Questions of COVID-19
Abstract
Nuclear proliferation is a modern threat to global health. The field research is reorganized during the intensified derogation in the global institutional determinants of health. The spillover effect of the People's Republic of China's public health system is systematically researched and analyzed in the literature as a background to the specific questions of COVID-19. As SARS-CoV-2 incentivized the public in peeling off the information black box devised by the Communist Party of China, the research further questions into its initial strand of SARS appeared in 2002 in Guangzhou. The possible unnatural origins of the virus with HIV-1 gp41 protein structures are inferred in the research, with its pathogenic features and viral capacities. Apart from treatment strategies developed in the research, the sociostructural origins of vaccine mandates are analyzed. Circulatory system based treatment for vaccination poisoning has been clinically trialed with the author's own case. From the death toll estimations and economic losses, the research concludes that the derogation of global institutional determinants of health costs more than the World Wars and hot wars.
... The dual-track price system is the source of the Chinese power interest and not the source of corruption. The dual-track price system is a continuum from the supply-side hijacking strategy of the Communist Party of China (CPC) set by Mao Zedong, which successfully bankrupted the Kuomintang (KMT) and Republic of China's economy and economic system during the civil war in mainland [3]. The differential treatment is not exclusive to foreign persons, but more the important to the treatment of the domestic civil society in order to erect the sustainable power hierarchy. ...
... COVID-19 is a typical example of Type II error spread globally, and the consequences are evidenced to be more severe than a Type I error being sustained by disinformation [3]. The result of such an operation can be expressed as: ...
... There're only limited circulation of medicines in the Chinese public health system. Even though it was alleged that there was assuage in healthcare resource distribution regionally in Shanghai between 2010 and 2016, without the accounting for overissuing of macromoney and the effects from dual-track price system, the data interpretations merely from hospital statistics can be at most biased with Type II error if real economic purchasing power parity was not accounted for [3]. It is apparent that the Chinese policymakers have not been taking the interests of public health into account in Paxlovid availability with the price and manufacturing negotiations, apart from the information that PRC imported in bulk hydroxychloroquine in 2018 and 2019 with no local hospital even seeing the trace of the supplies [3]. ...
When one value system is used to interpret the happenings of another value system, there is a problem of definition. The research delves into the scientific basis of disinformation. With the intention to deceive, and the damages to human security, the research defines disinformation as terrorist behaviors and violence, and adopts the wording corruption from a value-orientated structure in description of a structurally designed crime. With the fundamentalism of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the right to health, the research delves into the dual-track price system in mainland China and its implications to medical resource inequality in the regional setting, and its potential impacts on the global public health institutions. It is demonstrated that disinformation can provide near-perfect advantage in a negative sum game, and render all security systems can remain as von Neumann ordinals. Furthermore, medical resource inequality in the People's Republic of China (PRC) is the result from the structural power design, with the military strategy's modern manifestations with the dual-track price system underlying its "Reform and Opening". With the consistent behavioral patterns from the power advantage perspective, authorization system construction in public health management digital systems has further increased the efficacy and cost-efficiency for the sustainable proliferation of the illicit corruption reach. The research adopts a behavioral science perspective to the problems of public health equity in PRC exemplified by the COVID-19 pandemic, and the military intentions behind disinformation on security systems are evidenced. The evidence implies that terrorism activities do not necessarily have to involve direct attacks nor physical violence.
... The dual-track price system is the source of the Chinese power interest and not the source of corruption. The dual-track price system is a continuum from the supply-side hijacking strategy of the Communist Party of China (CPC) set by Mao Zedong, which successfully bankrupted the Kuomintang (KMT) and Republic of China's economy and economic system during the civil war in mainland [3]. The differential treatment is not exclusive to foreign persons, but more the important to the treatment of the domestic civil society in order to erect the sustainable power hierarchy. ...
... COVID-19 is a typical example of Type II error spread globally, and the consequences are evidenced to be more severe than a Type I error being sustained by disinformation [3]. The result of such an operation can be expressed as: ...
... There're only limited circulation of medicines in the Chinese public health system. Even though it was alleged that there was assuage in healthcare resource distribution regionally in Shanghai between 2010 and 2016, without the accounting for overissuing of macromoney and the effects from dual-track price system, the data interpretations merely from hospital statistics can be at most biased with Type II error if real economic purchasing power parity was not accounted for [3]. It is apparent that the Chinese policymakers have not been taking the interests of public health into account in Paxlovid availability with the price and manufacturing negotiations, apart from the information that PRC imported in bulk hydroxychloroquine in 2018 and 2019 with no local hospital even seeing the trace of the supplies [3]. ...
UNSTRUCTURED
When one value system is used to interpret the happenings of another value system, there is a problem of definition. The research delves into the scientific basis of disinformation. With the intention to deceive, and the damages to human security, the research defines disinformation as terrorist behaviors and violence, and adopts the wording corruption from a value-orientated structure in description of a structurally designed crime. With the fundamentalism of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the right to health, the research delves into the dual-track price system in mainland China and its implications to medical resource inequality in the regional setting, and its potential impacts on the global public health institutions. It is demonstrated that disinformation can provide near-perfect advantage in a negative sum game, and render all security systems can remain as von Neumann ordinals. Furthermore, medical resource inequality in the People's Republic of China (PRC) is the result from the structural power design, with the military strategy's modern manifestations with the dual-track price system underlying its "Reform and Opening". With the consistent behavioral patterns from the power advantage perspective, authorization system construction in public health management digital systems has further increased the efficacy and cost-efficiency for the sustainable proliferation of the illicit corruption reach. The research adopts a behavioral science perspective to the problems of public health equity in PRC exemplified by the COVID-19 pandemic, and the military intentions behind disinformation on security systems are evidenced. The evidence implies that terrorism activities do not necessarily have to involve direct attacks nor physical violence.
... The militarization approach of marriage laws with multilateralism and the historic symbolifications of power in marital relationships with the dictator are the same Machiavellian projection of cisgender heterosexual male power over the territorially controlled population and is reflected in the historic Chinese homosexual Tongzhi (literally -Comrade‖) movement [11,12]. Not only is it reflected in the double-standard historic -hooligan law‖ in PRC, the subtleties of the effects are distributed in the economic and financial realm under the current -military civil fusion‖ strategy [13,14]. ...
The article summarizes the neo-Nazist and fascist element of the "marriage law" construct of the PRC dictatorial regime with multilateralism and globalization. Albeit the politicization of sex, marriage, and family is non-gender-and-sexuality specific, its impact is asymmetric in gender & sexuality groups. Apart from some previous social surveys which has become experience, media psychology is the main method in the research with the cisgender homosexual psychoanalytic background in the shaping and constant reshaping of the self in the ego-centric dictatorial semantic environment. The purpose of the research was to change the governmental incentives but with the biophysical dissections of dictatorial chains, sexism was used for human trafficker conversions, and retributive justice was used for counter-measurement. Counter-transference on the neo-Nazist and fascist state of mind was conducted with quantum physics approach to cosmology, thermonuclear astrochemistry & astrophysics with the permeative cyber calculation environment. Queer theology was adapted for sexual and mental health in the marriage process combined with the cisgender homosexual solution to Freudian psychology. Cisgender resilience was aided by my husband John Pachankis with his clinical experience & practices. The research concludes that PRC seeks to establish a monolithic cisgender dominance in the United Nations Security Council.
... Practice from mandated vaccinations emerged numerous sudden deaths that reasonably raised doubts from the ethical medicare professionals. SARS-CoV series are still categorized as respiratory viruses despite of the contradictory evidences from its nuclear structure, pathogenesis etc. [5][6][7]. If SARS-CoV-2 vaccination was effective from its designs, why post-vaccination sudden deaths mainly symptomize from acute myocarditis; if they weren't effective, why antibodies exist in post-vaccination myocarditis cases [8][9][10]. ...
Background: The completed interventional trial was conceived from the phenomena of COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) post-vaccination adverse events. The accumulated evidence has proven the null hypothesis with significant results that falsify the predominant belief in the vaccination method. The alternative hypothesis is adjusted with proton equilibrium and sebaceous immunobiology's correlations with immune reflex.
Methods: The sole-participant interventional trial compared the main medicines in myocarditis treatment from Nifedipine to Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor (ACEI) and Angiotensin Receptor-Neprilysin Inhibitor (ANRI) with increasing power level. T values and Z statistics are calculated for statistical analysis, and the introduction of proton-pump inhibitor is uncertain with the case’s neurodivergent conditions.
Result: Inter-ACEI comparison suggests the introduction of beta blockers regulated the immune reflex through heart rate with the blood-borne pathogen. ANRI superiority suggests S2 pathogens can be more severe without S1 constraints, and raises alerts on SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2) mutational directions from Omicron. Historic data from the participant after the second COVID-19 vaccine shot recorded the viral entry through Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C).
Discussion: The study protocol with data refers to SARS-CoV-2’s S2 infection concentration and viral characteristics in LDL-C in human host. It is highly probable that S2 pathogen starts with LDL-C in vaccine poisoning. It is possible that HDL-C levels are responsible for the cytokine storms in neurologically infected cases. The placebo effect is maximized by the vaccine mandates, and the mass psychological biases need time to be narrowed down.
Trial registration: The study protocol is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov with the identifier number NCT05711810. Following trial on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis is registered with the identifier number NCT05930912.
This article outlines the risks of broad neurocognitive warfare among advanced nations as new kind of 21st century conflict which is invisible, silent and devastating.
Background:
Cases of adolescents and young adults developing myocarditis after vaccination with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-targeted mRNA vaccines have been reported globally, but the underlying immunoprofiles of these individuals have not been described in detail.
Methods:
From January 2021 through February 2022, we prospectively collected blood from 16 patients who were hospitalized at Massachusetts General for Children or Boston Children's Hospital for myocarditis, presenting with chest pain with elevated cardiac troponin T after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. We performed extensive antibody profiling, including tests for SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral responses and assessment for autoantibodies or antibodies against the human-relevant virome, SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell analysis, and cytokine and SARS-CoV-2 antigen profiling. Results were compared with those from 45 healthy, asymptomatic, age-matched vaccinated control subjects.
Results:
Extensive antibody profiling and T-cell responses in the individuals who developed postvaccine myocarditis were essentially indistinguishable from those of vaccinated control subjects, despite a modest increase in cytokine production. A notable finding was that markedly elevated levels of full-length spike protein (33.9±22.4 pg/mL), unbound by antibodies, were detected in the plasma of individuals with postvaccine myocarditis, whereas no free spike was detected in asymptomatic vaccinated control subjects (unpaired t test; P<0.0001).
Conclusions:
Immunoprofiling of vaccinated adolescents and young adults revealed that the mRNA vaccine-induced immune responses did not differ between individuals who developed myocarditis and individuals who did not. However, free spike antigen was detected in the blood of adolescents and young adults who developed post-mRNA vaccine myocarditis, advancing insight into its potential underlying cause.
The article revisits the psychoanalytic process on the solution of Oedipus Complex in cisgender homosexual male in the context of dictatorial regime. It adopted a consciousness approach to the differentiation of psychological process of others and the self-inductive process of the pediatric solution to the cisgender-sexuality dichotomy. The original triangulation analogy of ménage à trois is explained in the healing of heterosexual exposures to dictatorial assertions on the familial structures, with initial findings of cyber-based media psychological intrusions from the communist propaganda generation mechanisms to the global economy. The article uses a comparative historic analysis method with sociology of knowledge in the context of marginalization of LGBTQIA persons from the existence of public consciousness. It differentiates the normative sexuality from the politicization of sexuality in creating forced identity. Brief explanations of the media psychology intrusions with cyber security concerns are included. With the Gestalt psychoanalysis in the solutions to cisgenderism and homosexuality, ménage à trois is justified on the differentiated growth paths of triangulation in cisgender persons for non-heterosexual identities with intimacy and affection in a familial structure.
The reformulated paper after the proceeding of the NCWMC 2022 recovers some previous manuscripts intercepted by the PLA of PRC for covert military operations with intrusions in global investment and financial systems. The crimes are analytically conducted through cloud servers and I/O for intelligence gathering. The information contained in the manuscripts with THEIR informatics not only could have led to further economic-financial surrogation of the PLA in American economy with investments, but also threats American national security through ontological calculation frameworks with artificial intelligence and further calculative power assertions-apart from the threats of outer space peace and security. It can be the reason behind the black hole and white hole observational results with the signal-satellite-information approach to general relativity manuscripts. A preliminary conception for defense strategy is proposed with previous insights and post facto security breaches to USA Space Command directly and national security conductively.
I used my iPhone 6P with a phone lens set with micro-lenses. I applied the simple LED light on the bottle with an angle to the opposite direction of the camera, and recorded the metallic particle movements in the drinking water.
My mom just reminded me not to open the windows tonight.
The article reviews on the technical attributes on current technologies deployed in outer space and those that are being developed and mass produced. The article refutes the Chinese state-controlled Xinhua News’ propaganda several years ago on objecting America’s deployment of nuclear technologies in outer space with rigorous scientific evidence. Furthermore, the article warns on the dangers of physical signals applied in outer space technologies that can threaten the solar system, especially the Mozi quantum satellite with photon beams. The article concludes with the illicit practices by the Chinese state party with militant ambitions in the supposedly scientific institutions. It violates the spirit on the peaceful use of outer space, and goes against the 2222 (XXI) resolution adopted by the general assembly, including the 1967 Outer Space Treaty banning the stationing of weapons of mass destruction in outer space.
Contemporary globalization is largely shaped by the predominant position and strength of the United States, and the concept of globalization is cast upon the polity and social aspects of P.R. China after Reform and Opening. Globalization, though substantially varied in a modern scene, is not without historical and cultural roots. The future holds anew, whereas newly arisen pieces of knowledge and information shed new light on the past, the blood and violence of the political progress on the Chinese soil. This paper digs into the interactive aspect of the Chinese civilization with Western Civilization, and an empirical understanding on the evolvement of the country / nation to the recent shaping, with implication of which might change the dynamic of the Asian area after the global power politics whereof after World War II.
The paper summarizes the research the author conducted under the individually targetable mass surveillance systems of the P. R. China dictatorial regime with cyber sovereignty claims. In the complexities of cyber security and mass surveillance, the author adopted natural epistemology in counteracting dictatorial power influences for the resilience for democratic formation and for scientific research security from being utilized by autocratic power ambitions. The research generated some qualitative aspects of evidence and analysis on the dictatorial and autocratic power imposition via market incrementalism that impacts on international relations. The document also serves as a supplement to the author’s astronomical researches. Even though the astronomical researches primarily served for the author’s mental and psychological health, the a posteriori confirmation and analysis with empirical researches in white hole and black hole gradually becomes of the author’s scientific priority. Both the astronomical and social science researches suggest, even with the growing emphasis on data in the STEM and social sciences, without proper values and scientific rigor, the growing popularity in big data may risk of a bubble economy in modern science.
Modern and contemporary politics of P. R. China contain many elements similar to neo-Nazism if not anti-communist.The derivation from Communist doctrines was a less-known debate inside the CPC party leadership soon after the declaration on the founding of People’s Republic of China -notably between Mao, Zedong and the state leadership which resulted in the criminalization of the first president Liu, Shaoqi. The researcher, as a self-identified cisgender homosexual male and Christian, observed the cultural revisionist developments of the P. R. C. regime from early childhood to date. The article enumerates some elements of the Chinese culture’s characteristics in taming and eliminating psychological and social identity formation that constitutes the regime stability in its dictatorial diplomatic rhetorics. It adopts the Christian theology and queer theology in a Gestalt recombination for the non-identity problem albeit with predominant militarization of religion approaches by the “United Front Working Group” for populist enslavement. The article hypothesizes a receptive psychosocial identity from such population in general, and the similar for Buddhist cultural origins. With the influences of designed propaganda media in media psychology, the political responses in mass psychological phenomena from the suppressed regime is considered to be a reflection on their inner senses of helplessness from the active and reactive failures of identity formation. The amplification of such phenomena is contributed by the nationalism propagandas and a gaslighting technique applied toInternational relations, which results in subjectiveStockholm syndrome in some portions of the population.Relative intersubjectivity and absolute personal identity will be discussed in the conclusions, and its implications to dictatorial politics.
Traditional paradigm on marriage equality focused on a humanitarian appeal and was set as a path dependency model on marriage equality for the suppressed regions. However, such gender based focus has largely neglected the multilateral movements underlying the macro-political-economic structures that shaped law as a power political means. Consequentially, LGBTQI existence became marginalized from the public consciousness with structural realist state hierarchies that further undermines the fundamental freedoms of the LGBTQI population. This makes the question on LGBTQI equal marriage from a simple humanitarian value based discourse to a macro-political-economy question. The article adopts the Maslow’s hierarchy of needs as the analytical framework on the developing country as the People’s Republic of China (PRC) in relation to multilateralism and global economy on the necessity to legalize LGBTQI marriage.
Does the creation of nominally democratic institutions help dictators stay in power by diminishing the risk of coups? We posit that the effectiveness of political institutions in deterring coups crucially depends on the types of plotters and their political goals. By providing a means to address the ruling coalition’s primary concerns about a dictator’s opportunism or incompetence, institutions reduce the necessity of reshuffling coups, in which the ruling coalition replaces an incumbent leader but keeps the regime intact. However, such institutions do not diminish the risk of regime-changing coups, because the plotters’ goals of overthrowing the entire regime and changing the group of ruling coalition are not achievable via activities within the institutions. Our empirical analysis provides strong empirical support for our expectations. Our findings highlight that the role of “democratic” institutions in deterring coups is rather limited as it only applies to less than 38% of coup attempts.
With the availability of widespread SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, high-throughput quantitative anti-spike serological testing will likely become increasingly important. Here, we investigated the performance characteristics of the recently FDA authorized semi-quantitative anti-spike AdviseDx SARS-CoV-2 IgG II assay compared to the FDA authorized anti-nucleocapsid Abbott Architect SARS-CoV-2 IgG, Roche elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2-S, EuroImmun Anti-SARS-CoV-2 ELISA, and GenScript surrogate virus neutralization assays and examined the humoral response associated with vaccination, natural protection, and breakthrough infection. The AdviseDx assay had a clinical sensitivity at 14 days post-symptom onset or 10 days post PCR detection of 95.6% (65/68, 95% CI: 87.8-98.8%) with two discrepant individuals seroconverting shortly thereafter. The AdviseDx assay demonstrated 100% positive percent agreement with the four other assays examined using the same symptom onset or PCR detection cutoffs. Using a recently available WHO International Standard for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody, we provide assay unit conversion factors to international units for each of the assays examined. We performed a longitudinal survey of healthy vaccinated individuals, finding median AdviseDx immunoglobulin levels peaked seven weeks post-first vaccine dose at approximately 4,000 IU/mL. Intriguingly, among the five assays examined, there was no significant difference in antigen binding level or neutralizing activity between two seropositive patients protected against SARS-CoV-2 infection in a previously described fishing vessel outbreak and five healthcare workers who experienced vaccine breakthrough of SARS-CoV-2 infection – all with variants of concern. These findings suggest that protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection cannot currently be predicted exclusively using in vitro antibody assays against wildtype SARS-CoV-2 spike. Further work is required to establish protective correlates for SARS-CoV-2 infection.
In the maritime sector, the integration of radar systems, Automatic Identification System (AIS) and Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS) through digital technologies enables several benefits to maritime operations, but also make ships prone to cyberattacks. In this context, this work investigates the feasibility of an attacker using a radar system or AIS as open door to remotely send commands to a cyber threat hosted on a ship, even if the ship’s systems are air gapped—i.e., are not connected to other networks. The received commands are intended to trigger a cyber threat located in the ship. Although the literature covers several analyzes on cyber risks and vulnerabilities in naval systems, it lacks exploiting mechanisms capable of acknowledging attack commands received through radar and AIS. To this end, this work proposes a triggering mechanism that uses a template matching technique to detect specific patterns transmitted by the attacker to the ship’s radar or AIS. The results show the effectiveness of the proposed technique as a tool to acknowledge the received attack commands and activate a malicious code previously installed on the ship. In the case of attacks on a radar system, the accuracy achieved by the proposed method is 0.90. In the case of attacks on an AIS/ECDIS setup it presents an accuracy of 0.93. In both cases the proposed mechanism maintains the due safety against accidental attack activations.
Humans are unique in their ability to think about themselves and carry a more or less clear notion of who they are in their mind. Here we review recent evidence suggesting that the birth, maintenance, and loss of the abstract concept of ‘self’ is deeply tied to interoception, the sense of internal physiological signals. Interoception influences multiple facets of the self-concept, cutting across its material, social, moral, and agentive components. Overall, we argue that interoception contributes to the stability of the self-concept over time, unifying its layers and constraining the degree to which it is susceptible to external influences. Hence, the core features of the self-concept are those that correlate more with inner bodily states. We discuss the implications that this may have for theories of embodied cognition as well as for the understanding of psychiatric disorders in which the concept of self appears fragmented or loose. Finally, we formulate some empirical predictions that could be tested in future studies to shed further light on this emerging field.
Pharmacological inhibition of vacuolar-type H⁺-ATPase (V-ATPase) by its specific inhibitor can abrogate tumor metastasis, prevent autophagy, and reduce cellular signaling responses. Bafilomycin A1, a member of macrolide antibiotics and an autophagy inhibitor, serves as a specific and potent V-ATPases inhibitor. Although there are many V-ATPase structures reported, the molecular basis of specific inhibitors on V-ATPase remains unknown. Here, we report the cryo-EM structure of bafilomycin A1 bound intact bovine V-ATPase at an overall resolution of 3.6-Å. The structure reveals six bafilomycin A1 molecules bound to the c-ring. One bafilomycin A1 molecule engages with two c subunits and disrupts the interactions between the c-ring and subunit a, thereby preventing proton translocation. Structural and sequence analyses demonstrate that the bafilomycin A1-binding residues are conserved in yeast and mammalian species and the 7’-hydroxyl group of bafilomycin A1 acts as a unique feature recognized by subunit c.
Scientific publications have become the currency of Academia, hence the concept of ‘publish or perish’. But there are consequences: the amount of existing literature and its proliferation rate have reached the point where keeping pace is just impossible. If this is true in general, it becomes a huge issue in interdisciplinary fields such as bioethics where knowing the state of the art in more than one single discipline is a concrete necessity. If we accept the idea of building new science on an exhaustive comprehension of existing knowledge, a radical change is needed. Smart iterative search strategies, frequency analysis and text mining, techniques described in this paper, can't be a long run solution. But they might serve as a useful coping strategy.
AimThe COVID-19 pandemic caused by infection with the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is urging the scientific community worldwide to intense efforts for identifying and developing effective drugs and pharmacologic strategies to treat the disease. Many of the drugs that are currently in (pre)clinical development are addressing late symptoms of the disease. This review focuses on potential pharmacologic intervention at an early stage of infection which could result in less-infected individuals and less cases with severe COVID-19 disease due to reduced virus entry into the cells.Method
We scanned the literature for evidence on drugs that target the virus entry machinery into host cells and consist mainly of ACE2 and TMPRSS2, as well as other cellular molecules regulating ACE2 expression, such as ADAM-17 and calmodulin.ResultsSeveral drugs/drug classes have been identified. Most of them are already used clinically for other indications. They include recombinant soluble ACE2, indirect ACE2 modulators (angiotensin receptor blockers, calmodulin antagonists, selective oestrogen receptor modifiers), TMPRSS2 inhibitors (camostat mesylate, nafamostat mesylate, antiandrogens, inhaled corticosteroids) and ADAM-17 enhancers (5-fluorouracil).Conclusion
Several agents have potential for prophylactic and therapeutic intervention at the early stages of SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease and they should be urgently investigated further in appropriate preclinical models and clinical studies.
Recently, quantum formalism started to be actively used outside of quantum physics: in psychology, decision-making, economics, finances, and social science. Human psychological behavior is characterized by a few basic effects; one of them is the question order effect (QOE). This effect was successfully modeled (Busemeyer–Wang) by representing questions A and B by Hermitian observables and mental-state transformations (back action of answering) by orthogonal projectors. However, then it was demonstrated that such representation cannot be combined with another psychological effect, known as the response replicability effect (RRE). Later, this no-go result was generalized to representation of questions and state transformations by quantum instruments of the atomic type. In light of these results, the possibility of using quantum formalism in psychology was questioned. In this paper, we show that, nevertheless, the combination of the QOE and RRE can be modeled within quantum formalism, in the framework of theory of non-atomic quantum instruments.
This paper critically examines the historical conceptualization of cognitive behavioral psychotherapy approaches (CBT) as a direct clinical counterpart of the cognitive revolution. The main “second wave” cognitive psychotherapies, either standard cognitive therapy (CT) or constructivist, in spite of their differences, share a common conceptualization of psychopathological factors as superordinate structural cognitive content belonging to the self: self-beliefs, self-schemata, personality organizations and so on. On the other hand, rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT) is an exception given that in REBT self-knowledge is not the core psychopathological tenet, being rather a derivate mechanism. Moreover, in non clinical cognitive science cognition is conceived as a regulatory function that operates retroactively and not in a hierarchically super- ordered fashion centered on the self. A historical review suggests that in both CT and constructivist model the structuralistic model of self-centered cognition may have emerged for both cultural and scientific reasons: self-centered cognitive models may be more readily understandable to clinicians as they allow for a straightforward identification of operationalizable self-beliefs. The emergence of new “third wave” process-centered CBT approaches may represent a comeback to functionalism, where cognition is considered again a regulatory function and not a structure. In addition, REBT’s interest in dysfunctional evaluations not focused on the self presaged this clinical and scientific turning point toward functionalism.
This paper outlines how the digital currency and network technology of bitcoin functions and explores the context from which it emerged. Bitcoin was conceived in 2008 as an attempt to alleviate trust in government and banks which was at a low during this period of financial crisis. However, with bitcoin trust does not dissipate, rather it shifts. Trust moves from trust in banks or states to trust in algorithms and encryption software. There is a move from conventional trust in the gold standard—“In Gold We Trust”—to the trust announced on U.S. currency—“In God We Trust”—to trust in software and networks—“In Digital We Trust”. The hyperbole of bitcoin discourse is deemed to be an expression of the Californian Ideology, which itself often conceals a right-wing agenda. The paper analyses the hype behind the celebration of decentralised digital networks. It proposes that a form of network fetishism operates here. The failure of bitcoin as a currency (rather than as a hoarded commodity in an emergent bubble) and as an idea might be attributed to the failure to see how ultra-modern digital networks conceal very traditional consolidation of power and capital. The rise and fall of bitcoin, in terms of its original ambition, serves as a cautionary tale in the digital age—it reveals how ingenious innovations that might challenge power and the consolidation of capital become co-opted and colonised by capital. Finally, the paper offers a discussion of the possible progressive uses of the digital technology bitcoin has facilitated.
Organ transplantation has progressed tremendously with improvements in surgical methods, organ preservation, and pharmaco-immunologic therapies and has become a critical pathway in the management of severe organ failure worldwide. The major sources of organs are deceased donors after brain death; however, a substantial number of organs come from live donations, and a significant number can also be obtained from non-heart-beating donors. Yet, despite progress in medical, pharmacologic, and surgical techniques, the shortage of organs is a worldwide problem that needs to be addressed internationally at the highest possible levels. This particular field involves medical ethics, religion, and society behavior and beliefs. Some of the critical ethical issues that require aggressive interference are organ trafficking, payments for organs, and the delicate balance in live donations between the benefit to the recipient and the possible harm to the donor and others. A major issue in organ transplantation is the definition of death and particularly brain death. Another major critical factor is the internal tendency of a specific society to donate organs. In the review below, we will discuss the various challenges that face organ donation worldwide, and particularly in Israel, and some proposed mechanisms to overcome this difficulty.
Significance
Because of the tight fit of the large human neonate through the narrow maternal birth canal, childbirth is remarkably difficult. In this study we show that the dimensions of head, stature, and pelvis in a human body are linked in a complex way that was not recognized before and that contributes to ameliorate this tight fit. We show that females with a large head possess a birth canal that can better accommodate large-headed neonates. Because mothers with large heads usually give birth to neonates with large heads, the detected pattern of covariation contributes to ease childbirth and has likely evolved in response to strong selection.
Magnetoencephalography (MEG) non-invasively measures the magnetic field generated due to the excitatory postsynaptic electrical activity of the apical dendritic pyramidal cells. Such a tiny magnetic field is measured with the help of the biomagnetometer sensors coupled with the Super Conducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID) inside the magnetically shielded room (MSR). The subjects are usually screened for the presence of ferromagnetic materials, and then the head position indicator coils, electroencephalography (EEG) electrodes (if measured simultaneously), and fiducials are digitized using a 3D digitizer, which aids in movement correction and also in transferring the MEG data from the head coordinates to the device and voxel coordinates, thereby enabling more accurate co-registration and localization. MEG data pre-processing involves filtering the data for environmental and subject interferences, artefact identification, and rejection. Magnetic resonance Imaging (MRI) is processed for correction and identifying fiducials. After choosing and computing for the appropriate head models (spherical or realistic; boundary/finite element model), the interictal/ictal epileptiform discharges are selected and modeled by an appropriate source modeling technique (clinically and commonly used - single equivalent current dipole - ECD model). The equivalent current dipole (ECD) source localization of the modeled interictal epileptiform discharge (IED) is considered physiologically valid or acceptable based on waveform morphology, isofield pattern, and dipole parameters (localization, dipole moment, confidence volume, goodness of fit). Thus, MEG source localization can aid clinicians in sublobar localization, lateralization, and grid placement, by evoking the irritative/seizure onset zone. It also accurately localizes the eloquent cortex-like visual, language areas. MEG also aids in diagnosing and delineating multiple novel findings in other neuropsychiatric disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinsonism, Traumatic brain injury, autistic disorders, and so oon.
Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is the measurement of the magnetic field generated by the electrical activity of neurons. It is usually combined with a magnetic resonance imaging to get what is called magnetic source imaging. The technology that has helped record these minute magnetic fields is super-conducting quantum interference detector which is like a highly sensitive magnetic field meter. To attenuate the external magnetic noise the MEG is housed inside a magnetically shielded room. The actual sensors recording magnetic fields are magnetometers and/or gradiometers. MEG fields pass through the head without any distortion. This is a significant advantage of MEG over electroencephalography. MEG provides a high spatial and temporal resolution. The recording and identification information should be according to the American Clinical Magnetoencephalography Society guidelines published in 2011. MEG currently has two approved indications in the United States, one is for pre-operative brain mapping and the other is for use in epilepsy surgery. MEG studies have shown functional brain tissue inside brain tumors.
Magnetoencephalography and electroencephalography (M/EEG) measure the weak electromagnetic signals generated by neuronal activity in the brain. Using these signals to characterize and locate neural activation in the brain is a challenge that requires expertise in physics, signal processing, statistics, and numerical methods. As part of the MNE software suite, MNE-Python is an open-source software package that addresses this challenge by providing state-of-the-art algorithms implemented in Python that cover multiple methods of data preprocessing, source localization, statistical analysis, and estimation of functional connectivity between distributed brain regions. All algorithms and utility functions are implemented in a consistent manner with well-documented interfaces, enabling users to create M/EEG data analysis pipelines by writing Python scripts. Moreover, MNE-Python is tightly integrated with the core Python libraries for scientific comptutation (NumPy, SciPy) and visualization (matplotlib and Mayavi), as well as the greater neuroimaging ecosystem in Python via the Nibabel package. The code is provided under the new BSD license allowing code reuse, even in commercial products. Although MNE-Python has only been under heavy development for a couple of years, it has rapidly evolved with expanded analysis capabilities and pedagogical tutorials because multiple labs have collaborated during code development to help share best practices. MNE-Python also gives easy access to preprocessed datasets, helping users to get started quickly and facilitating reproducibility of methods by other researchers. Full documentation, including dozens of examples, is available at http://martinos.org/mne.
In this paper, I closely examine classical psychoanalytic theory on the female oedipal complex in order to shed light on same-sex object choice. Given that the mother is the first love object for the girl as well as for the boy, the girl's object relational constellation centrally involves the experience of homoeroticism as well as heteroeroticism. Yet, it remains a question as to whether a mother can see her daughter as a sexual subject; can mother–daughter homoerotic desire be experienced and validated by the mother? That a girl desires her mother is generally not seen or registered by the mother; it remains an unrecognized desire.I suggest that the obscuring of female desire has to do centrally with the fate of eroticism in the early mother–daughter relationship. I propose relabeling the “negative oedipal complex” in girls as “the primary maternal oedipal situation.” Issues involving invisibility or stigmatization of one's erotic desire likely pose a significant challenge to the self–esteem of many lesbians. It is important in clinical work with lesbian patients to be open to a complex interweaving of developmental experiences, varying with each individual, some of which may have been damaging to, and others strengthening of, female sexuality.
The ultrastructure of the compound eyes of scorpionflies Sinopanorpa tincta (Navás, 1931), Panorpa liui Hua, 1997 and Panorpa sexspinosa Cheng, 1949 in Panorpidae were comparatively investigated using transmission electron microscopy. Their compound eyes share the following characters: each ommatidium possesses a corneal lens, a eucone tetrapartite crystalline cone surrounded by a pair of primary pigment cells, and eight retinula cells. Seven retinula cells (R1-R7) are in contact with the crystalline cone and extend to the basal lamina, but the eighth retinula cell (R8) is only restricted to the basal level of the ommatidium. The rhabdomeres of cells R1-R7 form a centrally fused rhabdom that almost spans the full length of the ommatidium, and that of R8 only contributes to the basal part of the rhabdom. The distal part of the rhabdom projects upward into the region between the cone cell tips and force the cone cells to split apart into four thin cone cell roots that run along a narrow intercellular gap between adjacent retinula cells. The number of secondary pigment cells varies from 12 in P. liui to 16 in P. sexspinosa and S. tincta. Based on the dissimilarity of the imaginal and larval ommatidial structure, the imaginal compound eyes are very unlikely to be directly developed from the larval compound eyes in the Panorpidae.
The article summarizes the neo-Nazist and fascist element of the "marriage law" construct of the PRC dictatorial regime with multilateralism and globalization. Albeit the politicization of sex, marriage, and family is non-gender-and-sexuality specific, its impact is asymmetric in gender & sexuality groups. Apart from some previous social surveys which has become experience, media psychology is the main method in the research with the cisgender homosexual psychoanalytic background in the shaping and constant reshaping of the self in the ego-centric dictatorial semantic environment. The purpose of the research was to change the governmental incentives but with the biophysical dissections of dictatorial chains, sexism was used for human trafficker conversions and retributive justice was used for counter-measurement. Counter-transference on the neo-Nazist and fascist state of mind was conducted with quantum physics approach to cosmology, thermonuclear astrochemistry & astrophysics with the permeative cyber calculation environment. Queer theology was adapted for sexual and mental health in the marriage process combined with the cisgender homosexual solution to Freudian psychology. Cisgender resilience was aided by my husband John Pachankis with his clinical experience & practices. The research concludes that PRC seeks to establish a monolithic cisgender dominance in the United Nations Security Council.
Commentators say we have entered a “post-truth” era. As political lies and “fake news” flourish, citizens appear not only to believe misinformation, but also to condone misinformation they do not believe. The present article reviews recent research on three psychological factors that encourage people to condone misinformation: partisanship, imagination, and repetition. Each factor relates to a hallmark of “post-truth” society: political polarization, leaders who push “alterative facts,” and technology that amplifies disinformation. By lowering moral standards, convincing people that a lie’s “gist” is true, or dulling affective reactions, these factors not only reduce moral condemnation of misinformation, but can also amplify partisan disagreement. We discuss implications for reducing the spread of misinformation.
The legal basis of what's known as the "dead donor rule" (DDR), which requires that donors must be dead according to legal criteria, is rooted in physicians' fears of civil and criminal liability for participating in organ retrieval and donation. This article suggests that one reason to revisit the DDR is to help illuminate possible legal ways to retrieve and donate organs. Specifically, this article considers one of these: medically justifiable homicide, which is legally and ethically distinct from murder and wrongful death.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly transmissible and pathogenic coronavirus that emerged in late 2019 and has caused a pandemic of acute respiratory disease, named ‘coronavirus disease 2019’ (COVID-19), which threatens human health and public safety. In this Review, we describe the basic virology of SARS-CoV-2, including genomic characteristics and receptor use, highlighting its key difference from previously known coronaviruses. We summarize current knowledge of clinical, epidemiological and pathological features of COVID-19, as well as recent progress in animal models and antiviral treatment approaches for SARS-CoV-2 infection. We also discuss the potential wildlife hosts and zoonotic origin of this emerging virus in detail. In this Review, Shi and colleagues summarize the exceptional amount of research that has characterized acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) since this virus has swept around the globe. They discuss what we know so far about the emergence and virology of SARS-CoV-2 and the pathogenesis and treatment of COVID-19.
Significance
Experiencing poverty early in life is associated with continued risk for mental and physical health problems in childhood and adulthood. As such, it is important to understand the mechanisms by which poverty contributes to lasting risk for poor developmental outcomes. Here we use longitudinal prospectively acquired data starting in preschool to demonstrate that early poverty is associated with disruptions in developmental testosterone trajectories and hippocampal volume growth across school age and adolescent development, as well as with greater emotion dysregulation and depression in adolescence. Further, we provide evidence that such disruptions in hormonal and brain development are part of the pathway linking poverty to subsequent problems with emotion regulation and depression.
Understanding the mechanism for electrochemical water-oxidation is important for the development of more efficient catalysts for artificial photosynthesis. A basic step is the proton-coupled electron transfer, which enables accumulation of oxidizing equivalents without buildup of a charge. We find that substituting deuterium for hydrogen resulted in an 87% decrease in the catalytic activity for water oxidation on Co-based amorphous-oxide catalysts at neutral pH, while ¹⁶O-to-¹⁸O substitution lead to a 10% decrease. In-situ visible and quasi-in-situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy reveals that this isotopic substitution induces an equilibrium isotope effect that shifts the oxidation potentials positively by approximately 60 mV for the proton coupled CoII/III and CoIII/IV electron transfer processes. Time-resolved spectroelectrochemical measurements indicate the absence of a kinetic isotope effect, implying that the precatalytic proton-coupled electron transfer happens through a stepwise mechanism in which electron transfer is rate-determining. An observed correlation between Co-oxidation states and catalytic current for both isotopic conditions indicates that the applied potential has no direct effect on the catalytic rate, which instead depends exponentially on the average Co oxidation state. These combined results provide evidence that neither proton nor electron transfer is involved in the catalytic rate-determining step. We propose a mechanism with an active species composed by two adjacent CoIV atoms and a rate-determining step that involves oxygen-oxygen bond formation and compare it with models proposed in literature.
Realism in the past has concentrated on what has conventionally been accepted as the location of power — initially, the state, and subsequently the power inherent in markets and in economic productive capacity. The ‘new realism’ calls past conventions into question and asks about the real nature of power relations in the late twentieth century. The conventional view did not enquire into the social construction of power, how some power relations come to be accepted as ‘natural’ and thus ignored or obscured in a focus upon those institutions which are accepted as embodying power. The new realism has as one of its tasks to demystify conventional thinking about power, to expose what has been hidden or obscured so that our understanding of actual — and future — power relations is more accurate.
A common culture seems to be neither a necessary nor a sufficient condition for multilateralism. The revival of Islam, Confucianism, and Slavic-Orthodoxy as forces shaping world politics, for example, need not lead to conflict simply because they are different from the Western traditions. In fact, the dominance of the European culture in international politics over the past centuries has not produced a Golden Age of multilateralism. The prevalent belief embedded in that culture in the supremacy of state sovereignty and in the legitimacy of using force to solve international problems has had exactly the opposite effect.
In one of Tom Stoppard’s serious-but-funny plays, titled Travesties (1974), three well-known men all found themselves in a Zurich library in the middle of the First World War. Each epitomised a transition between an old, disappearing world and a new, as yet unrealised one. In politics, Lenin was in transition between nineteenth century capitalism and revolutionary socialism; in literature, James Joyce was a literary revolutionary, experimenting with a transition to a new form of descriptive writing. And in art, Tristan Tzara, founder of Dada, was in transition between nineteenth century realism (however modified by the Impressionists) and the abstract art forms of the twentieth century. The play is also about conflicting perceptions of identity; of what is reality and what is a travesty of reality; and what is, and is not, revolutionary.
A search for muon neutrinos originating from dark matter annihilations in the Sun is performed using the data recorded by the ANTARES neutrino telescope from 2007 to 2012. In order to obtain the best possible sensitivities to dark matter signals, an optimisation of the event selection criteria is performed taking into account the background of atmospheric muons, atmospheric neutrinos and the energy spectra of the expected neutrino signals. No significant excess over the background is observed and 90% C.L. upper limits on the neutrino flux, the spin-dependent and spin-independent WIMP-nucleon cross-sections are derived for WIMP masses ranging from 50 GeV to 5 TeV for the annihilation channels WIMP + WIMP -> b (b) over bar, W+W- and tau(+)tau(-).
Limited attention has been focused on globalization and disability, and within this realm, the link between the black market organ trade and disability has been unexplored. Globalization as we know it, through its promotion of a competitive market-based economy and the resulting systems of national healthcare, is creating and exploiting an international community of disabled people. These disabled people are organ "donors," forced to stake their livelihood on internal organs that are sold through the classic hierarchical ranks of oppression. The goals and systems of globalization today must take these disabled communities into account, or the resulting poverty and lack of proper medical care will continue to fuel the trade in human organs.
This chapter addresses the relationship of war to economic crisis, and goes on to show other linkages between the “war sector”—organized for destruction—and the more productive economy. Each has a role in shaping technological transformation, for example, as the military funds technologies of potentially large civilian importance, like the Internet. However, continued dominance of an older organizational style in the military (despite expensive technologies) is holding back an overall economic-technological transition. This is connected to the long cycles of neo-Schumpeterian theory but also to the many other faces of war in the contemporary era, including the “new wars” conducted partly by means of spectacular violence and the problems of governing chronically insecure spaces. The chapter ends on a note of hope about a transition from a war paradigm to a law paradigm that would transform world militaries into forces for peacekeeping, policing, and humanitarian action.
This essay explores the relation between two perspectives on the nature of human rights. According to the "political" or "practical" perspective, human rights are claims that individuals have against certain institutional structures, in particular modern states, in virtue of interests they have in contexts that include them. According to the more traditional "humanist" or "naturalistic" perspective, human rights are pre-institutional claims that individuals have against all other individuals in virtue of interests characteristic of their common humanity. This essay argues that once we identify the two perspectives in their best light, we can see that they are complementary and that in fact we need both to make good normative sense of the contemporary practice of human rights. It explains how humanist and political considerations can and should work in tandem to account for the concept, content, and justification of human rights.
Contemporary social science analysis is dominated by utilitarian or functional approaches in which institutional structures are assumed to adapt in an optimal fashion to changing environmental conditions, and the preferences and capabilities of individual actors are ontologically posited. In contrast, an institutional perspective insists that past choices constrain present options; that the preferences and capabilities of individual actors are conditioned by institutional structures; and that historical trajectories are path dependent. Institutional structures persist even if circumstances change. In a world of nuclear weapons and economic interdependence, any adequate analysis of the nature of sovereignty operationalized with regard to transborder controls and extraterritoriality must be informed by an institutional perspective.
American Imago, 52.3 (1995) 261-279
She then said she had a dream about me. In the dream I was one of the guards outside the chamber of a concentration camp. She dreamt that she was entering the bunker, knowing what was about to happen to her, that she would never get out of there alive and that I, looking at her sadly, was about to shut the door of the bunker tightly behind her.
The former patient was not willing to talk about this dream with me because she did not want to take the psychoanalysis any further. It was by chance that she had met me now, and that was what made her think of the dream again. She said the dream did not upset her because she did not have the feeling I had shut the door behind her sadistically, but because there was nothing I could do to change it, since I, too, was just a little cog in the wheel of the machinery of destruction in a concentration camp.
As she was telling me about the dream, I felt a sharp, stinging sensation in my nose, which I know is the sign of a cold coming on. I could not worry about this nagging physical sensation that day; if anything, I gave in to it. The next day I fell ill with a high fever and a severe case of strep throat infection the likes of which I had not had for twenty years.
In my own analysis at the time, my training analyst and I agreed that because my former patient had confronted me so suddenly with the dream while refusing to talk about it, I had been overwhelmed in a ghastly way by the destructive rage of the concentration camp. My violent physical reaction to it was understandable in view of the situation, which had to be "felt through," as it were, without becoming conscious of my intrapsychic situation.
Those of us who are psychoanalysts in Germany have only recently begun to exchange clinical experiences of this kind. Up to the late 1970s, nothing was ever said about them, as if twelve years of Nazi dictatorship, the Holocaust and the horrors of World War II had not been one of the most incisive historical and political events for the German people. It was as if hearing about the reign of death that had held Germany in sway had to be kept under wraps for decades of psychoanalytic practice and training. Everyone was afraid to awaken the dragon or to acknowledge the presence of this Ego that was armed to the teeth in defense against this world of annihilation. For a long time, it was something of a taboo to include the crimes of the Nazi era in the immediate clinical and training work. As Anita Eckstädt, a colleague, put it: "Even if one had every reason to suspect that someone's father was a Nazi, to say so in an analytical seminar or to an analysand would have meant violating a taboo. It was not something one could talk about in any direct way" (Eckstaedt 1989, 12).
Some German analysts even claimed they had "never had the child of a Nazi on the couch" (a.a.O.). Even in the late 1980s, one colleague said:
Social cognitive theory provides an agentic conceptual framework within which to analyze the determinants and psychosocial mechanisms through which symbolic communication influences human thought, affect and action. Communications systems operate through two pathways. In the direct pathway, they promote changes by informing, enabling, motivating, and guiding participants. In the socially mediated pathway, media influences link participants to social networks and community settings that provide natural incentives and continued personalized guidance, for desired change. Social cognitive theory analyzes social diffusion of new styles of behavior in terms of the psychosocial factors governing their acquisition and adoption and the social networks through which they spread and are supported. Structural interconnectedness provides potential diffusion paths; sociocognitive factors largely determine what diffuses through those paths.