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Tourisme et pacification dans les favelas de Rio de JaneiroTourism and pacification in Rio de Janeiro’s favelas
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This paper analyzes several examples of forced moving, mostly affecting the poorest people in Rio de Janeiro, while the upcoming 2014 World Cup and 2016 Olympics are approaching. If one part of the eviction process is planned by the city through various types of public policies (environmental protection, urban mobility, urban revitalization and sports equipments), there is also an "invisible" eviction process more related to the security and the gentrification in some favelas. The Human Rights defenders are focused on the city and resistance movements are growing. At a more global scale, new urban strategies and logics would lead to a redefinition of the socio-spatial organization, constantly pushing back poverty to the periphery.
Neste artigo examino a elaboração da favela carioca como atração turística, focalizando o papel desempenhado por empresários, ONGs e agentes locais nesse processo. A metodologia envolveu entrevistas em profundidade com informantes qualificados de quatro localidades (Rocinha, Morro da Babilônia, Morro dos Prazeres e Morro da Providência) e observações de campo, que incluíram participação recorrente nos tours. Postulo que a invenção desse destino turístico deve ser entendida, de um lado, no contexto de expansão dos chamados reality tours e, de outro, como parte do fenômeno de circulação e consumo, em nível global, da favela como trademark. Encerro compartilhando algumas reflexões sobre a minha experiência de pesquisa diante de um objeto de estudo tão polêmico.
While societies shape the way their cities look and are represented, urban images, in turn, nurture and structure social relations in multiple ways. Nowhere is this dialectical relationship between social processes and urban representations more visible than in the hosting of global spectacles such as the FIFA World Cup and the Olympic Games, which both embody some of society’s deepest dreams and desires. The focus of this book is the image of cities. It is not only interested in the mechanisms of urban image construction but also in the politics of such a phenomenon, especially its social impacts in terms of representation and right to the city. The book investigates the complex power relationships that underscore the production of the urban landscape and the construction and diffusion of urban images, especially in the context of urban mega-events. It uses the notion of urban image construction as a lens through which to examine the mega-event spectacle, with chapters exploring the physical, social and political dimensions of the imagineering process as well as emerging resistance to controversial initiatives. Through an analysis of event-related urban construction efforts in Rio de Janeiro and Beijing, this book examines the effects of mega-events upon the construction of an exclusive vision of urbanity. It demonstrates how mega-events are increasingly utilized by local political and economic elites to reconfigure power relations, strengthen their hold upon the urban territory and exclude vulnerable population groups. The book thus offers a critical analysis of the practice of urban image construction, and will be of interest to those working in geography, urban studies, tourism, sport studies, development studies and politics.