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Performance Comparison of an implemented Wired and Wireless Micro Smart Grid
Abstract
Sustainable energy relies on energy management through smart devices. Traditional electrical networks are gradually integrating advanced technology and smart grid features. The interference between different communication methods and IoT is one of these features. For smart grid implementation, the focus is on the growth of the smart metering industry. This paper compares two implemented wired and wireless smart meter systems based on different communication methods. The wired micro smart grid is based on KQ-330 power line communication, and the wireless micro smart grid is based on Bluetooth, ZigBee and GSM communication methods. A Comparison is held with performance features, such as bit error rate, latency and bandwidth. It was found that the amount of transmitted data significantly affects the time to transmit and receive data. The results show that the present study is needed for the test cases to improve the metrics sought application for the advanced future industrial system by anticipating system features.
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... The focused techniques of modern marketing have had a significant influence on the field's outcomes [15]. The significant shifts in marketing development brought about by ongoing technological breakthroughs demonstrate the mutually beneficial interaction between artificial intelligence (AI) and marketing Cutting-edge AI-powered marketing solutions show flexibility in responding to changing company requirements and provide stakeholders with important and profitable communication and solution packages [1]. For example, recommendation systems can be used on websites to improve the user's experience, as these systems know what the user or customer prefers in general or what he likes to watch in the case of movie sites (Netflix / YouTube) or online purchase sites (such as Alibaba and Amazon), Al-Furat Journal of Innovations in Electronics and Computer Engineering (FJIECE) ISSN -2708-3985 as well as displaying ads that are appropriate for the user and according to his interests (for example, Facebook and YouTube). ...
Improving the effectiveness of audience targeting in digital advertising campaigns is a key factor for companies' success in the digital age. With the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology, these campaigns have become more precise and engaging for the target audience. This paper reviews the importance of exploiting artificial intelligence tools to improve the effectiveness of digital advertising campaigns and e-marketing through improving personal targeting, big data analysis, and content personalization. The study includes a review of previous research on this topic and the various artificial intelligence tools used in this field, such as machine learning, big data analysis, and recommendation systems used in recommending products to users online while providing recommendations for improving digital targeting strategies.
span lang="EN-US">The necessity of energy management and optimization through smart devices has an essential role in sustainable energy. Smart grid features and cutting-edge technologies are progressively integrated into traditional electricity networks. One of these features is the interference between power line communications and IoT. The introduction and deployment of these grids are mainly focused on the development of the field of smart metering. A new proposed module for smart meter design within the existing infrastructure grid system using power line communication (PLC) is presented. The system will include a transmitter with a microcontroller (MCU) and numerous sensors, as well as communication channels that include PLC and an in-house powerline network, and a receiver with an MCU. The suggested system interacts with the IoT system, characterized by a free web interface showing the data directly in real-time. Based on real-world experience, this paper develops guidelines for various aspects of PLC Smart Metering network deployment via the cloud environment. The practical result of packet losses is about 0, 1, or 2 characters of received data, and the time difference between transmitter and receiver is about 5000 milliseconds for a fixed transmission line.</span
The necessity of managing energy through smart devices has become a significant issue in recent years. Though, the intelligent use of smart devices is an essential component in creating smart cities. Hence, it leads to establishing a smart grid as an infrastructure for smart cities. The smart grid infrastructure consists of smart meters, which is more reliable than digital meters for billing generation. A real-time smart meter system design is proposed and tested in this work. The measured voltage, current, and power factor for energy are multiplied every second and summed up for overall energy consumption, and this process applies to every consumer. Then, the energy consumption of each house is collected from a single region by sending them to the DCU (Data Concentrator Unit). Methods of transferring data in the proposed system consist of three technologies. The first one is the Bluetooth used between the smart socket and the smart meter. This technology was used due to the short distance between the two devices. The second one is Xbee, and it connects the smart meter and the DCU. This technology is used due to the distance between the two devices and the number of smart meters connected in one DCU. The last technology is GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications), and it is used between the DCU and the server to transfer data since this technology can cover long distances. Energy providers will have to implement innovative Time-of-Use (TOU) pricing strategies to implement the above process. A smart meter has the potential to encourage consumers to shift demand from peak hours to off-peak hours or reduce peak demand. And upon the real experiment of the system, it was found that the error rate in the voltage sensor used in the system was 0.26%, and the error rate in the current sensor used was 0.6%. These numbers indicate the reliability of the system because they are acceptable values.
The first step in upgrading the billing and metering systems available in Iraq in most areas supplied by IMOELC (the Iraqi Ministry of Electricity) is the development and application of smart meter systems. These systems are based on two-way communication between consumers and suppliers, and the smart meter approach is thus more reliable than even digital meters with regard to billing and tamper prevention, as well as allowing the government to monitor electricity consumption in an enhanced and organised way based on the information obtained from data centres. To facilitate this data exchange, a new meter was proposed and tested in real-time in a few
houses in Karbala, with the measured voltage, current, and power factors for energy multiplied every second and summed to determine energy consumption before being stored on the SD (Secure Digital) card in a backup text file in case of shutdown. The readings collected from the tested region were send to a Data Concentrator Unit (DCU) using three communication methods (Bluetooth, XBee and GSM). The data was then transferred from the DCU to the server via GSM, as GSM
offers the lowest interference and fault occurrence, making it most suitable for long-distance transfers. Bills were generated based on the readings over time, with the division by time shown on the bill to urge users to rationalise their energy use at certain times during the day. The final error in current reading was less than 8% and the error in voltage reading was less than 0.64%
This study investigates the feasibility of advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) based on narrowband power line communications (NB‐PLC) by incorporating all possible types of low voltage (LV) and medium voltage (MV) power line channels. The extensive field measurements are carried out on six selected sites that include residential, commercial, and industrial LV and MV NB‐PLC channels. On the basis of measured results, NB‐PLC channels of various under evaluation sites are segregated into two classes i.e. worst and good channels for both LV and MV networks. The simulation models for the modelling of LV and MV NB‐PLC channels by considering the practical data of measured sites are developed and thus proposed. The proposed methods are validated by comparing the measured and simulated results. A sophisticated mechanism for the modelling of LV and MV network impedances and capacitive coupling device is formulated. The proposed analyses and simulation‐based NB‐PLC channel models can play a key role in examining the characteristics of various types of NB‐PLC channels. This research work will help to standardise the future smart metering equipment and sensing devices of power system protection.
—Smart meter is an electronic device that measures the energy consumption by different time intervals, this time interval may be in minutes, hours, days or months. The proposed technology collects the data from meter and transfer that data to central database for storing data, analyzing and also monitoring the safety related issues. Moreover, it also includes the module which has provision of on demand units loading facility from the energy provider company by just sending a request SMS. The proposed design has been first implemented in software and then a prototype model has been developed, which communicates with the energy service provider for the consumed energy data through GSM network. The purpose of this paper is to present theory and implementation related to remote monitoring and controlling of the energy meter by using GSM architecture. This GSM based system enables the electricity department to get the meter readings regularly while avoiding manual meter reading. The work also enables prepaid billing, electricity management, energy saving and implements a mechanism for electricity theft detection.
Broadband power line communication (PLC) is used as a communication technique for advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) in Korea. High-speed (HS) PLC specified in ISO/IEC12139-1 and HomePlug Green PHY (HPGP) are deployed for remote metering. Recently, internet of things (IoT) PLC has been proposed for reliable communications on harsh power line channels. In this paper, the physical layer performance of IoT PLC, HPGP, and HS PLC is evaluated and compared. Three aspects of the performance are evaluated: the bit rate, power spectrum, and bit error rate (BER). An expression for the bit rate for IoT PLC and HPGP is derived while taking the padding bits and number of tones in use into consideration. The power spectrum is obtained through computer simulations. For the BER performance comparisons, the upper bound of the BER for each PLC standard is evaluated through computer simulations.
Power demand has increased over the final century, exponentially. One of the ways through which today’s energy issues can be resolved through reducing the usage of electricity in family units. The main view of paper is to propose an alternate strategy for estimating and charging of the energy consumed rather the conventional method. Advances in appropriated age and expanded commitment of sustainable power source require improvement of keen matrix (smart grid) advances. The framework of smart energy meter which is proposed here can consolidate with installed regulator and GSM module to send the information like devoured energy in KWh, produced charge, security administrations over GSM mobile network, It moreover persistently peruses the energy meter readings and consequently sends a few updates like low-balance, zero-balance alert to the enrolled number through GSM modem.
Research is all about GSM technologies which include mobile communication and
cellular technologies.
The Smart Grid is an advanced digital two-way power flow power system capable of self-healing, adaptive, resilient and sustainable with foresight for prediction under different uncertainties. In this paper, a survey on various Smart Grid enabling technologies, Smart Grid metering and communication, cloud computing in Smart Grid and Smart Grid applications are explored in detail. Opportunities and future of Smart Grid is also described in this paper. For Smart grid enabling technologies Smart meters, smart sensors, vehicle to grid, plug in hybrid electric vehicle technology, sensor and actuator networks are explored. Advanced metering infrastructure, intelligent electronic devices, phasor measurement units, wide area measurement systems, local area network, home access network, neighborhood area network, wide area networks and cloud computing are explored for Smart Grid metering and communication. Home and building automation, smart substation, feeder automation is explored for smart grid applications. Associations of initial studies for the next step in smart grid applications will provide an economic benefit for the authorities in the long term, and will help to establish standards to be compatible with every application so that all smart grid applications can be coordinated under the control of the same authorities. Therefore, this study is expected to be an important guiding source for researchers and engineers studying the smart grid. It also helps transmission and distribution system operators to follow the right path as they are transforming their classical grids to smart grids.
This paper investigates the feasibility of a smart metering architecture for modern power grids in the smart cities framework. A particular focus is made on Automatic Meter Reading, with the aim of facing some costs and safety drawbacks of current solutions (such as dependence from wireless communication providers, reliability problems in bad weather conditions, and exposition to cyber-attacks). The proposed architecture exploits power line communications (PLC) at both low and medium voltage level, thanks to new devices and an innovative medium voltage PLC coupling system. The new coupling solution and the whole smart metering architecture are experimentally verified in a wide frequency range, from CENELEC A band up to 200 kHz, by using different modulation techniques; the on-field measurement campaign has been carried out on the distribution network of Favignana Island (Mediterranean Sea). Success rate and RTT measured in real environment confirm the feasibility of the proposed solution.
The power line carrier communication system is designed based on a FSK-KQ330 (carrier modulation and demodulation module). The system uses STC microcontroller as the core processor and uses FSK-KQ330 as the modem module. The system includes the zero-crossing detecting circuit, the magnifying circuit of triodes, the resonant circuit and the transformer isolation circuit. Master-slave system can transmit data signals over power lines. It not only can apply to intelligent home system, but also can be used for the remote control of the intelligent switch and the intelligent equipment.
With the wide array of home area network (HAN) options being presented as solutions to smart grid challenges for the home, it is time to compare and contrast their strengths and weaknesses. This white paper examines leading and emerging HAN technologies. The emergence of the smart grid is bringing more networking players into the field. The need for low consistent bandwidth usage differs enough from the traditional information technology world to open the door to new technologies. The predominant players currently consist of a blend of the old and new. Within the wired world Ethernet and HomePlug Green PHY are leading the way with an advantage to HomePlug because it doesn't require installing new wires. In the wireless the realm there are many more competitors but WiFi and ZigBee seem to have the most momentum.
Power Line Data Transmission Based Remote Control with Status Feedback Using Power Line Communication
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Power Line Communications: an Implementation of a Real Time Control Architecture for Smart Grid
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Implementation of a Real Time Control Architecture for
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Evaluation of smart metering network and billing system using bluetooth, ZigBee, and Evaluation of Smart Metering Network and Billing System
- A O Abdulrida
- I B N Al-Mashhadani