No full-text available
To read the full-text of this research,
you can request a copy directly from the authors.
KINETICS AND THERMODYNAMICS STUDIES OF THE ADSORPTION OF Cu2+ USING TEA LEAVES AND TEA FIBRE (Camellia Sinensis) AS ADSORBENTS
Abstract
Pollution of waterways is increasing geometrically on daily basis and this is becoming a serious threat to human health, aquatic ecosystems and aquaculture, these pollutions mostly include heavy metals. These heavy metals pose danger due to their high ability of bio accumulation and bio magnifications along the aquatic food chain. Thus, the aim of this research work is to determine the efficiency of Tea Leaves and Tea Fibre as adsorbents in the removal of Cu2+ from aqueous solutions. From the analysis, the adsorbents show high efficiency above 97% in the removal Cu2+during the treatment of waste water. The high efficiency of the used adsorbents in the removal of Cu2+ from aqueous solution shows its distinctive property as good adsorbents; hence tea fibre and tea leaves may be used in the treatment of waste water containing Cu2+.
... In the expansive realm of the interstellar medium (ISM), where molecular interactions occur under extreme conditions, the investigation of weakly bound complexes has become a pivotal pursuit (Whitfield et al., 2013;Keutsch et al., 2013;Etim et al., 2023;. Microwave spectroscopic studies have played a crucial role in unravelling the intricate structures and bonding of such complexes, primarily focusing on hydrogenbonded and van der Waals interactions Oladimeji et al., 2022). ...
... The historical journey began in 1972 when Klemperer and colleagues observed the groundbreaking (HF) complex, initiating an era of exploration into the complexities of molecular bonding (Benjamin et al., 2023). The classification of weakly bound complexes as hydrogen-bonded or van der Waals has stirred debate, with recent studies challenging traditional notions (Obaidulla et al., 2024;Etim et al., 2023). The term "non-covalent interactions" has emerged to encompass both hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interactions, showcasing the evolving landscape of molecular understanding . ...
The study of various weakly bound complexes in the interstellar medium has posed significant challenges. Isoprene which is a fundamental organic molecule, and Argon which is a noble gas, form a complex that serves as an essential model system for examining molecular interactions in space. This research investigates the isoprene-Argon complex through the combination of Pulsed Nozzle Fourier Transform Microwave (PNFTMW) spectrometry and advanced computational methods. Utilizing a PNFTIR spectrometer, the study focuses on rotational transitions of both the Isoprene monomer and Isoprene-Argon complex, providing valuable insights into their vibrational and rotational characteristics. The discussion encompasses rotational constants (A, B, C) and dipole moment components (|μa|/D, |μb|/D, |μc|/D), shedding light on the complex's rotational behaviour and charge distribution along principal axes. The observed variations in rotational constants across diverse quantum chemical methods highlight the importance of method selection, while differences in dipole moments show the complex's sensitivity to computational nuances. The findings contribute to a better understanding of the Isoprene-Argon complex's molecular structure and its potential implications in interstellar chemistry. This multidisciplinary approach lays the groundwork for future investigations into molecular interactions and the refinement of computational models for improved predictive accuracy in describing complex molecular properties.
... Factors which have been found o influence adsorption include surfactant concentration, pH, temperature and the presence of inorganic ions in the ore pulp, the degree of adsorption is intimately related to flotation. Flotation technique is often employed in the separation of solids of similar densities which cannot be separated by gravity using jigging and tabling [27][28][29]. Soap molecules exhibit amphipatic characteristics and as such are able to alter the surface properties of a system by their preferential orientation for optimum interaction at the interface [30]. A crude castor oil is a pale straw colour but turns colourless or slightly yellowish after refining and bleaching. ...
Derived adsorbates viz; AI3+ , Ca2+ and K± soaps of Butryspermum parkii and those of Hevea brasiliensis oils were prepared. Their uptake onto home-based ore (hematite as adsorbent) was investigated for the role played by spiked ionic charges and at various ionic concentrations. This research supports the fact that the electrostatic and diffusion processes are critical in adsorption studies. Investigations revealed the effect of cations (K+, Ba 2+ and Al3+) on the adsorption of potassium shea butter soap onto a metallic ore wherein there is increase in adsorption capacity (qe) at initial (low) concentrations up to a maximum after which adsorption capacity remains constant within rages of higher cationic concentrations. The trends at which univalent ion, K+ affects adsorption at lower ionic concentration is higher and up to 1.5×10 2 mmol/L concentration level beginning from an initial concentration of 0.2×10 2 mmol/L. Different chemical ionic surfaces were created by spiking or impregnating metallic soap adsorbates with salts of K, Ba, Al, Nitrate, sulphates and phosphates respectively. This is to generate +1,+2,+3,−1,−2 and −3 ionic charged surfaces respectively. Adsorption capacity (qe) value increased linearly to an equilibration point for cationic (K + , Ba 2+ and Al 3+) spiked Ricinus soaps adsorption. The reverse was the case observed for the anionic (NO-, SO2- and PO 3-) spiked soaps of Ricinus oil where qe at equilibration decreases with increase in ionic charge. This work further arrayed the respective isotherm constants (A, b, n, R L, Ka, BD, qe, qs, qm etc) deduced from Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, BET and Dubinin Radushkevich isotherms.
... It is semi-drying and consists of 17 -22% saturated fatty acids and 17 -82% unsaturated fatty acids and is comparable to drying oils commonly used in surface coating. It is composed mainly of linolenic acid (50%) [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39]. Shea butter oil botanically called Butyrospermum parkii is a soft paste of melted fat with a milky colour in solid form and brownish when melted. ...
This research investigates the influence of time, pH, and temperature on the adsorption of various metallic soaps onto hematite particles in aqueous suspension. The metallic soaps studied were derived from potassium, calcium, and aluminum cations, combined with shea butter, castor oil, and rubber seed oil. The ultimate goal is to assess their potential application as collector reagents in mineral processing, specifically for hematite flotation. The study reveals that adsorption increases with time for all soap types, reaching equilibrium within 48-50 minutes. Potassium soaps exhibit the fastest adsorption, followed by calcium soaps, and lastly aluminum soaps. Adsorption density is found to be directly proportional to pH up to a peak at the zero-point charge (pHpzc) of hematite. This suggests optimal interaction between the adsorbent and adsorbate at the neutral charge state of the hematite surface. Beyond this pH, adsorption density declines, indicating repulsion between similarly charged species. The order of maximum adsorption capacity is potassium > calcium > aluminum soaps, likely due to the varying size and charge of the metallic cations. As temperature rises, adsorption density initially decreases for all soaps, reaching a minimum at 50°C. This is attributed to the weakening of attractive forces between the soap molecules and the hematite surface. Adsorption stabilizes and reaches equilibrium between 60-70°C. The trend in maximum adsorption capacity with cation type mirrors that observed for pH. The results suggest that physisorption is the primary adsorption mechanism, potentially followed by chemisorption at higher temperatures.
... The removal of chromium and cadmium was more than 90% in 10, 20, 30 and 40 min of contact time. It is obvious that Camellia sinensis is a suitable adsorbent that can be used for the effective removal of high chromium and cadmium concentration in waste water or industrial effluents as shown by the adsorption kinetic studies [16]. This current study focuses on the specific biosorption of nickel, a common heavy metal contaminant, using both tea leaves and tea fibers (Camellia sinensis) as adsorbents. ...
The adsorption behavior of tea leaves and tea fiber ( Camellia sinensis ) as low-cost adsorbent with respect to nickel was investigated to justify its usage in wastewater treatment. A good number of adsorption constraints were investigated which provides information about the effect of pH value, temperature, adsorbent dosage, time of contact as well as the starting concentration of the simulated system on the sorption process itself. From the result effects of these parameters could be seen in the biosorption of Nickel by both the tea leaves and fibers. The optimal pH for Ni biosorption in tea leaves and fiber is between 3 and 5, with the highest removal at pH 5 and a dosage of 3 g. The leaf adsorbent is more effective at 50 mg/L metal ion concentration showing 99.8% Nickel removal. The kinetics was best described by the pseudo-second order which gave the most convincing fit. The Langmuir isotherm gives R ² values of 0.990 and 0.985 for tea leaves and tea fiber and Freundlich isotherm gives 0.985 and 0.980 values for tea leaves and tea fiber correspondingly with the Langmuir isotherm having higher R ² values considered the most suitable. In the long run, this process was endothermic, spontaneous, and of course thermodynamically feasible hence, the adsorbent was considered fit for wastewater treatment.
... Griseofulvin is also known to have certain side effects one of which is the reputable erectile dysfunction. The proteins involved in erectile studies are the Human Phosphodiesterase (PDE) 5 proteins (1UDU and 1UDT) [35,36]. One of the notable roles of PDEs is their involvement in modulating vasodilation, a physiological process that involves the relaxation of smooth muscles, leading to an increase in blood vessel diameter. ...
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a prevalent condition affecting a significant portion of the male population. This research delves into the potential link between Griseofulvin, a known antifungal medication, and its impact on erectile function. A comprehensive computational approach was employed. Optimization of griseofulvin was carried out using the highly reputable density functional theory (DFT) with the B3LYP functional and 6–31*G(d,p) using water and ethanol as the solvents of interest. We explored the interactions of Griseofulvin with Human Phosphodiesterase 5 proteins (PDE5), specifically targeting the crystal structures 1UDT and 1UDU. Molecular docking studies provided valuable insights into the binding mechanisms of Griseofulvin with PDE5, shedding light on potential allosteric modulation and conformational changes. Further molecular docking studies were carried out on other popular antifungal drugs like amphotericin, terbinafine and ketoconazole in order to compare their interactions with 1UDT and 1UDU with that of griseofulvin. Through an array of computational analyses, including molecular dynamics simulations and binding free energy calculations, we aimed to elucidate the propagating effects of Griseofulvin on the catalytic activity and structural stability of PDE5. The findings from this research could contribute to a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying Griseofulvin's impact on erectile function, potentially opening avenues for the development of novel therapeutic interventions for ED.
The growing human population and industrial demands increase heavy metal contamination, posing health risks. This research explores sustainable methods for removing heavy metal using
Camellia sinensis, commonly known as tea leaves and tea fibers, examining adsorption capacity and effects of temperature, chemical dosage, time, and initial metal concentrations. Adsorption isotherms were employed to analyze the research data to show the thermodynamics and kinetics studies of the sorption process. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed active functional groups like C�O, N-H, and C-N in the Tea leaves and fibers. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm shows the correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.3791 and 0.0092 for investigating the biosorption of silver and 0.0379 and 0.1708 for the biosorption of lead by tea leaves and tea fibers respectively. On silver, the Freundlich isotherm shows R2 values for tea leaves and tea fibers as 0.5218 and 0.1392, respectively, and on lead, it yields R2 values of 0.0308 and 0.1771, respectively. The kinetic results utilized first and second-order kinetics, with the second order fitting well for experimental results of the sorption process of tea leaves and tea fibers sanctum on silver and lead. Thermodynamic studies suggest a spontaneous, endothermic, and practical adsorption process. This study indicated that Tea leaves is a more appropriate cost-effective Lead Pb(II) and Silver (Ag) removal of industrial effluent and wastewater.
This paper presents a biobsorption study on Zn and Pb(II) from dilute aqueous solution using tea fiber as the biosorbent. The biosorption study was carried out as a function of contact time, initial metal ion concentration and biosorbent dosage. The residual Zn and Pb(II) in solution were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The biosorption was also time dependent as maximum biosorption was obtained after 10 and 20 min, for both lead and zinc respectively. Kinetic studies show that the biosorption of both Zn and Pb(II) can be described by pseudo-second-order kinetics while that of Zn in addition, also fitted more to pseudo first order than that of Pb. For the metal ions, the biosorption efficiency increases with increase in initial metal ion concentration. These results indicate that tea fiber has a high potential for the uptake of Zn and Pb (II) from industrial effluents waste water and therefore, present yet another bright future in the treatment of industrial effluents containing these metals with a merit of the tea fiber been safe, readily available and cost effective.
In this research work, Low-cost adsorbent was prepared from Camellia sinensis, physicochemical characteristics and the effective removal of Lead and Zinc from an aqueous phase were evaluated.The Camellia sinensis adsorbent precursor was characterized in terms of adsorbent dose, initial concentration and contact time. Aqueous phase adsorption studies were carried out under kinetic studies of pseudo first order, pseudo second order kinetics and the residue concentration of Lead and Zinc were determined with the aid of a spectrometer. From the result of this studies, initial concentration has little effect in the removal, at lower concentration, the % removal is higher with just slight difference, in this study, the optimum initial concentration was 0.1 M. At optimal conditions, Lead and Zinc uptake increases with increase in biosorbent dose, in this study the optimum dosage was 2 g. The removal of Lead and Zinc was more than 90% in 10, 20, 30 and 40 minutes of contact time thus, presenting Camellia sinensis as a suitable adsorbent that can be used for effective removal of high Lead and Zinc concentration in water as shown by the adsorption kinetic studies.
Though there are many studies of heavy metal contaminations of urban dusts in developed countries, little attention has been paid to this kind of study in developing countries, including China. Therefore, a series of investigations were performed to provide heavy metal signatures of urban dusts and to evaluate potential sources in Xi'an, Shaanxi Province. Sixty-five samples of urban dusts were collected in Xi'an. Then Ag, Cr, Cu, Mn, Pb and Zn concentrations were determined by using atomic absorption spectrophotometry, and As, Hg and Sb concentrations by atomic fluorescence spectroscopy. The results indicate that, in comparison with Chinese soil, urban dusts in Xi'an have elevated metal concentrations as a whole, except those of arsenic and manganese. These concentration levels are comparable to those in other studies. Correlation coefficient analysis, principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) were performed and three main sources with corresponding cluster elements were identified: (1) Ag and Hg have commercial and domestic sources; (2) Cr, Cu, Pb, Sb and Zn are mainly derived from industrial sources, combined with traffic sources as well for Pb and Zn; (3) As and Mn come mainly from soil sources, and As also has an industrial source. Based on PCA and CA analyses, manganese was selected as the reference element, and heavy metal enrichment factors (Efs) were calculated, which in turn further confirms the source identification. Also, Efs give an insight of human influence degree of urban dusts.
In the present study, a deeper understanding of adsorption behavior of Pb(II) from aqueous systems onto activated carbon and treated activated carbon has been attempted via static and column mode studies under various conditions. It probes mainly two adsorbents that is, activated carbon (AC) and modified activated carbon (AC-S). Characterization of both the adsorbents was one of the key focal areas of the present study. This has shown a clear change or demarcation in the various physical and chemical properties of the modified adsorbent from its precursor activated carbon. Both the adsorbents are subjected to static mode adsorption studies and then after a comparison based on isotherm analysis; more efficient adsorbent is screened for column mode adsorption studies. The lead removal increased for sample of treated carbon. The extent of Pb(II) removal was found to be higher in the treated activated carbon. The aim of carrying out the continuous-flow studies was to assess the effect of various process variables, viz., of bed height, hydraulic loading rate and initial feed concentration on breakthrough time and adsorption capacity. This has helped in ascertaining the practical applicability of the adsorbent. Breakthrough curves were plotted for the adsorption of lead on the adsorbent using continuous-flow column operation by varying different operating parameters like hydraulic loading rate (3.0-10.5 m3/(hm2)), bed height (0.3-0.5 m) and feed concentrations (2.0-6.0 mg/l). At the end, an attempt has also been made to model the data generated from column studies using the empirical relationship based on Bohart-Adams model. This model has provided an objective framework to the subjective interpretation of the adsorption system and the model constant obtained here can be used to achieve the ultimate objective of our study that is, up scaling and designing of adsorption process at the pilot plant scale level. AC-S column regeneration using 0.5 and 1.0M concentration of HNO3 has been investigated. It has shown a regeneration efficiency of 52.0% with 0.5 M HNO3.
Varying the parameters such as agitation time, dye concentration, adsorbent dose, pH and temperature carried out the potential feasibility of thermally activated coir pith carbon prepared from coconut husk for removal of methylene blue. Greater percentage of dye was removed with decrease in the initial concentration of dye and increase in amount of adsorbent used. Kinetic study showed that the adsorption of dye on coir pith carbon was a gradual process. Lagergren first-order, second-order, intra particle diffusion model and Bangham were used to fit the experimental data. Equilibrium isotherms were analysed by Langmuir, Freundlich, Dubnin-Radushkevich, and Tempkin isotherm. The adsorption capacity was found to be 5.87 mg/g by Langmuir isotherm for the particle size 250-500 microm. The equilibrium time was found to be 30 and 60 min for 10 and 20 mg/L and 100 min for 30, 40 mg/L dye concentrations, respectively. A maximum removal of 97% was obtained at natural pH 6.9 for an adsorbent dose of 100 mg/50 mL and 100% removal was obtained for an adsorbent dose of 600 mg/50 mL of 10 mg/L dye concentration. The pH effect and desorption studies suggest that chemisorption might be the major mode of the adsorption process. The change in entropy (DeltaS0) and heat of adsorption (DeltaH0) of coir pith carbon was estimated as 117.20 J/mol/K and 30.88 kJ/mol, respectively. The high negative value of change in Gibbs free energy indicates the feasible and spontaneous adsorption of methylene blue on coir pith carbon.
Kinetic Studies of the Biosorption of Cr 2+ and Cd 2+ ion using Tea leaves
- E E Etim
- J E Asuquo
Etim, E. E., Asuquo J.E, Atoshi A.T,
Ngana O.C (2022). Kinetic Studies of the
Biosorption of Cr 2+ and Cd 2+ ion using Tea
leaves. Journal, Chemical Society of
Nigeria 47(1): 075-085
Determination of the biosorption heats of heavy metal ions on Zoogloea and Rhizopus arrhizus
- Bajpai
Bajpai (2010). Determination of the
biosorption heats of heavy metal ions on
Zoogloea and Rhizopus arrhizus. Biochem.
Eng. J., 6: 145-151.
Effect of Time on the Adsorption of Metallic Soaps onto Hematite in
- J E Asuquo
- D I Ugwuja
- E E Etim
Asuquo, J. E., Ugwuja, D. I., Etim, E. E
(2017) Effect of Time on the Adsorption of
Metallic Soaps onto Hematite in Aqueous
Media International Journal of Modern
Chemistry, 9(1): 69-77
Biosorption of reactive dye from textile wastewater by non-viable biomass of Aspergillus niger and Spirogyra sp., Science Direct
- Enteyari
Enteyari (2009). Biosorption of reactive
dye from textile wastewater by non-viable
biomass of Aspergillus niger and Spirogyra
sp.,
Science
Direct.
Bioresource
Technology 99: 6631-6634.