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The Maidan Massacre Trial and Investigation Revelations: Implications for the Ukraine-Russia War and Relations

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This study analyzes revelations from the trial and investigation in Ukraine concerning the mass killing that took place in Kyiv on 20 February 2014. This Maidan massacre of protesters and police led to the overthrow of the Yanukovych government and ultimately to the Russian annexation of Crimea, the civil war and Russian military interventions in Donbas, and the Ukraine-Russia and West-Russia conflicts which Russia escalated by illegally invading Ukraine in 2022. The absolute majority of wounded Maidan protesters, nearly 100 prosecution and defense witnesses, synchronized videos, and medical and ballistic examinations by government experts pointed unequivocally to the fact that the Maidan protesters were massacred by snipers located in Maidan-controlled buildings. To date, however, due to the political sensitivity of these findings and cover-up, no one has been convicted for this massacre. The article discusses the implications of these revelations for the Ukraine-Russia war and the future of Russian-Ukrainian relations.
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󰇃󰃍󰆽󰆻󰆽󰆾󰃎󰆼󰇃󰆼󰄀󰆽󰆻󰇀
brill.com/rupo
The Maidan Massacre Trial and Investigation
Revelations: Implications for the Ukraine-Russia
War and Relations
Ivan Katchanovski | 󰂹󰆻󰆻󰆻󰆻󰄀󰆻󰆻󰆻󰆼󰄀󰇃󰆽󰇁󰇁󰄀󰇄󰇄󰇃󰇂

󰂶󰂶󰂶N󰂶
ikatchan@uottawa.ca
Abstract

󰆕󰆓󰆕014.
        󰄀
󰂶󰄀
 󰂶  󰄀󰄀 
      󰆕󰆓󰆕2.     
󰂶󰆔󰆓󰆓  󰂶󰄀
󰂶󰄀
             
󰄀󰂺󰂶󰂶
󰄀󰂶     󰂺󰄀
󰄀
󰄀󰂺
Keywords
󰄍󰄍󰄍󰄍󰄍󰄍󰄍
󰄀󰄍
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󰆼󰇃󰆽 
󰇃󰃍󰆽󰆻󰆽󰆾󰃎󰆼󰇃󰆼󰄀󰆽󰆻󰇀
 l;  
 󰂷 
rul󰄘.󰇟

   󰂷      󰂶 
󰂶     󰂶    
󰂺󰇠

󰉄
‘E󰄘
󰆕󰆓󰂶󰆕󰆓󰆔󰆗󰂶
󰄀󰄀󰂺󰇡
󰄀

  󰂺󰇢
󰆞 Complete works of Voltaire: Philosophical Dictionary󰂶󰃍󰂹h.󰂶󰆔󰆛󰆔󰆚󰃎󰂹󰆚󰆛󰆛󰂺
󰆟 󰂶󰂺󰂶The Portable John Adams󰂶󰃍󰂹󰂶󰆕󰆓󰆓󰆗󰃎󰂹󰆕󰆘󰆘󰂺
󰆠          󰆕󰆕    
     󰂶 󰂶󰆗󰄀󰆙󰂶
2017;   󰂶
󰆕󰆜󰄀󰆕󰂶󰆕󰆓󰆔󰆛󰂷󰂹
󰆔󰆜󰆘󰆙           
󰂶󰂶
󰆔󰆖󰄀󰆔󰆗󰂶󰆕󰆓󰆔󰆛󰂷󰆘󰆕󰂶󰂶
󰂶󰆘󰄀󰆛󰆔󰆗󰄀󰆔󰆘󰂶󰆕󰆓󰆕0;󰆔󰆓
󰂶󰆖󰄀󰆛󰂶󰆕󰆓󰆕1.
󰆡 󰂺󰂺 󰂶 󰂺󰂶The Return of the Cold War: Ukraine, the West and Russia
󰃍󰂹󰃎󰂷 󰂺 󰂶 Ukraine Over the Edge: Russia, the West and the
“New Cold War”󰃍󰂶N󰂹󰂶 󰆕󰆓󰆔󰆛󰃎󰂷 󰂶“T ‘S󰄘
󰄛     󰂶󰄛     
󰂶  󰂶  󰆖󰄀󰆙󰂶 󰆕󰆓󰆔󰆘󰂶 󰂹//p󰂺󰂺o󰃈ol3/p
.c󰂿󰅨󰈺󰆕󰆙󰆘󰆛󰆕󰆗󰆘 󰃍 󰆔  󰆕02󰆕󰃎󰂷  󰂶 “T 
 󰂹 󰂶󰂶 󰄛 󰂶
The Return;󰆕󰆕󰆓󰄀󰆕24;󰂶“T󰂹󰄀
󰂿󰄛European Politics and Society󰆔󰆚󰂶󰆗󰃍󰆕01󰆙󰃎󰂹󰆗󰆚󰆖󰄀󰆗󰆛9;󰂶󰄙󰂹
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󰆼󰇃󰆾
󰇃󰃍󰆽󰆻󰆽󰆾󰃎󰆼󰇃󰆼󰄀󰆽󰆻󰇀
󰆕󰆗󰂶󰆕󰆓󰆕󰆕󰂶
󰂶󰂺󰇣
   
 󰂶        󰂶 󰄀
󰂶󰂶󰂺
         
󰂺     󰂹     

󰂿
          

󰂺󰇤󰂶
󰄀
󰄀󰂺
󰃍󰃎
           
󰆕󰆓       
󰂺
          
󰆗󰆛󰆗󰆜󰄀
󰆛󰆓󰆔󰆘󰆚󰆕󰆓
󰄘󰂺󰆕󰆓󰆔󰆜
󰂺
󰂶
Troop󰂶      󰂶    
           󰄀
󰂶󰂺󰂶󰂶 
 
󰂺󰂶
󰂺
      󰄛󰂶   󰄀
 󰂶󰂺󰂶Ukraine and Russia: People, Politics, Propaganda and Perspectives󰂶
󰃍󰂶󰄀 󰂶󰆕󰆓󰆔󰆘󰃎󰂹󰆛󰆓󰄀󰆛󰆜󰂷  󰂶“T 󰄛󰂶Russian
Politics & Law󰆘󰆗󰂶󰆔󰃍󰆕01󰆙󰃎󰂹󰆘󰄀󰆕󰆚󰂷󰂶Frontline Ukraine: Crisis in the Borderlands.
󰃍󰂹󰂺󰂺󰂶󰆕󰆓󰆔󰆘󰃎.
󰆢 󰂶“T󰄀󰄛󰂶
󰂶󰂶󰆔󰆘󰄀󰆔󰆛󰆕󰆓󰆕󰆕󰂶󰂹//p
󰂺󰂺o󰃈ol3/p󰂺󰂿󰅨󰈺󰆗󰆕󰆗󰆙󰆕󰆓󰆖󰃍󰆔󰆓󰆕02󰆖󰃎.
󰆣 󰄀󰂶Western Mainstream Media and the Ukraine Crisis: 
Propaganda󰂶󰃍󰂹󰂶󰆕󰆓󰆔󰆙󰃎.
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󰆼󰇃󰆿 
󰇃󰃍󰆽󰆻󰆽󰆾󰃎󰆼󰇃󰆼󰄀󰆽󰆻󰇀
󰂶󰄀

󰂶󰂺󰇥
      󰂶  

󰂺󰇦 󰂶     󰄀󰄀
󰄀
󰂺
󰂶󰂶󰂶
 󰄀     󰄀
            
󰄀󰄀󰂶󰂶
    

 
󰂺
󰂺󰇧
     󰂶  󰄘 󰂶 󰄀
󰄖󰄀󰄘󰂶󰂶󰂶
󰂺󰇟󰇞󰄀
󰂶󰂶
󰂶󰂶󰂶
󰄀󰄀
cr󰂺“E󰄛
󰂶  r.
󰂶
󰆤 󰄙󰄛󰂶  󰆙󰆙󰆓󰂶 󰂶 󰆔󰆓  󰆕01󰆗󰂶 󰂹/󰃈󰆔󰂺󰂺󰃈󰃈󰃈
󰃈󰄀󰄀󰄀󰄀󰄀󰄀󰄀󰄀󰄀󰄀󰄀󰄀󰆔00
.h󰃍󰆔󰆓󰆕02󰆖󰃎.
󰆥  󰂶 “T     󰄛󰂶  News󰂶 󰆔󰆔 
201󰆘󰂶󰂹/󰃈󰂺bc.co󰃈󰃈󰄀󰆖󰆔󰆖󰆘󰆜󰆓󰆕󰆔󰃍󰆔󰆓󰆕02󰆖󰃎.
󰆦 “T     󰄍  󰆔󰄛󰂶 󰆕󰆓󰆔󰆚󰂶 󰂹/󰃈󰂺 󰂺o󰃈h
󰂿󰈺󰆔󰆙󰆓󰃍󰆔󰆓󰆕02󰆖󰃎󰂷“T󰄍󰆕󰄛󰂶
201󰆚󰂶 󰂹/󰃈󰂺󰂺o󰃈󰂿󰈺󰆓󰆕󰆔󰃍 󰆔󰆓  󰆕02󰆖󰃎󰂷 
󰂶 󰄙󰄘  󰄛󰂶 󰆕󰆓󰆔󰆛󰂶 󰂹/󰃈󰂺 󰂺o󰃈󰂿󰈺
󰄀󰆚󰃍 󰆔󰆓  󰆕02󰆖󰃎󰂷  󰂺 󰂶“T  󰄛󰂶󰆕󰆓󰆕󰆕󰂶
󰂹//rumbl󰂺o󰃈󰆔󰆙󰆜󰄀󰄀󰄀󰂺󰃍󰆔󰆓󰆕02󰆖󰃎.
󰆞󰆝 󰄙
󰄛󰂶Myth Detector󰂶󰆕󰆕󰆕01󰆛󰂶󰂹//m󰂺
󰃈󰃈󰄀󰄀󰄀󰄀󰄀󰄀󰄀󰄀󰄀
󰄀󰄀󰄀󰄀󰄀󰃈󰃍󰆔󰆓󰆕02󰆖󰃎.
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󰆼󰇃󰇀
󰇃󰃍󰆽󰆻󰆽󰆾󰃎󰆼󰇃󰆼󰄀󰆽󰆻󰇀

󰂶󰂺󰇟󰇟
󰂶
󰂺󰄀
󰄖󰄘

‘E󰄘
 󰂺    󰂶 󰂶   

  󰄀 󰂺󰇟󰇠
󰆔󰆓󰆓󰂶󰂺󰇟󰇡
  󰂶     
    󰄀  󰂶    
󰄀
󰂺󰇟󰇢
    
󰂺󰇟󰇣
󰄀󰂶󰄀
󰂺󰂶

󰄀
󰂺󰇟󰇤
󰆞󰆞 󰄙󰂺󰄛
󰆞󰆟 󰂶  “S󰂷󰄛 󰂶  󰂷  󰂶 “T 
󰂶󰂶󰄛󰂶Journal of Labor and Society
2󰆖󰂶󰆔󰃍󰆕02󰆓󰃎󰂹󰆘󰄀󰆕󰆜󰂷󰂶Ukraine.
󰆞󰆠 󰂶  󰂶  󰂶 The World Disorder: US Hegemony, Proxy Wars,
Terrorism and Humanitarian Catastrophes󰃍󰂹󰂶󰆕󰆓󰆔󰆜󰃎󰂷󰂺󰂶War
with Russia: From Putin & Ukraine to Trump & Russiagate󰃍󰂹󰂶 󰆕󰆓󰆔󰆛󰃎󰂷
󰂶Ukraine;󰂶󰄙 
󰂹     󰄛󰂶 European Politics and Society󰆔󰆚󰂶  󰆗
󰃍󰆕01󰆙󰃎󰂹󰆗󰆘󰆖󰄀󰆗72;󰂶 “T  󰂹 󰂶   
󰄀󰄛󰂶International Critical Thought󰆙󰂶󰆗󰃍󰆕01󰆙󰃎󰂹󰆙󰆕󰆖󰄀󰆙44;
󰂶“T 󰄛󰂶Journal of Contemporary Central and Eastern Europe
2󰆗󰂶󰆔󰃍󰆕01󰆙󰃎󰂹󰆛󰆖󰄀󰆛󰆛󰂷󰂶Frontline󰂶󰆜󰆓󰄀󰆜󰆕󰂺
󰆞󰆡  󰂶 “W    󰂹      
󰄘󰆕󰆓󰆔󰆗󰄛󰂶Comparative Politics󰆘󰆓󰂶󰆗󰃍󰆕01󰆛󰃎󰂹󰆘󰆓󰆔󰄀󰆘21.
󰆞󰆢 󰂶 󰂷󰂶󰄙󰂹󰄀
  󰄘󰂶󰆕󰆓󰆔󰆖󰄀󰆕01󰆗󰄛󰂶Journal of
Eurasian Studies󰆔󰆔󰂶󰆕󰃍󰆕02󰆓󰃎󰂹󰆕󰆓󰆔󰄀󰆕1󰆘󰂺
󰆞󰆣 󰂺  󰂺ill󰂶 󰂺󰂶 Ukraine’s Euromaidan. Analyses of a Civil
Revolution󰃍󰂹Ibidem,󰆕󰆓󰆔󰆘󰃎.
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󰆼󰇃󰇁 
󰇃󰃍󰆽󰆻󰆽󰆾󰃎󰆼󰇃󰆼󰄀󰆽󰆻󰇀
󰆖  
󰂺󰇟󰇥 󰂶   󰄀
       󰂺󰇟󰇦
 󰄙󰂻󰂶    
󰂶󰄛“i
󰂶󰄛󰄙󰂺󰄛󰇟󰇧
󰂶     
󰂺
1 Data and Methodology
󰂶󰆔󰂶󰆓󰆓󰆓
󰂶󰂶󰄀
󰆕󰂶󰆘󰆓󰆓
󰂺󰇠󰇞
󰄀
󰂶󰂺
󰂶󰄀
󰂶
l.
󰄀
󰃍󰃎.󰇠󰇟
󰆞󰆤  󰄘 󰂶 Ukraine and Russia: From Civilized Divorce to Uncivil War 󰃍 󰂹
󰂶󰆕󰆓󰆔󰆜󰃎.
󰆞󰆥 󰂶“T󰂶󰄛
Consortium News󰂶 󰆕󰆕  󰆕01󰆜󰂶 󰂹//c󰂺om/201󰆜󰃈󰆓󰆗󰃈󰆕󰆕󰃈󰄀
󰄀󰄀󰄀󰄀󰄀󰄀󰄀󰄀󰃈󰃍󰆕󰆕󰆕02󰆖󰃎.
󰆞󰆦 󰄙 󰂹      󰂶   󰂶󰄛 󰆕󰆓󰆔󰆚󰂶
󰂹/󰃈󰂺󰂺o󰃈h?󰈺󰆙󰆛󰈺󰆖󰆖󰆚󰆗 󰃍󰆘󰆙󰂹󰆔󰆘󰃎󰃍󰆕󰆓 󰄀
󰆕02󰆔󰃎.
󰆟󰆝 “Z  󰄨󰎣 󰆕0.02.2󰆓󰆔󰆗   󰎣󰄩󰄛󰂶 Sudova vlada
Ukrainy󰂶󰎛󰂹/󰃈󰂺󰂺om/p󰂿󰈺󰆗󰆗󰆖
󰅨;󰃍 󰆔󰆓  󰆕02󰆖󰃎󰂷 Yedynyi derzhavnyi reyestr sudovykh rishen󰄘󰂶 󰂹//
󰂺 r.cour󰂺o󰂺󰃈󰃍󰆔󰆓󰆕02󰆖󰃎.
󰆟󰆞 󰂹󰆘󰆕
     󰄀 󰂶 󰂹/󰃈󰂺
/p󰆔󰆓󰃍󰆕󰆗󰆕02󰆖󰃎󰂷󰂹

 󰄀 󰂶 󰂹/󰃈󰂺󰃈󰆜󰆓 󰃍 󰆕󰆗 
202󰆖󰃎.
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󰆼󰇃󰇂
󰇃󰃍󰆽󰆻󰆽󰆾󰃎󰆼󰇃󰆼󰄀󰆽󰆻󰇀
1.1 Videos, Photos, and Audio Recordings
         
  
󰂺

󰂶
󰂺
󰂶󰂶
󰂶
 󰂶    
            
    m.󰇠󰇠      
  
   󰂶    
󰂺󰂶


󰂺
󰂶


󰂺󰂶󰂺
        󰂶  󰄀
󰂶󰄀󰄀
󰂺󰄀     
        󰃍  󰆔󰃎.󰇠󰇡
         󰂶
    󰄀     
󰂶󰂺󰇠󰇢
󰄀
       
󰆟󰆟 󰄙 “Z󰄛 󰃍󰆕󰄀 󰃎  󰆕󰂹󰆓󰆛󰂹󰆘󰆖󰄀󰆔󰆔󰂹󰆓󰆓 󰃍󰆕󰆓󰂺󰆓󰆕󰂺󰆕01󰆗󰃎󰂶󰄛 󰂶
󰂹/󰃈󰂺󰂺o󰃈󰂿󰈺󰄀󰅨󰆜 󰃍 󰆔󰆓  󰆕02󰆖󰃎󰂷 󰄙
“Z󰄛󰃍󰆕󰄀󰃎󰆖󰂹󰆔󰆓󰂹󰆘󰆛󰄀󰆔󰆚󰂹󰆖󰆔󰃍󰆕󰆓󰂺󰆓󰆕󰂺󰆕01󰆗󰃎󰂶󰄀
󰂹/󰃈󰂺󰂺co󰃈󰂿󰈺󰆔󰆜󰃍󰆔󰆓󰆕02󰆖󰃎.
󰆟󰆠  󰆔󰂺󰄀 
           󰃍
󰃎󰂶 󰂹/󰃈󰂺󰂺󰃈󰃈󰆖󰆙󰆜󰆘󰆓󰆖󰆙󰆗󰆕󰅨󰅨󰅨󰆔
󰅨h󰅨󰅨󰅨h󰅨󰄀󰅨󰅨󰅨bou󰅨󰅨h󰅨󰅨
󰅨󰅨i󰅨󰅨󰅨󰅨󰅨h󰅨󰅨󰅨󰅨󰎛󰃍
󰆕󰆗󰆕02󰆖󰃎.
󰆟󰆡 󰂶“T‘S󰄘󰂷󰄛󰂶“T󰄛.
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󰆼󰇃󰇃 
󰇃󰃍󰆽󰆻󰆽󰆾󰃎󰆼󰇃󰆼󰄀󰆽󰆻󰇀
󰂶
󰂺
󰄀      
 
󰂺
   
 
     󰂺      
  󰂶 󰂶
          󰂺󰇠󰇣  
󰂶
󰂶
󰄀󰂶󰂶
󰃍󰃎.
󰄘
    󰄀

   
󰃍
󰃎󰂺
        
󰂺
1.2 Eye-Witness Testimonies
󰆘󰆔󰆚󰆕󰂶󰆕󰆓
        󰂶 󰄀

󰄀󰂶󰂶
  󰂺󰆖󰆔 
      󰃈    
      󰂶   󰂶  
󰂶        󰂶  
󰄀󰂺󰆖󰆖
󰃈 
󰄀 󰂶    󰂶
󰂺󰃍󰃎.
           

󰆟󰆢  󰂶“S󰄀󰄛󰂶
󰂹/󰃈󰂺󰂺om/󰂿󰈺󰄀󰆚󰃍󰆔󰆛󰆕02󰆖󰃎.
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󰆼󰇃󰇄
󰇃󰃍󰆽󰆻󰆽󰆾󰃎󰆼󰇃󰆼󰄀󰆽󰆻󰇀
󰂺
󰂺󰂶

   󰂶 
“or.󰄛

   l.󰃍 󰂶
2󰂹󰆖󰆖󰃎󰂺󰄀
󰂺

    ‘o     󰄘󰂺󰃍
󰂶󰆔󰂹󰆗󰆔󰃎󰂺‘W 󰄘󰂶 
󰄀󰂺
󰂶
  󰂶        
󰂺
󰂺
  󰄀󰂶 󰄀
         
󰂺󰇠󰇤

󰂶
c.󰄀
r.󰃍󰂶󰆔󰆙󰂹󰆕󰆜󰃎.
 
󰂶󰄀

  󰂺 
  󰂺 
󰆛󰆓l.󰇠󰇥

           
󰆟󰆣 “Z   󰄀󰂶  󰄨󰎣  󰎣󰄩 󰄀
 󰂺󰄘󰂶   󰄘󰄛󰂶 tk.media󰂶
󰆖󰆕02󰆓󰂶󰂹/󰃈󰂺󰃈󰃈󰄀󰄀󰄀󰄀
󰄀󰄀󰄀󰄀󰄀󰄀󰄀󰄀󰄀󰄀󰄀
󰄀󰆕02󰆓󰄀󰆓󰆕󰄀󰆓3󰃍󰆕󰆙󰆕02󰆕󰃎.
󰆟󰆤 “Z󰆘󰂺󰆔0.202󰆔󰄛󰂹/󰃈󰂺 󰂺o󰃈󰂿󰈺󰆕󰈺󰆔󰆗󰆙󰆜
󰃍󰆕󰆙󰆕02󰆕󰃎󰂷󰂶󰄙󰆛󰆓
  󰄀   󰄛󰂶 󰆕󰆓󰆔󰆜󰂶 󰂹/󰃈󰂺󰂺om
󰃈󰂿󰈺󰃍󰆕󰆙󰆕02󰆕󰃎.
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󰆼󰇄󰆻 
󰇃󰃍󰆽󰆻󰆽󰆾󰃎󰆼󰇃󰆼󰄀󰆽󰆻󰇀
󰄀󰂺   

󰄀󰂺󰇠󰇦
            
󰂺󰇠󰇧
  
󰂺
󰄘󰂶
 󰂶  
󰂺󰄀
󰂺󰂶󰂶󰂶
󰂶󰂺
󰄀
󰄀
  
󰂺󰄀
󰂶  
󰄀
󰂺󰃍󰃎.
󰂶󰂶󰄀
󰂶
󰄀
󰂺󰄀
󰂶󰂶
󰂺󰃍󰃎󰂺󰄀
󰄀
󰂶󰂶󰂺
 󰂶       󰂶 
   󰂶     
 󰂺        
         󰂶    
󰄀      󰂶 
󰂶󰂺󰂶
󰂺
         
            
󰂶       󰂶 󰂶  
󰆟󰆥 󰂺
󰆟󰆦 “Z  󰆔4.12.202󰆔󰄛󰂶 󰂹/󰃈󰂺󰃈󰆔󰆛󰂿󰈺󰆙󰆓󰆕󰆙 󰃍 󰆕󰆙 
202󰆕󰃎.
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󰆼󰇄󰆼
󰇃󰃍󰆽󰆻󰆽󰆾󰃎󰆼󰇃󰆼󰄀󰆽󰆻󰇀
  󰂺    󰄙󰄛   
    󰄙 󰂺󰄛    
            

󰂺󰇡󰇞
󰄘 󰄀
     󰂶    󰂶    
󰃍󰃎󰂶
󰂺
󰂶󰄘
󰄀󰂺
         󰂺  

 󰂺 󰇡󰇟
󰂶󰂶
   
        󰄀  
󰂺󰂶󰂶 

󰄖󰄘h.󰇡󰇠󰂶
󰂶
󰄀    󰄀 󰂺  
󰂶󰄀󰂶   “r󰄛
       󰆕󰆓󰆔󰆛  󰆕󰆓󰆔󰆜  

󰆔󰆜󰆛9.󰇡󰇡
󰆠󰆝     󰄘     󰂶 󰄍
󰄛󰂶 󰆕󰆚  󰆕󰆚 󰆕󰆓󰆔󰆘󰂶 112 Ukraina󰂶 󰂹//11󰆕󰂺󰃈󰃈󰄀󰄀󰄀󰄀
󰄀󰄀󰄀󰄀󰄀󰄀󰄀󰄀󰆕3219󰆙󰂺󰎛󰃍
󰆕󰆙󰆕01󰆜󰃎󰂷󰄘󰂶󰄙󰄘  󰂹 󰄘󰂶
󰄛󰂶󰆔󰆜󰆔󰆜󰆕󰆓󰆔󰆘󰂶Ukrinform󰂶󰂹/󰃈󰂺 󰂺󰃈u
󰃈󰃈󰅨󰅨󰅨󰅨󰅨󰅨󰅨󰅨󰅨󰅨
󰅨󰅨󰅨󰅨󰅨󰆔󰆚󰆗󰆙󰆓󰆔󰆘󰃍󰆕󰆙󰆕02󰆕󰃎.
󰆠󰆞 󰂶󰂶󰄙󰄀󰄘󰂹󰆔󰆜󰆕󰆓󰆔󰆗󰄛󰂶
󰆗  󰆕01󰆛󰂶 Ukrainska Pravda󰂶 󰂹/󰃈󰂺 󰂺om.󰃈󰃈󰆕01󰆛󰃈󰆓󰆘󰃈󰆗󰃈󰆚󰆔󰆚󰆜󰆗󰆘󰆛
󰃍󰆔󰆙󰆕02󰆕󰃎.
󰆠󰆟 󰄙     󰄍 󰄛󰂺 󰆖  󰆖󰂶 󰆕󰆓󰆔󰆛󰂶
Vesti󰂶󰎛󰂹/󰃈󰄀󰂺om/p󰃈󰆕󰆜󰆚󰆙󰆖󰆜󰄀󰄀󰄀󰄀󰄀󰄀
󰄀󰄀󰃍󰆕󰆙󰆕02󰆕󰃎.
󰆠󰆠 󰄙 󰄀    󰄖  󰂺󰄘󰄛 /󰂶
 󰆕󰆔󰂶 󰆕󰆓󰆔󰆛󰂶 󰂹/󰃈󰂺 l.or󰃈󰃈󰄀󰄀󰄀󰄀󰄀
󰄀󰄀󰄀󰄀󰃈󰆕󰆜󰆙󰆙󰆜󰆗󰆔4.h󰃍󰆕󰆙󰆕02󰆕󰃎.
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󰆼󰇄󰆽 
󰇃󰃍󰆽󰆻󰆽󰆾󰃎󰆼󰇃󰆼󰄀󰆽󰆻󰇀
1.3 Results from the Forensic Examinations
 
󰂶

󰂶m.󰂶󰂶

     󰂶    󰄀 
󰂺
󰆗󰆓󰆗󰆛󰄀
󰂺󰆖󰆙
󰂺
   󰂶
󰂺󰆚
󰂶󰄀
󰂺
󰆗󰆛 󰆘󰆔    󰂶
  󰄀󰂶 
󰂺
󰆔󰆜󰄀
󰆕󰆓
󰂶󰂶
󰂺󰄀
 󰂺󰇡󰇢 
󰂺
󰂷󰄀
󰂺󰇡󰇣
        
󰄀󰄀󰂶
  󰂶󰂶

󰂶󰂺󰇡󰇤
󰂶        
󰂶󰄀
󰄀   󰂺      
󰆠󰆡 “Z  󰆖󰆓󰂺󰆓󰆙󰂺󰆕01󰆙󰄛󰂶 󰂹/󰃈󰂺 󰂺o󰃈󰂿󰈺󰆔󰆖󰆖 󰃍
󰆕󰆙󰆕02󰆕󰃎.
󰆠󰆢 “Z  󰆖󰆓󰂺󰆓󰆙󰂺󰆕01󰆙󰂷󰄛 “Z  󰆓󰆘󰂺󰆓󰆚󰂺󰆕01󰆙󰄛󰂶 󰂹/󰃈󰂺 󰂺om
󰃈󰂿󰈺󰆘󰆘󰃍󰆔󰆕󰆕02󰆕󰃎.
󰆠󰆣  “Z  󰆕󰆔󰂺󰆓󰆙󰂺󰆕01󰆙󰄛󰂶 󰂹/󰃈󰂺󰂺o󰃈󰂿󰈺󰆘E󰂶
󰃍󰆕󰂹󰆖󰆜󰂹󰆕󰆖󰃎󰃍󰆕󰆙󰆕02󰆕󰃎.
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󰆼󰇄󰆾
󰇃󰃍󰆽󰆻󰆽󰆾󰃎󰆼󰇃󰆼󰄀󰆽󰆻󰇀

󰂺󰄀
    󰂶  󰂶  
󰃍󰆚󰆚󰆔󰆘󰆚󰃎
󰂶
󰂺󰇡󰇥
󰄀c.
      󰄘   
󰂶
󰂶󰂶󰂺
   󰄘
󰂶󰂺
2 Evidence of a Cover-Up
󰂶
     󰂶   
󰂺󰂶
󰆚󰆚󰂶
󰆕󰆓󰂶
    󰂺󰂶

    i.    
󰂺 󰄀
󰂺
         󰄘   
          󰂶
     󰂺  
           
 󰂶     
󰄀   
           󰄀
up󰂺󰂶  
󰂶        
m.
󰆠󰆤 󰂹   󰆕󰆗 󰂶       
󰄛󰂶 󰆕󰆓󰆔󰆙󰂶 󰂹/󰃈󰂺󰂺o󰃈󰂿󰈺󰆕󰆕 󰃍 󰆕󰆙 
202󰆔󰃎.
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󰆼󰇄󰆿 
󰇃󰃍󰆽󰆻󰆽󰆾󰃎󰆼󰇃󰆼󰄀󰆽󰆻󰇀
      
      󰂶      
       
 󰂺󰇡󰇦 󰄀  󰂶     
          󰄀
 󰂺
             
󰆔󰆛󰂶󰂺

‘E󰄘.󰇡󰇧
󰂶󰄀󰄀
󰄘
󰂺󰇢󰇞   󰂶      
 󰆕󰆔󰂶 201󰆗󰂶       
   󰂶 󰂶󰂶
r.󰄀
󰂶
󰂺
  
    󰂶  
 󰄀 󰂺    󰂶  󰆕󰆓󰆔󰆗   
󰂶

󰂺󰇢󰇟󰂶󰂶
󰂶󰄀
󰆕󰆓󰆔9.
󰂶  󰄀
󰄀
󰂺
󰆠󰆥 󰄙󰄛󰂶Naspravdi.Today󰂶󰆗󰂶
202󰆓󰂶󰎛󰂹/󰃈󰂺󰃈󰃈󰆕02󰆓󰃈󰆓󰆔󰃈󰆓󰆗󰃈󰄀󰄀󰄀󰄀󰄀
󰄀󰄀󰃍󰆔󰆕󰆕02󰆕󰃎.
󰆠󰆦 “T󰄛󰂶
201󰆘󰂶󰂹/󰃈󰂺󰂺o󰃈󰂿󰈺󰆖󰆘󰆚󰃍󰆔󰆕󰆕02󰆓󰃎.
󰆡󰆝 “S  󰄘     󰂶
󰄛󰂶112 Ukraina󰂶󰆔󰆛󰆔󰆛󰂶󰆕󰆓󰆔󰆚󰂶󰂹//11󰆕󰂺󰃈
󰃈󰄀󰄀󰄀󰄀󰄀󰄀󰄀
󰄀󰄀󰄀󰄀󰆖󰆚󰆕󰆛󰆚9.h󰃍 󰆔󰆕󰆕02󰆓󰃎
󰂶󰆔󰆓󰂶󰆕󰆓󰆔7.
󰆡󰆞 󰄙󰂺 󰄘     󰄛󰂶󰆕󰆔 󰆕02󰆓󰂶󰂹//
󰂺 󰂺o󰃈󰂿󰈺󰆓󰃍󰆔󰆘󰆕02󰆕󰃎.
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󰆼󰇄󰇀
󰇃󰃍󰆽󰆻󰆽󰆾󰃎󰆼󰇃󰆼󰄀󰆽󰆻󰇀

󰂶
󰄘󰂶󰆕󰆓󰆕󰆖󰂶 󰂺
󰂶󰄀
󰂶          
󰂺
  󰂶       
      󰂶   󰄀
  󰄀 r󰂺  󰂶     
󰄀󰂶
󰄀󰂺
         
󰄀  m.󰂶󰄀
 
󰄀        
  󰂺  
   

      󰆔󰆓󰆓    󰂶
󰄖󰄘.󰇢󰇠
󰂶 󰆕01󰆗󰂶󰂶
󰂶󰂺󰇢󰇡󰆕󰆓󰆔󰆗
  󰄖
󰄘󰂺󰇢󰇢󰂶󰂶
󰂶󰂶
󰂶
󰂺
󰆕󰆓󰆔󰆘
󰂶󰂶

󰂶󰆔󰆓
󰆡󰆟 󰂶“T󰄛󰂶󰆔󰆘󰂺
󰆡󰆠 “S󰂶 󰄛󰂶Glavred󰂶
󰆔󰆛  󰆕01󰆗󰂶 󰂹/󰃈󰂺o/p󰃈󰄀󰄀󰄀󰄀
󰄀󰄀󰄀󰄀󰄀󰆕74477.h󰃍󰆔󰆔󰆕02󰆕󰃎.
󰆡󰆡 󰄙 󰄘    󰄍 󰄛󰂺 󰂶 󰆕  󰆕01󰆗󰂶
󰂹/󰃈󰂺 󰂺󰃈󰃈󰆜󰆓󰆖󰆗󰆙󰆕󰄀󰄀󰄀󰄀
󰄀󰄀󰂺l.   󰄀󰄀
    ; 
󰂺
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󰆼󰇄󰇁 
󰇃󰃍󰆽󰆻󰆽󰆾󰃎󰆼󰇃󰆼󰄀󰆽󰆻󰇀
 󰂺 󰄀
󰂶󰂶
.󰇢󰇣
   
󰆔󰆓
          󰂺

󰆔󰆓󰂺

󰂶
 󰂶 󰄀
  󰄀󰂺  
󰄀
     
󰄀󰂺󰇢󰇤
󰄀
       󰂶   󰄀
 󰂺 󰂶 󰂶
         
  󰄀  󰄀
󰂺󰂶
󰂶
󰂺
 󰂶󰂶 󰄀
           
󰄀󰄀
󰂺󰇢󰇥
󰆖󰄀
󰄀
󰄘󰇢󰇦󰂶󰂶
󰆡󰆢 󰄙  󰂶
󰆖󰆔  󰆖󰆔 󰆕󰆓󰆔󰆘󰂶 󰂹//rm.co󰂺󰃈󰃈
󰂿󰈺󰆓󰆜󰆓󰆓󰆓󰆓󰆔󰆙󰆛󰆓󰆕󰆓󰆖󰆛󰃍󰆔󰆕󰆕02󰆕󰃎.
󰆡󰆣 “Z  󰆔󰆛󰂺󰆔󰆓󰂺󰆕02󰆕󰄛󰂶 󰂹/󰃈󰂺 󰂺o󰃈󰂿󰈺󰆙 󰃍󰆘󰂹󰆗󰆙󰃎
󰃍󰆖󰆓󰆕02󰆕󰃎.
󰆡󰆤 “Z󰆔9.01.202󰆕󰄛󰂶󰂹/󰃈󰂺 󰂺om/󰂿󰈺󰃍
󰆔󰆕󰆕02󰆕󰃎.
󰆡󰆥 “E  󰄛󰂶 󰆕󰆓󰆔󰆛󰂶 󰂹//m󰂺m.com/ 󰃍
󰆕󰆓󰆕02󰆔󰃎.
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󰆼󰇄󰇂
󰇃󰃍󰆽󰆻󰆽󰆾󰃎󰆼󰇃󰆼󰄀󰆽󰆻󰇀
󰂶󰂶󰂶
󰂺󰇢󰇧
󰆖󰂶󰂶
            
  󰂺
  󰂶󰂶󰂶
󰂶󰄀
󰂶   
   
󰂺 
l.
    
󰂶󰂶
󰄀󰂺
         
󰆕󰆓󰆔9.
󰂶          󰄀
󰂶󰂶󰂶  󰆗󰆓  󰄀
  󰂶       
         󰄀
󰄀m.
 󰄀

󰂶
󰂶󰄀󰄀
󰄀
 
  󰂺 󰂶  󰂶󰄀
󰂺
󰂺
󰂶      󰂶
󰂶󰂶󰂶
󰂺󰂶
 󰂶  󰂶
󰂺
󰆡󰆦 “W    󰂿  󰆖󰄀    󰄛󰂶 New York Times󰂶
󰆖󰆓  󰆕01󰆛󰂶 󰂹/󰃈󰂺󰂺om/201󰆛󰃈󰆓󰆘󰃈󰆖󰆓󰃈m󰃈󰄀󰄀
.h󰃍󰆖󰆓󰆕01󰆜󰃎.
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󰆼󰇄󰇃 
󰇃󰃍󰆽󰆻󰆽󰆾󰃎󰆼󰇃󰆼󰄀󰆽󰆻󰇀
󰂶  󰄀
   󰂶   󰂺  󰄀
󰂶
      󰂶
󰂺󰇣󰇞  󰂶󰂶 
󰂺
󰃍󰃎󰂶 
󰄘󰂶
    󰂺󰇣󰇟   󰂶   
󰂶  󰂶 
     󰂺        󰄀
   
󰂶󰄀󰄀
    󰂺  
         
󰂶 
󰂶󰄀
           
󰄀
󰂺
       󰆕󰆓󰆔󰆙󰂶   
            
 󰂺     󰄀 󰆔󰆗    
   l. 󰄀
󰄀󰂺
󰂶
󰆕󰆓󰆔󰆜
󰂺
󰂶  󰆕󰆓󰂶󰆕󰆓󰆔󰆗
          
         .  
󰃍
 󰃎󰂶󰄀
󰂶󰂶󰂶
󰂺
󰃈󰂶
󰆢󰆝 “Z󰆕󰆙󰂺󰆔󰆓󰂺󰆕02󰆕󰄛󰂶󰂹/󰃈󰂺 󰂺o󰃈󰂿󰈺󰆔󰅨󰈺󰆔󰆙󰆘󰆗
󰃍󰆕󰆚󰂹󰆖󰆗󰃎󰃍󰆔󰆕󰆕02󰆕󰃎.
󰆢󰆞 “N󰄛󰂶TyzhdenUA󰂶󰆕󰆓󰆔󰆚󰂶󰂹/󰃈󰂺󰂺o󰃈󰂿
󰈺󰄀󰆚󰃍󰆔󰆙󰆕01󰆛󰃎.
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󰆼󰇄󰇄
󰇃󰃍󰆽󰆻󰆽󰆾󰃎󰆼󰇃󰆼󰄀󰆽󰆻󰇀
󰂺
󰆕󰆓
󰂶󰂶
󰂶󰄀󰂺
 󰂶    
󰄀󰂶󰂶
󰂶󰄀
󰂺󰇣󰇠
󰂶
󰂶
󰂶
󰂺󰇣󰇡
󰄀
    󰂺
    
 
󰂺

m.
󰄀󰄀󰂶   
 󰂶  
   
󰄀
󰂶.

    󰄀
           
  
󰂺󰇣󰇢          󰄀 
󰂶 󰂶   
󰂺
󰆢󰆟 󰂶“S
󰄛󰂶Guardian󰂶󰂹/󰃈󰂺󰂺om/orl󰃈󰆕01󰆗󰃈󰃈󰆕󰆓󰃈
󰄀󰄀󰄀󰄀󰄀󰃍󰆔󰆕02󰆖󰃎.
󰆢󰆠 󰄙󰂶  󰂶 󰄍  
󰂶󰄛 24 kanal󰂶󰆖󰆓  󰆖󰆓 󰆕󰆓󰆕󰆓󰂶 󰂹//2󰆗󰂺󰃈󰅨󰅨󰅨
󰅨󰅨󰅨󰅨󰅨󰅨󰅨r󰅨󰅨󰅨󰆔󰆕󰆚󰆕󰆕󰆘󰆕󰎛󰃍
󰆖󰆓󰆕02󰆓󰃎.
󰆢󰆡  󰂶“S󰂶    󰂹   󰂶󰄛
Ukrainska pravda󰂶󰆕󰆗󰂶󰆕󰆓󰆔󰆗󰂶󰂹/󰃈󰂺 󰂺o󰂺󰃈󰃈󰆕014/02/24/701
󰆙󰆓󰆗󰆛󰃍󰆖󰆓󰆕02󰆓󰃎.
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󰆽󰆻󰆻 
󰇃󰃍󰆽󰆻󰆽󰆾󰃎󰆼󰇃󰆼󰄀󰆽󰆻󰇀
      
       󰂶    
 󰂶     󰂺   
   󰂶  󰄀
󰂶󰂶󰄀󰂶
 󰂶        
󰄀󰂺
 󰂶  
󰂶󰆗󰆓
󰂶h.󰇣󰇣
󰄀
      󰂺       
       m.  
󰄀
󰄀󰄀
󰂺󰇣󰇤
󰂶
“E󰄛
󰄀 󰄀 󰄀
󰂺󰆕󰆓󰆕󰆓
󰂶󰂶󰂶
“E󰂶󰄛
  
󰄙󰄛󰄙󰂺󰄛󰇣󰇥
󰄀



󰂺󰂶 
          
󰂺 
󰆢󰆢 󰂶  󰂶 “Z  󰆔󰆛󰂺󰆔󰆓󰂺󰆕02󰆕󰂶󰄛 󰂹/󰃈󰂺 󰂺o󰃈󰂿󰈺
󰆙 󰃍 󰆔󰆘  󰆕02󰆖󰃎󰂷 “Z  󰆔4.11.2022;󰄛 󰂹/󰃈
󰂺󰂺o󰃈󰂿󰈺󰆖󰆓󰆜󰃍󰆔󰆘󰆕02󰆖󰃎.
󰆢󰆣 “A 󰄘   󰄛󰂶 National
Memorial to the Heavenly Hundred Heroes and Revolution of Dignity Museum󰂶 󰂹//
󰂺 m.or󰃈󰃈󰃈󰆔291󰃍󰆕󰆓󰆕02󰆔󰃎.
󰆢󰆤  󰂶“S 󰂺  󰄛󰂶 󰆔󰆔  󰆕02󰆓󰂶 󰂹/󰃈u
󰂺󰃈󰆓2󰄀󰆓󰃍󰆔󰂶󰆕󰆓󰆕󰆔󰃎.
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󰆽󰆻󰆼
󰇃󰃍󰆽󰆻󰆽󰆾󰃎󰆼󰇃󰆼󰄀󰆽󰆻󰇀
󰆕󰆓󰆔󰆗
 󰄀󰂶   
󰂺
󰂶
󰂺󰇣󰇦
3 Conclusion
󰄀
  󰂶 
󰂶   󰆗󰆜
󰆔󰆘󰆚󰂶󰄀
  󰂺     󰄘 

  
r.
󰂺
 󰄀󰂶   
󰂺
 󰂶 󰄀

󰂶
 󰄀 
󰂺󰆕󰆓󰆓󰂶󰄀
󰂶       󰄀 󰂶 
󰂶󰂺
  󰄀
          
 󰂺 

󰄀󰂺


󰂺󰄀󰂶
 󰂺 󰂶 
󰆢󰆥 󰂶󰄀󰂺
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󰆽󰆻󰆽 
󰇃󰃍󰆽󰆻󰆽󰆾󰃎󰆼󰇃󰆼󰄀󰆽󰆻󰇀
󰄀
󰂺
          
        
󰂺       

󰂶
󰂶󰂺

󰂶󰄀
󰂶         
󰂺
      
󰂺
       󰄀   󰄀
󰂺         
     󰄀 󰂶    
󰆔󰆖󰂶󰆚󰆚󰂶
   󰄀 󰂺 󰄀
󰂶       
󰄀󰄀󰂶   
  󰄀󰂶
󰄀󰂺

󰂺
󰆗󰆓󰂶
󰄀  
   󰂶
󰄀󰂺󰄀

         󰂶
󰂶o󰄀󰄀

󰂶
 
󰂶
   󰂶 
󰂺
󰂶
󰂶 󰂶
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󰆽󰆻󰆾
󰇃󰃍󰆽󰆻󰆽󰆾󰃎󰆼󰇃󰆼󰄀󰆽󰆻󰇀
󰄖󰄀󰄘
󰂺
‘E󰄘
      
󰂺󰄀
󰄀󰄀
󰂶  󰂶󰂶
󰂺
“E󰄛
         
 󰂺󰂶
󰂶  
“E󰄛c.

󰂺

            
󰂶

  
“E󰂺󰄛󰄀
   
 󰂶       󰄀 r.  
󰂶
󰂶󰂶󰂶
󰂺
 󰄀          
   󰂶󰂶  
            

󰂺
 
󰂶󰄀
󰆕󰆗󰂶󰆕󰆓󰆕2.

󰂶󰂶
 󰂺           
󰆕󰆗󰂶 󰆕󰆓󰆕2. 󰂶  󰄀
󰄀󰂶
󰄀󰂶
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󰆽󰆻󰆿 
󰇃󰃍󰆽󰆻󰆽󰆾󰃎󰆼󰇃󰆼󰄀󰆽󰆻󰇀
󰂺󰇣󰇧󰂶
󰂺󰂶󰄀
󰂺
󰂶󰄀
󰂶
󰄀
󰂶󰂺󰂺󰂶󰂺󰄀
󰄘󰄀
󰂶
󰆕󰆓󰆔󰆗
󰆕01󰆘󰂺
 
󰄀󰄀r.

          󰄀
󰄀

 
 󰂺󰇤󰇞   
r.
󰂶
󰂶
󰄀r.
󰄀
r.
          
󰂺
     
   pr󰄀       
 

󰄀
󰂶󰄀
“E󰂺󰄛󰂶󰄀
󰂶
󰆢󰆦 󰂶󰂶󰂶󰄀󰂷󰂶󰄀󰂺
󰆣󰆝  󰂶 “T      󰄀 󰄛󰂶
Canadian Dimension󰂶 󰆕󰆕  󰆕02󰆕󰂶 󰂹//c󰂺o󰃈󰃈
󰃈󰄀󰄀󰄀󰄀󰄀󰄀󰄀󰄀󰃍󰆕󰆖󰂶󰆕󰆓󰆕󰆖󰃎.
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󰆽󰆻󰇀
󰇃󰃍󰆽󰆻󰆽󰆾󰃎󰆼󰇃󰆼󰄀󰆽󰆻󰇀
   
 󰂺

h.
          

󰄀󰄀󰂶󰄀
󰂺
󰂶
󰄀  r.  󰄀
󰂶󰂶
󰂺
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Book
Full-text available
This open access book provides a comprehensive analysis of the Maidan massacre in Ukraine. It uses a theoretical framework of rational choice, moral hazard, state- repression backfire, and Weberian ideas about rational action to explore the massacre. The book draws on publicly available videos, photos and audio recordings of the massacre in English, Ukrainian, Russian, Polish and other languages, along with several hundred individual testimonies and revelations from the Ukrainian investigation and a trial and its verdict. By examining which parties were responsible for the massacre, the book analyses its implications for not only Russia’s war on Ukraine but also political developments across the globe.
Chapter
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This chapter analyzes the Maidan massacre in Kyiv on February 18–19, 2014 and other related cases of violence in Ukraine during the EuroMaidan. Various evidence, such as videos, live streams, SBU and police radio communications recordings, and witness testimonies, shows that the violent attack of the Ukrainian parliament and the Party of Regions headquarters was initiated on February 18 by the Maidan leadership and Maidan Self-Defense, including the far-right Svoboda and Right Sector, and that the Security Service of Ukraine and police launched an attempt to clear the Maidan by force in response.
Chapter
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This chapter analyzes testimonies concerning snipers by wounded Maidan activists and prosecution, defense, and Maidan witnesses at the Maidan massacre trial and the investigation in Ukraine.
Chapter
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This chapter analyzes interviews and statements in the Ukrainian and other media and social media after the Maidan massacre of the Maidan protesters and the police by several hundred witnesses, primarily eyewitnesses among Maidan activists and journalists, concerning Maidan snipers, snipers in the Maidan-controlled buildings, and other evidence of the false-flag massacre in downtown Kyiv in Ukraine on February 18–20, 2014. It also examines interviews and statements by 14 self-admitted members of Maidan sniper groups, in particular, about shooting the police and the protesters in various media and the social media. Many Maidan activists and self-admitted snipers publicly stated that they witnessed involvement of specific top Maidan leaders from the oligarchic parties and far-right organizations in the massacre.
Chapter
Full-text available
The Maidan massacre trial verdict in Ukraine in October 2023 confirmed that many Maidan activists were killed and wounded and BBC and ARD TV journalists were shot at on February 20, 2014, not by Berkut or other law enforcement but by snipers in Hotel Ukraina and other Maidan-controlled locations, that this hotel was controlled by Maidan activists, including a far-right-linked Maidan company of snipers, that Russian agents were not involved in the massacre, that there were no massacre orders by President Yanukovych and his police and security chiefs, and that EuroMaidan then was an armed rebellion, which involved the massacre of the Berkut and Internal Troops.
Chapter
Full-text available
This chapter presents video reconstruction and the content analysis of the Maidan massacre in Ukraine using over 2,000 videos and recordings of live Internet and TV broadcasts of the massacre in nearly 50 countries, news reports and social media posts by some 120 journalists covering the massacre from Kyiv, over 6,000 photos, and nearly 30 gigabytes of publicly available radio intercepts of snipers and commanders of the Security Service of Ukraine and Internal Troops. Synchronized videos show that specific times and directions of shooting by the Berkut policemen did not coincide with specific times and directions of killings of specific protesters.
Chapter
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This chapter analyzes results of forensic ballistic and medical examinations and investigative experiments by government experts for the Ukrainian government investigation and the Maidan massacre trial.
Chapter
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The final chapter summaries the main findings of the comprehensive evidence-based and theoretically based analysis of the Maidan massacre in Ukraine. The analysis of various evidence, such as synchronized videos, audio recordings, testimonies of the absolute majority of wounded Maidan protesters, and some 500 other witnesses, shows beyond any reasonable doubt that the Maidan protesters and the police were massacred by Maidan snipers located in Maidan-controlled buildings in a rationally organized operation with involvement of far-right and oligarchic elements of the Maidan opposition.
Chapter
Full-text available
This chapter examines different narratives concerning the Maidan massacre of the Maidan activists and the police on February 18–20, 2014, and previous scholarly studies of this massacre. The dominant narrative promoted by the Ukrainian and Western governments and with some exceptions the media attributed the Maidan massacre of the protesters to the Yanukovych government and his security forces and Berkut anti-riot police.
Conference Paper
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This study examines the Russia-Ukraine war in 2022 and the origins of the Russia-Ukraine conflict in the political transition during the Maidan in Ukraine in February 2014. This transition of power contributed to a start of the civil war in Donbas, Russian military interventions in Crimea and Donbas, the Russian annexation of Crimea and an international conflict between Russia and Ukraine and the West and Russia. This conflict escalated when Russia invaded Ukraine in February 2022. The research question is as follow: What is the nature of the Russia-Ukraine war and the political transition in Ukraine during the Maidan? This issue produced divergent narratives of this war and the Maidan in scholarly studies, the media, and governments in different countries. This paper uses political science theories of wars, mass protests, coups, revolutions, and regime changes and empirical analysis to examine the nature of the Russia-Ukraine war and the political transition in Ukraine during the Maidan. It analyzes videos and interviews and statements of key political actors involved in this war and the power transition, witness testimonies of various participants of the Russia-Ukraine war and the Maidan at the Yanukovych state treason trial and the Maidan massacre trial in Ukraine, and media publications in Ukrainian, Russian, and English. The study concludes with the analysis of the implications of its findings for understanding the conflicts in Ukraine and over Ukraine and their resolution.
Article
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The article explains the violent radicalization of the initially peaceful Maidan uprising in January 2014 as the result of failure to build efficient leverage against Viktor Yanukovych with nonviolent methods. Maidan lacked critical diversity of nonviolent tactics insofar as directly disruptive methods of noncooperation (e.g., strikes and boycott) remained small-scale and inefficient. The Maidan protest coalition primarily lacked social-organizational resources, i.e. authoritative civil society organizations and strong labor movement, for developing nonviolent leverage that was partially connected to gaps in ideological and regional diversity and partially to unfavorable structural conditions. However, radical nationalists actively participating in the protests possessed a unique combination of resources for initiating and diffusing efficient, coordinated, and strategic violence when it became legitimated by intensifying repressions and disillusionment in the incapacity of the oppositional political parties to propose an efficient strategy against the government. Violent radicalization facilitated geographical expansion of disruption via occupations of governmental buildings in western and central Ukrainian regions that the state was ultimately incapable of containing.
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This study examines the role of the far right in the Euromaidan in Ukraine, primarily in the Maidan massacre and other key cases of violence. The involvement of far‐right organizations in these crucial events in the Ukrainian and world politics has been politicized and polarized in Ukraine, the West, and Russia. This study analyzes various data sources, such as online live streams and TV broadcasts, videos, broadcasts of the Maidan massacre trials, the database of court decisions in Ukraine, media reports, and field research on the Maidan. The findings reveal that radical nationalist and neo‐Nazi organizations had significant but minority representation among the Maidan leadership and protesters. However, the analysis shows that the far‐right organizations and football ultras played a key role in political violence such as attempting to seize the presidential administration and the parliament. It reveals involvement of the Right Sector in violent clashes with the Berkut special police force during the highly publicized dispersal of Maidan protesters on November 30, 2013. The Right Sector and Svoboda had crucial roles in the violent overthrow of the Yanukovych government, in particular, in the Maidan massacre of the protesters and the police.
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President Putin is widely portrayed as a threat to peace and to the international order; and Russian intervention in Ukraine and Crimea is often taken as a measure of this aggressive external policy. It is contended that aggression in international affairs has different causes and consequences. The paper examines the crisis posed in Ukraine following the flight of President Yanukovich and the institution of a pro-NATO and pro-European Union government. Russia’s actions are considered in the wider context of the political transformation in Soviet space, the enlargement of the European Union and the expansion of NATO. Russia’s economic and military strengths and weaknesses are outlined against the background of the development of the Eurasian Economic Union. It is contended that Russian policy under President Putin has been defensive and reactive.
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Article
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Ukraine previously experienced significant regional political divisions, including separatism in Crimea and Donbas. However, in contrast to post-communist countries such as Azerbaijan, Georgia, Moldova, and former Yugoslavia, prior to 2014 Ukraine was able to avoid a war and a break-up. This study examines the role of separatists, the Yanukovych government, the Maidan opposition and the Maidan government, far-right organizations, Russia, the US, and the EU in the conflict in Donbas. It uses a specially commissioned survey by the Kyiv International Institute of Sociology (KIIS) in 2014 to analyse public support for separatism in Donbas, compared to other regions of Ukraine, and the major factors which affect such support. It concludes that all these actors contributed in various ways to the conflict in Donbas, which involved both a civil war and a direct Russian military intervention since August 2014. The study links this conflict to the 'Euromaidan', specifically, the government overthrow by means of the Maidan massacre, and the secession and Russia's annexation of Crimea. The KIIS survey shows that support for separatism is much stronger in Donbas compared to other regions, with the exception of Crimea, and that the break-up of Ukraine is unlikely to extend to its other parts.
Book
In this fully revised and updated in-depth analysis of the war in Ukraine, Paul D'Anieri explores the dynamics within Ukraine, between Ukraine and Russia, and between Russia and the West that emerged with the collapse of the Soviet Union and eventually resulted in Russia's invasion in 2022. Proceeding chronologically, this book shows how Ukraine's separation from Russia in 1991, at the time called a 'civilized divorce,' led to Europe's most violent conflict since WWII. It argues the conflict came about because of three underlying factors-the security dilemma, the impact of democratization on geopolitics, and the incompatible goals of a post-Cold War Europe. Rather than a peaceful situation that was squandered, D'Anieri argues that these were deep-seated pre-existing disagreements that could not be bridged, with concerning implications for the prospects of resolution of the Ukraine conflict.
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This book offers a historical analysis of the geopolitical and geoeconomic competition between the USA and Russia, which has recently heated up again due to the eastward expansion of NATO. The analysis departs from an exploration of the USA’s foreign policy and geopolitical ambitions by illustrating the influence of Wall Street and the military-industrial complex on the country’s political decision-making. The historical review covers a wide timespan, from the Second World War and the birth of NATO, to the wars against Iraq and Afghanistan, to the rebellions that erupted in Eurasia, Northern Africa and the Middle East in the 2010’s, as well as the wars in the Ukraine and in Syria. By doing so, it reveals the influence of US neocons, the US intelligence services and the military complex on the Arab Spring, the Color Revolutions and the armed conflicts in Ukraine and Syria. Ultimately, the book depicts a new era of worldwide instability and disorder, dominated by violence and arbitrariness.
Book
This book explores contemporary propaganda and mainstream Western news media, with reference to the Ukraine crisis. It examines Western media narratives of the immediate causes of the crisis, the respective roles of those who participated in or otherwise supported the demonstrations of 2013-2014 - including US-backed NGOs and rightist militia - and the legitimacy, or otherwise, of the destabilization of the democratically elected Yanukovych government. It considers how the crisis was contextualized with reference to broader themes of competition for power over Eurasia and the Washington Consensus. It assesses accounts of the role of Russia and of ethnic Russian Ukrainians in Crimea, Odessa and the Donbass and traces how Western mainstream media went out of their way to demonize Vladimir Putin. The book deconstructs prevailing Western narratives as to the reasons for the shooting down of Malaysian Airways flight MH17 in July 2014, and counters Western media concentration on the issue of culpability for the attack with an alternative narrative of egregious failure to close down civilian air space over war zones. From analysis of these discourses, the book identifies principles of post-2001 Western conflict propaganda as these appeared to play out in Ukraine. This book will be of much interest to students of propaganda, media and communication studies, Russian and Eastern European politics, security studies and IR.