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Improving the efficiency of the transport and logistics sector

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The use of modern information technologies in transport logistics makes it possible to reduce the cost of cargo delivery and optimize the time of their transportation. Reducing inventory to the most optimal level and delivering goods exactly at a certain time is very much in demand for a modern dynamic economy. One of the most important tasks of the logistics chain is to coordinate the actions of all its participants. This is facilitated by the standardization of documents necessary for the transportation of goods, the establishment of direct contractual relations between all participants in the logistics chain, as well as the possibility of a single order for all services provided by all participants in the logistics chain. Effective development of transport logistics requires a systematic approach to solving emerging practical problems. The formation of transport and logistics clusters and the creation of multimodal transport and logic centers contributes to the development of the transport and logic sector. The transport system shows its maximum efficiency not only in the presence of modern transport infrastructure, but it also requires the presence of free competition in the market of transport and logistics services. The state policy in the field of regulation of the market of transport and logistics services should be aimed at their rationalization and reduction of costs correlated with them.
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Improving the efficiency of the transport and
logistics sector
Sergey Yekimov1
*
1Publishing House “Education and Science” s.r.o., 607/1, 8, Praha 18100 Olstynska, Czech Republic
Abstract. The use of modern information technologies in transport
logistics makes it possible to reduce the cost of cargo delivery and
optimize the time of their transportation. Reducing inventory to the most
optimal level and delivering goods exactly at a certain time is very much in
demand for a modern dynamic economy. One of the most important tasks
of the logistics chain is to coordinate the actions of all its participants. This
is facilitated by the standardization of documents necessary for the
transportation of goods, the establishment of direct contractual relations
between all participants in the logistics chain, as well as the possibility of a
single order for all services provided by all participants in the logistics
chain. Effective development of transport logistics requires a systematic
approach to solving emerging practical problems. The formation of
transport and logistics clusters and the creation of multimodal transport and
logic centers contributes to the development of the transport and logic
sector. The transport system shows its maximum efficiency not only in the
presence of modern transport infrastructure, but it also requires the
presence of free competition in the market of transport and logistics
services. The state policy in the field of regulation of the market of
transport and logistics services should be aimed at their rationalization and
reduction of costs correlated with them. Keywords: Logistics, transport
logistics, transport and logistics cluster, logistics chain, cargo delivery
1 Introduction
The modern development of the world economy is characterized by broad processes of
globalization, which affect the development trajectories of national economies of various
countries. The international division of labor, the world market of services and goods
contributed to an increase in trade turnover and an increase in the need for transportation of
various types of goods.
The distances between producers and end consumers are increasing, while the
requirements of customers who want to receive high-quality goods at low prices in the
shortest possible time are increasing. In the absence of properly planned routes for the
delivery of goods, control of the delivery process, the cost, as well as the delivery time, can
significantly increase.
*
Corresponding author: rusnauka@email.cz
E3S Web of Conferences 376, 04004 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202337604004
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© The Authors, published by EDP Sciences. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative
Commons Attribution License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
According to [1], the use of flexible production systems allows for the production of
small batches of goods, the storage of which does not require large storage facilities.
However, there was a need to deliver products in small batches over long distances and in a
short time.
Up to 50% of the cost can be spent on transportation, packaging and storage of goods.
And this, in turn, affects the consumer preferences of this product. Therefore, the problem
of reducing costs in the delivery of goods from producers to consumers is of paramount
importance for the modern economy.
According to [2] logistics is important for optimizing the flow of goods, reducing
production costs and reducing the cost of manufactured products.
According to [4] logistics makes it possible to comprehensively address issues related to
the movement of goods from their place of production to the place of consumption.
According to [5], logistics eliminates contradictions between participants in the process
of transporting goods, and ensures compliance with their economic interests.
According to [6], the main task of logistics is to optimize the process of cargo
transportation, taking into account the timing and time of delivery in the right quantity and
the required quality. For an effective flow of goods through logistics chains and channels,
it is necessary to maintain and create optimal inventories, the right choice of packaging and
form of delivery, vehicle, determining the optimal route and planning of commodity flows.
According to [7], the main tasks of transport and logistics companies are (Figure 1):
Fig. 1. The main tasks of transport and logistics companies.
According to [8] transport logistics is an effective tool that allows you to organize and
control the transportation of goods. Transport logistics contributes to the formation of
transport systems, optimizes delivery routes and promotes close correlation of the
warehouse-transport process.
The authors [9] distinguish three main areas of activity of transport logistics (Figure 2):
Fig. 2. The main areas of activity of transport logistics.
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According to [10], the effective use of logistics chains allows trade and intermediary
enterprises to reduce the costs of circulation, and manufacturing enterprises to reduce the
costs of selling finished products, while simultaneously expanding the range of goods and
improving the quality of customer service. Sustainable logistics chains contribute to closer
integration of enterprises specializing in the delivery of goods, as well as enterprises that
are engaged in the storage of goods. And this, in turn, stimulates investment activity in the
optimization of logistics processes.
Within the framework of market competition, it is important to solve the problem of
coordinating the delivery of cargo by various modes of transport, the transportation of
goods through interstate transport bullfights. The modern logistics services market requires
the creation of large logistics companies and the integration of existing ones.
According to [11], the concept of logistics based on the integration of all participants
involved in the technological process of cargo delivery on the basis of achieving an
economic compromise among them, provided that costs are reduced and uninterrupted
delivery of goods is of priority importance.
The integration of participants in the transport and logistics services market contributes
to the reduction of inefficient use of vehicles, the concentration of market participants on
key competencies, the emergence of new approaches to the distribution of goods and the
introduction of innovations
According to [12] logistics:
1) Promotes the expansion of sales markets
2) Increases the number of actual and potential consumers
3) Reduces the cost of production
4) Harmonizes the flow of business processes
5) Contributes to improving the quality of service to end users.
According to [13] clusters are, as a rule, geographically concentrated groups of
enterprises operating in related areas and conducting joint activities.
According to [14], globalization promotes the emergence of business clusters that
coordinate geographically to increase the efficiency of their functioning on the basis of a
synergetic effect.
Business clusters can bring the greatest effect if they include transport infrastructure
enterprises.
According to [15], it is especially advisable to create transport and logistics clusters in
places of large passenger and cargo flows in the presence of rail, road, water and air
transport in the vicinity of international transport corridors.
Transport and logistics clusters can have a significant impact not only on the activities
of enterprises in the region, but also indirectly affect the state of the social sphere. The
functioning of the transport and logistics cluster allows you to organize the delivery of
goods "from door to door" by coordinating the actions of various carriers. The criterion of
the quality of the transport and logistics cluster is the satisfaction of customer preferences.
According to [16], a transport and logistics cluster is a cluster formation that includes
transport infrastructure, logistics market participants, and related sectors of the economy
that carry out joint activities in the market of transport and logistics services.
According to [17], a transport and logistics cluster is a group of interdependent
companies providing transport and logistics services.
According to [18], a transport and logistics cluster is an association of logistics links:
transport hubs, transport corridors, logistics transport and distribution centers into a single
system in order to obtain mutual benefits from joint activities as a result of a synergistic
effect.
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According to [19], a transport and logistics cluster is a group of geographically localized
enterprises that carry out joint activities in the provision of transport and logistics services
and specialize in the delivery, storage and maintenance of goods, as well as in the
maintenance of transport infrastructure facilities.
According to [20], a transport and logistics cluster is the interaction of market entities
engaged in the provision of transport and logistics services in order to optimize operating
costs.
In our opinion, a transport and logistics cluster is a group of enterprises of various forms
of ownership, state institutions and organizations located within a certain geographical
region that carry out joint activities to provide transport and logistics services and benefit
from joint activities due to the synergetic effect.
According to [21], a clear territorial localization of the transport and logical cluster is
necessary, this will allow for more effective interaction with state institutions, and will also
create prerequisites for attracting public and private investments in the infrastructure of the
transport and logical cluster.
For the efficient functioning of a transport-logical cluster according to [22], its activities
must comply with the following principles (Figure 3)
Fig. 3. Principles of functioning of the transport and logistics cluster.
World experience testifies to the effectiveness of the use of multimodal transport and
logistics centers.
They are created around large cities in order to reduce the traffic of truck transport
through the streets of the city, improve the environmental situation in the city, rationally
use the city's land resources to accommodate warehouses, increase the level of efficiency of
the use of freight transport, reduce the load on railway stations located in the city.
Multimodal transport and logistics centers contain warehouses for cargo processing and
storage, premises for customs procedures, bank representative offices, offices and
administrative premises, a transport maintenance station, parking areas for vehicles. A
multimodal transport and logistics center should have convenient entrances and can occupy
an area of tens of hectares.
According to [23], the main tasks of multimodal transport and logistics centers are
(Figure 4):
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Fig. 4. The main tasks of multimodal transport and logistics centers.
2 Methods
In the process of carrying out this research work, the authors used an analytical method,
which made it possible to consider the problems studied in the article to a certain extent in
their unity and development.
Taking into account the goals and objectives of the study, the authors applied a
functional-structural method of scientific cognition.
As a result of the study, the authors were able to consider a number of problems related
to improving the efficiency of the transport and logistics sector.
3 Results
The creation of multimodal transport and logistics centers cannot replace transport and
logistics clusters. Multimodal transport and logistics centers are focused primarily on
working with large freight forwarding companies.
In turn, large freight forwarding companies are interested in large shipments of goods,
since in this way they receive profit by expanding the scale of production. Multimodal
transport and logistics centers inevitably contribute to the displacement of small players
from the market, which in turn may negatively affect the state of free competition in the
industry. Large carriers will primarily cooperate with well-known brands, since they will,
as a rule, be the largest customers of transport and logistics services. As a result, the end
consumer and small customers of transport and logistics services will suffer.
In our opinion, the task of the state is not only to create multimodal transport and
logistics centers, but also to maintain existing transport and logistics clusters and promote
their development.
The state should promote the introduction of modern information technologies by small
carriers in the field of logistics, which will give them the opportunity to improve the
efficiency of their work.
The introduction of logistics information systems by small carriers would allow them to
monitor the movement of goods, promptly contact the driver, receive information about
deviations from the route and schedule of cargo movement, monitor transport stops and
much more.
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The use of Internet technologies makes it possible to optimize transport routes and
automate the process of managing road transport. Reducing logistics costs allows
enterprises to reduce freight rates.
The second direction of increasing the efficiency of the functioning of multimodal
transport and logistics centers and transport and logistics clusters is the state support of rail
transport. Transportation by rail is more economical and harms the environment.
At the same time, the network of highways significantly exceeds the network of
highways.
The state should stimulate freight transportation by rail by investing in the transport
infrastructure of rail transport.
In our opinion, it is necessary to ensure the transportation of goods by rail between
various transport and logistics centers, this will allow consignees and shippers to find for
themselves the most optimal option for the price and speed of cargo delivery.
4 Discussion
The use of modern information technologies in transport logistics makes it possible to
optimize the delivery time of goods and reduce the cost of their transportation.
Reducing inventory to an optimal level and delivering goods exactly at a certain time is
very much in demand for a modern dynamic economy.
An important task of the logistics chain is to coordinate the actions of all its
participants. This is facilitated by the standardization of documents necessary for the
transportation of goods , the establishment of contractual relations between all participants
in the logistics chain , the possibility of a single order for all services provided by all
participants in the logistics chain
The development of transport logistics requires a systematic approach to solving
emerging practical problems
The formation of transport and logistics clusters and the creation of multimodal
transport and logic centers contributes to the transport and logic sector
The transport system shows its maximum efficiency in the presence of not only modern
transport infrastructure, but it also requires free competition in the market of transport and
logistics services.
5 Conclusions
The state policy in the field of regulation of the market of transport and logistics services
should be focused on their rationalization and reduction of associated costs.
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The demand for cargo transportation is largely due to the dynamics and structure of changes in production volumes in the country, as well as the viability of enterprises and organizations in all sectors of the economy.The article deals with the issues of studying transport and technological complexes on simulation statistical modification in order to optimize road transport logistics at the enterprise. Modeling used in the study allowed to discover the most effective methods of timely management of transport and technological complexes and implement them through an automated information system. The current difficulties in this area were also considered. Among the most urgent tasks in this field at present are the problems of creating effective methods for solving complex weakly formalized optimization problems and making conclusions through the use of new methods of computational intelligence, such as evolutionary modeling, fuzzy genetic and adaptive algorithms. When building today's logistics systems, the whole life cycle of a product is planned from the process of extracting raw resources, its transportation to the production warehouse to the transportation of finished products to the consumer.It should be taken into consideration that the economy and transportation mutually affect each other. Both the development of the economy causes an increase in transportation, and the high level and possibilities of transportation services have a beneficial effect on the level of investment and the growth rate of the economy in the region. Спрос на грузоперевозки во многом обусловлен динамикой и структурой изменений объемов производства в стране, а также жизнеспособностью предприятий и организаций во всех сферах экономики.В статье рассматриваются вопросы изучения транспортно-технологических комплексов на имитационной статистической модификации с целью оптимизации автотранспортной логистики на предприятии. Моделирование дозволило открыть наиболее действенные методы своевременного управления транспортно-технологическими комплексами и реализовать их через автоматизированной информационной системы. Также было рассмотрена действующие трудности в этой сфере. К числу наиболее актуальных задач этой области в настоящее время можно отнести проблемы создания результативных методов решения сложных слабо формализуемых задач оптимизации и принятия выводов за счет применения новых способов вычислительного интеллекта, таких как эволюционное моделирование, нечеткие генетические и адаптивные алгоритмы. При построении сегодняшних логистических систем намечается весь жизненный цикл изделия от добычи сырья, транспортировки его на склад производства до транспортировки готовой продукции потребителю.Также необходим учитывать, что экономика и перевозки заимообразно действуют друг на друга. Как развитие экономики призывает прогресс перевозок, так и возвышенный уровень, и возможности перевозочных услуг, полезно воздействуют на уровень инвестиций и темпы роста экономики в стране.
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Improving the Quality of Transport Services of Urban Public Transport
Article
Full-text available
  • Jan 2022
The modernization of urban transport requires new approaches not only in the organization of routes, but also the development of new forms of accounting for the number of transport services provided. Passengers expect from public transport to increase transport mobility, make trips more comfortable, and have routes that are convenient for them. To do this, it is necessary that it is also profitable for motor transport companies that serve the routes of urban public transport. The presence of low-demand and unprofitable urban public transport routes is not profitable for road transport enterprises and is an obstacle to their development.
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The role of transportation logistics in international economic relations
Article
  • Jun 2022
Məqalədə ciddi və böyük gələcəyi proqnozlaşdırılan beynəlxalq nəqliyyat logistikası təhlil edilir. Daşımanın dominant “intermodallığı” anlayışı qeyd olunur. Logistika anlayışının çox şaxəliliyi aydınlaşdırılıb. Dəniz, quru və dəmir yolu logistika mərkəzləri haqda məlumatlar qeyd olunub.Bilindiyi kimi logistikanın ÜDM -yə təsiri bilinməsi vacib olan məsələlərdən biridir. Eyni zamanda beynəlxalq ticarətin artmasınada təsiri var. Buna görədə məqalədə logistikanın ümumi daxili məhlusa təsiri,beynəlxalq ticarətin artmasına təsiri, logistika mərkəzləri vasitəsilə əlavə dəyər yaratmağı haqda araşdırma aparılıb. Açar sözlər: logistika sistemləri, nəqliyyat logistikası, intermodallıq, dəniz nəqliyyatı, beynəlxalq ticarət Elshan Fakhraddin Jafarli The role of transportation logistics in international economic relations Abstract The article analyzes international transport logistics, which is serious and has a great future. The concept of dominant "intermodality" of transportation is noted. The diversity of the concept of logistics has been clarified. Information on sea, land and rail logistics centers is mentioned. As it is known, the impact of logistics on GDP is one of the important issues. At the same time, it has an impact on the growth of international trade. Therefore, the article examines the impact of logistics on GDP, the impact on the growth of international trade, the creation of added value through logistics centers. Key words:logistics systems, transport logistics, intermodality, maritime transport, international trade
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Applications of Pixel Oriented Mobility Modelling in Transport & Logistics
Chapter
  • May 2022
Flows are central to the study of transport & logistics and telecommunication. The efficient flow of materials, money and information are vital to the success of any transport & logistics system such as a supply chain. Telecommunication relies on accurate data flows to ensure seamless communications. While both these sectors use the term “mobility” to emphasize their field of study, the literature suggests that the level of cross-fertilization is quite limited. This manuscript investigates pixel oriented mobility modelling, which has its roots in telecommunications, as a viable method to study flows in transport & logistics. Breaking down paths and its characteristics into pixels and applying the characteristics of the unit of study allows users to properly model and optimize the system. The manuscript suggests numerous applications of pixel oriented mobility in transport & logistics and encourages its use as an innovative method to expand the body of knowledge. Examples to apply pixel oriented mobility modelling in transport & logistics would include vehicular traffic, port and shipping operations, warehouse operations, freight movements and the aviation sector.
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Generalized Transport Logistics Model
Chapter
  • Mar 2022
Problems relating to the carriage of goods are not out of date. Today they are implemented by rail, road, sea and river transport modes, each of which has advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, multimodal transport modes, which are difficult to manage, are becoming the most sought after. An important factor in the choice of mode of transport is its value, which also affects the price of the final product. The objective of the article was to construct a mathematical model of the generalized transport process for any mode of transport and for practically all types of cargo, allowing to estimate the time of operations and its cost. To this end, the article addresses the issue of the universality of transport operations. The differences are in the technical conditions of the individual processes that do not influence the modelling. The key role in this model is the timing of the operation. The simulation was carried out using Petri’s time stochastic networks. A simulation model has been built using the Business Studio platform to assess not only the timing of the operation but also the associated costs.
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Application of Accounting Outsourcing on the Pridneprovskaya Railway
Article
  • Feb 2022
The use of outsourcing creates prerequisites for increasing the efficiency of the railway transport enterprise. This makes it possible to use the released financial, organizational and labor resources in other areas of the company’s activities. The use of accounting outsourcing in the railway transport enterprise can be implemented to improve the efficiency of management accounting. The effective functioning of a railway enterprise can be hindered by financial and other corruption of the heads of structural divisions at the railway transport enterprise. This is to a certain extent due to the fact that railway transport enterprises are owned by the state.
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TRANSPORT LOGISTICS IN A PANDEMIC CONDITIONS
Article
  • Dec 2021
Background. The world economy is undergoing significant changes due to difficult pandemic conditions and quarantine restrictions. Today, logistics companies need to adapt to the new operating conditions in order to overcome the consequences of the pandemic and be competitive in the market of Ukraine and the world. The aim of this scientific article is to analyze the current conditions of multimodal transportation and substantiate the necessary ways to develop transport logistics during the pandemic. Materials and methods. While writing the article the following research methods were used: the method of elementary theoretical analysis and synthesis, the method of deduction, economic and statistical methods, the method of expert evaluation, which revealed the main purpose of the article. Results. Based on the study of the main directions of the National Transport Strategy of Ukraine, the consequences of the development of transport logistics and multimodal transportation have been determined for the country’s economy. An analysis of the state of combined transport in Europe was performed and the main directions of its development were identified, which are relevant for our country. The issues of transport interoperability and its impact on transport and logistics services are considered. The development of transport logistics is directly related to the transition of the railway to a track width of 1435 mm, which will open new opportunities in international traffic and give the opportunity to reach a new level in the field of logistics. Conclusion. The development of transport logistics requires new opportunities and ways to develop this industry. With great export potential and favorable geographical location, Ukraine should integrate into the world system of multimodal transportation by expanding container transportation, which will lead to the development of transport logistics. Today, multimodal transportation has all the necessary legislative documents and support from the state, but obstacles to their development at the international level require significant capital investment.
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