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Exploring the visualisation of hierarchical cybersecurity data within the Metaverse

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Abstract and Figures

A prototype Metaverse experience was created in which users could explore hierarchical cybersecurity data. A small group of participants were surveyed on their attitudes to the Metaverse. They then completed a short series of tasks in the environment. Questions were asked to assess if they were suffering from Cybersickness. After completing further tasks, their attitudes were surveyed regarding future uses of the metaverse in the organisation. A second cohort of participants attended an online seminar. They completed a survey about their attitudes to the Metaverse. They then watched a short video of the Metaverse experience. Afterwards, they answered questions related to their attitudes towards future uses of the metaverse in the organisation. The results of these questionnaires were assessed to see whether participants were receptive to the idea of working with data inside the Metaverse in the future.
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    


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

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




            





          


        

             








            

             
             

             

          
            
         

       


             



              
     

      

              



       











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











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

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




            





        





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
             
            



            



           


    
             

     
           
           





             
              

           


 

       



           






                
     

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





             

   






          



           






            

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
 
      



 


        







  

             




       
             


         


       

  

           

              


         
           
            

              

        


             




         

             
            


         
           




  




         
     


 


 

            
           





          


            
            
            
       

          


             





            
          
          








 
      
        




        



 
                


              

         
            
         



     
        
             








      



          


        




      



            








 
           

        

            
           
       
             

          








 



             
  
            

            
    
        

          






           




             
         





 


























 
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 
 
        




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
             
      
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



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             







        
             
           




      





 
    



 
       






         
            



          


        
             


    
  






   
 
 




   




 








  
  
              




  
         
            



         



              
         
         

              


       








""
""""""""

             
.uk.gov.hmrc
             
              
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example.com.
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        
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
thamesvalley.police.uk
               
             
        
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






              









            
             







            

           
           

 



             

           
         
         



  


       



            

            


        









           

             
           



     





        

           

         
          
           



             
        





              
        







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
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
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

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

              



               
          


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



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

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












        

            



         
               



             


  
       


      

 


      






        
         


             



 
           

              



       
   

            
            
    

 

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


     

               


     


    




          

            
           




        
   




              



             

            


            



         

















 








 

 


 


 


 







 













      
             
             
             
       




         


 

           












           





            




     


             
             

              

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

  
   

            


     
          
          

       







            



            

    

    
       


            










          
  





            
       



 

            

           
 




        
     





       

           




          



         








          


















           
       


        
       


 

       
            

          

            




   




          
        



 

          


            

             

              



      
       



      

        
         

           
           

  
  



        



               
           
      

           
            




            
    

             

     

            
            
 

            



          

             



   


     
          


            

             
        

          

              
         

 




  

             
           



           

    

            

              


              



       

         

         


  
         


 


          

          


  
      

           
       
       

          

            
       

          

            
        

         
        

  


           


 
          





 




             

        

          





        





         
    



          

        



      

          




          





    





 




            
     




















     

        














 
 
 
 



    


    


    
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

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
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    
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
    
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
    
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
    
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


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  

 
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






 

  






 
  






 

































 





















  

  

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

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

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
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
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
  

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  

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
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


















































  






 






 































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  




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
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
 
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
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

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








 





















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




  















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
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
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
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




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












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Likert scales are often used in visualization evaluations to produce quantitative estimates of subjective attributes, such as ease of use or aesthetic appeal. However, the methods used to collect, analyze, and visualize data collected with Likert scales are inconsistent among evaluations in visualization papers. In this paper, we examine the use of Likert scales as a tool for measuring subjective response in a systematic review of 134 visualization evaluations published between 2009 and 2019. We find that papers with both objective and subjective measures do not hold the same reporting and analysis standards for both aspects of their evaluation, producing less rigorous work for the subjective qualities measured by Likert scales. Additionally, we demonstrate that many papers are inconsistent in their interpretations of Likert data as discrete or continuous and may even sacrifice statistical power by applying nonparametric tests unnecessarily. Finally, we identify instances where key details about Likert item construction with the potential to bias participant responses are omitted from evaluation methodology reporting, inhibiting the feasibility and reliability of future replication studies. We summarize recommendations from other fields for best practices with Likert data in visualization evaluations, based on the results of our survey. A full copy of this paper and all supplementary material are available at https://osf.io/exbz8/.
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Interactive Data Visualizations (IDV) can be useful for cybersecurity subject matter experts (CSMEs) while they are exploring new data or investigating familiar datasets for anomalies, correlating events, etc. For an IDV to be useful to a CSME, interaction with that visualization should be simple and intuitive (free of additional mental tasks) and the visualization’s layout must map to a CSME’s understanding. While CSMEs may learn to interpret visualizations created by others, they should be encouraged to visualize their datasets in ways that best reflect their own ways of thinking. Developing their own visual schemes makes optimal use of both the data analysis tools and human visual cognition. In this article, we focus on a currently available interactive stereoscopically perceivable multidimensional data visualization solution, as such tools could provide CSMEs with better perception of their data compared to interpreting IDV on flat media (whether visualized as 2D or 3D structures).
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The technology acceptance model is a widely used model to investigate whether users will accept or refuse a new technology. The Metaverse is a 3D world based on virtual reality simulation to express real life. It can be considered the next generation of using the internet. In this paper, we are going to investigate variables that may affect users’ acceptance of Metaverse technology and the relationships between those variables by applying the extended technology acceptance model to investigate many factors (namely self-efficiency, social norm, perceived curiosity, perceived pleasure, and price). The goal of understanding these factors is to know how Metaverse developers might enhance this technology to meet users’ expectations and let the users interact with this technology better. To this end, a sample of 302 educated participants of different ages was chosen to answer an online Likert scale survey ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). The study found that, first, self-efficiency, perceived curiosity, and perceived pleasure positively influence perceived ease of use. Secondly, social norms, perceived pleasure, and perceived ease of use positively influences perceived usefulness. Third, perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness positively influence attitude towards Metaverse technology use, which overall will influence behavioral intention. Fourth, the relationship between price and behavioral intention was significant and negative. Finally, the study found that participants with an age of less than 20 years were the most positively accepting of Metaverse technology.
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Traditional software development methods could no longer cope with the fast-growing software development market, as well as the increasing complexity of the software being developed. Using outdated practices was no longer viable as it could lead to reduced competitiveness and losing possible revenue. Therefore, many companies have turned to implementing agile software development methods to keep up with the fast-paced market. Agile allows them to develop quickly, consistently, and in a flexible manner. However, different approaches are better suited for different projects, and, sometimes, an approach combining appropriate aspects of several other approaches is the best option. This paper describes five popular agile software development approaches of which four can be considered "pure", namely Scrum, Lean, Kanban, and Kaizen, and a hybrid approach called Scrumban. The paper then aims to assess other possible combinations of the approaches, both found in the literature and those not yet considered.