zeylanica and Phalaenopsis pulcherrima) native to Laos or adjacent countries is reviewed, resulting in the synonymisation of 20 names. In addition, new combinations are made for Grosourdya vietnamica, Luisia sonii and Holcoglossum gaoligongense to bring them in line with recent changes in the classification of the orchid family.
3. Подсем. EPIDENDROIDEAE (примитивные трибы – Neottieae, Vanilleae, Gastrodieae, Nervilieae) Summary. The article continues serial publication of illustrated critical taxonomical survey of orchids in the flora of Vietnam. This part of the monograph includes taxonomical treatment of so-called primitive tribes (Neottieae, Vanilleae, Gastrodieae, Nervilieae) of the largest subfamily Epidendroideae (17 genera and 41 species in Vietnam); besides, some corrections and additions to first and second parts of the monograph are included. Identification keys, valid name, necessary synonyms, type material citation, short description, data on ecology and distribution, as well as a list of studied voucher specimens for each species are provided. Mentioned species are illustrated with original line drawings and color photographs. Two new nomenclature combinations are proposed, namely Cyrtosia faberi (Rolfe) Aver., and C. falconeri (Hook. f.) Aver. A new genus Miguelia Aver. with 2 species – M. somai (Hayata) Aver. and M. annamica (Gagnep.) Aver. is established. Description of a new species – Peristylus tenuicallus Ormerod. discovered by P. Ormerod on the base of his studies of AMES Herbarium is also presented. Key words: Orchidaceae, flora of Vietnam, keys for identification. Аннотация. Статья продолжает публикацию серийного издания иллюстрированного критического таксо-номического обзора орхидных (Orchidaceae) флоры Вьетнама. Третья часть монографии включает предисло-вие и стандартную таксономическую обработку наиболее примитивных триб (Neottieae, Vanilleae, Gastrodieae, Nervilieae), объединяемых в подсемейство Epidendroideae и насчитывающих во флоре страны 17 родов и 41 вид. Для всех признаваемых видов приводятся законное название, наиболее важные синонимы, цитирование аутентичного материала, краткое описание, данные по экологии и распространению, а также список изучен-ных образцов. Все виды иллюстрированы черно-белыми рисунками и цветными фотографиями. Для 2 так-сонов в работе предложены новые номенклатурные комбинации – Cyrtosia faberi (Rolfe) Aver. и C. falconeri (Hook. f.) Aver. В качестве нового для науки описывается род Miguelia Aver., включающий два вида – M. somai (Hayata) Aver. и M. annamica (Gagnep.) Aver. В публикацию также включено описание нового вида – Peristylus tenuicallus Ormerod., открытого недавно Полом Омеродом на основании изучения гербарных коллекций Эйм-са (AMES). Ключевые слова: орхидные, флора Вьетнама, ключи для определения.
This is a comprehensive name list of native orchids of Taiwan identified since the publication of Flora of Taiwan Vol. 5, second edition (2000). The 330 species, subspecies, varieties and natural hybrids of native orchids reported in that publication increases to 455 in the current list. Type information and selected references, diagnostic notices for each species are reported herein for reference.
A checklist of the Orchidaceae of Western Himalaya is presented based on recent orchid explorations and herbarium collections. This checklist comprised of 239 taxa of orchids belonging to 72 genera. Of these, 130 are terrestrial, 13 mycoheterotrophic and 96 epiphytic. Thirteen (13) species are endemic to Western Himalaya. The best represented genus is Dendrobium, with 16 species followed by Habenaria with 14 species and Bulbophyllum with 12 species. In this checklist habit, habitat, phenology, elevational range of distribution etc. are provided.
An annotated checklist comprised of 458 taxa of orchids known from Nepal is provided, including 104 genera, 437 species, 16 varieties, 3 subspecies and 2 forma and 18 endemic species. In Nepal, orchid species are distributed from 60–5200 m a.s.l. In the checklist, notes on altitudinal ranges, habit, habitat, global distribution, phenology, etc. are presented.
Section Fuliginosae Pfitzer & Kraenzl. of the genus Coelogyne Lindl. is revised. With the help of a pollen study, principal component and cluster analyses with morphological characters and a survey of some additional data, two species are recognized (C. fimbriata and C. triplicatula), including one dubious variety (C. fimbriata var. acuminata). Eleven names are reduced to synonymy. Three species formerly included in sect. Fuliginosae by several authors are excluded (C. micrantha, C. treutleri and C. schilleriana).
Recently, there have been a lot of intense debates about the acceptance/rejection of paraphyletic groups in biological classification. On the one hand, evolutionary classification states that similarity and common descent are two criteria for biological classification and paraphyletic groups are natural units of biological classification. On the other hand, cladistic classification considers that common descent is the only criterion in biological classification and monophyly should be strictly adhered to. Holcoglossum is used herein as a case to illustrate this problem. Although Holcoglossum is a small orchid genus of less than 20 species, there is little consensus about its generic circumscription since it was established, which leads to confusion in taxonomic treatments in the Aerides-Vanda group. Based on the analyses of molecular and morphological evidence, our results suggest that the clade comprising Holcoglossum s.s., Ascolabium, Penkimia and Ascocentrum himalaicum is strongly supported as a monophyly, and that the three taxa are nested within different subclades of Holcoglossum s.s. Thus, it is reasonable to recognize a monophyletic circumscription of Holcoglossum, which is also well supported by some vegetative and floral characters. The Holcoglossum s.l. would facilitate a better understanding of pollinator-driven floral divergence and vegetative stasis than a paraphyletic and narrowly defined genus.
The main phytogeographic regions within the eastern part of the Indochinese Peninsula are delimited on the basis of analysis of recent literature on geology, geomorphology and climatology of the region, as well as numerous recent literature information on phytogeography, flora and vegetation. The following six phytogeographic regions (at the rank of floristic province) are distinguished and outlined within eastern Indochina: Sikang-Yunnan Province, South Chinese Province, North Indochinese Province, Central Annamese Province, South Annamese Province and South Indochinese Province. Short descriptions of these floristic units are given along with analysis of their floristic relationships. Special floristic analysis and consideration are given to the Orchidaceae as the largest well-studied representative of the Indochinese flora.
This paper presents new data on the orchid diversity of Vietnam obtained in 2020–2022. It comprises descriptions of two species new for science (Cleisostoma tatonii and Sarcoglyphis hiepii) and descriptions of four species new for the flora of Vietnam (Cleisostoma aspersum, Gastrochilus nanus, Micropera mannii and Trichoglottis ramosa). All species found for the first time in Vietnam are morphologically slightly different from the individuals in their main distribution area. Data on accepted names, main synonyms, etymology (for newly described species), morphological description, studied specimens, ecology, phenology and distribution, conservation status assessment, brief taxonomic notes, and illustrations are provided for each species listed.
Coelogyne sondangii is described as a species new for science. It allies to the group of former Panisea species with white flowers, namely C. albiflora, C. demissa, C. yunnanensis, C. panchaseensis, and C. sagittata, but differs from them in big flowers, narrowly spatulate lip with erose margin of lobes and irregularly denticulate column wings. In addition, C. moi is firstly recorded and documented for the flora of Vietnam, as well as new nomenclatural combination, Coelogyne sagittata (T.C.Hsu, H.C.Hung & Luu) Vuong & Aver., is proposed.
This paper presents new data on the orchid diversity of Vietnam obtained in 2015–2021. It contains descriptions of three new species (Cleisostoma furcatum, Malleola micrantha, Schoenorchis hungii), one new variety (Chiloschista parishii var. minutiflora) and one new form (Cleisostoma furcatum forma albiflora). Additionally six species, Ascocentropsis malipoensis, Chiloschista sweelimii, Pomatocalpa undulatum, Trachoma rhopalorrhachis, Trichoglottis maculata, and Uncifera acuminata are newly recorded for Vietnam. The paper also provides an amended description of a very rare and poorly known species, Cleisostoma equestre. All studied taxa belong to subtribe Aeridinae (tribe Vandeae, subfamily Epidendroideae). The accepted plant name, main synonyms, data on type specimens, ecology, phenology and distribution, estimated IUCN Red List status, studied specimens, brief taxonomic notes, and illustrations are provided for each species listed.
A new species, Chamaeanthus averyanovii is described from Vietnam. It resembles C. brachystachys in many features but can be differentiated on the basis of leaves and morphological details of flower. The manuscript presents description, illustrated color plate and data on its phenology, ecology, and distribution. Morphological resemblance of the new species with allied species is also discussed. Additionally, two names, Biermannia canhii and B. longicheila are transferred to Chamaeanthus.
A list of all Orchidaceae recorded for Myanmar is presented, primarily based on many years of research in herbaria and libraries around the world, supplemented by recent fieldwork in various parts of Myanmar. As such, it is intended to form the basis for a treatment of Orchidaceae in the new flora of Myanmar project. A total of 1037 species in 152 genera is listed, which includes a number of uncertain identifications and indicates the need for further research. In addition, for four taxa occurrence in Myanmar is also suspected, but the available herbarium and literature information is not conclusive in this regard. The total number is comparatively low relative to neighbouring Thailand but expected to rise, given the fact that biodiversity is currently poorly understood even though extensive inventory efforts are now under way. In the introduction, the orchid flora of Myanmar, phytogeographical affinities and endemism are discussed and illustrated by graphs and tables. Each species entry in the taxonomic section consists of the name, place of original description, type information (if from Myanmar), list of citations of Myanmar specimens examined and global distribution; specific notes under many species elaborate various taxonomic issues. Two new combinations are made here, and five lectotypes and one neotype are designated. Six species are definite new distribution records for Myanmar, whereas identification of another three needs to be confirmed.
Since the last classification of Orchidaceae in 2003, there has been major progress in the determination of relationships, and we present here a revised classification including a list of all 736 currently recognized genera. A number of generic changes have occurred in Orchideae (Orchidoideae), but the majority of changes have occurred in Epidendroideae. In the latter, almost all of the problematic placements recognized in the previous classification 11 years ago have now been resolved. In Epidendroideae, we have recognized three new tribes (relative to the last classification): Thaieae (monogeneric) for Thaia, which was previously considered to be the only taxon incertae sedis; Xerorchideae (monogeneric) for Xerorchis; and Wullschlaegelieae for achlorophyllous Wullschlaegelia, which had tentatively been placed in Calypsoeae. Another genus, Devogelia, takes the place of Thaia as incertae sedis in Epidendroideae. Gastrodieae are clearly placed among the tribes in the neottioid grade, with Neottieae sister to the remainder of Epidendroideae. Arethuseae are sister to the rest of the higher Epidendroideae, which is unsurprising given their mostly soft pollinia. Tribal relationships within Epidendroideae have been much clarified by analyses of multiple plastid DNA regions and the low-copy nuclear gene Xdh. Four major clades within the remainder of Epidendroideae are recognized: Vandeae/Podochileae/Collabieae, Cymbidieae, Malaxideae and Epidendreae, the last now including Calypsoinae (previously recognized as a tribe on its own) and Agrostophyllinae s.s. Agrostophyllinae and Collabiinae were unplaced subtribes in the 2003 classification. The former are now split between two subtribes, Agrostophyllinae s.s. and Adrorhizinae, the first now included in Epidendreae and the second in Vandeae. Collabiinae, also probably related to Vandeae, are now elevated to a tribe along with Podochileae. Malaxis and relatives are placed in Malaxidinae and included with Dendrobiinae in Malaxideae. The increased resolution and content of larger clades, recognized here as tribes, do not support the ‘phylads’ in Epidendroideae proposed 22 years ago by Dressler. © 2014 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2015, 177, 151–174.
Cremastra malipoensis G. W. Hu, a new rare species of Orchidaceae, is described and illustrated, and a taxonomic key to the species of the genus is provided. It occurs in southeastern Yunnan, China, near the border of Vietnam. It is most similar to C. appendiculata, but its inflorescences have fewer flowers (only 4—7), its flowers are positioned horizontally and become slightly pendulous, the lateral lobes of the lip are geniculate and twisted 90° at the base, and the mid-lobe of the lip is somewhat reflexed, rhombic to broadly ovoid, and 9—10 × 8—9 mm. The new species is known only from a single population and categorized under the ICUN criteria as critically endangered. Formal recognition is required for protecting this species, which grows sympatrically with more common species that are harvested as medicinal herbs.
The genus Panisea is revised. A total of 13 taxa have previously been described. In the present revision 7 species are recognized: P. albiflora, P. apiculata, P. demissa, P. distelidia sp. nov., P. tricallosa, P. uniflora and P. yunnanensis. A new variety, P. tricallosa var. garrettii is proposed.
A checklist is presented of the orchid flora of Laos, enumerating 485 species in 108 genera. An estimate is given of the expected size of the orchid flora of Laos. Notes on habitat, global and local distribution, endemism, conservation, phenology, as well as a systematic overview complement the checklist.
The wild orchids of Hong Kong
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- S Gale
Barretto, G., Cribb, P. & Gale, S. (2011) The wild orchids of Hong Kong. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu, 715 pp.
- S C Chen
- Z J Liu
- G H Zhu
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- X H Jin
- P J Cribb
- J J Wood
- S W Gale
- P Ormerod
- J J Vermeulen
- H P Wood
- D Clayton
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