THE ASSESSMENT OF VEGETABLE WASTE AS AN ECO-FRIENDLY APPROACH AND THE EXAMPLE OF THE GARDEN BY THE BAY

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AUTHOR
AFFILIATION
TITLE
Res. Assist. Dr. Altay ALDOĞAN
Balıkesir University
AN EVALUATION ON THE RELATIONSHIP
OF PORTRAIT PAINTING WITH DAILY LIFE
PAINTING
Prof. Dr. Bahriye GÜLGÜN
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Kübra YAZİCİ
Ege University
Yozgat Bozok University
THE ASSESSMENT OF VEGETABLE WASTE
AS AN ECO-FRIENDLY APPROACH AND
THE EXAMPLE OF THE GARDEN BY THE
BAY
Melis Merve UĞURLU
Prof. Dr. Bahriye GÜLGÜN
Ege University
INVESTIGATION OF INSTALLATION
EXAMPLES USING PLANTS AS EXHIBITION
ELEMENTS
Assist. Prof. Dr. Müslüm Akın
KUMTEPE
Kırıkkale University
EXAMINATION OF ARTICLES ON CELLO
EDUCATION IN NATIONAL PEER-
REVIEWED JOURNALS
Dr. İlhan KAYA
Atatürk University
ADVANTAGES OF CORTEN STEEL IN
SCULPTURE AND RUST AESTHETICS
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Osman ÇAYDERE
Ebru ÜNAL
Gazi University
COMPARISON OF PRINTMAKING
PROGRAMS OF UNDERGRADUATE
EDUCATION AND UKIYO-E’S PLACE IN
PRINTMAKING PROGRAMS
Assist. Prof. Dr. Erdal KILIÇ
İstanbul Medeniyet University
A REVIEW ON NESE-I DIL SONGS
MECMUNE PREPARED BY HOVSEP
EBEYAN IN ÜSKÜDARLI HANENDE
Pərvanə Muradi
Odlar Yurdu Universitetinin
“Dizayn” kafedrasının müəllimi
DESIGN CHARACTERISTICS OF
HISTORICAL-CULTURAL MONUMENTS OF
SHUSHA
Assist. Prof. Dr. Çağrı YALÇIN
Assoc. Prof. İ.Emre KAVUT
Assist. Prof. Dr. Elif ÖZDOĞLAR
Res. Asst. Kadir BİNGÖL
Kütahya Dumlupınar University
Mimar Sinan Fine Arts
University
STRATEGY GAMES DESIGN IN MATERIAL
AND FORM AXIS: KARIM RASHID’S CHESS
SET
Sukhmani Ashok
Giorgi Dugashvili
Caucasus International
University, Georgia
CRISPR-CAS9 AND ITS APPLICATION AS A
GENE-EDITING STRATEGY FOR Β-
HEMOGLOBINOPATHIES: A LITERATURE
REVIEW

Moses Adeolu AGOI
Solomon Abraham
UKPANAH
ASSESSING THE NEGATIVE IMPACTS OF USING SOCIAL
NETWORKING SITES AND THE INTRINSIC IMPLICATION
ON SOCIETAL RISK
162
Jibrin
S., Salihu
I. T., Mohammed
U. H., Abdullahi, A.
Mohmmed, Y
ASSESSMENT OF FARMERS’ ADAPTATION STRATEGIES
TO FLOOD RELATED LOSSES IN ZONE ONE AREA OF
EKITI STATE, NIGERIA
168
Bahriye GÜLGÜN
Melis Merve UĞURLU
INVESTIGATION OF INSTALLATION EXAMPLES USING
PLANTS AS EXHIBITION ELEMENTS
174
Bahriye GÜLGÜN
Kübra YAZİCİ
THE ASSESSMENT OF VEGETABLE WASTE AS AN ECO-
FRIENDLY APPROACH AND THE EXAMPLE OF THE
GARDEN BY THE BAY
189
Bavjola Shatro
REFLECTIONS ON THEOLOGY AND POETRY ON C. S.
LEWIS ESSAYS ON FAITH
199
Gonca BÜYÜKMIHÇI
Büşra UZASLAN
READING ON THE RE-FUNCTIONING OF INDUSTRIAL
BUILDINGS: THE VIENNA GASOMETERS
209
Aydın KALEOĞLU
Hasret KARAKURT
MUMCU
AZİZE İNCE
Züleyha DEĞİRMENCİ
A STUDY FOR INCREASING ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF A
HYGIENE PLANT BASED ON COMPRESSORS AND BABY
SHAMPOO PROCESS
221
László Pitlik
Dániel Váradi
László Pitlik
Mátyás Pitlik
Marcell Pitlik
HOW CAN THE OVERLEARNING-RISK BE DETECTED AND
HANDLED IN MODELAND CASE-LEVEL BASED ON THE
DIF(E)SA (DIRECT-INVERSE-FUNCTIONSYMMETRY-
APPROACH)?
235
Tunay KARAKÖK
ON SAINTS IN MEDIEVAL BYZANTINE SOCIETY
245
Mustafa Sarper ALAP
IN TURKISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE LESSONS
VARIOUS PROBLEMS ABOUT VERSE TYPES, VERSE
FORMS, ARUZ, TEXT TRANSLATION AND DICTATE
250
Ebru Asiye
ÇİFTÇİOĞLU
Ümit DENİZ
EXAMINATION OF PARENTS' ANSWERS TO THEIR
CHILD'S QUESTIONS ABOUT SEXUALITY
258
Ebru ÜNAL
Osman ÇAYDERE
COMPARISON OF PRINTMAKING PROGRAMS OF
UNDERGRADUATE EDUCATION AND UKIYO-E'S PLACE
IN PRINTMAKING PROGRAMS2
271
Hatice YILMAZER
ENDÜSTRİ 4.0 PERSPEKTİFİNDEN DİJİTAL DÖNÜŞÜMÜN
İNSAN KAYNAKLARI YÖNETİMİ ÜZERİNE ETKİLERİ
284
Okan MİRZE
Levent YAZİCİ
IRRIGATIONIN INDUSTRIAL HEMP (Cannabis sativa L.)
PRODUCTION
296
László Hammerl
László Pitlik
EVALUATION AND SIMULATION OF THE EUROPEAN
HYDROGEN MARKET BASED ON DIVERSE SIMILARITY
ANALYSIS
304
Ayşe Seda ÇALIŞKAN
Emine YILDIZ
KUYRUKÇU
EVOLUTION OF ARCHITECTURAL FORM
318
Ümit GENÇTÜRK
Züleyha DEĞİRMENCİ
Azize İNCE
Mehmet Şakir ERBOZ
INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT
TOPSHEET NONWOVEN FABRICS ON BABY DIAPER
PERFORMANCE
329
Fatih CANKURT
ANALYSIS OF THE MUSHAF SAN'A IN TERMS OF
OFFICIAL MUSHAF
338

THE ASSESSMENT OF VEGETABLE WASTE AS AN ECO-FRIENDLY
APPROACH AND THE EXAMPLE OF THE GARDEN BY THE BAY
ÇEVRE DOSTU BİR YAKLAŞIM OLARAK BİTKİSEL ATIKLARIN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ VE
GARDEN BY THE BAY ÖRNEĞİ
Bahriye GÜLGÜN
Prof. Dr. Ege Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, Peyzaj Mimarlığı Bölümü
Kübra YAZİCİ
Doç. Dr. Yozgat Bozok Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi, Peyzaj Mimarlığı Bölümü
ÖZET
Son yıllarda çevresel kirliliğin önlenmesi ve atıkların değerlendirilmesi amacıyla bitkisel
üretim sonucunda oluşan hasat atıklarının veya hammaddesi tarımsal ürün olan pek çok atığın
tarımsal üretimde girdi olarak kullanılması yaygınlaşmıştır. Bitkisel atıklar;
tarım/bahçe/peyzaj çalışmaları sırasında, bitkilerin üretilmesi ve işlenmesi sonucunda ortaya
çıkan sap, yaprak, çimen, küspe ve kabuk gibi atıklardır. Ancak bitkisel atıklar genellikle geri
dönüştürülmeden, çevreye bilinçsizce atılarak ya da yakılarak etkisiz hale getirilmektedir.
Enerji ve hammadde ihtiyacının oldukça fazla olduğu bu dönemlerde bitkisel atıkların
değerlendirilmesi torf gibi geri dönüştürülemeyen maddelerin yerine, topraktaki organik
madde miktarını arttırmak için kullanılabilecek oldukça doğal bir yöntemdir. Bu atıklar gübre
olarak ya da çeşitli bertaraf yöntemleriyle değerlendirilebilirler. Ancak bitkisel atıklar
genellikle geri dönüştürülmeden, çevreye bilinçsizce atılarak ya da yakılarak etkisiz hale
getirilmektedir. Çevre dostu uygulamaların önemli olduğu bu dönemde çevreci yaklaşımlarla
bitkisel artıkların fonksiyonel kullanımı ön plana çıkmaktadır.
Bu çalışmada bitkisel atıkların doğrudan kullanımı, kompozlaştırılması, tarım, peyzajda
kullanımı irdelenmiş ve 2006 yılında Singapur hükümeti tarafından düzenlenen bir yarışma
sonucunda tasarlanan Marina Bay Sands Hotel’in arkasındaki ıslah edilmiş arazide bulunan
Garden By The Bay ele alınmıştır. Örnek olarak ele alınan Garden By The Bay hem yatay
hem de dikey bahçelere sahip bu fütüristik proje olup, 101 hektarlık bir alanı kapsamaktadır.
Bay South, Bay East ve Bay Central adlı üç ayrı bahçeden oluşan park, Wilkinson Eyre ve
Grant Associates tarafından tasarlanmıştır. İlk ve en büyük bölümü olan Bay South 2012
yılında halka açılmıştır. İrdelenen bu alanın yaygınlaştırılması küresel boyutta önemlidir.
Anahtar kelimeler: Çevre dostu uygulamalar, bitkisel atıklar, sıfır atık, peyzaj
ABSTRACT
In recent years, it has become widespread to use harvested wastes as a result of plant
production or many wastes whose raw materials are agricultural products as inputs in
agricultural production to prevent environmental pollution and to evaluate wastes. Vegetable
wastes; are the wastes such as stems, leaves, grass, pulp, and bark that are produced as a result
of the production and processing of plants during agriculture/garden/landscape works.
However, vegetable wastes are generally neutralized without being recycled, thrown into the
environment unconsciously, or burned. In these periods when the need for energy and raw
materials is quite high, the evaluation of vegetable wastes is a very natural method that can be
used to increase the amount of organic matter in the soil instead of non-recyclable materials
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such as peat. These wastes can be used as fertilizer or by various disposal methods. However,
vegetable wastes are generally neutralized without being recycled, thrown into the
environment unconsciously, or burned. In this period when environmentally friendly practices
are important, the functional use of plant residues with environmental approaches comes to
the fore.
In this study, direct use, composting, use in agriculture, and landscaping of vegetable
wastes are examined and Garden By The Bay, which is located on the reclaimed land behind
the Marina Bay Sands Hotel, was designed as a result of a competition organized by the
Singapore government in 2006, is discussed. Taken as an example, Garden By The Bay is a
futuristic project with both horizontal and vertical gardens and covers an area of 101 hectares.
Composed of three separate gardens, Bay South, Bay East, and Bay Central, the park was
designed by Wilkinson Eyre and Grant Associates. Its first and largest division, Bay South,
went public in 2012. The dissemination of this area under consideration is important on a
global scale.
Keywords: Environmentally friendly practices, plant wastes, zero waste, landscape
INTRODUCTION
Vegetable wastes; wastes such as stems, leaves, grass, pulp, and bark, which are produced as
a result of the production and processing of plants during agriculture/garden/landscape works.
These wastes can be used as fertilizer or by various disposal methods. However, vegetable
wastes are generally neutralized without being recycled, by throwing them into the
environment unconsciously or by burning them. In these periods, when the need for energy
and raw materials is quite high, the evaluation of vegetable wastes is an alternative to plant
nutrients such as peat and a very natural method that can be used to increase the amount of
organic matter in the soil (Kumaş, 2019). In recent years, to prevent environmental pollution
and to evaluate wastes, it has become widespread to use harvested wastes as a result of plant
production or many wastes whose raw materials are agricultural products as inputs in
agricultural production. Thus, the negative effects on the environment have been reduced by
reusing the materials left over from the processing of the products obtained in the same areas.
Many studies conducted today have shown that most of the materials, which are considered
waste, can be a source of organic matter and plant nutrients by direct addition to the soil, or
they can be used as a growing medium with mixtures at certain rates (Çıtak et al. 2006).
2- ASSESSMENT METHODS OF VEGETABLE WASTES
2.1. Direct Use of Vegetable Wastes
Apart from the various evaluation methods of vegetable wastes, wood-based vegetable wastes
obtained as a result of pruning are commonly used as timber or fuel. Suitable properties can
be processed and utilized for various purposes in the timber state. It is also possible to use it
as a building material in various ways without being processed (Demir, 2010).
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Figure 1. Direct Use of Vegetable Wastes (Url 1)
2.2. Use of Plant Wastes as Landscape Elements
One of the most common methods of evaluating plant residues (mulch) is chipping. Chipping
is an application to obtain healthy plants. Mulch is the covering layer used to develop and
protect the soil surface. The substances used are naturally occurring substances. These items
include fallen leaves, pine needles, bark, flower pieces, etc. can be counted (Demir, 2010).
Figure 2: Use of plant wastes in landscape Url 2
Chipping;
xBy laying around trees and large plants, it reduces the need for irrigation by
reducing excessive evaporation.
xPrevents soil, erosion, enriches the soil and prevents the formation of
unwanted weeds
xIt prevents the roots from freezing and stabilizes the soil temperature ( Demir,
2010).
xIn addition, the wastes obtained after pruning can be used in landscape designs
as a result of various processes.
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Figure 3. Example of use of plant wastes in landscape (Url 3, Url, 4; Url 5)
2.3. Composting of Vegetable Wastes
Compost is the stabilized, mineralized product of a wide variety of biochemically degradable
organic substances by organisms. Composting is the decomposition of organic materials in
the waste by biochemical means, by using the oxygen of the environment, by living things,
mostly invisible, called microorganisms. For this to happen, the water content in the waste
mass should be around 45-60% (Erdin, 1981).
Composting is a solid waste is the morphologicalt provides the morphological decomposition
and stabilization of organic materials in solid wastes subjected to heating by microbiological
activities (Erdin 1981).
Compost is the final product that contains plant nutrients, is rich in organic matter, is harmless
to health, and can be sold in the form of humus by subjecting organic wastes to microbial
decomposition (decay) under air conditions (Erdin 1981).
Figure 5. Composting process (OMAFRA, 2022)
3. EXAMPLE OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL APPROACH EXAMPLE OF THE
GARDEN BY THE BAY
Designed as a result of a competition organized by the Singapore government in 2006,
Garden By The Bay is located on reclaimed land behind the Marina Bay Sands Hotel. Garden
By The Bay, one of the largest climate-controlled projects in the world; It concons consistsf
parks, restaurants and activity areas designed in a garden concept. Featuring both horizontal
and vertical gardens, this futuristic project covers an area of 101 hectares. Composed of three
separate gardens, Bay South, Bay East, and Bay Central, the park was designed by Wilkinson
Eyre and Grant Associates. Its first and largest division, Bay South, went public in 2012. The
work of other sections is still in progress (Gardens By The Bay, 2022).
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Figure 6. General view of Gardens By The Bay (Url 6)
Garden By The Bay is a project built entirely on sustainability. It has been developed with the
concept of the city within the garden and operates within the framework of the ecosystem.
While Supertree Grove converts sunlight into energy thanks to the photovorainwaterls on the
trees, rain water is stored in the spaces between the panels. Thmeetored energy and water
memeethe irrigation needs of all plants in Garden By The Bay together with the water stored
in the pond. At the same time, the humidity needs of cloud forest and Flower Dome
greenhouses are met with this stored and received energy.
Figure 7. Gardens By The Bay lighting view(Url 7)
The plant wastes obtained from The Garden Bay The Bay are burned with the energy
obtained thanks to the panels placed in the greenhSupertreed the trees in the Spertree Grove,
thus obtaining the soil and fertilizer needed by the garden. In this way, the endless soil need
of the gardens is met. In addition, the wastes generated after pruning and maintenance
processes are evaluated and transformed into a state that serves the ecosystem.
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Figure 8. Gardens By The Bay sustainablURLnvironment application (url 8)
a-Succulent garden
b-Baobab and Bottle Tree
Garden
c-Australian garden
d- South American Garden
e- Mediterranean Basin
f-Olive Grove
g-Flower Field
h-Californian Garden
ı-South African Garden
Figure 9. The garden exhibits of Gardens By The Bay (Url 9)
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Figure 10. Gardens By The Bay sustainableURLvironment application (url 10)
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Minimizing solar heat gain
The two conservatories are equipped with glass with a special coating that lets maximummum
light for the plants, but reduces a significant amount of heat. The roof is equipped with
sensor-operated retractable sails that provide shade to the plants when it gets too hot.
Cooling of occupied areas only
Conservatories apply the strategy of cooling only the lower levels, thus reducing the volume
of air to be cooled. This is achieved through displacement cooling – floor cooling with chilled
water pipes poured into floor plates that allow cold air to settle in the lower occupied zone as
warm air rises and is expelled at high levels (Gardens By The Bay, 2022).
Generating energCarbon-neutralg waste heat
Carbneutron-electricityity is produced on site. At the same time, waste heat is captured in the
process to regenerate the liquid desiccant. This energy cogeneration is achieved using a
Combined Heat Power steam turbine fueled by wood and horticultural waste from all over
Singapore. In doing so, we reduce our dependence on grid electricity generated from fossil
fuels.
Dehumidifying the air before cooling
To reduce the amount of energy required in the cooling process, the air in the Flower Dome is
dehumidified with a liquid desiccant before it is cooled. This dryer is recycled using waste
heat from burning biomass (Gardens By The Bay, 2022).
Figure 10. Sustainable environment Gardens By The Bay (Url 11)
The Gardens lake system combines basic ecological processes and functions as one living
system. It acts as a natural filtration system for water from the Gardens basin and provides
aquatic habitats for biodiversity such as fish and dragonflies.
The water flowing through the garden clean the lake system and cleaned by aquatic plants
before being discharged into the reservoir. Naturally purified water from the lake system is
also used in the Gardens' irrigation system.
The lake system shows the role and importance of plants in the healthy functioning of our
ecosystem. It raises awareness to of the value aquatic plants play in nature and emphasizes the
importance of clean water in sustaining biodiversity (Gardens By The Bay, 2022).
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Filtering the water stream
Filter beds, made up of reeds and wetlands, are found where water enters and exits the lake
system. The water flow is reduced and the sediments are filtered out.
Figure 11. Dragonfly & Kingfisher Lakes (Url 9)
Reducing nutrient load
Aquatic plant islands and reed beds are included to absorb nutrients such as nitrogen and
phosphorus from the water. Reducing nitrogen levels is critical to minimizing algae growth
and ensures better water quality.
Protecting the aquatic ecosystem
Fish and dragonfly habitats are created within the lake system by providing a variety of
aquatic plants,s, good water circulation and aeration. This keeps potential problems such as
mosquito breeding under control (Gardens By The Bay, 2022).
4. CONCLUSION
In conclusion; The main objective of energy pan policies should be an uninterrupted,d, clean,
reliable and cheap energy supply. In these conditions, it is important to ensure the diversity of
resources as well as the efficient use of the energy produced. Today, biomass, which is an
environmentally friendly energy source that uses biodegradable wastes as raw materials, is
increasing its importance. In today's world, where recycling and zero waste are gaining
importance, it is important in terms of energy supply to bring the waste parts of plants with
biomass potential, which have provided the necessary contribution to the nutrition of humans
and animals that have completed their life cycle, into the economy. Our country has an
important biomass potential in terms of pruning wastes of both field crops and research In the
researches, Karabaş (2019) stated that the contribution of the use of vegetable biomass, which
is considered waste, to the current energy potential is very clear. By preventing non-
agricultural use of agricultural lands and participating in production on unused lands with
agricultural potential, vegetative production will increase further and the amount of vegetal
biomass released as a result of this production will also increase. Agricultural waste
management is very important for our country and rn. The use of the biomass potential in the
region as an alternative energy source in obtaining clean energy will create added value in
terms of both economy and environmental health.
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kereste-uretildi-1653936455450-390x220.jpeg
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537-haberi
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efforts.html
V. INTERNATIONAL HALICH CONGRESS ON MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH
Januar
y
15-16, 2023 / Istanbul, Türki
y
e 198 FULL TEXT BOO
K

5 th INTERNATIONAL HALICH CONGRESS
5. ULUSLARARASI HALİÇ MULTİDİSİPLİNER BİLİMSEL ARAŞTIRMALAR KONGRESİ
Congress Web Page / Kongre Web Sayfası: www.izdas.org/halic
Mail Address / Mail Adresi: bilgi@istanbulkongresi.org
01.02.2023
İLGİLİ MAKAMA
5. ULUSLARARASI HALİÇ MULTİDİSİPLİNER BİLİMSEL ARAŞTIRMALAR KONGRESİ
15-16 Ocak 2023 tarihleri arasında İstanbul, Türkiye’de (çevrimiçi olarak) 33 farklı ülkenin
akademisyen/araştırmacılarının katılımıyla gerçekleşmiştir. Kongre 16 Ocak 2020 Akademik Teşvik
Ödeneği Yönetmeliğine getirilen “Tebliğlerin sunulduğu yurt içinde veya yurt dışındaki etkinliğin
uluslararası olarak nitelendirilebilmesi için Türkiye dışında en az beş farklı ülkeden sözlü tebliğ sunan
konuşmacının katılım sağlaması ve tebliğlerin yarıdan fazlasının Türkiye dışından katılımcılar tarafından
sunulması esastır.” değişikliğine uygun düzenlenmiştir.
Bilgilerinize arz edilir,
Saygılarımla
Prof. Dr. Muhittin ELİAÇIK
Head of Congress