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Post Disaster Resilience of Entrepreneurs Among the Flood Prone Districts in Kerala
Abstract
Amidst the recent surge in natural disasters, it has become increasingly crucial to understand their impact on entrepreneurial activities and decision-making. However, research in this area remains limited. This study aims to explore the resilience of entrepreneurs to flood disasters in Kerala by examining the key determinants of resilience and their impact on business performance. The study proposes that entrepreneurial choices, behavior, and durability significantly differ in a post-disaster context, emphasizing the importance of opportunity-seeking, resource-organizing, financial strategy creation, and risk acceptance. The researcher employs a positivistic qualitative approach, using empirical evidence to investigate the accuracy of observations through the hypothetical-deductive method. Statistical tools such as descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, relative importance index, structural equation modeling of SMART PLS, and the Disaster Resilience Index were used. This study addresses gaps in the existing literature and offers a means of assessing entrepreneurial resilience and firm success dependent on resilience in the aftermath of a disaster. The study found that, in a disaster situation, the primary entrepreneurial activity is focused on reducing losses and managing cash flow. Furthermore, the research compared the resilience of various industries. Overall, this study sheds light on the complexities of the post-disaster market world and emphasizes the need for entrepreneurial resilience to reduce damage and accelerate recovery.
... With a sample of 30,383 students from 62countries, the survey discovered that students were most satisfied with the support provided by teaching staff and their universities' public relations during the worldwide closure and transition to online learning. Arora & Srinivasan (2020), in their study established the rate of virtual class adoption as well as the numerous benefits, obstacles, and causes for virtual class nonadoption [18,19]. The study looked at the replies of 341 teachers from Ghaziabad's higher education institutes and identified the encounters of non-adoption of virtual classes and also suggested the ways to overthrow them. ...
... To minimise longer periods of unemployment, policies should promote the entry of recent graduates into the labour market. [18,19] According to the study [20,21], educational institutions should conduct research to disseminate and document the pandemic's impact on the educational system. In addition, educational institutions must design curricular methodologies that are more sensitive to students' learning demands outside of traditional classrooms. ...
... It is critical to identify the importance of online education and to develop treatments to prioritise inclusion, connectedness and equitability. Colleges and universities have to prepare and plan the study schedule in such a way that all students benefit accordingly [18,19]. Tartavulea et al., 2020, discovered that the interaction and assessment methods used reflect a passive delivery style with little involvement. ...
Education is the process through which a mature human mind evolves from a child's mind. Education is a means for disseminating information about both known and unfamiliar topics. It will enable the human brain to comprehend known and unfamiliar concepts in greater depth. As days pass, so do educational methods, which shift according to the needs of the hour. As a result of the COVID-19 crisis, all educational institutions have moved to virtual courses and an online education system that is separate from the actual surroundings. The present study examines the impact of COVID-19 on teaching effectiveness in higher education in Pathanamthitta District in Keralausing random sample method. Structured questionnaire has been used for data collection with a sample of 90 teachers. For analyzing the impact of COVID 19 on teaching effectiveness, traditional and online teaching has been analysed using paired sample t-test,correlation and descriptive statistics. The study analysed that there is an impact of online education onteachingeffectivenessduringCOVID-19. The study also identified the relationship of class control, network connectivity and awareness in technology with teaching effectiveness in online education.
... Resilience refers to the ability of individuals, communities, and systems to withstand, adapt to, and recover from adverse events or challenges. According to Cretikos et al. (2010), community resilience is a crucial factor in mitigating the negative impacts of environmental hazards on public health [14,15,16]. ...
... Semi-structured interviews will be conducted to explore the coping mechanisms and strategies adopted by the community to mitigate the health hazards associated with the waste plant. Thematic analysis will be used to identify common themes and patterns in the data [14,15]. ...
This study aims to examine the resilience of the people of Kochi towards the health hazard posed by the Brahmapuram waste treatment plant. The plant has been a source of concern for residents due to its harmful emissions, leading to numerous health issues. The research uses a qualitative approach, with data collected through interviews, surveys, and observations. The findings suggest that the people of Kochi have exhibited remarkable resilience in the face of this health hazard. They have developed coping mechanisms and strategies to deal with the negative impacts of the waste plant, such as raising awareness, forming support groups, and engaging in activism. Furthermore, the study highlights the importance of community resilience in addressing environmental health hazards. Policymakers and stakeholders can use the findings to develop more effective and sustainable waste management policies and strategies that prioritize the health and wellbeing of the community.
... A systematic review of 18 studies found that physical activity was associated with reduced symptoms of depression among children and adolescents. Furthermore, physical activity has been shown to improve cognitive function and academic performance, suggesting that it may be an effective way to promote resilience and mitigate the negative impact of depression on academic performance [19,20,21]. ...
... A study of 231 high school students found that those who received early intervention for depression reported lower levels of depression and better academic performance compared to those who received later intervention. This suggests that identifying and addressing depression early is critical for promoting resilience and supporting students' academic success [21,22]. ...
Depression can have a profound impact on students and their academic performance. While depression may cause a range of negative symptoms such as low motivation, poor concentration, and fatigue, it is important to note that not all students with depression experience the same symptoms. Furthermore, resilience is a critical factor in determining how students cope with depression and overcome its impact. Resilience can be fostered through a variety of interventions, including cognitive-behavioral therapy, mindfulness-based stress reduction, and social support networks. Teachers and school staff play a key role in identifying students who may be struggling with depression and helping them access appropriate resources. By promoting resilience and addressing depression proactively, schools can help students thrive academically and emotionally, setting them up for success in the long term.
... Low-resilience individuals struggle to deal with stressful situations and may adhere to negative coping mechanisms. In order to overcome obstacles and discover answers, resilient people rely on their resources and network of contacts [76,98,99]. People with high resilience and those who felt more organisational and social support were more likely to report feeling less anxious about the COVID-19 (Labrague et al., 2020). ...
... The survey will assess teachers' experiences with administrative tasks, their productivity, and resilience. The interviews will seek to obtain a more in-depth understanding of teachers' perspectives and experiences regarding administrative tasks [3,4]. ...
This study examines the impact of imposing administrative tasks on teachers' productivity and resilience. Administrative duties are increasingly becoming a part of a teacher's job, and this has raised concerns about their ability to handle these additional responsibilities without compromising their core teaching duties. The study utilizes a mixed-methods approach, including surveys and interviews, to collect data from a sample of teachers. The findings suggest that the imposition of administrative tasks does have a significant impact on teachers' productivity, with many reporting feeling overwhelmed and stressed. However, the study also reveals that teachers demonstrate resilience in the face of these challenges, finding ways to manage their workload and maintain their commitment to their students. These findings have implications for policymakers and school administrators, who must balance the need for administrative tasks with the wellbeing of their teaching staff.
... The findings from existing research underscore the importance of providing teachers with appropriate support and resources to enhance their resilience and well-being during the pandemic and beyond. Further research is needed to better understand the long-term effects of the pandemic on teachers' resilience and inform strategies to support their capacity to cope with future outbreaks [12,13,14]. ...
The COVID-19 pandemic has brought unprecedented challenges to the education sector, particularly for teachers who were suddenly tasked with adjusting to new teaching modalities and managing the emotional needs of their students while navigating their own personal challenges. In this paper, we explore the resilience of teachers during the pandemic and examine whether they have the capacity to cope with future outbreaks. Using a qualitative research approach, we analyzed interviews with teachers to gain insights into their experiences during the pandemic and the coping strategies they employed. Our findings suggest that teachers demonstrated remarkable resilience in the face of adversity, utilizing a range of coping strategies including seeking social support, maintaining a positive outlook, and adapting to changes. However, the impact of the pandemic has also highlighted the need for better support for teachers, particularly in terms of their mental health and wellbeing [24,25,26]. While the extent to which teachers can cope with another pandemic remains uncertain, our study highlights the importance of providing teachers with the necessary support and resources to enhance their resilience in the face of future challenges.
... Resilience is the ability to adapt and cope with adversity, and it is crucial for students to develop resilience skills to navigate the challenges of academic and personal life [10,11,12]. ...
... This paper aims to explore the resilience of teachers in Karnataka towards the implementation of the new educational policy of 2023. Through qualitative analysis of interviews with teachers and educational policymakers, this study provides insights into the challenges faced by teachers and the strategies they employed to overcome them [16,18,19,20]. The study also examines the critical features of the new policy, the potential benefits and drawbacks, and the role of ongoing support and training for teachers. ...
This paper examines the introduction of the new educational policy in Karnataka in 2023 and the resilience of teachers towards its implementation. Through a qualitative analysis of interviews with teachers and educational policymakers, this study sheds light on the challenges faced by teachers in adapting to the new policy and the strategies they employed to overcome these challenges. The findings suggest that while the new policy brought about significant changes in the educational landscape, teachers exhibited remarkable resilience and adaptability in implementing it. This study contributes to the ongoing dialogue around educational policy and highlights the critical role of teachers in the successful implementation of reforms. Furthermore, this paper discusses some of the key features of the new educational policy in Karnataka, including changes in curriculum design, assessment methodologies, and teacher training programs. It explores the potential benefits and drawbacks of these changes, highlighting the areas where further research and evaluation are needed. The paper concludes by emphasizing the importance of ongoing support and training for teachers to ensure the successful implementation of the new policy and to enhance the quality of education in Karnataka. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the complex dynamics of educational policy implementation and underscores the need for a collaborative and responsive approach to reform efforts.
The increasing trend of Indian youth leaving the country to settle abroad has sparked debates on whether it is alarming or beneficial for the nation. This abstract explores the various implications of this trend, highlighting both positive and negative aspects. While the movement of Indian youth to other countries can lead to cultural exchange and global mobility, it may also lead to a loss of talented individuals, resulting in a "brain drain" effect. This paper seeks to provide a balanced perspective on the issue and to encourage further research and policies to create an environment that encourages young people to contribute to India's growth and development.In addition, it is crucial to acknowledge the underlying factors driving this trend, such as lack of employment opportunities, economic instability, and social constraints. Addressing these issues would not only help retain Indian youth but also enhance the country's potential to compete globally. Furthermore, it is essential to recognize the role of technology and the impact of digitalization, which has created new opportunities for remote work and entrepreneurship. By leveraging technology, India can create an environment that encourages innovation, enables access to global markets, and attracts talent, creating a virtuous cycle of growth and development. Therefore, addressing the issue of Indian youth migration requires a holistic approach that involves addressing the root causes while leveraging new opportunities to enhance the country's competitiveness.
This paper investigated the influence of entrepreneurial competency and financial literacy on sustainable small enterprise performance. We simultaneously investigated the mediating role of entrepreneurial resilience on the association between competence and financial literacy with sustainable business performance. We used a quantitative method for collecting data from 220 small business entrepreneurs in Saudi Arabia using an online questionnaire. The collected data were analysed with the help of PLS-SEM. The results reveal that financial literacy significantly positively affects entrepreneurial competency and resilience. Entrepreneurial competency has a significant positive effect on Saudi SMEs' entrepreneurial resilience and sustainable performance. Finally, entrepreneurial resilience was simultaneously found to have a considerable impact on sustainable performance while mediating the effect of financial literacy and competency on sustainable performance across Saudi SMEs. In line with Saudi Vision 2030, with its profound focus on entrepreneurship and developing a financially independent entrepreneurial community, this research contributes to creating economic opportunities for local entrepreneurs managing small enterprises. Apart from extending the body of knowledge, this research can support policymakers in formulating relevant strategies to encourage SMEs that have been worst hit by the COVID-19 pandemic to perform sustainably. Several other implications for financial institutions and entrepreneurs have also been drawn.
Purpose
This study investigates the differential likelihood of being an entrepreneur among immigrants to and natives of a country. Using a mixed embeddedness perspective, the authors outline how economic, sociocultural, and institutional embeddedness influence the likelihood of entrepreneurial activity exhibited by immigrant and native residents.
Design/methodology/approach
The tests of the hypotheses rely on a multilevel cross-country research design that uses secondary data from different sources.
Findings
Compared with their native counterparts, immigrants are more likely to start and run their own businesses, and an array of environmental factors influences this likelihood. The level of economic development and equality laws increase it; the abundance of market opportunities in an economy, entrepreneurship culture and cultural collectivism diminish it.
Practical implications
The findings provide policy makers and stakeholders with valuable insights into pertinent environmental factors that determine the differential propensities of immigrant and native residents to become entrepreneurs.
Originality/value
This study provides an expanded understanding of the connection between being an immigrant and entrepreneurial activity, by explicating the influences of country-level conditions.
The study described a Nigerian Government program called the Need for Power (N-Power) in reducing the unemployment rate. Questionnaires were distributed to 115 respondents sampled using an accidental sampling technique, and a descriptive analysis was conducted to determine the influence of N-Power in generating employment opportunities. The reliability of 0.81 was obtained with the use of the Cronbach alpha formula. From the result, N-Power Volunteer Corps, N-Power Builds, N-Power Creative, and N-Power Knowledge generated employment to a high extent. It was also concluded that males' employment opportunities generated by N-Power did not significantly differ from females'. Consequently, this study recommended that the Government listen to the beneficiaries' complaints to declare their actual income voluntarily, increase the monthly stipend of N10,000 per month to encourage more youths to participate in the program, and link training to job and labour market opportunities.
This study investigates the impact of natural disasters on energy consumption across selected Indian states from 1996 to 2019. Using the system generalized method of moments, we examine whether the frequent occurrence of floods and droughts alters India’s energy demand. Our findings show considerable variation in the relation between natural disasters and energy consumption. Generally, we find that natural disasters, as measured by the magnitude of floods and a drought dummy, have an adverse impact on per capita energy consumption.
The measurement of innovation has been developed by various previous studies with a specific focus and goal. However, the existing measurement framework still cannot be applied all that easily by companies in Indonesia for assessing, evaluating, and improving their innovations. This study aims to propose a measurement framework using a multiple case study approach. Cases were selected from companies in the pharmaceutical and information and communications technology (ICT) industries because they contribute substantially to the manufacturing sector and both are vital to Indonesia. The results of this study indicate that the measurement model of innovation consists of technological innovation and the management of technological innovation. There are three phases in the technological innovation process which include the initiation phase (conceiving ideas and acquiring information, then transforming it into knowledge), the development phase (validating knowledge and checking its appropriateness), and the diffusion phase (getting users' feedback and Go & scaling up). Meanwhile, the management of technological innovation consists of having a strategy, the necessary resources, and operation. The analytical generalization of this study is still considered to be limited, so further studies are needed to analyze cases in other industrial sectors. In addition, a quantitative study is required to construct a measuring instrument for the variables proposed in this study.
Covid-19 has had a significant impact on the disruption of the global economic sector, including for startup businesses. This encourages entrepreneurs to carry out a continuous innovation process to become more ambidextrous and continue to innovate in an effort to futureproof their business. The paper aims to provide a business resilience framework by exploring capability (innovation ambidexterity, dynamic capability, and technology capability), behavior (agile leadership), and knowledge (knowledge stock) in startup businesses. This study uses a literature review synthesis to gain a greater understanding of startup resilience and its implementation. This study also uses a case study approach in building a framework by obtaining data from semi-structured interviews with three startups owners in Indonesia. This preliminary research has identified four propositions that will be used to develop questionnaires and data collection instruments. Thus, this study provides new insights on how startups can overcome contradictory pressures for business resilience in anticipating, dealing with, and emerging from business turbulence due to the Covid-19 pandemic by considering the factors proposed in this study. The implications and recommendations of this study are also discussed in detail.
Integrated Risk of Pandemic: Covid-19 Impacts, Resilience and Recommendations
Floods are among the most common and destructive natural disasters confronted by cities and are further aggravated by rapid climate change and increasing urbanization, posing a great challenge to flood risk management. To cope with uncertainty, there is a need to move towards approaches to managing flood risk by taking resilience into consideration. While the evaluation of urban flood resilience has gained much attention in recent decades, studies on quantitative measurement using multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) approaches are rare. In addition, the results determined by different MCDM methods may exhibit considerable variability. It is an intractable task to gather a group consensus from these methods. In this regard, in this paper, we propose a group-decision-making framework for measuring urban resilience to flooding, combining three stages, which are (i) normalizing the data, (ii) weighting the criteria and (iii) aggregating the results. Four objective MCDM methods—i.e., the variation coefficient method, Shannon weighting method, CRITIC and ideal point method—are proposed and treated as reliable methods. A stochastic multi criteria acceptability analysis is adopted to integrate those results into a composite resilience index. The proposed methodology is applied to the resilience evaluation problem of 41 cities in the Yangtze River basin, and the results are compared with those obtained with the four MCDM methods. It is demonstrated that our method considers all possible preferences among the results provided by various MCDM methods and is thus more robust and acceptable.
From a managerial standpoint, sustainability poses numerous challenges for the business community. One of the prominent concerns in the context of organizational sustainability is the impact of climate change and extreme weather events (EWEs), which create discontinuity and damages to business operations. In this respect, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are particularly vulnerable to EWEs, such as flash floods, having disastrous consequences to SMEs that tend to be ill-prepared. Taking into consideration that these negatives effects are also transferred into the local communities in which SMEs are located, it is crucial to create appropriate mechanisms that will enable these enterprises to build relevant capacities and acquire necessary resources in order to deal with relevant disruptive events. With this in mind, this paper attempts to delineate the emerging literature in relation to strategic approaches in dealing with high impact/low probability EWEs. With this analysis, we aim to provide insights for enhancing the robustness of SMEs against such natural hazards through effective resilience and adaptation strategies. The paper reveals that resilience to EWEs is indeed a multifaceted issue posing numerous challenges to SMEs. Taking into account their intrinsic characteristics, there is a need for a holistic management approach that will assist SMEs to safeguard their assets against extreme weather.
Research summary: The discovery of the coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and the spread of COVID-19 have led many governments to take drastic measures. The lockdown of large parts of society and economic life has come as an exogenous shock to many economic actors, not least innovative startups. This rapid response research combines a qualitative research design informed by entrepreneurial ecosystem actors with an analysis of policy measures called for, announced, and reportedly implemented in the international press. Interviews from an entrepreneurial ecosystem offer a first-hand account of the adversity startups face during a crisis and how by utilizing bricolage responses they cope, and the analysis of policy measures can serve as an inspiration to design support initiatives to protect startups from the consequences of the current lockdown and to alleviate the effects of future crises.
Managerial summary: The lockdown measures as a response to the spread of the new corona-virus threaten the existence of many innovative startups. Our rapid response research first illustrates the challenges entrepreneurs face as a consequence of the crisis. Second, we illustrate how entrepreneurs are dealing with the effects of the crisis and what they are doing to protect their ventures. Finally, we present measures that could be utilized by policymakers to assist entrepreneurs facing challenges. The research conducted suggests that while startups are suc-cessfully leveraging their available resources as a first response to the crisis, their growth and innovation potential are at risk. Therefore, policy measures should not only provide first aid to startups by alleviating the pressure caused by constrained cashflow, but also involve long-term measures embedded in and supported by the wider entrepreneurial ecosystem to ensure rapid recovery and growth.
The alarming increase in the scale and incidence of disasters around the world has been largely attributed to global climate change. Africa like other continents has also experienced its share of disaster, though not on the same scale as countries in Asia, while the scale of disasters in Africa is smaller, the effects on the population is devastating due in large part to the high level of vulnerability in African countries. The Gambia is no exception and is also prone to numerous hazardous events that are exacerbated by lack of capacity in implementing disaster risk reduction measures. The Gambia is in a position to decentralize the government in addition to implement newly created developmental goals. One of these goals is to enhance the nation's disaster risk management system. As such, this paper provides the results of a preliminary investigation of The Gambia's disaster risk management system, with a focus on its organizational structure. Using an action research approach and through the analysis of an online survey and semi-structured interviews with disaster management leadership, this study finds that the current institutional structure of the National Disaster Management Agency (NDMA) should be enhanced to promote more efficient and effective management practices. As a result, a new national institutional structure is proposed that reduces political and administrative inefficiencies at the same time as pursuing the nation's new developmental goals and vision.
The frequency and ferocity of recent natural disasters have necessitated the urgency and relevance of disaster-related research to mitigate risk and hasten recovery. While there is a proliferation of studies on the impact of disasters on property, life, communities and the environment, much remains unknown about entrepreneurial challenges and behaviours post-disaster. This paper investigates how Entrepreneurial Marketing (EM) is enacted in post-disaster settings to facilitate speedy business recovery. We examined the post-quake experiences of small business entrepreneurs by using inductive research and adopting a 'theories-in-use' approach. Research propositions are developed that capture the dynamics of the business environment which influence entrepreneurial decisions, actions and EM behaviour. A new definition is offered in the light of this study and an EM Post-Disaster Business Recovery (EMPDBR) Framework is provided. This framework highlights opportunity-seeking, resource-organising, creating customer value and accepting risk (ORCAr) as concepts that are markedly different in the post-disaster context.
Flood risk is increasing worldwide and there is a growing need to better understand the co-benefits of investments in disaster resilience. Utilizing a multinational community flood resilience dataset, this paper takes a systems approach to understanding community-level flood resilience. Using a cluster analysis and bivariate correlation methods, we develop a typology of community flood resilience capacity based on community characteristics and five capitals (human, financial, natural, physical, and social). Our results reinforce the importance of context-specific policymaking and give recommendations of four distinct clusters to investigate the relationship between flood resilience and prevailing development conditions. We especially find that communities with higher interactions between their capital capacities tend to have higher flood resilience levels. Additionally, there are indications that stronger interactions between community capacities can help to induce multiple co-benefits when investing in disaster resilience. Our results also have important policy implications on the individual community level. For example, based on our results, we suggest that communities with lower flood resilience capacities and interactions can best build resilience on leveraging their relatively higher human capital capacities to strengthen the financial and social capitals. Negative effects might happen for urban communities when co-benefits of natural and physical capital are not fully integrated. The highest flood resilience capacity is found in communities with a well-balanced household income distribution which is likely a contributing factor to the importance of financial capital for this cluster. Our results emphasize the importance of an integrative approach to management when implementing systematic flood disaster resilience metrics and development measures.
Floods can be devastating to communities and result in fatalities and injuries, negatively impacting the economy, and quality of life. This paper presents a review of community resilience research with a focus on flood hazard including recent advances in flood risk quantification methods and trends to integrate socio-economic factors. The focus of this review was placed on flood risk components including hazard, exposure, and vulnerability to move the current research from deterministic to probabilistic approaches in order to propagate uncertainties through flood modeling, damage, loss, and recovery. Both short-term and long-term impacts of different flood resilience measures are included. The largest gap identified in flood risk research was the need for a standardized quantitative assessment tool or framework that could measure the impact of approaches to improve resilience at the community level. That tool should include the interactions between the different community systems (physical infrastructure, economic systems, and social systems).
The concept of resilience has become prominent and now dominates thinking about risk management, notably including environmental hazard management. This paper examines the diverse origins of resilience and its conceptual roots within the hazard and disaster management field and then questions whether or not resilience is simply a re-branding of the concept of mitigation which has previously been widely employed in the hazard and disaster management field. The discussion leads to the conclusion that resilience is not a simple re-branding but is a concept that goes well beyond mitigation to embrace adaptation, change and transformation. Whether disaster resilience is a mature science is discussed next, providing evidence that it is not yet mature because there is currently no settled definitional, conceptual or theoretical basis for the science which is widely recognised and adhered to. Finally, the significant challenges that disaster science has in becoming a more mature and readily applicable science are discussed before the six papers in this Special Issue are introduced.
The business environment is increasingly unstable and enterprises have to face more frequently threats that put the business continuity at risk. In light of this, enterprises need to be resilient enough to manage these undesired situations. The analysis of enterprise resilience is a very difficult task, and since the beginning supporting approaches to guide this task are required. Based on the Categorisation Framework of Disruptions developed by Sanchis and Poler (2014), the present research aims at defining and characterizing the origins of disruptions sources to classify the potential disruptive events. To do so, the origins of the disruptions sources framework is defined as a supporting mechanism to make available to both, companies and researchers, valuable information in an organised manner to facilitate the retrieval of the necessary data to assess the enterprise resilience capacity and focus the research on the most critical origins of disruptions sources.
Disaster resilience is now the subject of countless scientific and policy publications and initiatives within the international development sector, yet little insight is available on the perspectives and experiences of the practitioners tasked with implementing it. If disaster resilience is going to contribute to arresting growing disaster risk, it is essential that the expert insight, realities and needs of practitioners are amplified in the discourse. Through in-depth interviews with INGO staff working on disaster resilience across the developing world, we seek to understand how the concept is being understood and used in practice. We compare practitioner perspectives to scientific and policy-oriented goals for, and critiques of, resilience in the disaster and development space. We find that practitioners perceive the resilience paradigm to be driving a genuine shift towards better programming. At the same time, the concern that resilience is a vague buzzword which reinforces the status quo cannot be discredited. The usefulness of resilience as a boundary object within the science-practice interface, and the success of resilience in achieving its goals, is dependent upon scientists, policy-makers, and donors more actively engaging with the insights and experience of practitioners. We identify a number of avenues for this interaction that have high salience for practitioners.
Hydro-hazards are increasing in frequency due to climate change which has inspired a cultural change in Flood Risk Management (FRM). Uncertainty associated with climate change has resulted in a shift towards flood resilience as it helps deal with unexpected climatic perturbations that impact extreme flows. The concept of resilience has increased in popularity, leading to a multitude of definitions, measurements and applications. This paper systematically reviews the FRM literature to provide clarity on the differing perspectives of resilience and how they influence successful implementation of the concept. Our analysis assesses where FRM is positioned within three pre-defined interdisciplinary understandings of resilience. The polysemic nature of resilience has produced a multitude of different perspectives that prevent successful operationalisation. Resilience is interdisciplinary; therefore it requires integration between top-down and bottom-up FRM approaches, as well as a more holistic approach to the interdependence between temporal and spatial scales.
The ability to resist and respond to an external shock and recover once it has occurred is called resilience. The present paper discusses mechanisms of organizations' resilience to weather extremes. The objective of the study was to determine factors influencing the application of resilience mechanisms by European organizations. The paper presents the frequency particular mechanisms are applied in and determinants of their employment. We tested a model in which individual, organizational, community‐specific, and extreme‐related factors influence application of resilience mechanisms, which in turn influence adaptive resilience. The present study revealed that some of the selected resilience mechanisms are applied more frequently than others. The mechanisms include disposition and administration of resources, self‐organization, intraorganizational communication, damage assessment, review of previous events, and the acquisition of external information. The significance of 10 factors impacting the using of resilience mechanisms was verified in the course of the study. Findings are intended to facilitate a better understanding of resilience to weather extremes in organizations.
This study formulates a new method for flood mapping, while remote sensing technology and flood modelling methods are irrelevant due to unavailability of data. Bad weather and temporal resolution (Revisit time)affect the availability of satellite imagery in peak flood hour and for flood modelling, discharge data are required. Mapping the flood is very important for future references and planning. In Kerala, a major flood occurred was on 1924, which is almost 100 years back and we cannot predict the future events also so that a flood map is essential for the future references. By taking Meloor Panchayat, Kerala as study area we have designed a methodology for calculating the flood inundated area using GIS and PGIS technologies. Flood depth was surveyed using a participatory GIS approach and this paper demonstrates the capability of GIS technology to accurately map the flood inundated area.By this method, we found that the flood height of some regions was up to 7.6 M, which is more than a double storied building and 53% of the study area was flood inundated.
Community resilience has become an important policy and research concept for understanding and addressing the challenges associated with the interplay of climate change, urbanization, population growth, land use, sustainability, vulnerability and increased frequency of extreme flooding. Although measuring resilience has been identified as a fundamental step toward its understanding and effective management, there is, however, lack of an operational measurement framework due to the difficulty of systematically integrating socioeconomic and techno-ecological factors. The study examines the challenges, constraints and construct ramifications that have complicated the development of an operational framework for measuring resilience of flood-prone communities. Among others, the study highlights the issues of proliferation of definitions and conceptual frameworks of resilience, challenges of data availability, data variability and data compatibility. Adopting the National Academies' definition of resilience, a conceptual and mathematical model was developed using the dimensions, quantities and relationships established by the definition. A fuzzy logic equivalent of the model was implemented to generate resilience indices for three flood-prone communities in the United States. The results indicate that the proposed framework offers a viable approach for measuring community flood resilience, even when there is a limitation on data availability and compatibility.
This paper reviews the practice and research trends in disaster resilience and disaster risk reduction literature since 2012. It applies the rapid appraisal methodology to explore developments in the field and to identify key themes in research and practice. In particular, the paper examines how the emerging themes of disaster risk reduction from the Sendai Framework are being integrated into health risk management and disaster governance paradigms. The research findings identify three important emerging themes: socialization of responsibility for resilience; ongoing interest in risk management with an emphasis on public private partnerships as enabling mechanisms; and a nuanced exploration of the concept of adaptive resilience.
Flood resilience has been rising up the political, economic and social agendas. Taking an integrated systems approach, using the right design guidance and tools and ensuring that education is in place for all stakeholders are three themes which are intrinsically linked to delivering flood resilience. This paper reviews these themes across the academic research, policy landscape and practitioner approaches, drawing conclusions on the way forward to increase our societies resilience to floods. The term ‘flood resilience’ is being increasingly used, however, it remains to be clearly defined and implemented. The UK, USA and Australia are leading the way in considering what flood resilience really means, but our review has found few examples of action underpinned by an understanding of systems and complexity. This review investigates how performance objectives & indicators are currently interpreted in guidance documents. It provides an in-depth exploration of the methods, that although developed through European and US expertise, can be used for worldwide application. Our analysis highlights that resilience is often embedded in engineering education and frequently linked to risk. This may however, mask the importance of resilience and where it differs from risk. With £2.6 billion to be spent in the UK over the next 6 years on strengthening the country’s flood and coastal defences, this is the opportunity to rethink resilience from a systems approach, and embed that learning into education and professional development of engineers. Our conclusions indicate how consolidating flood resilience knowledge between and within critical infrastructure sectors is the way forward to deliver flood resilience engineering.
How does being a family business contribute to resilience in a turbulent business environment? We draw on the Sustainable Family Business Theory (SFBT) to highlight the role of family capital (human, social, and financial capital) in the resilience of a sample of family firms. We collected data through semi-structured interviews with managers of four Tunisian family firms after the political revolution between 2011 and 2014, which triggered economic instability and business discontinuities. Organizational agility and resilience consequently became vital. We find that social capital of family firms, which may be composed of local and/or international contacts, contributes the most to firms’ ability to absorb shocks, reallocate existing resources, and internalize practices that allow firms to cope with future disturbances. We also find that financial capital is largely determined by social capital and human capital of family firms. Our research contributes to the family business resilience literature by showing how developing resilience at an individual level (social capital) fosters organizational level (family business) resilience. The interactions between the three dimensions of social capital are particularly interesting for sustainable family business theorists. We show that financial capital mediates the impact of human and social capital in order to strengthen firms’ resilience. Our research also has implications for the international entrepreneurship literature: we found that international contacts provide family businesses in crisis with strong social support together with access to strategic opportunities at the local level. Future research could focus on the direct and indirect impacts of several dimensions of family capital in order to test which configuration of family capital leads to the greatest resilience. Studies could also further explore the impact of the network of international contacts in the strategic renewal of resilient family firms by identifying international opportunities.
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to review existing literature at the intersection of resilience and entrepreneurship. It identifies six scholarly conversations, each of which draws on distinct notions of resilience and entrepreneurship. Based on those conversations, shortcomings in the existing literature are discussed and avenues for future research are outlined.
Design/methodology/approach
A systematic multi-disciplinary review of 144 papers that are categorized into six scholarly conversations to build the foundation for a critical discussion of each line of inquiry.
Findings
This paper identifies six conversations or research streams at the intersection of entrepreneurship and resilience: resilience as traits or characteristics of entrepreneurial firms or individuals, resilience as a trigger for entrepreneurial intentions, entrepreneurial behavior as enhancing organizational resilience, entrepreneurial firms fostering macro-level (regions, communities, economies) resilience, resilience in the context of entrepreneurial failure, and resilience as a process of recovery and transformation. The review revealed these publications imprecisely define constructs and use a limited amount of the extant scholarship on both entrepreneurship and resilience. Future research should take a more holistic approach to explore entrepreneurship and resilience from a multi-level and longitudinal perspective, especially in the context of socio-ecological sustainability.
Originality/value
This paper incorporates insights on resilience and entrepreneurship across academic disciplines to show how future contributions could benefit by incorporating research from other fields. In doing so, it provides a starting point for more nuanced discussions around the interrelationships between the different conversations and the role entrepreneurs can play in promoting a positive, long-term trajectory for a socio-ecological system.
This paper addresses questions raised by Storr, Haeffele-Balch and Grube in their book Community Revival in the Wake of Disaster: Lessons in Local Entrepreneurship (2015). I review the reasons why the book is timely, especially the rising number and costs of disasters globally and the shifting norms on the role of government in disaster management. Social capital serves as a critical engine for resilience to crisis, and I move to demonstrate its importance in the mitigation and recovery stages. Then, I raise a research agenda based on their writings, focusing on building quantitative evidence to match the qualitative data already gathered by the authors. Specifically, I focus on testing claims about the definition and density of entrepreneurs, the role of polycentricity, and the public policy pools that would build entrepreneurial talent in vulnerable communities.
Most studies on entrepreneurship have highlighted the relative importance of a conducive environment for the development of entrepreneurship. This notwithstanding, entrepreneurship has been noted to thrive even under the most adverse conditions, such as during economic, social and political instabilities. Using resilience as the propensity to bounce back after adversity and xenophobia, crime, unhealthy competition, etc. as correlates of adversity or an unconducive business environment, this paper investigated the preponderance of Somali grocery shops in South African township despite the perceived hostility of the business environment. Anchored on the qualitative research approach, a purposive sample of 13 participants provided the required data for analysis. Specifically, the data collection took the form of focus group interviews in which two groups of 6 and 7 informants were purposively selected to be part of the interviews. Prominent in the results was the fact that almost all the current Somali grocery shops in the study area have been victims of crime and theft. Furthermore, virtually all the Somali grocery shops that were victimized during the xenophobic outburst have since re-opened. The foregoing themes of resilience and adversity unmistakably indicate the propensity of Somali grocery shop owners' ability to bounce back. As to what township entrepreneurs worry or fear most, clearly the fear of the re-occurrence of the xenophobic attacks surpassed that of burglary, theft and death. As to what fuels Somali's persistence and preponderance in townships, both push and pulled factors were reported. Reporting on risk aversion, it was noted that most of the founders (here referred to as an entrepreneur) are not actively involved in running the shops. They simply recruit others to do the job on their behalf. Under this circumstance, the risk is limited to financial risk. This approach is quite different for other African immigrants in the same township.
Overall, the book builds on and extends our research over the last decade or so on the topic of learning from failure. Our research on this topic began with Shepherd (2003) and continues to this day (i.e., papers published in 2014 and 2015 and in press). The book covers (1) the failures of projects, businesses, family businesses, and even college football matches with (2) rich data from a variety of industries—from knowledge-intensive research and development to drug development to founding teams to college football teams—(3) across a variety of countries, such as the United States, Germany, the United Kingdom, Ireland, and Australia, (4) and across multiple levels of analysis, including the individual entrepreneur, his or her team, his or her business, and his or her regional location. By recombining knowledge from our existing studies with new material and rich examples (including from original qualitative data), we are able to offer a cohesive story of learning from failure that generates many new insights over and above the accumulation of our published research on the topic.
This article examines the relationships between disaster type and firms’ disaster responses. We draw on a unique dataset of 2,164 press releases related to the occurrence of 206 natural disasters (hurricanes, flooding, tornadoes, and wildfires) over a 10-year period (2005-2014) to analyze how firm responses are shaped by the type of disaster it faces. Firms play an increasingly important role in disaster response. We find that firms engage in more anticipatory responses when the type of disaster a firm faces exhibits even impact dispersion and high expected recurrence, and provides substantial warning. Our study draws a relationship between physical geography, disaster type, and more anticipatory firm responses which can improve how firms and communities respond to the risks posed by different types of natural disasters. The article concludes by outlining an agenda for future research on firm responses to natural disasters.
This paper examines the implications of the 'digital divide' on the capabilities for Small and Medium Sized enterprises (SMEs) to operate in the face of challenging economic times, such as the Coronavirus pandemic. Previous research has shown that rural businesses, especially SMEs, are more impacted by lower levels of digital connectivity than those in urban areas, with this digital divide affecting business' entrepreneurial activity. Using data from a survey of 110 businesses in Wales, the paper investigates the barriers and opportunities associated with the accessibility of high-speed broadband services and its impact on business decisions. Findings show that digital connectivity across rural areas of Wales has improved due to infrastructure investments; however, many businesses were still without reliable digital connections. Logistic regression findings show that location and distance to urban areas are significant variables relating to satisfactory levels of digital connectivity, with the impact of these more evident in rural areas. The implications of which are reduced opportunities for businesses to pursue diversified activities, limiting the ability of these businesses to develop resilience in economically challenging times. Furthermore, the paper considers how the Coronavirus pandemic has driven many business activities online, therefore businesses with less reliable access to digital connectivity and lacking an online presence are likely to be more constrained in their ability to be resilient.
This book is part of a six-volume series on Disaster Risk Reduction and Resilience. The series aims to fill in gaps in theory and practice in the Sendai Framework, and provides additional resources, methodologies and communication strategies to enhance the plan for action and targets proposed by the Sendai Framework. The series will appeal to a broad range of researchers, academics, students, policy makers and practitioners in engineering, environmental science and geography, geoscience, emergency management, finance, community adaptation, atmospheric science and information technology.
This volume discusses how to measure and build disaster resilience at society’s capacity, drawing upon individual, institutional and collective resources to cope with and adapt to the demands and challenges of natural disaster occurrences. The book will serve as a guide, outlining the key indicators of disaster resilience in urban and rural settings, and the resources and strategies needed to build resilient communities in accordance with the targets of the Sendai Framework. Readers will learn about multi-risk reduction approaches using computational methods, data mining techniques, and System Thinking at various scales, as well as institutional and infrastructure resilience strategies based on several case studies.
The paper examines the role of specific properties of the university ecosystem on the entrepreneurial activity of university students in Costa Rica. We examined the influence of four predictors of entrepreneurial intention, specifically university environment, entrepreneurship education, learning program, and entrepreneurial reputation. The study tested four proposed hypotheses using hierarchical linear regression models on a sample of 4,158 Costa Rican university students drawn from the GUESSS 2018 database. The findings reveal that the skills, abilities, and values that students acquire on university courses, and a recognised entrepreneurial reputation acknowledged by students contribute positively to their entrepreneurial intention. Overall, this study provides further evidence that a universitys environment, entrepreneurship education, learning program, and entrepreneurial reputation all contribute separately to entrepreneurial intention. However, the results differ considerably when taken in combination, whereupon it is a universitys learning program and entrepreneurial reputation that contribute most positively to entrepreneurial intention.
Resilience is an important concept in planning/policy. The diversity of theoretical conceptualisations, lack of a clear definition, and ambiguity in application to cities have made urban resilience a difficult concept to pin-down. This paper explores the dimensions of urban resilience to conceptualise and operationalise resilience, connecting theory and practice using two Australian cases. The findings call for a reconsideration of the existing dimensions (infrastructural, ecological, social and community, economic, and institutional) and highlight urban political resilience, a new dimension essential for a transformative adaptation approach.
Due to the increasing occurrence of disruptions across our global society, it has become critically important to understand the resilience of different socio-economic systems, i.e., to what extent those systems exhibit the ability both to resist a disruption and to recover from one once it occurs. In order to characterize this ability, however, one must be able to quantitatively measure the relative level of resilience that a given system displays in response to a disruptive event. Such a measurement should be easily understandable and straightforward to implement, but it should also utilize a consistent frame of reference so that one can properly compare the relative performance of different systems and assess the relative effectiveness of different resilience investments. With this in mind, this paper presents an improved approach for measuring system resilience that supports better decision making by providing both consistency and flexibility across different contexts. The theoretical basis for the approach is developed first, and then its advantages and limitations are illustrated in the context of several different practical examples.
The concept of resilience is a complex, multidisciplinary, and multidimensional phenomenon. It is now being increasingly used in the fields of disaster and climate change. There is a need to identify similarities and differences in both research domains to identify characteristics and linkages for potential integration. Using the Web of Science database, this study has conducted bibliometric analyses based on three categories, i.e. "disaster resilience", "climate change resilience" and "disaster and climate change resilience". Historical development, keyword, citation and co-citation, institutions, and country-wise analyses were performed. The study identified 4264 and 8164 research articles on disaster resilience and climate change resilience, respectively. Moreover, a total of 927 publications have used both disaster and climate change resilience, which is termed as integrated resilience. The study has revealed an emerging and rapidly growing trend in both climate change and disaster resilience. Comparatively, the number of publications on climate change resilience outweighed disaster resilience. The studies were published by various disciplines, but the majority were in environmental sciences and studies categories. Interestingly, disaster resilience has been studied by more disciplines than climate change resilience. Vulnerability and adaptation were key concepts linking integrated research on resilience. It is recommended to develop a shared understanding of resilience thinking under disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation philosophy. It is argued that resilience can be used as a bridging concept between the fields to truly recognize its potential. The results of this study can help and guide future research on integrating climate change and disaster resilience.
It has been argued that learning from flood experience contributes to flood resilience. However, it is unclear what such a learning process involves, and it is debatable whether flood experience always leads to flood resilience. To bridge this research gap, we develop the Learning from Floods (LFF) model to articulate the process of learning from flood experience and how it affects flood resilience. The LFF model suggests that flood experience prompts individual and social learning to give rise to flood-related knowledge, which is subject to learning opportunity, learning motivation, and prior knowledge. Flood-related knowledge could inform flood management and/or other action, which however can be limited by barriers, including information and resource availability, attitude, social capital, and policy barriers. Together, flood-related knowledge and its resulting action are considered the lesson learned, which then affects flood resilience through changing floodability, recoverability, adaptability, and/or transformability. We apply the LFF model to discuss the different learning processes and their respective effects on flood resilience in two environments. It suggests that an environment that is well-protected by flood control infrastructure is not conducive to learning about flood mitigation. Subsequently, we call for learning-based flood mitigation to nurture flood resilience in the face of climate change.
Climate change is affecting the frequency and intensity of rainfall extreme events worldwide. Despite the growing global awareness, developing flood resilient cities has proven to be a major challenge. This paper investigates the application of an event-based scalable Flood Resilience Index (FRI) for assessing climate change adaptation. Flood resilience is represented by three dimensions: physical, social and economic. A household climate adaptation is adopted consisting of a combination of a flood-proof gate with an indoor tank and a submersible pump system implemented in all houses. The climate related impact under a high-emission scenario (RCP8.5) is analysed for Munich with the CRCM5 Large-Ensemble. Results show that for Munich extreme heavy rainfall events are increasing. The FRI can successfully identify households and districts which: a) are mostly affected by heavy rainfall, b) benefit the most from the climate adaptation, and c) are the most resilient. For the most severe future scenario investigated the climate adaptation measure was able to improve 57% of all affected buildings within Maxvorstadt to an FRI equal to 1.0 during the event and recovery phase.
Entrepreneurial orientation is especially important for economic growth, innovation, and employment. This paper investigates how entrepreneurs’ narcissism and resilience affect the entrepreneurial orientation of small and medium sized enterprises. We identify two sides of entrepreneur narcissism: exhibitionism and manipulation. Using survey data from 114 firms, our results show that the exhibitionistic sides of narcissism and entrepreneur resilience have a positive effect on entrepreneurial orientation, while the manipulative side of narcissism has a negative impact. Our findings show also that resilience moderates the relationship between narcissism and entrepreneurial orientation. This study contributes to the understanding of the antecedents of entrepreneurial orientation.
This paper uses narrative analysis to explore the moral identity work of senior
managers in UK for-profit businesses and finds that they adopt a broad strategy of
constructing themselves as essentially moral with recourse to three main tactics -
claiming that they are moral due to their upbringing, asserting that they are unable to
tolerate unethical behaviour and contending that they know right from wrong
because of an inbuilt sense of morality. These findings contribute to understanding in
the under-researched area of individual moral identity within a business context, as
well as offering a fresh perspective to the broader field of business ethics research.
Organizations have to strive in an uncertain and challenging environment. Hence, the role resilience played at work has been of special interest in the last decade, although empirical research is still scant, especially regarding the antecedents and the consequences resilience has. In this study we analyse the role corporate social responsibility plays towards employees (CSRE) in the promotion of resilience at work, and how resilience results in organizational learning capability (OLC) and firm performance. Structural equation modelling was used to test our model with a sample of 296 companies from different sectors. Results show that CSRE had a positive influence on organizational resilience, which in turn affected firm performance via OLC. Therefore, we tested the antecedents and consequences resilience had empirically, whose practical implications in terms of further human resource management activities are also discussed.
This study aims at evaluating the effect of entrepreneur resilience on entrepreneurial perceived success, and the moderating role of stakeholders' engagement on the aforementioned relationship, proposing and testing two related hypotheses. Accordingly, although there has been an increasing interest in organisational resilience, resilience at an individual level has received less attention, especially from the entrepreneur perspective. To reach the paper's goal, we apply a quantitative methodology involving data gathered from 117 entrepreneurs managing small businesses active in different industries. The research findings indicate that perceived resilience of entrepreneurs is positively associated with their perception of success. Moreover, the relationship is stronger for entrepreneurs with a wide network of stakeholders. These findings help making a step forward in this field of research and suggesting entrepreneurs' valuable social and practical implications.
Risk is a pivotal concept in entrepreneurship research, as entrepreneurs constantly face uncertainty, ambiguity, setbacks, and stressful situations. Attitudes toward risk vary contingent upon individual risk preferences and cultural influences. Building resilience is critical for entrepreneurs to overcome obstacles, deal with risk, and grow their ventures. By juxtaposing effectuation theory and resilience literature, we compare the perceptions of risk held by Chinese returnees and local entrepreneurs and their coping strategies in building resilience. Our research reveals two types of coping approaches, namely effectual coping and causal coping. This study contributes to the comparative international entrepreneurship literature by contextualizing the notion of risk held by entrepreneurs influenced by Eastern and Western cultures. Our study further contributes to the nascent literature on resilience in organizations by specifying the entrepreneurial occupational context and exploring the influence of cultures on resilience, and by identifying distinctive resilience‐building coping strategies based upon cultural influences and interpretations of risk. Furthermore, we suggest that resilience can constitute one micro‐foundation of effectuation theory in the context of entrepreneurship dealing with risk.
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Purpose
Leadership development has attracted much research attention within the human resource development (HRD) community. However, little scholarly effort has been made to study a special group of leaders – entrepreneurs. This paper aims to fill in this knowledge gap by taking a close look at entrepreneurial resilience, a key ability of entrepreneurs to overcome challenges and adapt to uncertainties.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper conducted an extensive literature review using conceptual analysis as the primary method. Enablers and inhibitors affecting entrepreneurial resilience development were identified from the selected empirical studies.
Findings
From the analysis of empirical studies, a set of enablers and inhibitors was identified, and the effects on entrepreneur resilience were explored. Based on identified enablers and inhibitors, an integrative model of entrepreneurial resilience that serves as a building block for entrepreneurial resilience theory building was proposed.
Originality/value
Findings from this research and the newly proposed model will not only contribute to the much-needed entrepreneurial resilience theory building but also serve as a useful guide for human resource professionals and trainers in designing leadership development interventions.
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to address the knowledge gap in the field of dark tourism by understanding the phenomena of phoenix tourism, which focuses on the transformation and rebirth of places following death and disasters.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper builds on existing theoretical understanding of dark tourism and disaster recovery to explore destination image recovery within the tourism industry. It uses phoenix tourism as a lens to understand the social, cultural and economic context of post-disaster tourism destination recovery and rebranding in the aftermath of the Indian Ocean Tsunami and Hurricane Katrina.
Findings
A presentation of post-disaster strategies and recommendations are given with attention to the re-branding of images once associated with death and darkness to enhance a destination’s resilience.
Practical Implications
For local policymakers, tourism leaders, researchers and community developers, this research describes strategies that facilitate rebranding dark tourism sites, such as areas of rebirth or “phoenix tourism”, to enhance destination recovery image and to promote a more disaster- and risk-resilient tourism industry.
Originality/value
This paper bridges the knowledge gap by defining and contributing to the theoretical understanding of phoenix tourism as it identifies the what, how and why elements of the phenomena of phoenix tourism. Furthermore, the authors propose how to overcome negative destination images to preserve, present or redefine an image of a tourist destination “overcoming”, and eventual “rebirth” serves to re-calibrate resilience of the tourism industry and regional redevelopment.