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Artificial intelligence chatbots in academic libraries: the rise of ChatGPT
Abstract
Purpose
The study aims to investigate the potential of artificial intelligence chatbots in academic libraries along with the dangers associated with the technology.
Design/methodology/approach
Literature were sourced from Google scholar and Scopus database-indexed journals to assess the potentials and drawbacks of using ChatGPT (generative pretrained transformer).
Findings
The study found that ChatGPT can aid with technical and reader services such as answering basic reference inquiries, navigating the library website and assisting with research, cataloguing, classification and collection development. However, due to the risk of inaccurate query responses, misuse, limited comprehension, input limitation and technological reliance, it should be a complementary technology rather than a replacement for human librarians.
Originality/value
To the best of the author’ knowledge, this is one of the first articles reviewing the potential of ChatGPT in academic libraries.
... The findings show that biases in ChatGPT input data can be minimized with some techniques such as diversify data source and verify data quality. [49] The study explores AI chatbots in academic libraries with the challenges associated with it ...
... In higher educational institutions, the spread of misinformation makes it challenging to use ChatGPT because it relies mostly on huge amounts of data to formulate responses [53]. Adetayo [49] posits that the cyber space is full of misinformation, thereby causing flaws in the output produced from ChatGPT. For instance, ChatGPT may mistakenly disseminate errors if it encounter inaccuracies in its training which may mislead researchers if they depend on it [53]. ...
... 3) Over-reliance The adverse effects of using ChatGPT have raised several concerns particularly in higher educational [46]. For example, there are learners who rely solely on ChatGPT to do their tasks [49]. This over-reliance on ChatGPT does not give room for critical thinking and also weakens the opportunities for students to engage in face-to-face interactions with their teachers or classmates [49]. ...
Background: The proliferation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools such as ChatGPT is growing at a rapid pace, sparing no sector. One of the AI tools that has grown in it use across the sectors is the use of ChatGPT, a tool that mimics human like capabilities of producing ideas. However, there have been many concerns about how ChatGPT will change the higher education institutions. More worrisome is how it poses risks that compromise the integrity of academic outputs if left unregulated Objective: This study examines the influence of ChatGPT on students’ assessment practices in the higher educational sector Methods: The study carried out a systematic literature review by gathering data from peer reviewed academic papers. Initially, 140 research papers were identified. Thereafter, these papers went through further filtering, and 35 usable papers were selected and included in the study Results: This study highlighted the importance of using AI tools such as ChatGPT in the higher education sector, underscoring its advantages and the threats that it poses to the sector if the use remains unregulated. The study has recommended institutional policies about the use of AI tools that must be put in place to guide academic staff, researchers and learners in the responsible use of ChatGPT for academic work. Conclusion: “While the widespread adoption of ChatGPT is undeniable, there is an urgent need for a well-balanced regulation regarding its use within Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). Thus, future research should focus on examining the existing policies and practices related to ChatGPT ethics, privacy, and security in education and identify gaps and areas for improvement. Keywords: ChatGPT, Artificial Intelligence, Chatbot, OpenAI, Higher Education
... Ela destaca especialmente o uso de chatbots de IA nos serviços de referência (Chase, 2024;Khan et al., 2023;Panda;Chakravarty, 2022;Mune, 2022). Também abrange as percepções dos bibliotecários sobre assistentes virtuais e chatbos (Leon;Flores;Alomo, 2024), utilizando o ChatGPT (Adetayo, 2023a tradicional e virtual. A 3 apresenta os procedimentos metodológicos. ...
... As redes de coocorrência de palavras-chave apontam a quantidade de documentos em que cada palavra-chave ocorre (Eck;Waltman, 2023;Holanda;Gontijo, 2024), inferindo que há relação entre elas, e que, quanto maior a sua repetição, mais forte será sua conexão (Holanda;Gontijo, 2024;Sousa;Fontenele, 2019 (Bardin, 2011, p. 129 Chatbots para atendimento ao usuário e serviços de referência, como ChatGPT e Bing Chat (Aboelmaged et al., 2024;Adetayo, 2023aAdetayo, , 2023b. ...
... DOI: https://doi.org/10.5007/1518-2924.2025.e103494 19 de 27necessidade de promover uma experiência de referência convidativa e acessível(Adetayo, 2023a(Adetayo, , 2023bOyeniyi, 2023), conforme o Quadro 3.Quadro 3 -Visão geral do potencial da IA Gen nas bibliotecas universitárias Fonte: Dados da pesquisa elaborado pelas autoras(2024).Em relação às capacidades da IA, temos, por exemplo, entender bem as perguntas feitas pelo usuário(Wheatley;Hervieux, 2024), fornecimento de serviços 24 horas por dia e 7 dias por semanaMune, 2022;Stepanov; Madhumder;Begunova, 2023; Zondi et al., 2024). Já na categoria privacidade, existem os bate-papos que mencionam informações pessoais que podem levar a preocupações com privacidade(Kaushal;Yadav, 2022), e as bibliotecas devem manter mecanismos robustos de proteção de dados e regras transparentes de uso dos dados para proteger as informações confidenciais dos usuáriosOyeniyi, 2023), conforme o Quadro 3. Em virtude do exposto, optou-se por condensar algumas aplicações da IA Gen nas Bibliotecas universitárias. ...
Objetivo: Verificar por meio da literatura como as bibliotecas universitárias estão usando a Inteligência artificial generativa para aprimorar o atendimento aos usuários tornando-o personalizado. Método: Trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, exploratória-descritiva, com abordagem quali-quanti, o corpus da pesquisa foi retirado da Web of Science e Scopus, por meio de uma revisão narrativa de literatura. A coleta de dados foi realizada entre 2019 e 2024. Realizou-se a análise de conteúdo categorial de Bardin (2011). Resultado: Observou-se que o uso da inteligência artificial generativa possui um potencial para tradução de idiomas de preferência do usuário; fornecimento de respostas coesas e autênticas, recomendação de conteúdo relevante aos usuários com base no perfil, pode agilizar as interações entre serviços e pessoas. Assim, a IA generativa surge como uma ferramenta potencial para oferecer serviços mais personalizados.Conclusões: As tecnologias generativas apresentam com enorme potencial para melhorar a qualidade das respostas de referência, atender as necessidades dos serviços de referências virtuais, personalizar o conteúdo para o usuário.
... Library users still require assistance from the librarian in determining which ChatGPT suggestion is the most appropriate. Adetayo (2023) 35 claimed that chatbots like ChatGPT can help library users access resources and finish jobs without human help, saving librarians time for more indepth support. ChatGPT also offers suggestions regarding patron usage and preferences, enabling librarians to make smarter decisions concerning library services and materials (Aithal & Aithal, 2023). ...
... Library users still require assistance from the librarian in determining which ChatGPT suggestion is the most appropriate. Adetayo (2023) 35 claimed that chatbots like ChatGPT can help library users access resources and finish jobs without human help, saving librarians time for more indepth support. ChatGPT also offers suggestions regarding patron usage and preferences, enabling librarians to make smarter decisions concerning library services and materials (Aithal & Aithal, 2023). ...
... 22 ChatGPT needs help understanding reference inquiries and a human librarian, which could result in incorrect query replies during reference transactions. According to Adetayo (2023) 35 , academic libraries may find ChatGPT helpful, but risks and difficulties must be adequately considered before adopting it. To offer the best user experience possible, libraries must create precise guidelines and rules, conduct frequent performance reviews, and apply them morally and successfully (Sharma and Yadav, 2022). ...
This paper provides an overview of Generative Pretrained Transformer (GPT) and its application in academic libraries. Utilizing a qualitative approach to content analysis, this study synthesizes existing scholarship and addresses gaps in the literature. The scope and utility of ChatGPT in academic libraries are explored, revealing its potential to function as an intelligent virtual librarian. ChatGPT’s implementation
can alleviate the workload of librarians and effectively address complex queries from patrons. Additionally, the study highlights ChatGPT’s ability to offer personalized assistance and research guidance through its natural language processing capabilities, enabling seamless communication with users. ChatGPT aids
patrons in discovering resources that would typically demand significant effort from library staff. Despite its advantages, the study identifies areas for improvement, such as data security, dependence on technology, and the risk of providing incomplete or inaccurate information on specialized and complex topics. onetheless, ChatGPT emerges as a noteworthy tool for academic libraries in the current century. This paper contributes valuable insights into ChatGPT and offers practical guidelines for library practitioners globally. The content is derived from peer-reviewed research and serves as a comprehensive resource for
librarians worldwide.
... The tool serves as a discovery and search engine, providing relevant articles and refinement of search terms for users (Lappalainen & Narayanan, 2023;Cox & Tzoc, 2023). Additionally, ChatGPT assists librarians in tasks such as data analysis, copywriting, citation generation, and language translation (Cox & Tzoc, 2023;Chen, 2023;Adetayo, 2023). Its implementation not only frees up librarian time for more complex queries but also provides round-the-clock service, including audio responses for users with special needs (Adetayo, 2023;Rigby, 2023;Cox & Tzoc, 2023). ...
... Additionally, ChatGPT assists librarians in tasks such as data analysis, copywriting, citation generation, and language translation (Cox & Tzoc, 2023;Chen, 2023;Adetayo, 2023). Its implementation not only frees up librarian time for more complex queries but also provides round-the-clock service, including audio responses for users with special needs (Adetayo, 2023;Rigby, 2023;Cox & Tzoc, 2023). However, concerns arise about AI biases and copyright ownership of AI-generated content, prompting librarians to educate users about potential biases in ChatGPT responses (Cox & Tzoc, 2023). ...
... The usage of ChatGPT in academic libraries carries several potential risks and obstacles, such as the potential for misuse and the risk of losing one's employment. Furthermore, ChatGPT can provide erroneous query answers during reference transactions and is not as intelligent as a real librarian when it comes to understanding reference inquiries (Adetayo, 2023). Another limitation of the tool is that the model can generate offensive or harmful output (Liu et al., 2021). ...
Rationale of Study – Exploring the utilisation of ChatGPT in academic libraries, with a focus on ChatGPT's views, not only addresses immediate concerns within the library community but also advances an understanding of the evolving relationship between artificial intelligence and information services in contemporary society.Methodology – The study focused on the unique perspectives or viewpoints of ChatGPT itself. The main objective of the study was to explore ChatGPT's selfawareness and understanding of its role within the academic library context, including its perception of challenges, limitations, and contributions in facilitating information access and user support. The principal theory for this research study was grounded in the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), which proposed that the perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness of technology are critical determinants of users' intentions to adopt and use that technology.Findings – The findings revealed that ChatGPT demonstrated an understanding of its function in this context, enhancing the user experience, addressing information queries, and navigating the diverse needs of library patrons. It acknowledged both its contributions and limitations. It recognised challenges in facilitating information access and user support, indicating a nuanced understanding of its role in assisting library patrons.Implications – This research contributes to the field of library and information science and offers insights into the broader implications of incorporating AI in information service settings.Originality – The study is one of the few exploring the perspectives on how it can help improve library services.
... AI allows them to concentrate on other tasks while users receive prompt attention. Consequently, in the 4IR, the library becomes more efficient and effective (Adetayo 2023). Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the utilisation of AI for managing information services in the 4IR at the University of Limpopo (UL) in South Africa with a view to developing a framework. ...
... This study recommends the adoption and application of an intelligent robotic machine in the information service at the UL library to address students' inquiries about the availability and location of information materials within the library (Adetayo 2023). A robotic machine can also help the users to locate print books on the shelves and even retrieve them. ...
... Furthermore, the study recommends that the UL library acquire sufficient AI infrastructure to effectively leverage AI tools for providing information services (Ajani et al. 2022). The UL library should implement training programmes and workshops aimed at enhancing the knowledge of library professionals in AI technologies (Adetayo 2023). By offering these educational opportunities, the UL library can cultivate a skilled workforce capable of effectively utilising AI technologies and systems, equipping them with the necessary information and practical experience. ...
In the wake of the fourth industrial revolution, artificial intelligence has been used in every aspect of human activity, including library operations. Artificial intelligence refers to the process of collaborating with robotic machines to improve job performance, generate increased competence and drive economic progress. In the library and information services, artificial intelligence can carry out a series of operations such as information retrieval. The purpose of this study was to investigate the utilisation of artificial intelligence for the provision of information services at the University of Limpopo library in South Africa. The study used a qualitative content analysis to gather data. The findings indicate that artificial intelligence can be used to provide information services in the library such as responding to students' enquiries and helping users to locate books faster. However, the findings further indicate that the University of Limpopo library must have adequate artificial intelligence infrastructure in place to integrate with the library management system to provide effective information services. The study recommends that an intelligent robotic machine be adopted and applied to the information service at the University of Limpopo library to deal with students' enquiries regarding the availability of the books and the location of the books in the library. The study also recommends that the University of Limpopo library provide training programmes and workshops to help library professionals improve their knowledge of artificial intelligence technologies. The study proposes a framework for the utilisation of artificial intelligence for the provision of information services in the fourth industrial revolution at the University of Limpopo libraries in South Africa.
... De acordo com Adetayo (2023), essas bibliotecas podem se apropriar da IA para agregar valor aos produtos e serviços, bem como desenvolver outras formas de acesso às informações, que podem ser disponibilizadas de forma virtual, principalmente para a abordagem inicial às fontes de informação. Ainda, a IA pode ser utilizada para promover e difundir as atividades de tratamento, recuperação e compartilhamento de informações destinadas ao desenvolvimento de coleções, ao ensino e à pesquisa (Adetayo, 2023). ...
... De acordo com Adetayo (2023), essas bibliotecas podem se apropriar da IA para agregar valor aos produtos e serviços, bem como desenvolver outras formas de acesso às informações, que podem ser disponibilizadas de forma virtual, principalmente para a abordagem inicial às fontes de informação. Ainda, a IA pode ser utilizada para promover e difundir as atividades de tratamento, recuperação e compartilhamento de informações destinadas ao desenvolvimento de coleções, ao ensino e à pesquisa (Adetayo, 2023). ...
Objetivo: Este artigo aborda a interface entre Inteligência Artificial (IA) e Letramento Informacional no Ensino Superior, considerando contribuições tecnológicas recentes. Busca-se identificar como a IA pode personalizar o aprendizado, melhorar a avaliação de fontes e apoiar o desenvolvimento do pensamento crítico no contexto acadêmico em que o conceito de Letramento Informacional (LI) está inserido. Método: A pesquisa, de abordagem interdisciplinar, respeita as epistemologias dos campos envolvidos e investiga o fenômeno da IA no Ensino Superior em sua relação com o LI. Realizou-se uma análise documental e bibliográfica interpretativa com base nos dados do Google Acadêmico e do Portal de Periódicos da Capes, incluindo a plataforma Scielo. Especialistas foram consultados para indicar materiais relevantes, e instituições nacionais e internacionais, como a UNESCO, forneceram manuais instrucionais e referências. Resultado: Os resultados mostram que a IA tem grande potencial para personalizar o aprendizado e aprimorar a curadoria de conteúdos informacionais, aumentando a capacidade crítica dos estudantes quando bem utilizada. Conclusões: O estudo destaca que a IA pode ser uma ferramenta essencial para promover uma formação acadêmica mais crítica e autônoma. Sugere-se ampliar sua integração no Ensino Superior, considerando questões éticas e de acessibilidade.
... Among various application domains, public libraries are a notable setting where non-AI experts require signifcant customization of CAs [2,116]. Library professionals, such as librarians, help desk staf, and programming coordinators, beneft from CAs for several reasons. ...
... Our contributions to HCI and AI democratization in service contexts are threefold: (1) Through an empirical case study, we identifed three novel design needs specifc to non-AI expert service providers; (2) We introduced a research prototype addressing these needs and examined its alignment (or misalignment) with library professionals' practices, inspiring future work in designing enduser creation tools; (3) We distinguished key UX evaluation criteria tailored for non-AI experts CA creators, diverging from prior work that primarily focuses on UX metrics for CA users. ...
Public libraries in the U.S. are increasingly facing labor shortages, tight budgets, and overworked staf, creating a pressing need for conversational agents to assist patrons. The democratization of gen-erative AI has empowered public service professionals to develop AI agents by leveraging large language models. To understand the needs of non-AI library professionals in creating their own conversational agents, we conducted semi-structured interviews with library professionals (n=11) across the U.S. Insights from these interviews informed the design of AgentBuilder, a prototype tool that enables non-AI experts to create conversational agents without coding skills. We then conducted think-aloud sessions and follow-up interviews to evaluate the prototype experience and identify the key evaluation criteria emphasized by library professionals (n=12) when developing conversational agents. Our fndings highlight how these professionals perceive the prototype experience and reveal fve essential evaluation criteria: interpreting user intent , faithful paraphrasing, proper alignment with authoritative sources, tailoring the tone of voice, and handling unknown answers efectively. These insights provide valuable guidance for designing AI-supported "end-user creation tools" in public service domains beyond libraries.
... Especially rule-based chatbots, generative chatbots encounter problems. issues of providing feedback beyond limits, providing false information, and ethical and privacy concerns (Ali, 2024;Adetayo, 2023;Lappalainen and Narayanan, 2023). Research by Lappalainen and Narayanan, 2023 also suggests that measures to detect, prevent, and filter information should be used before using this LLM API. ...
... Additionally, as described by Ehrenpreis and DeLooper (2022) at CUNY's Lehman College, users may mistake chatbots for librarians and lack understanding of the chatbot's purpose, not realizing it is a separate entity from the library's reference service. According to Adetayo (2023), the application of AI technology such as ChatGPT can lead to job loss and upheaval in libraries because it can automate some tasks. ...
[Eng] While the deployment of chatbots is not entirely novel, artificial intelligence-based (AI) chatbots are still relatively emerging in Vietnamese libraries. Chatbots have great potential for promptly addressing information needs, and handling multiple users at any time. To accomplish this, it is necessary to develop an efficient and suitable chatbot to utilize the organization's information sharing capabilities and disseminate knowledge. This study focuses on describing the implementation process, capabilities, and perceived limitations of a customized AI chatbot for the University of Finance-Marketing (UFM) Library. The chatbot was developed on the Coze platform, with the core being the GPT-4 large language model (LLM). The user interaction interfaces are based on Facebook Messenger and the Web SDK. The study also discusses the potential and challenges of AI-based chatbots in library operations, proposing organizational strategies to enhance the user experience. This effort paves the way for libraries with limited resources to harness the power of AI-based chatbots.
[Vie]Chatbot trí tuệ nhân tạo cho thư viện học thuật: Nghiên cứu trường hợp tại Trường Đại học Tài chính - Marketing.
Mặc dù việc triển khai chatbot không hoàn toàn mới, nhưng chatbot dựa trên trí tuệ nhân tạo (AI) vẫn còn khá mới mẻ trong hoạt động thư viện Việt Nam. Chatbot mang lại tiềm năng lớn trong việc đáp ứng nhanh chóng nhu tin của người dùng, có khả năng phục vụ nhiều người cùng một lúc tại mọi thời điểm. Để thực hiện điều này, cần phát triển một chatbot hiệu quả và phù hợp để tận dụng khả năng chia sẻ thông tin và phổ biến kiến thức của tổ chức. Nghiên cứu này tập trung vào mô tả quy trình triển khai, khả năng và hạn chế của chatbot AI tùy chỉnh cho Thư viện Trường Đại học Tài chính – Marketing (UFM). Chatbot được triển khai nền tảng Coze, kết nối với mô hình ngôn ngữ lớn GPT-4. Giao diện tương tác được tích hợp với Facebook Messenger và Web SDK. Nghiên cứu cũng thảo luận về tiềm năng và thách thức của chatbot dựa trên AI trong hoạt động thư viện học thuật, đề xuất phương hướng tổ chức nhằm nâng cao trải nghiệm người dùng. Nỗ lực này mở đường cho các thư viện có nguồn lực hạn chế khai thác sức mạnh của chatbot AI.
... Una opción con gran potencial es la creación de Objetos Virtuales de Aprendizaje (OVA) que permitan, entre otras cosas, una retroalimentación eficiente para el profesor en el análisis de los datos provenientes de la interacción del usuario con el sistema (Punar Özçelik & Yangın Ekşi, 2024). Herramientas secundarias para el objeto de aprendizaje son los Asistentes Virtuales (AV) o Chatbots, que permiten al usuario tener una interacción más directa y natural con el sistema (Adetayo, 2023). Tanto el uso de OVA como de AV implica informar sobre los eventos generados con estas herramientas en cuanto a la interacción entre el usuario y el sistema. ...
... El Chatbot ofrece numerosas posibilidades para múltiples tareas relacionadas con el pensamiento crítico, entre las que destacan las siguientes: movimiento de los enunciados generadores de ideas a los resultados finales, aportación de preguntas guía y un canal seguro de comunicación entre el estudiante y el sistema. Veamos con detalle su protagonismo en las siguientes fases del proceso creativo (Adetayo, 2023). ...
La educación está cambiando con la integración de la inteligencia artificial a los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje. Esto ha facilitado que el acceso al conocimiento y el apoyo al autoaprendizaje cambien. Este trabajo tiene como finalidad el analizar el impacto de la IA en el aprendizaje, enfocándose en el uso de chatbots educativos y los retos éticos que surgen de su implementación en los sistemas educativos. La metodología aplicada en este estudio se basó en una revisión descriptiva de investigaciones previas que destacan cómo los chatbots y otros sistemas de IA personalizan la enseñanza y monitorean el progreso de los estudiantes en tiempo real. Los resultados indican que los chatbots son capaces de mejorar la interacción con los educandos, ofreciendo respuestas inmediatas y personalizadas que permiten optimizan el aprendizaje. Sin embargo, se identifican problemas asociados la brecha digital y los sesgos algorítmicos, que pueden perpetuar desigualdades y afectar la equidad en la educación. La implementación de IA, incluidos los chatbots, plantea retos éticos en la toma de decisiones automatizadas, pues esto requiere de la utilización cautelosa, cuidadosa y transparente tanto del profesorado como de las instituciones. Se concluye que, la IA, especialmente a través de los chatbots, son capaces de generar un potencial de revolucionar la educación, por ello es necesario abordar los riesgos relacionados con la equidad y la justicia con la finalidad de eliminar las brechas entre los educandos.
... Esto incluye la identificación de áreas de mejora, la detección de patrones de rendimiento de los estudiantes, y la evaluación de la eficacia de diferentes estrategias pedagógicas. Finalmente, la inteligencia artificial también puede ayudar a abordar los riesgos y las incertidumbres asociadas con el aprendizaje (Adetayo, 2023). ...
... Mediante el uso de algoritmos de aprendizaje automático, la IA puede anticipar posibles dificultades y barreras que los estudiantes puedan enfrentar, y ofrecer intervenciones preventivas y adaptativas para superar estos desafíos (Adetayo, 2023;Punar Özçelik & Yangın Ekşi, 2024). Asimismo, la IA puede simular escenarios y situaciones complejas, permitiendo a los estudiantes practicar y adquirir habilidades en un entorno seguro y controlado. ...
Este trabajo analiza el impacto de la inteligencia artificial en la educación, destacando su capacidad para mejorar procesos cognitivos como la atención, la memoria, la resolución de problemas y el pensamiento crítico de los estudiantes y del profesorado. Se examina el uso de la IA en la personalización del aprendizaje, la detección de patrones de comportamiento estudiantil, y su contribución a la investigación educativa a través del análisis de grandes volúmenes de datos. Además, se abordan las metodologías de investigación aplicadas en estudios sobre IA, que combinan enfoques cuantitativos y cualitativos, proporcionando una visión más completa de los efectos de la tecnología en el aprendizaje. Explora las tendencias futuras, como el uso de tutores automatizados y algoritmos avanzados para optimizar la experiencia educativa. Se concluye con una revisión sobre la necesidad de integrar la IA en los planes de estudio escolares, resaltando la falta de contenido específico en ciertas áreas y el gran potencial transformador de la IA para el futuro de la educación.
... Arti cial Intelligence and Chatbots: To enhance user services, libraries are investigating the usage of chatbots powered by AI. By helping users with reference questions and navigating library systems, these chatbots can improve information access and lighten the strain for library workers (Adetayo, 2023 ...
The purpose of this paper was to identify and analyse literature regarding the use of emerging technologies in academic libraries. This paper provides some insights on the new technologies emerging in the current information society and on how libraries are responding to satisfy patron needs through diversely innovative library services. The study adopted a systematic literature review method to search, select and evaluate pertinent papers from a range of databases and journals. This literature review offers supporting evidence to illustrate how academic libraries are adopting and integrating emerging technologies to enhance and support active teaching and research. The paper analysed current trends and emerging technologies in academic libraries, strategies employed by libraries, benefits and challenges; it also looked at the ethical considerations in implementing new technologies, the future of libraries with regards to technology and further highlighted some recommendations from the literature. The review is unique since it assessed various aspects of technologies used in academic libraries. Since the number of papers on this topic is steadily increasing, this work can also serve as a point of reference for further studies.
... When it comes to the many services and resources that libraries have available to people with visual impairments, technological assistance is like a second pair of eyes; it allows these people to navigate the library on their own. This method is really groundbreaking for enhancing the educational achievement of VIUs along with integrating them into Traditional Library services [7]. ...
Abstract
A unified database of books, theses, and serials has been created by the INFLIBNET center. The Online Union Catalogue of Indian Universities, or IndCat, is a database that includes books, theses, and journals held by the most prominent university libraries in India. Books, theses, and journals from all fields are accessible via 203 university libraries throughout India through IndCat, the Union Catalogue of Publications and Journals.
... Hence AI can be applied in different varieties of library services. Specifically, Adetayo (2023) identifies Chatbots (ChatGPT) as valuable tool of artificial intelligence that can be applied in library service delivery. According to the author, this tool provides rapid and accurate responses to user's queries, offering convenience and accessibility outside the traditional library and hours. ...
The purpose of this research is to identify the variables that make up the essential prerequisites for implementing artificial intelligence (AI) in Nigerian academic libraries, as well as the concerns that offer challenges to the process. The exploratory research approach was used in conjunction with a comprehensive literature review on the notion of AI, its potential, implications, and modalities of application in libraries; identification of the prerequisites for AI adoption and the challenges to its successful implementation in Nigerian libraries. The findings revealed that adoption of AI in Nigerian libraries requires the availability of policy documents/frameworks, digital infrastructure facilities, human capital development and expertise as well as generation of data for training in AI application and ensuring the security/privacy of data. The challenges include high cost of establishing an AI system; a lack of technical skills and fear of job loss; insufficient technological infrastructure and erratic/unreliable power supply. It was recommended, among others, that the government and university authorities should provide adequate financial support for the effective implementation of AI technology in libraries. Also library administrations should engage in adequate training and manpower development initiatives to prepare librarians to adopt AI technology in library operations and services.
... While the platform has been instrumental in boosting research output, there are ongoing debates about the ownership of AI-generated research results and the ethical use of AI tools in producing academic publications. Several researchers have called for clearer guidelines to address these issues (Adetayo, 2023). Also, a study by Ibrahim (2020) highlighted the Ahmadu Bello University AI -driven research collaboration platform's potential for interdisciplinary research but identified challenges in data sharing and intellectual property. ...
The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into teaching and research within higher education has the potential to revolutionise the Nigerian educational landscape. However, the deployment of AI raises significant ethical concerns, especially regarding privacy, data security, bias, and equity. This paper provides an analysis of these ethical considerations and explores the ethical implications of integrating AI into teaching and research within Nigerian higher education. drawing from recent studies, case examples, and AI adoption frameworks in education. The chapter highlights the challenges to ethical AI integration and explores strategies for ensuring that AI is implemented in a way that is ethical and conducive to academic excellence and equitable access to education.
... The study emphasizes affordable AI applications that can improve service delivery and drive library development. Brzustowicz, Richard [24] demonstrated ChatGPT's potential in automating library cataloging through MARC record generation, while Adetayo [25] highlighted its broader applications in academic libraries, including reference assistance and task automation, despite concerns about intellectual property, bias, and job displacement. ChatGPT [26] exhibited notable proficiency in categorizing subjects within an Islamic digital library; however, issues like interpretability, generalization, and hallucinations remain key challenges. ...
The rapid digitization of cultural heritage has underscored the critical need for robust digital libraries, particularly for underrepresented languages like Arabic and Persian. This paper describes the methodologies and challenges involved in developing a metadata-driven Arabic digital library, utilizing bibliographic metadata extracted from the Diamond catalogue. It explores advanced metadata schemas, such as Dublin Core, and integrates text recognition technologies and preservation strategies to address key concerns of accessibility, scholarly use, and the long-term preservation of Arabic-script texts. The paper delves into specific challenges of processing Arabic script, including handling calligraphy, diacritics, and ligatures, and introduces innovative solutions like the use of frontispiece images to train OCR systems. Furthermore, it discusses how integrated metadata could not only enhance text recognition but also improve user engagement by enabling refined search functionalities and better resource discovery. Finally, the paper outlines future directions for expanding metadata frameworks to ensure interoperability and the long-term preservation of cultural heritage.
... ChatGPT can be also used in specific library functions, including classification, cataloging, book purchases, and automatically creating subject headings and classification numbers for library holdings. By providing ChatGPT with a library item's title and other information, it may construct a list of appropriate subject headings and classification numbers based on its comprehension of the item's content (Adetayo, 2023a). ...
... AI-enabled chatbots like ChatGPT are applied in educational settings to enhance learning experiences through personalized assistance and collaborative learning (Adetayo, 2023;Kuhail et al., 2022). Studies explore factors influencing students' attitudes and intentions towards learning AI, including knowledge levels, anxiety, and social norms (Chai et al., 2020). ...
The integration of ChatGPT in educational settings has the potential to enhance teaching and learning experiences- This study explores the factors influencing the use behaviour of ChatGPT among trainee teachers at Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM). Drawing on established Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of (UTAUT) models, and risk perception theory, the research focuses on perceived usefulness, ease of use, perceived risk, anxiety, social influence, attitude, and use behaviour for learning purposes. A total of 224 trainee teachers were selected using simple random sampling. The findings highlight that perceived usefulness, social influence, and attitude significantly influence the use of ChatGPT among trainee teachers. Additionally, the study reveals no significant effect of perceived ease of use, perceived risk, and anxiety on ChatGPT use behaviour among trainee teachers. The result showed that all factors contributed 50% (R2 = 0.50) in impacting ChatGPT use behaviour among trainee teachers. These insights provide valuable guidance for educators and policymakers aiming to integrate ChatGPT into teacher training programs, emphasizing the need to create environments that minimize anxiety and perceived risks while promoting the benefits and ease of use of ChatGPT.
... According to Chandwani (2018), AI helps library users to send their queries to library management round the clock, and access resources from anywhere in the world without visiting a physical library. Adetayo (2023) opined that artificial intelligence tools have become essential tools for academic libraries as they offer quick and accurate responses to user investigations, offering accessibility to library resources outside the library wall. Likewise, Johnson, (2018) affirmed that artificial intelligence offers quick answers to users' questions and saves users' time in the library to do their research These enhancements create a more enjoyable and engaging library experience, which increases patron satisfaction and loyalty. ...
Artificial intelligence (AI) is one of the most recent digital innovations in this information age, and its advent has transformed how libraries perform their operations worldwide. However, despite the growing adoption of artificial intelligence to transform library operations, assessing its effect on library services and user experience in the university library is infrequent. This study, therefore, assesses the influence of artificial intelligence (AI) on library services and users' experiences in the university library. The study aims to know the extent of the influence of AI on library services in the university library and to investigate how AI affects users' experiences in the university library. The study used a descriptive survey research design. Two self-structured questionnaires were used to obtain data from library staff and library users at the Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria. The findings reveal that the extent of the influence of AI on library services is very high. The findings also indicate that the effects of AI on users' experiences are high. Based on the findings, the study concludes that AI influences library services and users' experiences in the university library. Therefore, the study recommends that all university libraries should be encouraged to integrate AI in their respective libraries to enhance effective library services and improve users' experiences.
... The implications of AI on academics are multifaceted. (Kannan et al., 2023)Generative AI like ChatGPT (Adetayo, 2023;Dwivedi et al., n.d.;F. J. Pinzolits, 2023;Liu et al., 2023;Yatoo & Habib, 2023), article rewriter tools, etc. have become a major concern as the students may misuse these tools (Pijls et al., 1987)for their assignments and research work (Birks & Clare, 2023) and this technology abuse may deteriorate academic performance in Higher Education Institutions (Elkhatat, 2023). ...
Global accreditation standards ensure quality and consistency across educational programs, focusing on areas like curriculum, faculty qualifications, student services, and learning outcomes. While AI-based tools (ABTs) are widely used in global academia, their adoption in Jharkhand’s higher education system remains limited despite its status as an educational hub. This study aims to analyze the perceptions of Gen Z regarding the challenges of implementing ABTs and their impact on academic performance in Jharkhand. Additionally, the study explores their awareness of ABTs' relevance and applications. Data was collected using random sampling from 273 respondents born between 1997 and 2010, through a structured 7-point Likert scale questionnaire. Analysis was conducted using SPSS with Correlation, Regression, Mann-Whitney U, and Kruskal-Wallis tests to understand relationships between perceptions, academic performance, and challenges. Findings revealed that Gen Z believes ABTs can enhance academic performance but faces significant implementation challenges. There was a clear distinction in how ABTs were perceived, either as opportunities or obstacles. The questionnaire’s validity was ensured using Cronbach's reliability test. Given the limited research on this topic in Jharkhand and India, this study provides valuable insights and recommendations to help institutions and students address ABT implementation barriers in Jharkhand.
Keywords: Global accreditation, Artificial intelligence-based tools(ABTs), academic performance, Gen Z, Jharkhand, Higher Education System
... No entanto, a literatura existente demonstra uma baixa taxa de adoção pelas bibliotecas universitárias no uso de IA para fornecer produtos e serviços inovadores, agregar maior valor aos já existentes na Biblioteca, além de fomentar uma aprendizagem em rede com o foco em processos colaborativos de aprendizagem. (Adetayo, 2023 ...
Scientia é o cerne da palavra ciência, produto do conhecimento acumulado e a tecnologia é o resultado da evolução e do desenvolvimento científico.
Em linhas gerais, ciência e tecnologia estão implicitamente ligados, implicando uma relação simbiótica que impulsiona a inovação.
Usualmente, no livro, são demonstrados diversos tipos de abordagens teórico-práticos nos resultados obtidos pelos vários autores na construção de cada capítulo. Habitualmente, a Atena Editora propõe a divulgação técnico-científica com excelência, essencial para assegurar o destaque entre as melhores editoras.
Fabrício Moraes de Almeida, Dr.
GRUPO DE PESQUISA - GESTÃO DA INOVAÇÃO E DA TECNOLOGIA/UFRO.
... This allows the librarians to save time and ensure their correspondence is well-structured and grammatically correct. This is like the perspective of Adetayo (2023) where AI is perceived to make time-consuming processes more convenient such as cataloging, indexing, and data analysis which allows them to focus on more personalized processes in a library. As emphasized in Table 4, librarians utilize AI tools in their profession by employing several mechanisms and strategies to ensure effective integration. ...
Aim: The study aimed to explore the lived experiences of TUP librarians using artificial intelligence tools, examine their familiarity with them, analyze how they utilize AI tools in the profession, and investigate drawbacks and opportunities learned from their experiences.
Methodology: The mixed-methods approach is particularly suitable for investigating TUP librarians' lived experiences in using Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools. The quantitative portion utilized a descriptive approach, while the qualitative portion utilized a case study approach. A structured interview protocol with open-ended and closed-ended questions was observed to gather detailed information about librarians' experiences and perspectives on AI tools. Frequency and percentage were used to determine the most frequently used AI tools. Thematic analysis was used to analyze statements from the informants, leading to codes and themes.
Results: Grammarly was revealed to be the most familiar AI tool among TUP librarians. On the contrary, Research Rabbit, Litmaps, Kuki, and Endnote were the least familiar among the informants. Moreover, informants use AI tools in writing and editing tasks, marketing, promotion, instruction, and referencing and citation. The informants utilized three major mechanisms and strategies: (1) adaptation, (2) specificity, and (3) cost-efficiency. The informants perceived multiple advantages and disadvantages of using AI tools.
Conclusion: The TUP librarians were using AI tools to ease their day-today transactions in the profession. Various mechanisms and strategies were used to maximize the potential of AI in librarianship. Since the librarians were aware of the disadvantages of AI tools, their need for continuous updates on the trends may minimize the risks of these disadvantages.
... Strategies for incorporating AI into library workflows have been suggested to further capitalise on these technologies in enhancing user services (Pival 2023). Moreover, the role of ChatGPT in automating tasks and generating ideas in scientific and academic research highlights its capabilities but also underscores concerns about bias and misuse (Adetayo 2023;Alias 2023;Celik, Uyar, and Gokce 2023). ...
... Notable advancements include the transition from traditional card catalogues to Online Public Access Catalogues (OPAC), simplifying information retrieval and eliminating the need for exhaustive manual searches (Eserada & Okolo 2019). Additionally, the accessibility of library services has significantly improved, enabling remote subject assistance without physical presence (Adetayo 2023). These technological strides have been instrumental in fostering improved library utilisation, particularly pertinent in the context of the fourth and fifth industrial revolutions (Oke & Fernandes 2020). ...
Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force across various sectors, including academic libraries, offering potential paradigm shifts in operations and patron services. The imperative need for AI in educational library services stems from its myriad advantages in enhancing efficiency and service quality. Despite its promise, the integration of AI within academic libraries faces hurdles such as expertise shortages, infrastructure limitations, financial constraints, and employment concerns. This paper critically seeks to assess AI implementation in academic library services. The aim is to uncover adoption drivers and challenges in AI implementation in academic libraries. This paper conducts a comprehensive literature review to explore implementation of AI in academic libraries. The findings of the study indicate that AI implementation heralds an era of enhanced service delivery, albeit accompanied by challenges, notably in developing countries like South Africa. It also indicates that success hinges on meticulous planning, collaborative teamwork, adequate funding, and proactive promotion. Furthermore, the paper’s findings offer librarians and top management insights into navigating the adoption of AI projects within academic library settings efficiently.
... This technology enables libraries to provide tailored suggestions to users, even considering factors such as reading time for each book or article. Adetayo (2023) states that artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots, such as ChatGPT, have become valuable tools for academic libraries. They provide rapid and accurate responses to user inquiries, offering convenience and accessibility outside traditional library hours. ...
This article presents a literature review on the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in libraries and its impact on library operations. This study aims to provide researchers with a comprehensive understanding of AI in the library context. The research methodology involved utilising the Scopus database and identifying 66 relevant articles related to AI. After removing duplicates and applying filters, all 65 articles were reviewed, and their key findings and summaries are presented in this article. The information presented herein will serve as a valuable resource for researchers interested in exploring the use of AI in libraries. Introduction The rapid advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI) have revolutionised various sectors and libraries are no exception. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the application of AI in libraries and its impact on library operations. By analysing a collection of relevant articles from the Scopus database, this study offers researchers valuable insights into integrating AI technologies within the library context. The methodology employed for this review involved identifying and analysing 65 articles related to AI in libraries. These articles were carefully reviewed, and their key findings and summaries are presented. This review provides an in-depth understanding of AI's potential applications and benefits in library operations by exploring diverse topics such as AI chatbots, intelligent libraries, robots in libraries, and smart libraries. The literature review begins with examining early research on AI in libraries, including studies on expert systems and their impact on information access. It then explores the use of AI-based library systems for software reuse, digital video libraries, and multilingual access to library resources. The review also covers AI applications in digital library search engines, academic law libraries, and library service management using RFID and wireless techniques. Furthermore, this article discusses the implications of AI on the future of libraries and the potential challenges and opportunities it presents. It delves into the impact on library services, employment, and the need for regulations and ethical considerations. The review also highlights the role of libraries in embracing AI technologies and providing lifelong learning opportunities to their communities. By presenting a comprehensive summary of the literature on AI in libraries, this article serves as a valuable resource for researchers interested in exploring the potential of AI in enhancing library operations. The insights gathered from these studies contribute to the growing body of knowledge on AI in libraries and provide a foundation for further research and implementation of AI technologies in the library field.
Purpose
This study aims to collect evidence regarding the benefits, challenges and way forward regarding ChatGPT’s use in libraries through a systematic review of the literature on the topic. The review also sheds light on the country leading in publishing on ChatGPT and libraries.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors searched five databases, including Web of Science and Scopus, to collect and review the literature on the topic. The investigators consulted the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guide for screening and selecting the reviewed research. The researchers identified 29 studies eligible for this review. All types of content except books (due to the difference in length between the two) were included in the paper. This study did not apply time limitations.
Findings
The researchers identified multiple benefits of ChatGPT for libraries, including collection development, cataloguing, fast access to information, metadata creation, reference and research support. This review highlighted challenges such as sharing irrelevant, incomplete information, incapability to answer, etc. and the way forward (developing expertise, readiness to accept change and overcoming institutional barriers) regarding ChatGPT’s usage in libraries. This study found that the USA was leading in producing research in the area.
Practical implications
This study contributes to the area’s literature and might be helpful for library professionals, researchers and educational and research organizations.
Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first systematic review that collects and reviews the literature that shares benefits, challenges and ways forward for using ChatGPT in libraries.
Emerging technologies are transforming cultural spaces in a variety of ways, presenting opportunities and challenges. Autonomous robots, eXtended Reality, Artificial Intelligence, Digital Twins, and Internet of Things are only a few examples of such technologies, with accessibility and inclusivity of people to these technologies to be considered key challenges. In general, the use of emerging technologies in cultural spaces presents exciting opportunities for enhancing visitors’ experience and engaging new participants. However, it is important to also consider the inclusion ability of people with special needs and to ensure that these emerging technologies are used in an accessible-to-all and inclusive way. The aim of this paper is to review the state-of-the-art and current trends in approaches that use emerging technologies in the domain of smart libraries designed to include visually impaired people in a common innovative way for the whole community of visitors, discuss open issues and challenges identified in such a cultural environment/case, and propose a novel approach based on specific design considerations of the specific domain.
This essay explores the potential impact of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI) on academic library access services, highlighting both the benefits and challenges of incorporating GAI tools into these services. The integration of AI-driven tools like chatbots can revolutionize library access services, making them more efficient, user-centered, and adaptive to the needs of diverse user communities. GAI can enhance search and information retrieval, provide personalized learning and development, optimize circulation management, improve research support and accessibility, and enhance community engagement. However, challenges such as accuracy and reliability, data privacy, bias in AI algorithms, user acceptance and adoption, scalability and interoperability, technology dependence, occupational displacement, financial challenges, staff training and expertise, security threats, and change management must be addressed. To successfully implement GAI in academic library access services, librarians and managers must adopt a strategic and thoughtful approach, engaging in meticulous planning, collaboration, and strategic investment in infrastructure and expertise. By harnessing the power of GAI, academic library access services can drive innovation, improvement, and enhancement of the user experience, leading to heightened user satisfaction and improved operational efficiency.
In the digital & intelligent era, integrating AI technology into library services has spurred innovation but also brought potential risks. This paper identifies and assesses AI-related risks in smart libraries from a technostress perspective, proposing governance strategies to enhance service quality and provide a reference for smart library development. Using content analysis and technostress theory, potential risk sources of AI applications in smart libraries are analyzed across five dimensions: techno-overload, techno-invasion, techno-complexity, techno-insecurity, and techno-uncertainty. The Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) method is then applied to assess causal relationships among risks, revealing two categories: technical-level risks (AI malfunction, emotional disconnection, AI misjudgement, algorithmic bias, and responsibility ambiguity) and societal-level risks (security threat, fairness challenges, regulatory ambiguity, copyright concern, and occupational maladaptation). Key findings highlight AI malfunction and misjudgment as driving risks, while regulatory ambiguity and occupational maladaptation are resultant risks. The paper proposes hierarchical risk governance strategies, including prioritizing high-driven risks, managing resultant risks, and dynamically adjusting adaptation rules.
The expansion of artificial intelligence is advancing rapidly, and chatbots have become an important component of human life. This paper aims to explore the design principles, implementation methods, and applications of chatbots in real life. Through the comprehensive application of natural language processing, machine learning, and other technologies, this paper designs and implements a chatbot consultation assistant with intelligent chat functions, which can understand the natural language input by users and give reasonable and interesting answers. The workload of teachers can be reduced. Teachers often need to publish learning materials and interact with students in instant communication software such as WeChat and QQ. Chatbots can automatically handle these tasks, such as automatically publishing learning materials and answering students' questions. It can also automatically collect and process teaching data, such as students' learning progress and grades, to help teachers better understand students' learning situations and optimize teaching strategies. They can improve the experience of students. Through chatbots, more and more environments are funny and vivid. They can be used as the interface of human‐computer interaction in this assistant; learning becomes more interesting. Students can get instant feedback and guidance through interaction with the chatbot consultation assistant, thereby improving learning effects and enthusiasm.
Artificial intelligence has allowed programmers to create human-like meaningful texts. As a result, chatbots have recently gained great attention. Many people have praised how novel chat applications can create original and human-like essays. However, few studies discuss the use of AI chatbots in psychology. The authors aimed to discuss the use of AI chatbots in the field of Psychology. Also, they summarize previous studies on ChatGPT. This chapter discusses how AI can be used in this process. They used ChatGPT to create a brief literature review to show the progress of the OpenAI ChatGPT AI application. Studies on Pubmed were searched. Overall, the authors found eight studies using the keyword of “ChatGPT.” Most studies claim that ChatGPT can write original essays, and it is hard to distinguish ChatGPT from human-like writing. They found no study discussing the impact of ChatGPT on psychology. ChatGPT can allow writing essays on various topics and be used in many fields, including psychology, medicine, engineering, philosophy, medical education, literature, and computer sciences.
Purpose
Libraries, both public and academic, have expanded their roles to become crucial hubs of innovation and business support. To cater to the emerging needs of the patrons, including entrepreneurs, libraries must digitally transform to innovate their business support services. This research aims to empirically validate the factors influencing the adoption of generative AI technologies (or switching intentions), particularly ChatGPT, among librarians providing business support services. The study explores the multifaceted factors that shape librarians’ decisions to adopt these technologies or consider alternative solutions.
Design/methodology/approach
The research study employed purposive or convenience sampling to select librarians actively supporting businesses and with some experience in generative AI technologies. After pilot testing the questionnaire, it was refined and administered via Google Forms, utilizing a Likert scale for responses. Informed consent was obtained from participants, with strict privacy protocols in place. Data analysis was conducted using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS 4 software, adhering to rigorous quality assurance protocols.
Findings
The research empirically validated key factors influencing the adoption or switching intentions toward generative AI technologies, particularly ChatGPT, among librarians supporting entrepreneurs. Identified factors encompass social influence, domain expertise, familiarity with technology, system quality, training and support, interaction convenience, anthropomorphism, perceptions of usefulness, ease of use and enjoyment. These perceptions influence librarians’ emotional responses to technology and affect their decisions regarding adoption or considering alternative options. Notably, demographic variables – age, gender, years of experience in business support and education level – do not significantly influence switching intentions, underscoring inclusivity in innovation.
Practical implications
The study offers practical implications for various stakeholders, including librarians, patrons, technology providers and policymakers. Librarians can benefit from fostering interdisciplinary collaborations and co-creation initiatives to strengthen social networks, enhance domain expertise, evaluate technology quality and customize training support. Technology providers have the opportunity to improve user experience by enhancing interaction convenience and anthropomorphism. Policymakers can support innovation within library settings through funding initiatives and changes in employment conditions. These recommendations aim to enable the seamless integration of generative AI technologies in libraries while fostering stakeholder collaboration to drive innovation and address evolving user needs.
Originality/value
This research enriches AI technology adoption theories within library contexts by providing empirical evidence and insights into the multifaceted dynamics influencing adoption decisions among librarians. It enhances existing theories by specifically focusing on generative AI adoption and its implications for library business support services. Despite the growing interest in AI technologies within library settings, empirical research on the factors influencing librarian decisions regarding generative AI adoption has been lacking. By addressing this gap, the study contributes to the fields of library and information sciences, entrepreneurship, technology management and innovation management, offering specificity and depth to our understanding of user decision-making processes.
This study examines the use of OpenAI Chat GPT in information retrieval by students at six leading universities in Indonesia. This study uses a quota sampling method with 600 students from Airlangga University, Brawijaya University, Diponegoro University, Gadjah Mada University, Padjadjaran University, and UIN Sunang Gunung Djati Bandung as the research sample. Pearson Product Moment correlation analysis shows that the majority of students use OpenAI Chat GPT for academic and non-academic needs with a high level of satisfaction. There is a significant relationship between students' daily information needs and the use of OpenAI Chat GPT. Valuable and useful information is correlated with more efficient and accurate information retrieval. This study supports the new media theory which states that digital technology changes the way individuals interact with information, enabling more personal and interactive experiences. This study provides theoretical contributions to the literature on the use of AI technology in information retrieval and practical recommendations for further research development.
The digital transformation of the modern society is characterized by the onrush of Artificial Intelligence (AI), as one of the promising and long-term vectors of librarianship digitalization. The AI-based chatbots provide a number of library services and accomplish tasks that traditionally were pertained to human librarians and information specialists. The author investigates into the potential of chatbot technology, specifies and characterizes them, and defines the related risks of using chatbots in library services. The purpose is to understand how the chatbot technology changes and supplements the library and information services. For the purposes of the study, the general dialectical method, theoretical analysis and generalization of research and specialized technical literature, standards on AI and library digitalization are applied. Within the study, the basic functions of chatbot technology are determined, i. e. interactive personalized dialog with a user, economically efficient virtual reference instrument for library routine. The author concludes that the chatbot technology is a trend of distance communication with the users, meeting their information and sociocultural demands online 24/7. However, despite their vast intelligence and technological potential, the chatbots are unable to remove human librarians and interpersonal communication, though they supplement their capabilities, computerize the major part of library services, thus make it possible for the library staff to focus on complex interactions with library visitors and creative professional tasks.
This chapter investigates the influence of AI-powered chatbots, specifically ChatGPT, Gemini, and Copilot, on library services. It examines their transformative role in user engagement, information access, and the future of librarianship. The study evaluates the unique capabilities of each chatbot, from ChatGPT's content generation to Gemini's engagement features to Copilot's information retrieval accuracy. It also explores the potential to generate hallucinatory answers and ethical concerns related to data privacy, bias mitigation, and transparency in AI implementation. The findings underscore the substantial potential of AI chatbots in revolutionizing library services, with ChatGPT, Gemini, and Copilot each contributing distinct strengths to user interactions and information dissemination, thereby enhancing library experiences for diverse user needs. This chapter emphasizes balancing technological innovation with ethical considerations in the library context.
In recent years, artificial intelligence technologies that take on human abilities or jobs have become a current issue. ChatGPT, a chatbox developed by the OpenAI artificial intelligence company, has been one of the important developments in this field. Educational environments that are directly affected by these technological developments have gained a new dimension. The introduction of artificial intelligence technologies to the service of the whole world and their use in the educational environment has made it necessary to examine the strengths and weaknesses of the current situation, the opportunities it offers and the threats it creates. The aim of the research is to examine the use of ChatGPT in education with SWOT analysis. A qualitative research method was used in order to reveal the thoughts of the participants about the use of ChatGPT in education. The study group of the research is composed of educators using GPT in educational environments. The data was obtained with the semi-structured interview technique to be used as a data collection tool. The data was analyzed by content analysis and within the scope of the research, the views of the participants on the strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the use of GPT in education are presented in written and visually.
In this chapter explores how libraries leverage cutting-edge technologies to enhance their services, accessibility, and user engagement. It begins by highlighting technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI), Virtual Reality (VR), and big data analytics that are redefining traditional library functions. AI improves collection management and user services, VR creates immersive learning environments, and big data analytics allows for data-driven personalization. The chapter underscores the benefits of emerging technologies, including improved efficiency and resource management, but emphasizes the importance of balancing innovation with core library values like privacy, intellectual freedom, and equitable access. It addresses challenges like data privacy concerns, algorithmic bias, the digital divide, and technical infrastructure requirements, advocating for strategic approaches to mitigate these issues. Further sections dive into the specific applications of AI and Machine Learning in enhancing cataloging, metadata management, and User Experience (UX). At the same time, the Internet of Things (IoT) is shown to streamline inventory management and resource tracking. Blockchain technology is also explored for its potential to revolutionize digital rights management, data privacy, and collaboration. Big data analytics is discussed as a tool for understanding user behavior, optimizing services, and driving data-driven decision-making. Additionally, immersive technologies such as AR, VR, and Mixed Reality (MR) are described as innovative tools that can transform user experiences and learning opportunities. Ultimately, the chapter provides a comprehensive look at how emerging technologies are transforming libraries into dynamic hubs for learning, innovation, and community engagement while urging a balance between innovation and core library values.
Abstract
This article aims to sensitize librarians and other information professionals to the need to integrate artificial intelligence (AI) in managing library services and conducting research. The paper discussed various AI technologies such as natural language processing, pattern recognition, expert systems, and robotics and their applications in the library to promote efficiency and effectiveness. The paper highlighted the impact of AI in libraries and the challenges associated
with its implementation in libraries. Different AI tools that are used in the libraries are also presented in the paper.
L’article explore la métaphore du Chat botté pour décrire les agents conversationnels animés par l’intelligence artificielle, en particulier les chatbots comme ChatGPT d’OpenAI. Ces outils utilisent le langage naturel pour simuler des conversations humaines et peuvent s’avérer pertinents dans les bibliothèques universitaires pour des tâches comme la création de métadonnées et le service de référence, ainsi que l’offre de formations. L’étude aborde une approche d’apprentissage interactif par interactivité avec ces technologies, mettant en évidence à la fois leur potentiel et leurs limites, notamment leur tendance à générer des « hallucinations » informatives sans fondement dans la réalité. Les compétences requises pour intégrer efficacement ces outils dans les pratiques professionnelles des bibliothécaires en milieu universitaire sont discutées, tout comme l’importance de comprendre et de maîtriser les requêtes (« prompts » en anglais) pour obtenir des réponses utiles et précises.
The study focused on the transformative possibilities of integrating the ChatGPT with Library facilities and services. Emphasizing its contextual understanding and adaptability, ChatGPT stands as a collaborative and intelligent tool in the libraries. The natural language processing competences of ChatGPT, including contextual understanding, even multiple conversations and personalized responses enhancing the information retrieval processes contributing to a more user-friendly library experience. In this article, the researcher discussed how the integration of ChatGPT with electronic resources offers several advantages including dynamic assistance, efficient information retrieval, user-centric interactions, and cost-effectiveness. Integrating ChatGPT with ILMS software improves user experience, modernizes library procedures, and ensures 24/7 availability. The integration uses OpenAI GPT API for scalability, security, and user authentication. Ethics and transparency are prioritized. Future advancements include machine learning, augmented reality, multilingual experiences, and collaboration with external datasets.
An attempt is made to find out the scope of AI and AI-powered Chatbot (ChatGPT) in academic and research libraries, its possible challenges and opportunities, and how it makes a difference. In this study, we found that AI-powered chatbots have the potential to revolutionise academic and research libraries by promoting specialised librarianship and reshaping services by thinking outside of the box, enabling the search and retrieval of information based on personal recommendations. These advancements might raise the standards that libraries offer. However, challenges include user dependability on AI, which may affect users’ reading habits, the lack of skilled staff in underdeveloped nations, and the need for high-quality data. ChatGPT also faces potential biases, ethical implications, and an inability to understand tone or context, leading to misunderstandings and poor communication. To effectively utilise AI and ChatGPT as a library customer tool, academic and research libraries must manage their data, monitor ChatGPT's responses, and consider its limitations.
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to introduce chatbot as a new tool of artificial intelligence (AI) and represent the feasibility of using it in different sections of libraries.
Design/methodology/approach
The present paper is a theoretical paper that was conducted by the library research method. In this paper, while reviewing various articles in the field of a chatbot, has been tried to identify practical usage of chatbot in library and information centers and also illustrate it.
Findings
Findings show that although chatbot is used in some libraries, but this use is limited. Libraries must use the capabilities of this powerful tool for their own purposes and provide the satisfaction of their users. In addition to the benefits of a chatbot, there are some challenges that should be considered by librarians.
Originality/value
Few articles have addressed the usage of AI tools such as chatbot in libraries. So, this paper is one of the few articles that express the usage of chatbot in different sections of the library and gives practical examples of their usage in some libraries, mentions the challenges ahead of librarians in the face of this technology.
Purpose
The recent COVID-19 pandemic affects all segments of the population in all possible fields of life. To encounter this critical situation and to safeguard the health of the library users & library staff, the library services have been forced to adapt and accept the “new normal” and give a greater use and reliance on virtual space than ever before with physical spaces. This paper aims to demonstrate an artificial intelligence (AI)-driven solution that can be practically implemented in the form of a “InfoBot” or “Chatbot” to fulfil user needs 24/7 with minimal or without human intervention.
Design/methodology/approach
To give a general overview of the use of AI Chatbot in libraries and its multitasking features followed by the practical implementation, a versatile AIchatbot service, Engati is used as a target bot with its basic free plan.
Findings
The study findings reveal that AI Chatbots offer a dependable solution for the libraries to initiate virtual assistance, thus augmenting the reference service while adding a newer dimension to virtual reference service.
Social implications
Innovative and intelligent information service would be overcoming the time and location barriers reaffirming the concept of “library without walls” while falling in line with the five laws of library science as propounded by Dr S.R. Ranganathan, the father of library science in India.
Originality/value
Though the implementation of bots and chatbots is not a purely novel concept to explore, no such research has been conducted focusing particularly on its exceptional benefits in the library in reference to the recent pandemic.
Libraries in Nigeria are increasingly affected by alternative sources of information that provide stiff competition to library reference services. Reference librarians need to adopt a bring your own device (BYOD) strategy to remain relevant. The article explores the practical application of BYOD principles and strategies to the mobility of library reference services in Nigeria. It explores mobile phones' role in Nigerian libraries, identifies likely challenges in implementing BYOD strategies, and makes recommendations. Reference librarians in Nigeria can adopt BYOD strategies to guarantee the survival and continuous growth of libraries.
Conversational software, or chatbots in popular parlance, has been in vogue amongst organizations for a few decades now. In sync with the trend, various libraries and knowledge resource centres have also adopted them within their technological fold, with an aim to provide improved services to patrons. The only bottleneck towards such implementation has been the dearth of open source conversational software platforms. The purpose of the paper is to conceptualize a library chatbot using a recently developed, artificial intelligence-powered open source conversational software platform named Rasa Stack. It introduces the essence of chatbot technology and their present day application in libraries, illustrates how the technical underpinnings of Rasa Stack can be leveraged to develop a library chatbot, and reflects on the potential future research in this direction.
Purpose
This paper aims to detail how a university library developed an AI chatbot to meet a growing need for virtual reference services. This chatbot was developed using Google's free Dialogflow bot platform and embedded in the library's website. With the onset of COVID-19 and a greater reliance on virtual services, chatbots have become of increasing interest to libraries as a tool to provide enhanced services during non-staffed hours and to perform basic information triage when virtual chat transactions reach an overwhelming number of available staff.
Design/methodology/approach
Using in-depth research into current practices and readily available tools, a small non-technical team at a university library designed and piloted an AI chatbot that employs natural language processing and AI training. This article describes the chatbot development and implementation process. Results of chatbot interactions after one academic year of usage are also reviewed.
Findings
This study reveals that a university library chatbot may be developed and deployed with minimal coding knowledge using existing tools. Chatbot content can be populated through current library information sources and trained to address typical information inquiries. However, additional development and testing is needed to increase user engagement.
Originality/value
This study indicates that libraries can develop and deploy chatbots to meet user information inquiries without onerous technical training or IT resources. It describes best practices for chatbots and the steps necessary to deploy a chatbot on a library website.
Today, with the rapid advancement of technology, Artificial Intelligence (AI)-powered chatbots have become omnipresent across sectors like e-commerce, travel, hospitality, banking, EdTech, etc.; but they still haven’t been predominantly adopted by academic libraries. This paper reports on a qualitative study aimed to explore the perceived risks and challenges behind the adoption of chatbots in libraries and how chatbots could help deliver superior experience to all library users as well as stakeholders. We conducted interviews with multiple stakeholders of academic libraries: the library staff, doctoral students and the faculty, to understand their perspectives on the adoption of Chatbots. We used CAQDAS NVIVO 12 content analysis software to analyse the interview transcripts. Our findings suggest that the majority of the stakeholders we interviewed favour the adoption of chatbots, as they believe that integrating chatbot technology with an existing library information system could deliver diverse services, which in turn would help in research and scholarly communication. However, ‘perceived risk’ with respect to employing chatbots among stakeholders was high. Also, the stakeholders raised some serious concerns with respect to privacy intrusion by chatbots, and with respect to chatbots’ comprehension of task complexity, which are issues that must be addressed by chatbot developers while designing them, specifically for libraries.
A library in higher education plays a primary role in students' learning on campus. In addition to individually-focused studying, students come to a library for various purposes, such as group learning, collaborating, and socializing. To support students' different types of learning, appropriate physical and functional environments of the spaces must be provided. However, the environmental effects of learning spaces have not been explored extensively. Additionally, the COVID-19 pandemic has forced students to remain and study at home for extended periods, and it is expected that the pandemic experience has affected students' space use patterns. This study aims to examine the effect of the pandemic on students' library usage and to investigate the necessary environments to effectively support students' learning activities. Data was collected via interviews with 12 students. One of the main findings is that, even though students used the library less during the pandemic, they expected to use it as much as pre-pandemic or even more after the pandemic. Furthermore, both physical and functional environments were associated with the study performance and wellbeing of the students. Therefore, understanding students' learning activities and preferred environments in a library is critical to providing appropriate spaces supporting students' learning performance and wellbeing.
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