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Multiple transformations: an introduction
... Numerous case studies also demonstrate how ethnic and immigrant entrepreneurs serve unmet market needs of certain neighborhoods and households, revitalize and fuel the development of abandoned communities, and contribute to their group's voice in local communities (Liu et al., 2013;Schuch and Wang, 2015). For instance, in Miami, Cuban businesses have been indispensable in helping Latino groups achieve economic and political power in the city and region, as well as establishing Miami as a vibrant international trade center and global city (Alberts, 2006). In Los Angeles, the expansion and development of the San Gabriel Valley benefitted greatly from the concentration of immigrant and ethnic businesses including Chinese-American banks (Li, 2009). ...
Women-owned enterprises have boomed significantly during the past several decades. The purpose of this study is to theorize and empirically delineate the connections between female entrepreneurship and community development through the lens of entrepreneurship. Our results indicate that, from the initial creation of these businesses, to their daily operations and resource mobilization through social networks, women entrepreneurs are closely connected to local communities through their business activities. At the same time, as engagement and payback to local communities are fundamental to their professional goals and operation strategies, female entrepreneurship activities have significantly contributed to local communities in a wide range of ways. The dialectical connections between women business owners and their communities have significant potential to be incorporated into community development policies and practices.
Durch Migration entstehen vielfältige Formen der Mobilität, die verschiedene Orte, Lebensweisen und Visionen miteinander verbinden. Menschen, die migrieren, schaffen Räume, die sich sowohl von denen unterscheiden, die sie verlassen haben, als auch von jenen, die neu bezogen wurden. So werden Strukturen, Kulturen und Kommunikationsformen erschaffen, die ohne Impulse durch Migration kaum denkbar wären. Die Lebenspraxis zeigt, dass Menschen mehrere Heimaten und Zugehörigkeiten haben, diverse kulturelle und soziale Netzwerke schaffen können und dass sie mit negativen Zuschreibungen von außen kreativ und subversiv umzugehen wissen. Auf diese Weise entwickeln sich postmigrantische, mehrheimische, hybride und transkulturelle Alltagspraktiken, die bisher kaum gewürdigt worden sind. Die Beiträge dieses Bandes verstehen sich daher als Plädoyer für eine andere Sicht der Dinge und als Absage an das vorauseilende Misstrauen, mit dem migrationsbedingten Phänomenen häufig begegnet wird. Dieser Reader enthält Beiträge u.a. von Wolf-Dietrich Bukow, Sabine Hess, Regina Römhild und Mark Terkessidis.
Cultural security is a basic need for individuals belonging to national and linguistic minorities. Structurally exposed to asymmetric power dynamics, these minorities compete with the larger society for material and non-material resources, rendering their future perspectives particularly precarious. This book brings researchers from different social sciences together to examine the notion of cultural security and its meaning for different national and linguistic minorities through multiple case studies in Europe, Asia, North and South America. The cultural security of these minorities comprises various dimensions, including institutional and territorial arrangements, state stability, as well as different patterns of citizen belonging and participation. Through the prism of these dimensions, the contributors to this book present a variety of strategies of cultural resilience, societal structures and institutional frameworks allowing national and linguistic minorities to secure a certain degree of cultural autonomy and develop a sense of belonging to their respective states. Cultural security is an inescapable condition for the fair and sus-tained development of both minorities and majorities in today’s societies characterized by deep diversity.
Was neoliberal capitalism the only possible development path in Eastern Europe after the collapse of real socialism? How did the restoration of capitalism in the former Eastern bloc affect the economic and political situation in the world? Is the support of workers and lower classes for right-wing populists that has been observed in Eastern Europe for the past 30 years since the fall of the Berlin Wall a permanent phenomenon? By asking these questions, the authors point out that the offensive of the far right began in Europe before the 2015 migration crisis and the 2008 financial crisis, and that it coincided with the weakening of leftist workers’ parties. This process began in the 1990s after the collapse of the Eastern bloc. What can stop this process and change the situation? The solution is to show that another model is still possible: greater egalitarianism, democracy and the rule of law. This sociopolitical alternative, however, must simultaneously oppose two powerful forces: neoliberal capitalism and nationalist populism.
JEL Codes: B50, P30, P34, P36
In this article and with the example of debt stories, I discuss the theory of narrative ethics and the hypothesis that a person needs a story to make sense of his or her life. Knowing that narrators are able to correct rupture and deviance through the right kind of story, I conclude that a socially and discursively compatible debt story can compensate for the experience of social exclusion. Based on interview material with debtors, I can show how narrative structure becomes a key instrument in presenting a debt story successfully: conversion, educational or underdog stories enable storytellers to claim agency and take control over the narrative representation of their lives
The book is pioneering in Poland. but also in Central Europe. lt shows the mechanisms of adaptation to the systemie transformation in Poland after 1989, based on the analysis of narratives of people barn in 1960, 1970 and 1980 who are representatives of diverse social milieus and have different professional and life experiences. The reader will find here a model application of the biographical research methodology developed by Fritz Schütze for a series of case studies. which makes this publication the most extensive work using the indicated method for research on transformation. The authors of the individual chapters, emphasizing the individual agency of the subjects, avoid the pitfalls of neoliberal discourse shifting responsibility for their fates onto individuals. Apart from the analysis of autonomous ways of agency, they show various potentials of losing control over one’s life, biographical trajectories, as well as biographical resources, mainly of a family nature, which serve to deal mare effectively with the consequences of systemic transformation. The book has received funding from the National Science Center, Poland under grant agreement No. UMO-2013/09/B/HS6/03100 “Experience of the Process of the Transformation in Poland. A Sociological Comparative Analysis Based on Biographical Perspective”
By the 30th anniversary of the fall of the Berlin Wall, in most parts of Eastern Europe, high expectations associated with postsocialist transition have been substituted by disillusionment. After 1990, Eastern Europe has been internationally treated with a low-interest acknowledgement of what was understood as a slow and erratic, but unquestionable process of integration in a Western-dominated world order. In the context of today’s geopolitical reorganization, East European examples of authoritarian politics once again become discussed as significant reference points for Western and global politics. This book represents a contribution to this debate from a distinctive East European perspective: that of new left scholars and activists from the region, whose lifetime largely corresponds to the transformations of the postsocialist period, and who came to develop an understanding of their environment in terms of its relations to global capitalist processes. A both theoretical and empirical contribution, the book provides essential insights on topics conventionally associated with East European transition from privatization to the politicized slogans of corruption or civil society, and analyzes their connection to the newest reconfigurations of postsocialist capitalist regimes. As a contribution to contemporary debates on the present global socio-political transformation, this collection does not only seek to debate analytical statements, but also to change the field where analytical stakes are set, by adding perspectives that think Eastern Europe’s global relations from within the regional context and its political stakes.
Agnes Gagyi works on East European politics and social movements from the perspective of the region’s long-term global integration. She is researcher on East European social movements at the University of Gothenburg, and member of the Working Group for Public Sociology “Helyzet” in Budapest.
Ondřej Slačálek is a political scientist and journalist, he focuses on East European politics, nationalism and social movements. He works at Charles University, Prague. He is a regular collaborator of Czech new left journal A2/A2larm.
The changes in structure and discourse of East German Theater during the transformation 1989 -1995 and its effects on the new German state are the topicof this doctoral thesis. Futhermore it analyses the elite change in the field of theater in East Germany and how the cultural policies were shaped anew.
Transformation als nicht-evolutorischer gesellschaftlicher Wandel ist ein historisches Phänomen der Moderne. Gegenstand des Handbuchs sind Felder, Theorien und Methoden der sozialwissenschaftlichen Transformationsforschung. Am Anfang stehen die drei großen Paradigmen der Transformationsforschung: System, Institutionen und Akteure. Es folgen prominente Forschungsansätze unter anderem aus der Modernisierungstheorie, dem Strukturalismus, dem Historischen Institutionalismus, der Entwicklungsökonomik und der Politischen Ökonomie. Ein weiterer Teil ist den Methoden gewidmet. Quantitativ-statistische Verfahren werden hier ebenso vorgestellt wie makro-qualitative Methoden, Methoden aus der Ethnographie, den Wirtschaftswissenschaften und der Diskursanalyse. Nach einem Überblick über die wichtigsten historischen Wellen gesellschaftlicher Transformationen folgt ein Blick auf Sphären der Transformation wie Recht, Staat, Wirtschaft und Zivilgesellschaft. Mehr als vierzig kürzere Stichworte von A wie Autokratieförderung bis W wie Wohlfahrtsregime vertiefen einzelne transformatorische Grundprobleme. Dieses Handbuch integriert politikwissenschaftliche, soziologische und wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Perspektiven. Daneben finden rechts- und kulturwissenschaftliche Zugänge Berücksichtigung.
Welche Rolle spielt die „Wende“ im Leben von ehemaligen DDR-Bürgern bei der narrativen Konstruktion ihrer Lebenserfahrungen? Aufbauend auf Theorien zum kollektiven, und kulturellen Gedächtnis beschäftigt sich dieser Beitrag mit den Konzepten von Ereignis und Gedächtnis und der Frage wie sich dieses theoretische Spannungsverhältnis in den narrativen Identitätskonstruktionen ehemaliger DDR-Bürger niederschlägt. Um die narrativen Konstruktionen Ostdeutscher erfassen zu können, wurden 23 narrative Interviews mit ehemaligen DDR-Bürgern geführt, in denen die eigene Lebensgeschichte zunächst als spontane Erzählung wiedergegeben wurde. Die Analyse der spontanen Lebensgeschichten und der daran anschließenden semi-strukturierten Interviews zeigt, dass die „Wende“ vor allem dann als wichtiges Ereignis in autobiografischen Erzählung auftaucht, wenn sie zeitgleich mit konkreten Ereignissen, wie z. B. Arbeitslosigkeit oder Arbeitsstellenwechsel als Folge der Wiedervereinigung auftrat. War dies nicht der Fall und tauchten identitätsverändernde Ereignisse erst nach 1990 auf, wurde die „Wende“ in der Regel nicht als auslösender Faktor für diese persönlichen Umbrüche gesehen.
Refuting the argument to choose between "the politics of recognition" and the "politics of redistribution," Justice Interruptus integrates the best aspects of both. ********************************************************* ** What does it mean to think critically about politics at a time when inequality is increasing worldwide, when struggles for the recognition of difference are eclipsing struggles for social equality, and when we lack any credible vision of an alternative to the present order? Philosopher Nancy Fraser claims that the key is to overcome the false oppositions of "postsocialist" commonsense. Refuting the view that we must choose between "the politics of recognition" and the "politics of redistribution," Fraser argues for an integrative approach that encompasses the best aspects of both.
Mit makroökonomischer Stabilisierung bezeichnen wir eine Menge wirtschaftspolitischer Maßnahmen, die darauf gerichtet sind, makroökonomische Ungleichgewichte zu beseitigen und die Stabilität wiederherzustellen. Das Augenmerk richtet sich dabei vor allem auf die Preisstabilität und das monetäre, fiskalische und Zahlungsbilanzgleichgewicht, um übermäßige Inflation zu vermeiden. Der entgegengesetzte Fall, Deflation, ist ebenso wenig erwünscht, wie beispielsweise zu Zeiten der Großen Depression 1929-1933. In zweiter Linie geht es um die Stabilisierung des Wachstums und der Beschäftigung mit Hilfe der Geld- und Fiskalpolitik.
This article addresses the questions the ending of the Cold War raises for the understanding of gender and politics. It starts with the surprise that has been caused by the events of transition, and reflects this back to ask how expectations of transition which have consistently not been fulfilled, are produced. Why did feminism not develop in the wake of state socialism in the way many thought that it would? An argument is put forward to show how an idea of the West and of liberal freedom is at stake in the interpretation of the events of postcommunism. The article analyses how an idea of western freedom, which presupposes that identities under democratic and communist regimes are the same, also underpins tensions in WestEast transnational feminist debate. A reconceptualization of transition is offered, first through a critique of the Newtonian concept of absolute space that underpins the idea of liberal freedom and the way in which this operates in civil society discourse. Second, a new analytical framework is offered, using the alternative, relativistic, concept of 'curved space'. Unlike the notion of absolute space, 'curved space' cannot be defined in the abstract, but is produced by and produces the specific identities which exist at any given moment in time. Different processes of identity formation in the West and in the East, can thus be related to differences in the curvature of space, that is, to the differences, in communist and democratic regimes, of relations of power. These power relation differences are a reflection of the organization of the economy-state. The article then shows how the hierarchization of citizenship is implied in the state/economy changes being put in place in the former Soviet Bloc. The institutionalization of gender after communism can be seen as part of an historically unprecedented process of social differentiation implicated in the re-introduction of private rights, and in the market economy and class relations which for the first time in history, are being required and instituted by (supra)states.
Jahresbericht zum Stand der Deutschen Einheit
- Bundesministerium Für Wirtschaft Und Energie
Unpublished Presentation at the Online Workshop “Agents of Cultural Change: Subsidy for the Arts Around the System Change
- S Altmann
What Stalin and Reagan Told Us to Think: The Reproduction of the Cold War Paradigm in American Academia.” Replika 21-26. special issue
- D Cahalen
Telling the Great Change: The Process of the Systemic Transformation in Poland in Biographical Perspective. Łódż: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
- K Kaźmierska
- K Waniek
Budapest: Magyar Országos Levéltár
- G Majtényi
Das neue Europa: Veränderungen eines kulturellen Konzeptes. Ethnologische Perspektiven
- P Niedermüller
Gender in den Transformationsprozessen Osteuropas: Transformation als androzentrisches Projekt
- S Hess
Reden über Erfahrung kulturwissenschaftliche Bewusstseinsanalyse des Erzählens. Berlin: Reimer
- A Lehmann
Iránytű vagy zsákutca? A legújabb tranzitológiai irodalommal vitázva.” [Compass or a dead end? Contesting recent tendencies in transitology
- R Tőkés
A tranzitológiától a transzformációig: régi és új paradigmák a rendszerváltás nemzetközi szakirodalmában.” [From transitology to transformation: new and old paradigms in the international literature on the system change
- E Bartha
Die lange Geschichte der “Wende”: Geschichtswissenschaft im Dialog
- K Brückweh
The Handbook of Political, Social and Economic Transformation
- R Kollmorgen
Kunstdebatte und Vereinigungskrise. Der Bilderstreit um die Kunst aus der DDR
- A Tack
Europe Since 1989: A History
- P Ther
- Jarausch K.