The Role of Warehouse Layout and Operations in Warehouse Efficiency: A Literature Review

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The Role of Warehouse Layout and Operations in Warehouse Efficiency: A Literature
Review
Ibrahim Hassan Mohamud1,3*, Md. Abdul Kafi2, Syairah Aimi Shahron2, Nizamuddin Zainuddin2,
Suria Musa2
1 Faculty of Management Science, SIMAD University, Mogadishu JH09010, Somalia
2 School of Technology Management & Logistics, College of Business, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Sintok, Kedah 06010,
Malaysia
3 Kasmo Institute for Technology, Logistics, and Economics Research (KITLER), Mogadishu JH09010, Somalia
Corresponding Author Email: gabowraage@gmail.com
https://doi.org/10.18280/jesa.560109
ABSTRACT
Received: 21 January 2023
Accepted: 5 February 2023
Organizations now use warehouse efficiency as a centre of expertise or a strategic weapon.
A warehouse that works well can meet customer needs quickly and helps a business do
better. So, the goal of this study is to look at how the attributes of a warehouse affect
warehouse efficiency. This study looks at two attributes about warehouses: their layout
and warehouse operations. A literature review was first conducted to find the role of
warehouse attributes (layout and operation) in warehouse efficiency to draw lessons from
the literature. The articles that were published between 2019 and 2022 were examined.
The authors evaluated the studies' eligibility, retrieved data from the studies that were
included, and assessed the study's quality and bias risk. Several studies showed that the
attributes of a warehouse make a big difference in how well it works by showing the good
effects on efficiency. Also, a warehouse is more efficient when it is set up in a way that
makes it easy to meet customer needs quickly. Along with how the warehouse is set up,
warehouse operations are a key part of making it more efficient. Layout and operations
work together to make a warehouse more efficient as a whole.
Keywords:
warehouse attributes, warehouse efficiency,
warehouse layout, warehouse operation
1. INTRODUCTION
Today, corporations employ warehouse efficiency as a
strategic weapon or a center of competency. A well-built
warehouse might encounter customer requirements quickly
and improve company performance. warehouse play an
important role inside the logistics chain. Even though elevated
work has been under heavy stress as the demand for better
service grows in a strong industrial sector. The rising rate of
progress and lower latency have just shown how important it
is for freight forwarding to work well [1]. Enterprises have
been commonly faced with the challenge of determining how
to structure and design their warehouse in order to enhance
efficiency while lowering operating costs. Like a direct
consequence, this same goal of this study is to investigate what
warehouse brand the efficiency of warehouses. We'd like to
learn about warehouse site layout, warehouse operations
design, optimal storage location, warehouse operation
efficiency, a real-time location system to improve warehouse
safety, as well as the challenges that many of these
characteristics face in an influential warehouse.
The purpose of warehouse management for enterprises is to
ensure the efficient and effective flow of goods and materials
through the supply chain, from the point of receipt to the point
of delivery. This involves managing inventory levels, tracking
product movement, and optimizing warehouse layout and
operation to minimize costs and improve customer satisfaction.
The study [2] revealed that the purpose of warehouse
management can be broken down into three main objectives
which is improving operational efficiency, reducing inventory
costs, and improving customer service. Warehouse layout and
operation must be designed to support these objectives, while
also taking into account other constraints such as budget, space
availability, and regulatory requirements.
Warehouse efficiency refers to the ability of a warehouse to
optimize its operations and resources in order to achieve the
desired level of performance in terms of speed, accuracy, and
cost-effectiveness. According to the study [3], warehouse
efficiency can be measured by various factors, such as
inventory accuracy, order accuracy, order cycle time, and
order processing cost. The relationship between warehouse
efficiency and warehouse attributes has been extensively
researched in the literature. For example, a study [4] found that
warehouse layout, material handling equipment, and
information technology infrastructure were significant factors
that affect warehouse efficiency. In addition, the study [5]
highlighted the importance of warehouse location, warehouse
design, and warehouse management in achieving warehouse
efficiency. The authors argue that the location of a warehouse
can significantly impact transportation costs and delivery
times, while the design of the warehouse can impact storage
capacity and material handling efficiency. Additionally,
effective warehouse management can improve inventory
accuracy and reduce order processing times.
The role of warehouse attributes in warehouse efficiency
motivated this research because this assimilation is desperately
needed. Utilization warehouses had already lately grown in
popularity and sophistication, with more innovative
Journal Européen des Systèmes Automatisés
Vol. 56, No. 1, February, 2023, pp. 61-68
Journal homepage: http://iieta.org/journals/jesa
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technology being implemented in this field. As according our
knowledge and evaluate of an essay, the electronic warehouse
provides an unprecedented opportunity for a real-time
monitoring system (JIT) just-in-time tracking system in the
warehouse, warehouse operations design, optimal storage
location, warehouse operation efficiency, a real-time location
system to improve warehouse safeness, as well as the obstacles
that all of these characteristics encounter in an impactful
warehouse [6]. Based on a variety of problems, which include
underlying sound and a volume of data, it remains extremely
difficult to successfully implement in a storage facility,
although with the great chance. Another issue is that many
businesses continue to struggle with performance. Companies
worldwide expend approximately $350 billion per year on
storage, per the [7]. Businesses, on either side, have been
having difficulty identifying areas for improvement due to a
lack of data and expertise on alternative warehouse
construction and optimization. We'd all like to learn more
about the characteristics of warehouse activities, which is why
we're conducting this research.
Warehouse efficiency and supply chain management issues
are usually ignored following globalisation. These issues
continue to arise as a firm's supply chain get more complex
and difficult, that was a normal practice after the 1990s. It’s
been particularly apparent as in distribution chain throughout
the last 2 decades, where the warehouse has become a vital
component of the key logistics service providers. High -
performance work, according to the study [8], has now
evolved into a centre of competency or a strategic weapon that
many organisations use to improve their market positions. All
whilst, stockroom performance is confronted with
insurmountable challenges that are impeding progress toward
awesomeness. Heretofore, storage was generally viewed as a
consistent industry for these various other business units;
however, it is currently viewed as a significant industry in its
own right [9].
Different supply chain models have varying characteristics
and requirements that impact the inventory needs of
enterprises. These requirements in turn influence the layout
and operation of warehouses. In a make-to-stock (MTS)
supply chain model, enterprises typically maintain higher
inventory levels to meet anticipated demand. This means that
warehouse operations need to be more focused on inventory
management and control, with an emphasis on accurate
inventory tracking and forecasting. A study [10] found that in
MTS supply chains, the layout of warehouses should be
designed to minimize the risk of stockouts, optimize the
utilization of available space, and reduce the costs associated
with inventory carrying and handling. In addition, the
requirements of specific industries and product types can also
impact warehouse layout and operation. For example,
perishable goods require specialized storage facilities that
maintain specific temperature and humidity levels to ensure
product quality and safety. Moreover, the study [11] found that
in the food industry, warehouse layout and operation should
be designed to facilitate the separation of different product
categories, minimize product handling, and reduce the risk of
product contamination. Overall, the requirements of
enterprises for inventory are closely tied to the specific
characteristics of the supply chain model, industry, and
product type. Warehouse layout and operation must be
designed to support these requirements, optimizing processes
and minimizing costs while maintaining product quality and
customer satisfaction.
The same astronomically high obstacles to stockroom
utilisation demand far more sophisticated approaches than
those lately implemented for organising and enhancing
warehouse operations [12]. In a storage facility, determining
the warehouse's capacity for material development,
stockpiling, and data exchange would be another crucial duty
[6]. Material production, stockpiling, and information
transmission are essential components of warehouse
performance in a distribution network.
A consistency of such variables improves warehouse
efficiency [13]. Constructing a warehouse, on the other hand,
is a large investment that involves capital and takes up a lot of
space [14]. Another funding issue has been the time required
for a payoff (ROI), which is the primary consideration of any
company before implementing new technology in the
warehouse and can also pose real challenges in this particular
instance [15].
A cumulative availability of resources could have an
influence on the adoption and application of warehouse design
and technology. According to the literature, the use of
blockchain in warehouse technology is currently in its initial
phases in Malaysia. Furthermore, block chain technology will
introduce risk but also spitefulness in and out of personal data.
Another big worry seems to be the cost or value of
implementing new technologies in the storage facility,
including such cryptocurrency.
The significance of effective logistics operations has
increased as a result of the expanding trend toward greater
product diversity and shorter lead times [1]. The conundrum
of how to build and design a warehouse to achieve better
productivity and lower operational expenses is one that
businesses face continually.
According to the study [16], warehouses should prioritize
adaptability, accessibility, and efficiency while decreasing
non-value-adding activities [17, 16, 1]. In every part of the
warehouse, operations should be optimized, and efficiency
should be attained [16]. Among the areas that should be
optimized are inventory, material handling equipment, loading
and unloading, personnel, and strategic storage [18].
The characteristics of the products and the warehouse
design are traded off to determine the best storage location
policy [19, 20]. Determining the best storage assignment
strategy for a warehouse is a challenging topic to resolve,
according to [19]. It is challenging since numerous warehouse
activities determine the layout of the warehouse, making it
heuristic to solve.
The most important thing a company has to do is figure out
how much space it has in its warehouses for material
development, storage, and data exchange [21]. These factors,
including material development, stockpiling, and data sharing,
are crucial to the effectiveness of the supply chain warehouse.
The efficiency of the warehouse is improved and enhanced
by these factors being smooth [13]. Many businesses are still
having trouble becoming more efficient. However, due to a
lack of information and knowledge on alternative warehouse
design and operations, businesses are finding it difficult to
pinpoint areas that require improvement.
2. RELATED WORK
2.1 Warehouse efficiency
Warehousing is a crucial part of the supply chain process
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[22, 23]. After business globalisation, problems with supply
chain warehouse effectiveness and supply chain management
are usually not thought about in depth [24-26]. This problem
keeps getting worse as a company's logistics get more
complicated, which was a common practise after the 1990s [9].
In the last 20 years, this problem has gotten worse, especially
in the supply chain, where warehouses have become an
important part of the main logistics service companies [27, 28].
The warehouse efficiency relationship is crucial,
particularly for organisations that assemble products [29, 30].
The study [31] stated that warehouse exercises are becoming
increasingly focused on the capabilities of the operations. This
could provide clients with what they desire in less time while
also improving accuracy and dependability. There is a vital
connection between the final consumer and the warehouse-
exercising manufacturer. The operation of a warehouse
influences the efficiency of the supply chain.
Similarly, the study [32] said that companies should
emphasis on improving the efficiency of warehousing in stock
turnovers and spending orders from the time they are
assembled until they are delivered. So, the most important
thing a company has to do is figure out how much space it
needs for material development, stockpiling, and data
exchange [33]. Material development, stockpiling, and the
exchange of data are all important parts of an efficient supply
chain warehouse. When these things work well, the warehouse
works better [13].
The study [1] used procedure mapping, data analysis, and
direct time monitoring to find non-value-added time and its
causes and effects. They also found that inadequate planning
and sizing of the warehouse layouts were having a big effect
on how efficiently the warehouse was managed. [34] indicated
that supply chain warehouse attributes have a positive effect
on efficiency. This showed that supply chain warehouse
attributes are important for efficiency. Also, a supply chain
company's warehouse is more efficient when it is set up well
and can meet customer needs quickly. Along with how the
warehouse is set up, warehouse operations are a key part of
making it more efficient. Layout and operations work together
to make a supply chain warehouse more efficient as a whole.
Without a well-designed and run warehouse, it is hard to
improve the warehouse's efficiency and the company's
performance.
The characteristics of storage in an enterprise refer to how
goods and materials are stored within the warehouse.
According to the study [2], the key characteristics of storage
include storage density, accessibility, selectivity, and handling
requirements. The storage method used can significantly
impact warehouse efficiency and properties. The study [6]
found that the use of automated storage and retrieval systems
(AS/RS) can improve warehouse efficiency by reducing order
processing times and improving inventory accuracy. Another
study [35] found that the use of high-density storage systems,
such as pallet racking, can improve storage density and
increase warehouse capacity. However, the storage method
used must also be appropriate for the specific needs and
characteristics of the enterprise. For instance, the study [36]
found that the use of high-density storage systems can
negatively impact warehouse selectivity, as it can be more
difficult to locate and retrieve specific items. Additionally, the
use of certain storage methods may require specific handling
equipment, which can impact warehouse properties such as
space utilization and layout.
According to the study [3], storage efficiency can be
measured by various indicators, such as storage density,
inventory turnover rate, and inventory accuracy. These
indicators can provide insight into the efficiency of the
warehouse's storage and inventory management processes.
Overall, storage efficiency is an important factor in warehouse
operations, as it can impact the warehouse's ability to
effectively manage its inventory and meet customer demand.
By monitoring and improving indicators such as storage
density, inventory turnover rate, and inventory accuracy,
warehouses can improve their storage efficiency and optimize
their operations.
Along with the study [35], there are several factors that can
impact warehousing efficiency, such as the layout and design
of the warehouse, the equipment and technology used, and the
warehouse management processes in place. While stock
turnover may be influenced by these factors, it is not a direct
measure of them. Instead, there are specific indicators that are
more closely related to warehousing efficiency. As mentioned
in the previous study [3], indicators such as storage density,
inventory turnover rate, and inventory accuracy are often used
to measure storage and warehousing efficiency. While stock
turnover can be a useful measure of inventory management
efficiency, it should be used in conjunction with other
indicators that are more directly related to warehousing
efficiency.
Companies and corporate executives presume that
warehouse efficiency is one of the most important aspects of
supply chain coordination. This is because it has the possibility
of saving money [31]. The researchers also stated that these
activities are a good way to use marketing to get ahead of the
competition and make customers more loyal. As a result,
having an efficient warehouse is critical for maintaining a
competitive edge. According to the study [33], warehouse
layout and operations make it more efficient. The researcher
also stated that MIS is a big part of the relationship between
warehouse features and how well they work in the supply
chain.
2.2 Warehouse layout
As per the study [2], creating a storage facility is
comparable to presenting a mystery, with the method
involving stereotyping, optimization, rationalization,
computerization, as well as automation of material handling.
Some well strategic planning could indeed markedly reduction,
effort, counterproductive occasions, this same lot of barriers,
or even the time it takes to manage materials [37, 38, 8]. At
the very slightest, the above layout did think might well
increase the yield, which would be beneficial for making
money. The area for compacting, the storage facility, as well
as job form car parks are all part of the central point that must
be considered when determining what the material
management system means.
Many design elements and resources must be taken into
account for warehouse operations to be effective and efficient.
These include the physical layout, like where the docks are,
how the aisles are set up, how deep the lanes are, and how high
the stacks are [39], and the storage and handling equipment,
like different kinds of racks and forklifts for putting things
away and getting them out [36] and the automation solutions,
like conveyors and robots [40, 41].
The study [42] recommended that the best warehouse layout
is one that makes the most of the space while reducing the
amount of time spent travelling and the number of points of
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contact. During the design phase, all of the warehouse's
working areas and the space each needs should be taken into
account.
According to the study [37], selecting the best warehouse
layout is difficult because there are so many factors that
influence the success of warehouse activities, such as dock
area, rack types, rack access, and others. The authors [43], on
the other hand, say that the layout of warehouses should be
standardised to get around administrative spending limits.
Other related things that need to be thought about include
security, labor, offices, framework, correspondence, stock,
and control. There should be enough flexibility to be able to
meet any requests or needs that clients or providers have for
their stock. So, the layout of a warehouse is the most important
factor in how well it works as a supply chain warehouse.
Moreover, the study [7] revealed that setting up the layout
of a warehouse framework is difficult for a number of reasons.
These include big decisions about the building's structure and
a lot of problems that are hard to solve all at once. This extra
factor looks at a number of operations (picking, double
direction, cross docking, and value-added services) and factors
(request, physical properties of things and unit loads, serving
international markets, material care, and Just-in-Time (JIT),
travel time, material care cost, and warehouse throughput).
Such parts and processes should be shown in a clear
warehouse layout so that they can adapt to any changes in
operations without having to change the design. These tasks
should be thought about and shown in the layout structure in a
useful way [7]. So, warehouse layout design is one of the most
important parts of supply chain warehousing. It is a crucial
component of increasing the productivity of warehouses in
supply chain companies.
2.3 Warehouse operations
A warehouse is a complex place with many different tasks
and operations, such as picking, storing, scheduling, and
routing. The safety and operational efficiency of such a storage
facility can indeed be key aspects of its planning. Bringing
items into the warehouse, putting them away, storing them,
picking, sorting, packing, and shipping them out are now all
common applications throughout most storage facilities.
Warehouse management at various surface nodes are
important components of distribution systems [44, 45].
Furthermore, operations play an important role in the
efficiency of supply chain warehouses, as it is often found that
good operations make a system work better [5]. The authors
[2] say that companies that want to use lean operations should
start with a time study and investigation of the request-
fulfillment process to improve warehouse efficiency. They
have to figure out how long a normal process takes, figure out
which parts add value and which don't, and then figure out how
much time each one takes. This is done to figure out the value-
added percentage as an overall sign of the potential for
improvement. Then, the work process is checked for
bottlenecks, wasted motion, and equipment availability [2].
In the supply chain, warehouses are very important. In the
competitive industrial market, the need for better customer
service is putting more pressure on warehouse efficiency [16].
The growing trend of more products and shorter lead times has
made it clearer how important it is to have good logistics
operations [1]. Organizations are always trying to figure out
how to set up and design their warehouses so that they are
more efficient and cost less to run [46].
Warehouses should focus on being flexible, easy to get to,
and efficient, while reducing activities that don't add value [16,
17, 1]. The warehouse's operations should be streamlined, and
every part of it should work well [16]. Some of the things that
should be optimised are inventory, material handling
equipment, loading and unloading, staff, and strategic storage
[17].
The way a warehouse operates and how well it operates is
essential, as per the study [18]. They claim that getting, selling,
caring for, storing, pressing, and speeding up logistics
processes get a serious influence on the firm's general
performance and achievement. Moreover, because of the need
to keep improving supply chain performance grows,
warehouse management is being forced to focus on
coordinating their efforts [18]. As a result, warehouse
operational effectiveness and supply chain warehouse
efficiency are linked in a beneficial fashion.
3. METHADOLOGY
Finding current systematic reviews in information systems
and social science databases, such as Science direct, ProQuest,
Wiley, Sage, EBSCO, Taylor, Springer Link, Emerald, and the
ACM, shows that this review is needed. When searched for
"warehouse attributes in warehouse efficiency" I got a list of
686 articles. Only the ones published between 2019 and 2022,
or in the last five years, were kept for further evaluation. The
rest were thrown away. Figure 1 shows that there are many
steps in the process of making a choice. At the end of this
process, 10 empirical studies out of the 50 articles were chosen
based on the following criteria: i) the studies evaluated the
warehouse's efficiency in the real world; ii) the studies were
clear about how they did their research; and iii) full research
results were available. The authors looked at whether the
studies met the criteria, took data from the ones that did, and
rated the quality and risk of bias of the study. This was done
so that the research would be as up-to-date and useful as
possible. Also, the rest of the articles were looked at by reading
their abstracts and conclusions and comparing them to the
research goals and aims. Then, the purpose, method, results,
and recommendations of each of the 10 articles are looked at
so that more research can be done. For this, each of the final
10 articles was carefully read and reviewed, and they were put
into groups based on the topic they covered, the goals of their
research, and the results they found.
Figure 1. Study selection process overview
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4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The significance, hypotheses, results, conclusions, and
methods used in previous study on warehouse attributes in
warehouse efficiency are depicted in Table 1 below.
Warehouse management is often viewed as easier than it
actually is. Some may think warehouses simply shelter goods
until they are shipped abroad or distributed to retailers, but the
reality is that there is much more that goes into a well-oiled
warehouse system. In the process of warehousing, products
and cargo are handled scientifically and made easily accessible
whenever they are required for shipment. When planning a
warehouse layout, there are a number of aspects that must be
taken into account. Raw material transfer, cost reduction,
transportation support, and warehouse efficiency
improvement are all a part of an efficient warehouse operation
system. Here we have mentioned the results that can help
evaluate an efficiency warehouse. Due to the integration of
motion control technologies and the warehouse, a new form of
mobile robot known as a handling robot is being used in the
field of storage operations via the installation of magnetic
tracks, navigational routes, location beacons, and other
indicating devices. Technologies for task management, sensor
technology, and other approaches. Considering the
information provided, it requires a gadget, precise positioning,
and path planning. Effortless movement of mobile shelves and
links exhibited between shelves and employees [6]. This
significantly lowers the need for pick-up personnel,
significantly lowers labor costs, and enhances working
conditions and increase the warehouse efficiency [6, 21].
Table 1. Content review of the selected articles
Authors
Purpose
Methodology
Results
(Buba et al., 2019)
[4]
Analyze how effective integrated
inventory management affects the
image of the firm.
casual and
descriptive
research design.
The research shows a strong correlation between
warehouse operational efficiency and overall
organisational performance, and that warehouse
administration suffers when management lacks timely,
well-prepared and accurate records.
(Jermsittiparsert et
al., 2019) [34]
Look into how attributes of the
warehouse affect its efficiency in
the supply chain warehouse
efficiency.
Survey
Warehouse attributes were found to positively affect
warehouse efficiency in the supply chain. Effective
warehouse design and operations help boost warehouse
productivity for Indonesian supply chain businesses.
(M. Shashidharan,
2021) [6]
The effectiveness of warehouse
operations as a whole is
investigated.
Questionnaire
In besides generating revenue and boosting customer
satisfaction, effective warehouse management also
advances academic understanding of supply chain
management.
(Salomonsson,
2021) [48]
Examines design, operations, and
planning as means to boost
efficiency in traditional warehouses.
qualitative and
deductive case
study approach
The warehouse of the case company suffers from
widespread inefficiencies. The warehouse's lost its
structure over the years, so now it's dependent on the
employees' familiarity with the business and its many
moving pieces in order to run well.
(Furesawa et al.,
2019) [35]
Warehouse picking efficiency can
be increased by using a shipping
slip assignment system that
minimises employees' need to walk.
shipping slip
assignment
method
In this investigation, it was established without a
reasonable doubt that the proposed strategy is helpful
for minimising walking distance in picking when
applied to the simulated settings developed for their
research.
(Masae et al., 2020)
[12]
Different order picker routing
policies can help cut down on
journey time.
Literature Review
The authorss concluded that research on order picker
routing in warehouses has garnered considerable
attention.
(Amanda Istiqomah
et al., 2020) [47]
Discussed how the use of barcodes
in the warehouse management
system has boosted warehouse
efficiency.
qualitative method
Warehouse productivity can be improved with the help
of barcodes. A warehouse that uses barcodes can
complete every procedure far more quickly and
precisely than one that does not.
(Halawa et al.,
2020) [5]
Provide an example of how real-
world application of RTLS
technology can be used to improve
warehouse security and operational
efficiency.
Case study
Based on their findings, it appears that the suggested
framework can take existing warehouse solutions to the
next level, allowing for the implementation of truly
smart warehouse operations.
(Martins et al.,
2020) [1]
Aims to enhance management and
logistics within a plant that makes
cork stoppers.
Action Research
As this study demonstrated, constant development does
not necessitate a large financial outlay.
(Paveenchana &
Phumchusri, 2019)
[21]
Improve the performance of the
internal raw materials warehouse in
the case study by assigning each
material to its most efficient storage
location.
Case Study
This means less money out of pocket for the case study
company to keep finished goods in a public warehouse.
The primary attribute is Time-window-based path planning
algorithm for multiple handling robots. Kim and Tanchoco
came up with the time window approach, which is often used
to optimise the paths of many warehouse handling robots on
bidirectional graphs [21]. The carrying robot's path, distance,
and time are planned using a traditional method and an
upgraded algorithm, respectively additionally, it reduces the
amount of running required and increases the carrying robot's
effectiveness in the warehouse sector as well. As a result, by
implementing the algorithm robots in the warehouse industry,
they can reduce the time and increase the efficiency of internal
and external factors of the warehouse.
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A barcode system can be used as a second type of attribute
management system. In every step of the process, barcodes are
used in the warehouse management system to reduce human
error and give correct data right away. Barcodes also improve
the efficiency of the warehouse management system by
making sure that all processes work together. The user also
wanted a system that could keep track of and control every
item that went into and out of the warehouse. To make
recording and tracking with the system faster and easier, every
item must have a label applied to it, and every document must
be barcode [1].
WMS is an information technology database used to support
storage operations and increase warehouse productivity by
coordinating integrated storage activities and keeping accurate
inventory [47]. As another characteristic, we can say that an
automated warehouse management system is used to keep
track of the items in the warehouse. Implementing barcodes in
warehouses has many benefits, such as reducing mistakes and
speeding up the process of receiving goods, automatically
knowing where goods are stored, reducing mistakes in where
goods are picked up by the picker, speeding up the picker's
process of picking up goods, knowing if there is a shortage or
surplus of goods, and knowing if the goods that will be shipped
are suitable and of good quality.
The third is real-time data integration of an internet-of-
things-based smart warehouse. Based on the internet of things
(IoT), a warehouse the outcomes of the experiments showed
that data integration is crucial for combining different types of
data from different sources in the IoT-based warehouse in a
real-time way. The three key components of configuration,
data basing, and transmission could be used to establish real-
time data integration processes in IoT-based warehousing [21].
Internet of Things (IoT) is a simple term for all the physical
devices that are connected to the internet to collect and share
data. Wireless networks and small computer chips have made
it possible to make a huge number of products that help people
stay in touch. IoT devices include robots, drones, RFID,
sensors, etc., that can scan, store, share, and get data from the
internet. IoT devices can sense and monitor their surroundings,
report on their status, get instructions, and act on the
information they get [40].
A warehouse management system that enables tracking of
product information. Its rally helps to increase the warehouse
productivity as well. The attributes took the huge part of the
efficiency warehouse [22, 48].
Applications of IoT in Warehouse Management Inventory
and Asset tracking with IoT, a warehouse can be aware of each
moving part. Connected sensors track each asset across the
premises. Smart shelves in warehouses can broadcast
inventory information and warn warehouse managers of low
stock, displaced products, unsuitable temperatures, theft, and
so on. IoT helps to eliminate expensive and time-wasting
mistakes by making sure inventory levels and equipment
locations are known [47, 49]. Automation IoT devices such as
robotic units do more than just assemble orders. These devices
collect tons of data, including information on stocks and
inventory, the efficiency of the warehouse, and so on, allowing
employees to focus on more customer-facing tasks so by this
kind of activity we can improve the warehouse efficiency to
next level [22].
Aids it’s another attribute in efficiency warehouse to
avoiding damage and product spoilage. Keeping products safe
in storage and delivery while keeping them at the proper
temperature is one of a warehouse manager's toughest
concerns. This task is made incredibly simple by IoT devices.
In a warehouse, the gadgets can monitor and automatically
alter the temperature, air pressure, and moisture. This task is
made incredibly simple by IoT devices. The devices can
monitor and automatically alter the temperature, atmospheric
pressure, and moisture levels inside a warehouse, thereby
reducing the likelihood that the goods will become spoiled or
damaged [1] by this aids attribute we can avoid the damage of
goods in warehouse.
5. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
A goal of this report was to identify themes related to the
shift toward the role of warehouse attributes in warehouse
efficiency, as well as to draw material handling findings.
Inside of a sequence of overall journal articles have been
carried out in order to develop research on warehouse
ideologies. In the identify, the warehouse-efficiency link is
essential.
Moreover, the aim of this study was to find out how
different parts of warehouses affect how well they work in the
supply chain. This study shows that supply chain warehouse
features have a big impact on performance, in addition to
having a positive effect on reliability. A well-planned
warehouse layout for a supply chain organization leads to
higher productivity by meeting customer demands as shortly
as possible. Aside from warehouse layout, warehouse
operations play a significant role in enhancing quality.
A design and processes of the supply chain warehouse
collaborate to enhance energy effectiveness. Warehouse
management, as well as stockroom floor plan, seem to be
critical to higher efficiency. Layout and operations work
together to improve overall stockroom efficiency throughout
the supply chain. Without effective warehouse layout design
and operations, it is difficult to improve inventory accuracy
and job satisfaction. It is hard to boost work efficiency and
financial results without proper warehouse layout design and
operations. Inside this scenario, we mostly know about the
warehouse layout and operation. A problem also was noted in
the warehouse attributes. A prospective study is necessary to
introduce open innovation based on warehouse characteristics.
From this study, we strongly believe that warehouse layout
can improve optimization effectiveness and allow business
operations to reduce their operation time. Other than that, it
also helps the organization streamline the process at every
stage, from receiving inventory to dispatching the final goods.
You can meet tight deadlines and manage increasing demands
if you have a proper layout. Furthermore, it aids in the
reduction of affiliate costs in this matter.
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