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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science, 2023, 13, 33-44
https://www.scirp.org/journal/jbbs
ISSN Online: 2160-5874
ISSN Print: 2160-5866
DOI:
10.4236/jbbs.2023.133003 Mar. 10, 2023 33
Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science
Do Planetary Transits Predict Synchronicity
Experience?
Robert G. Sacco
Fibonacci Lifechart, Toronto, Canada
Abstract
Synchronicity involves the experience of personal meaning entangled with
ambiguous coincidences in time. Ambiguity results from incomplete infor-
mation about the chances of various events
occurring. The problem that this
study addresses is the lack of empirical research on synchronicity. This study
sought to address this problem by exploring the astrological hypothesis that
planetary transits predict synchronicity events. Synchronicities were com-
pared with the probability distributions of planetary transits. In comparison
with the base rate prediction, planetary transits were not a significant predic-
tor of synchronicity events. The findings of this study provide new insight
into the complex, multifaceted, and ambiguous phenomenon of synchronici-
ty. The concept of ambiguity tolerance plays a significant role in synchronici-
ty research since ambiguity cannot be completely eliminated.
Keywords
Astrology, Fibonacci Numbers, Planetary Transits, Synchronicity
1. Introduction
Do planets really influence our life? People have pondered this question for cen-
turies. According to astrology, planetary transits predict certain significant cor-
respondences between humans and the universe, such as synchronicities [1] [2].
Synchronicity refers to the experience of two or more causally unrelated events
occurring simultaneously in a meaningful way [3]. Synchronicity is, by defini-
tion, a subjective judgment and, thus, may or may not directly reflect objective re-
ality. Importantly, despite the fact that Jung did not develop a systematic theory of
astrology, it is evident that his theory of synchronicity was influenced by it [2].
In fact, Jung explicitly endorsed his theory of synchronicity as a means to ex-
plain astrological coincidences [2].
How to cite this paper:
Sacco, R.G. (2023
)
Do Planetary Transits
Predict Synchronici-
ty Experience?
Journal of Beha
vioral and
Brain Science
,
13
, 33-44.
https://doi.org/10.4236/jbbs.2023.133003
Received:
January 7, 2023
Accepted:
March 7, 2023
Published:
March 10, 2023
Copyright © 20
23 by author(s) and
Scientific
Research Publishing Inc.
This work is licensed under the Creative
Commons Attribution International
License (CC BY
4.0).
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Open Access
R. G. Sacco
DOI:
10.4236/jbbs.2023.133003 34
Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science
Astrologers have claimed that planetary transits can predict synchronicity ex-
periences (SEs), yet this has not been empirically verified. Planetary transits de-
scribe the ongoing movement of the planets in relation to a person’s date of
birth. A planet’s orbital period is the period between transits. Astrology can be
understood as a series of cycles within cycles because each planet has its own or-
bital period. In studies, planetary transits have been shown to be strongly asso-
ciated with Fibonacci numbers [4] [5]. Furthermore, Sacco [6] has demonstrated
how Fibonacci numbers can predict SEs. Despite the preliminary nature of these
results, they provide some insight into how synchronicity experiences may
evolve in time [6] [7] [8].
The use of time series data to study SEs scientifically is a relatively new phe-
nomenon and is still in its early stages [9]. It builds on recent scientific discove-
ries that were not available to Jung and can allow us to trace possible causal fac-
tors in synchronistic events. As an example, Sacco [10] [11] extended the Fibo-
nacci numbers to time series data based on individual birthdates. In these stu-
dies, the emergence and self-organization theories have been extended [6] [7]
[8]. As of yet, no studies have directly linked SEs with planetary transits. The
prior literature on synchronicity is largely based on qualitative research me-
thods, and quantitative research methods are just beginning to emerge as a me-
thod for studying synchronicity [12].
Based on the possible correlation between Fibonacci time-series and SEs [6],
as well as the historical planetary correlation, it would be interesting to establish
which set of time-series could prove particularly useful in predicting SEs. It may
also prove useful in clinical settings to understand the relationship between
time-series models and synchronicity experiences in order to tailor interventions
[13] [14]. Accordingly, the goal of the present study is to test the hypothesis that
planetary transits are predictive of synchronicity events. This study seeks to re-
concile the astrological hypothesis with previous research that shows synchro-
nicity experiences are correlated with Fibonacci time patterns, so that conceptual
boundary points can be identified. An additional objective is to argue that the
concept of synchronicity is fundamentally ambiguous and that model refine-
ment cannot eliminate the ambiguity.
2. Ambiguity in Synchronicity Research
Ambiguity differs from vagueness or imprecision. Adapting the definition of
ambiguity provided by Arthur Koestler for creativity, Byers [15] offers the fol-
lowing definition of ambiguity: “Ambiguity involves a single situation or idea
that is perceived in two self-consistent but mutually incompatible frames of ref-
erence” (p. 28). An ambiguity may set up a dynamic tension between parallel
ideas or set the stage for a resolution. Some regard ambiguities as beautiful. Un-
like ambiguity in the arts, many people feel that ambiguity is not desirable in the
sciences. In his description of the traditional contrast between arts and sciences,
Gupta [16] states: “Mathematical metaphors are powerful analytical tools pre-
R. G. Sacco
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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science
cisely because of the unequivocal relationships between their components, whe-
reas the power of the literary metaphor derives from the incertitude in the con-
nections between its parts” (p. 589).
It has been argued, however, that ambiguity has a crucial role to play in the
sciences. According to Byers [15], the arts and sciences are both creative human
endeavors. The role of ambiguity in science is analogous to the role of ambiguity
in art—it contributes to the depth and power of science. Creativity thrives on am-
biguity. In science, ambiguity is not just present, it is essential. In order for new
scientific ideas to emerge, there must be ambiguity—the existence of multiple,
conflicting frames of reference [15]. In a comprehensive analysis of instances of
“productive ambiguity” in the history of science, Grosholz [17] states that: “When
distinct representations are juxtaposed and superimposed, the result is often a
productive ambiguity that expresses and generates new knowledge” (p. 25).
In an ambiguous situation, there is a significant degree of uncertainty due to a
lack of specification or an unstated assumption, paradigm, or frame of reference.
As a result, it is possible to see the same situation from multiple perspectives. In
synchronicity research, there are various kinds of ambiguity:
Symbolic ambigui-
ty
, when various equivalent symbolic messages are invoked.
Definitional ambi-
guity
, where the meaning of the term synchronicity can be interpreted in various
ways [18].
Paradigmatic ambiguity
, such as Colman’s [19] contrast of Jung’s ac-
count of synchronicity as evidence of an objective principle of meaning in nature
with a view that emphasizes human meaning-making.
Multiple-solution ambi-
guity
, such as with alternative explanatory models of synchronicity [11].
Ambiguities are a result of assumptions and perspectives. In the well-known
Indian story of the elephant and the blind men, the men each touch a different
part of the elephant’s anatomy to derive contradictory views of the animal. The
narrator of the story sees the complementarity of the conflicting observations
which is hidden to the individual. The blind men need to exchange places with
each other and experience different perspectives in order to become enlightened.
The opportunity to experience diverse perspectives simultaneously can be seen
as a result of ambiguity.
In synchronicity research, ambiguity often receives a bad reputation, being
lumped together with misconceptions and misunderstandings as something that
should be avoided at all costs. Hence, for instance, the widespread rejection of
the synchronicity theory in materialist science. In order to avoid ambiguity,
simplifying explanations are frequently necessary such as specifying that syn-
chronicities are “mere coincidences” (underestimated chance events) that can be
described by laws of statistics and confirmation biases [20] [21], which can im-
pede the opportunity for discussion. Research in a field can advance if scholars
are able to tolerate ambiguity in their studies until adequate methods are found
to test more complex and ultimately more useful theories.
3. Synchronicity and Time
Jung’s principle of synchronicity reveals a temporal association between events
R. G. Sacco
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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science
that is ambiguous and has varying emotional significance. In Jung’s theory, time
does not follow a linear pattern. This theory is based on the assumption that
there is an alternative temporal reality that exists beyond linearity and causality.
The Greeks recognized two types of temporalities:
Chronos
and
Kairos
.
Kairos
is
the lived experience of time, the time of human intention, purpose, and goals, in
which past memory, present perception, and future desire merge.
Chronos
refers
to the measurable time of succession, the conscious perception of the passage of
units of time with their asymmetry of past and future, and the irreversibility of
“time.” These two dimensions of time are not simultaneously experienced, but
rather we experience a cognitive oscillation between them, which organizes our
behavior with regards to time.
A more nuanced approach to time is provided by Atmanspacher and Primas
[22], who approach the problem from a dual aspect monism perspective. They
provide a rigorous proposal for viewing tensed and tenseless time as comple-
mentary, yielding a framework for addressing mind-matter relations and the
philosophy of time in ways that are consistent with Jung’s ideas [22]. The term
“tensed” refers to our mental experience of time in terms of past, present, and
future, and a unidirectional movement from past to future, as in the metaphor of
the arrow of time. Tenseless time refers to the concept of physicists and is con-
sistent with the time of relativity theory. According to Atmanspacher and Pri-
mas [22], tensed and tenseless time can be synchronized by holistic correlations.
In other words, mind and matter may be related by sharing a temporal domain,
which serves as an interface between atemporal material and temporal mental
domains.
Jung’s view of time is mainly based on his work on synchronicity and entan-
glement between the material and the mental domains in a way that allows cor-
relations between them. However, Jung is inconsistent and ambiguous when he
refers to time and simultaneity in relation to synchronicity, as Main [23] and
Yiassemides [24] have pointed out. Jung investigated aspects of synchronicity
through astrology, and astrology remained a fascination for him [2]. The attri-
bution of meaning in astrology is based on the rhythmic movement of the pla-
nets through space. Despite astrology’s importance to Jung’s development of the
synchronicity principle, its role in guiding his discoveries is almost entirely
overlooked [25]. This will be addressed in the next section, including the identi-
fication of planetary cycles as possible attractors of synchronicity.
4. The Relationship between Astrology and Synchronicity
Human beings are bound throughout their lives to natural cycles of birth and
death, activity and rest, fertility and infertility, joy and sorrow, and more. Yet, to
this natural perspective of life’s cycles must be added a cultural perspective. In
order to gain understanding and meaning, people look beyond the physical as-
pects of their interactions with the world. Astrology is the bridge between the
world of natural law and the world of meaning. Myth-making, storytelling, and
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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science
legends about the rising and setting of the Sun and Moon date back as far as the
Stone Age around 6000 BC [1]. Astrology has consistently been popular in
modern America, and its popularity seems to be increasing. According to a Gal-
lup polls, about 25% of Americans believe that the stars and planets have an in-
fluence on their lives. In addition, survey results from the National Science
Foundation (NSF) indicate that the percentage of Americans who believe as-
trology is scientific has risen from 32% in 2006 to 40% in 2014.
Astrology’s fundamental research problem is how to explain the connection
between celestial bodies and our daily lives. What are the mechanisms involved?
Over the millennia, a variety of theories have been offered to explain astrology’s
inner workings, most of which can be classified into one of two groups:
causal
explanations
and
acausal explanations
[26]. In the causal model, humans are in-
fluenced by energy or force transmitted from celestial bodies to creatures on
Earth. Some writers explain it in the context of an already known force, like
electromagnetism or gravity. Others believe that this causal force is a form of ener-
gy yet to be discovered by science—and might even be paranormal or occult, as
many esoteric astrologers believe. Either way, such “force” theories suggest that ce-
lestial forces interact with humans through a classical cause-and-effect mechanism.
Most modern astrologers dismiss the causal explanation because determining
the causal process is extremely difficult [26].
In contrast, acausal or synchronistic explanation holds that the secret of as-
trological influence cannot be found in any mechanistic theories of cause and
effect, but only in a more holistic approach to viewing all phenomena as embed-
ded in an interconnected network of meaning [3]. In Carl Jung’s view, the si-
multaneity of celestial and human patterns is a “meaningful coincidence,” with
planetary positions and human lives expressing the same underlying pattern of
meaning. Accordingly, the “mechanism” of astrology is more accurately de-
scribed as fractal symmetry, whereby celestial bodies not only connect causally
with human life, but also encompass dimensions of symmetry that are beyond
their surface appearances [26]. In other words, the behaviors of microcosms re-
flect the behaviors of macrocosms, even though they do so in different ways. The
ancient hermetic maxim “as above, so below; as below, so above” suggests these
links.
Some astrologers have proposed that astrology can be integrated with a deve-
lopmental perspective, using planetary motion to track human development
stages. In this way, Erik Erikson’s [27] life stages have been discussed in the con-
text of planetary cycles [28] [29] [30]. Rossi and Le Grice [2] highlight the efforts
of astrologers to link the temporal aspects of planets with human development
and Jung’s individuation process: “Correlating in some instances to natural
stages of aging and development, the planetary transits reflect psychological
stages and opportunities for growth. This is related to Jung’s concept of individ-
uation…” (p. 8). There is evidence that human development is in sync with pla-
netary cycles. For example, puberty begins around the age of 10 for girls and
around the age of 12 for boys [31], which corresponds to a Jupiter cycle of 11.87
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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science
years. Additionally, the end of optimal fertility in females occurs around age 30
[32], which corresponds to a Saturn cycle of 29.44 years. Human life expectancy
also correlates with the Uranus cycle of 83.81 years.
Sacco [33] presented a comprehensive and integrated model for examining
Erikson’s eight life stages using dynamic systems theory and the Fibonacci se-
quence as meta-frameworks. Based on this model, the human life cycle can be
viewed as a series of attractors around which individual development tends to
advance and which are strongly related to planetary cycles (see Table 1). By
identifying phase shifts in attractor states and how they relate to developmental
processes, this research may also help us better understand experiences of syn-
chronicity [9]. Dynamic forecasting is characterized by clear tendencies, despite
individual differences within systems. Though we are unable to predict the
weather at any given moment, we can accurately predict the temperature by the
day and time of year, because their average values, as well as the variations likely
to take place around those average values, is well known. The reason is that
complex systems tend to “average out.” Statistically, it is also possible to predict
this for human-related matters, such as synchronicity experience.
This dynamic perspective contrasts with the usual way that astrologers think
about prediction. Astrology is mainly based on static forecasting.
Static forecasts
use symmetry in the natal chart to predict the future [2]. In contrast, this study is
aimed at increasing the sophistication of predictive thinking through the use of
dynamic forecasts.
Dynamic forecasts
project the birth date over time and ob-
serve how events progress, develop, and advance [2]. Dynamical phase space is
necessary to recognize attractors of a system [34] [35]. Though the dynamics
underlying synchronicity are complex, multi-faceted, and ambiguous, some pre-
dictability may be found in terms of the attractors of system evolution [6] [9].
Based on empirical analysis of synchronicities in relation to planetary transits,
this study is able to identify new factors that could influence synchronicities. In
addition, it is able to expand the scope of existing theories. The present study
was undertaken in the context of this methodological challenge. It is also in line
with the importance of ambiguity in the research process.
5. The Study
The study aimed to test the astrological hypothesis that there is a relationship
between synchronicity experiences and planetary transits. This is a highly rele-
vant area of research given that synchronicities may support the therapeutic
process [14] [36]. Quantitative research is lacking, however, on the underlying
process that may explain synchronicity.
5.1. Subjects and Sample Size
The sample consisted of 18 subjects who had previously participated in a re-
search study [6]. In this study, no new experimental data was collected. Each
subject could recall exactly when their synchronicity occurred. In total, 18 sub-
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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science
jects reported 41 synchronicities, so the sample size was 41. Of the 18 subjects,
demographic results showed the majority of respondents were female (83%),
White/Caucasian/European (89%), and spiritual but not religious (56%). The sub-
jects ranged in age from 32 to 72 years of age, with an average age of 58.90 (Median
= 61.3; SD = 9.31). On the meaningfulness scale, 23 (56%) of the 41 synchronicities
were rated as 10 out of 10 indicating highly meaningful experiences.
5.2. Measurements
Eight planets constitute the framework for applying astrology to human psy-
chology: Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto [1].
Transits of planets in astrology refer to the time it takes a planet to complete one
orbital cycle relative to the date of birth. For each planet, the period of its motion
is equal to the period of its orbit around the Sun. Table 1 shows the orbital pe-
riods of the planets in our solar system compared to the Fibonacci sequence
multiplied by 24 hours, referred to as the Fibonacci Life Chart [10]. There is a
clear symmetry between planetary orbital periods and Fibonacci time patterns,
as can be seen. Note that all cycles in Table 1 are orbital periods, except for that
of the Moon, which is a precession cycle. Also note that Ceres is classified as a
dwarf planet in Table 1, the nearest dwarf planet to the Sun.
In astrology, the transits of the slower moving planets (e.g., Jupiter and Sa-
turn) are considered to be more important than those of the faster moving pla-
nets (e.g., Mercury and Venus) [2]. For the purposes of this study, the key mea-
surements were three planetary transits, namely, Mars (1.88 years), Jupiter
(11.86 years), and Saturn (29.46 years). A four-stage modeling strategy was used.
First, a time series model was constructed for each of the three planetary transits
(and their cyclic multiples) in Microsoft Excel by consecutively adding 1.88,
Table 1. Temporal symmetry of planetary transits and Fibonacci life chart method.
Body
Cycle (Years)
FLCM (Years)
Percent Error
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Ceres
Jupiter
Moon
Saturn
Uranus
Pluto
0.24
0.62
1.00
1.88
4.60
11.87
18.60
29.44
83.81
248.40
0.24
0.63
1.03
1.67
4.37
11.45
18.53
29.98
78.51
205.54
0.00%
−1.61%
−3.00%
11.17%
4.98%
3.54%
0.38%
−1.83%
6.32%
17.25%
Average deviation
3.72%
Note
. Average deviation statistically significant at the 5% level. Planetary data are from
Weissman (2014).
R. G. Sacco
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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science
11.86, and 29.46 years to a default date of 01/01/2000. Second, birthdates were
individually entered into the default date to automatically convert the Excel
model into a time series. Third, all calendar dates generated by the time series
falling 182.5 days (6 months) before/after the date of the corresponding syn-
chronicity were identified using the Excel conditional formula and compared to
the number of full days between synchronicity dates. Finally, these observed
dates were compared to expected match rates using cutoff limits based on 13, 21,
34, 55, and 89 calendar days before or after the synchronicity date. Table 2
shows the match rates for the expected distribution.
5.3. Statistical Analysis
In terms of statistical analysis, the sample size was adequate (N = 41). An evalua-
tion of the fit between the data and the expected distribution was performed us-
ing the chi-square goodness-of-fit statistic. Statistical significance was defined as
p ≤ 0.10 for all tests.
5.4. Results
This experiment was designed to test whether three planetary transits, Mars
(1.88 years), Jupiter (11.86 years), and Saturn (29.46 years) would predict in-
creased SEs in comparison to chance. Each participant’s birth date was entered
individually into the time series model. From individual simulations of the 18
participant birthdays, there was a total of 90 unique calendar dates that were
182.5 days before/after a synchronicity date in 41 of the 41 available synchronic-
ities. The hypothesis that the time series model will predict a higher frequency of
synchronicities than chance was tested by grouping calendar dates into cate-
gories of 13 days, 21 days, 34 days, 55 days, and 89 days unique match scena-
rios and comparing the proximity of the synchronicity dates for all five sce-
narios. The number of unique matches was compared with the expected dis-
tribution. Pearson goodness-of-fit chi-square analysis did not reveal any differ-
ences in synchronicity matches in comparison to the expected distribution
(p >.10). These data are shown in Table 3.
6. Discussion
This study examined the use of planetary transits, which were the cycle lengths
Table 2. Expected distribution for the time series model ages 23.25 to 72.49 (N = 65).
Interval
Dates
Duplicate
Unique
Total range
% of Total
±13 days
±21 days
±34 days
±55 days
±89 days
1690
2730
4420
7150
11,570
23
55
137
403
1161
1667
2675
4283
6747
10,409
17,973
17,973
17,973
17,973
17,973
9.28%
14.88%
23.83%
37.54%
57.92%
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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science
Table 3. Chi-square results for synchronicity matches (N = 41).
Range
O
%
E
%
χ2
df
p
±13 days
±21 days
±34 days
±55 days
±89 days
5
5
9
15
24
12.20
12.20
21.95
36.59
58.54
3.80
6.10
9.77
15.39
23.75
9.28
14.88
23.83
37.54
57.92
0.42
0.23
0.08
0.02
0.01
1
1
1
1
1
0.5181
0.6293
0.7777
0.8999
0.9370
Note
. O = observed matches; E = expected matches; % = percent of total (N = 41).
of Mars (1.88 years), Jupiter (11.86 years), and Saturn (29.46 years), to predict
increased synchronicity experiences compared to chance. When compared to
chance, planetary transit time series were not significantly more likely to predict
synchronicity. The results suggest no link between planetary transits and syn-
chronicity experience. The data is not consistent with the astrological claim that
planet transits predict synchronicity.
Historically, astrology research can be divided into two major camps—
correlation
and
causation
[26]. Correlation studies focused on correlations between celestial
objects and earthly events and causal studies focused on the causal forces or
mechanisms that celestial objects emit that impact earthly events. For most of its
long history, the emphasis within astrology was on causation—considering the
effects of planets on specific earthly outcomes. During the late 1940s, beginning
with the importance of Jung’s research and analytic work in astrology [2], re-
searchers, theorists, and practitioners increasingly questioned the validity of
causation theories. Hence attention was focused on correlation—what celestial
factors were associated with human change.
Planetary transits do not appear correlated to synchronistic experience. Given
the observations over the centuries by astrologers of the association between
planetary transits and synchronicity experience, another interpretation is war-
ranted. This is possibly supplied by Sacco [4] [6] [9], whose work links planetary
transits to a wider theoretical framework based on entrainment of the Fibonacci
series. Fibonacci time patterns demonstrate temporal symmetry with planetary
transits (see Table 1). Previous research has also demonstrated that Fibonacci
time patterns might predict synchronicity experiences between ±34 days [6].
Therefore, rather than playing a direct causal role in synchronicity experience
(as has often been supposed), planetary transits are perhaps an indicator of
something that is very important to synchronicity, namely, Fibonacci time pat-
terns. It would be interesting in future work to explore whether planetary tran-
sits may influence the predictability of synchronicity using a larger sample size
to provide a more detailed insight into the interplay between planetary transits
and the predictability of synchronicity.
In synchronicity research, and perhaps in all research studies, ambiguity to-
lerance serves as an important resource. The ambiguity of synchronicity allows
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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science
people to investigate what is possible in the world, and in doing so, explore it.
Indeed, many scientists have had experiences that they would describe as mys-
tical, as going beyond familiar sensory dimensions and offering a glimpse of the
unified reality of which mystics speak. Isaac Newton was so intrigued by the
mystical that he devoted the last part of his life to alchemical studies. Albert
Einstein, another prodigious pioneer of science, echoed Newton’s belief in the
reality of the mystical: “The most beautiful and profound emotion we can expe-
rience is the sensation of the mystical. It is the source of all true science” (p. 191)
[37].
Rather than trying to resolve ambiguities, we should view them as opportuni-
ties for exploration [15]. In order for ideas to advance, there must be uncertain-
ty, since it creates an instability in what is currently known, which allows the
formation of new knowledge. This relates to a falsifiable approach to knowledge
and truth and is essential for the sort of falsifiable approach exemplified here.
7. Conclusion
Astrology is an ancient field of study based on the position of planets at the time
of birth. In astrology, planetary transits are often thought to predict increased
synchronicity experiences, but this hasn’t been empirically proven. The aim of
this study was to investigate planetary transits as a potential predictor of syn-
chronicity experience. According to the present research, planetary transits are
unrelated to synchronicity experience. The current findings contradict the pop-
ular belief that planetary transits lead to synchronicity experiences. Fibonacci
time patterns are more likely to play a significant role. In the context of research,
ambiguity means locating parallel and equally valid meanings within their re-
spective systems of reference. As a result, the aspects of an ambiguous situation
(which may seem to be contradictory) may be related.
Conflicts of Interest
The author declares no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this
paper.
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