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Growth and Yield Response of Various Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) Cultivars under Faisalabad Conditions

Authors:
M A Pervez
M A Pervez
M A Pervez
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C M Ayyub
C M Ayyub
C M Ayyub
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Muhammad Zafar Iqbal at University of Agriculture Faisalabad
Muhammad Zafar Iqbal
Basharat Ali Saleem at Department of Agriculture
Basharat Ali Saleem
  • Department of Agriculture
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Various radish cultivars were grown during the years 2001 and 2002 to compare their yield potential and to find out high yielding better cultivar. The data suggested that the cultivar "Sixty days" superceded all the cultivars in relation to yield potential whereas, Mino Early Long White and Green Neck appeared to be promising for adoption in future.
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155
Pak. j. life soc. sci. (2003), 1(2): 155-157
Growth and Yield Response of Various Radish (Raphanus sativus L.)
Cultivars under Faisalabad Conditions
M.A. Pervez, C.M. Ayyub, M. Zafar Iqbal1 Basharat Ali Saleem
Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad – Pakistan
1Department of Mathematics & Statistics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad – Pakistan
Abstract
Various radish cultivars were grown during the
years 2001 and 2002 to compare their yield potential
and to find out high yielding better cultivar. The
data suggested that the cultivar “Sixty days”
superceded all the cultivars in relation to yield
potential whereas, Mino Early Long White and
Green Neck appeared to be promising for adoption
in future.
Key words: Radish, Cultivars, Growth and Yield.
Introduction
Plant introduction has played an important role in the
development of agriculture in many countries of the
world. The plant material is imported and grown under
local conditions for adoption and the best yeidling
material is evaluated to obtain better production (Cools
and Straatsma 1985)
Radish is grown practically by all home and
commercial gardeners. Radish roots and leaves are
cooked as vegetable in different forms and are good
source of vitamin A & C (Antonova 1991). Scientists
have prefered to introduce new imported cultivars by
growing them under local conditions and evaluating the
best performing cultivar. Jorgensen (1990) compared 6
cultivars at two sites with different sowing dates
between early May and early September. Better results
were obtained from crop sown in September as
compared to July sown crop. Similarly, Deolate et al.,
(1994) studied radish cultivars, Pusa Rashmi, Pusa
Hemani, Japanese white, Baramasi vijay and Pusa
Chekti etc. in India during Rabi season. Pusa Rashmi
was found to be the best cultivar in respect to root
length, diameter, Wt. /plant and yield as compared to
other cultivars. Verma et al (1989) harvested roots of 5
cultivars from 8 different sowings. (5 March-
22September). The parameters studied were average
number of leaves/plant, leaf development pattern and
leaf & root length etc. Generally, sowing in June and
thereafter resulted in to higher production. Therefore,
the best yielding varieites can be found out by
introduicng the varieites from abroad.
The present studies were conducted therefore, to
evaluate the best performing cultivars to get higher
yields and better returns for farmers in which six
Radish cultivars were compared under Faisalabad
conditions.
Materials and Methods
A field study was conducted at Vegetable Research
Area, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of
Agriculture, Faisalabad during the year 2001 & 2002.
The experiment was laid out in radomized complete
block design (RCBD) with 4 replications. Six Radish
cultivars were sown to study their growth & yield
response. The cultivars used were Mino early long
white, Minowase, Sixty days, Green neck, April Cross
and All season. The seeds were sown on ridges made
75 cm apart with 10 cm plant to plant distance. The net
plot size measured was 54 meters having six ridges.
The parameters studied were final plant height, No of
leaves per plant, fresh root weight / plant, root length,
root diameter, total biomass, root yield / plot and per
hectare. The usual methods and devices were used to
take plant height, root diameter, root length, root
weight / plant and root yield etc. Experiment was
repeated second year, means were computed and data
were analysed using analysis of variance techniques
and differences among various treatments means were
determined by using New Duncan’s Multiple Range
Test at 5% prsbablity level (Steel & Torrie 1984)
Results and Discussion
Plant height
Maximum plant hieght was observed in case of Mino
early long white (77.94 cm) followed by Sixty days
(77.22 cm) whereas, minimum plant height was
observed in case of all season cultivar while,
remainimg three cultivars showed intermediate height.
Plant height can be considered as one of the indices of
plant vigour ordinarily. These variations in relation to
height of plants for various radish cultivars might be
affected by the environment to the great extent besides
genetic potential. Similar results were reported by
Bashir (1981).
Pakistan Journal of
Life and Social Sciences
Corresponding author: M.A. Pervez
Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of
Agriculture, Faisalabad -Pakistan
E.Mail: pervez62@hotmail.com
156
Table 1: Growth and Yield Response of Six Radish Cultivars (Mean of Two Years Data)
Observations
Cultivars
Mino early
long white
V1
All season
V2
Green Neck
V3
April cross
V4
Minowase
V5
Sixty Days
V6
Plant Height (cm) 77.94 a 53.78 e 71.10 b 57.45 d 60.30 c 77.22 a
No of leaves 23.45 a 16.55 b 27.00 16.55 b 14.85 b 24.35 a
Root length (cm) 36.16 b 26.52 b 31.90 c 28.70 d 27.48 de 38.95 a
Root Diameter (cm) 3.21 a 2.245 d 2.852 b 2.548 c 2.795 b 3.287 a
Fresh Wt. of root / plant
(g) 182.1 a 97.08 e 155.4 b 11.8 d 144.7 c 186.9 a
Total Biomass / plant (g) 32.10 c 16.25 e 33.97 b 22.58 d 16.00 e 38.30 a
Root yield /plot (kgs) 11.18 b 4.440 e 8.925 c 6.188 d 8.505 c 11.91 a
Root yield per ha. (kgs) 6684 b 2654 e 5335 c 3699 d 5084 c 7119 a
No of leaves
Maximum number of leaves were observed for Green
neck (27) which remained statistically at par with sixty
days (24.15) and Mino early long white (23.45)
whereas, minimum number of leaves were recorded in
case of Minowase (14.85) which was statistically
similar with other cultivars like April cross (16.55) and
All season (16.55) . The number of leaves is an
important character as the leaves are the plant factories,
manufacturing carbohydrates. Therefore, the cultivar
with more number of leaves generally gives high
yields. These reults are in agreement with the findings
of Tariq (1975) and Verma et al., (1989)
Length of roots (cm)
Cultivar Sixty days produced significantly the longest
roots (38.95 cm) than other cultivars while, second
position was occupied by cultivar Mino early long
white which produced 36.16 cm long roots. The
cultivars all season and Minowase had minimum root
length of 26.52 cm and 27.48 cm respectively which
were statistically at par with each other. Environmental
and genetic factors strongly effect on root length. So
cultivars with more number of leaves have more root
length. Similarly soil conditions might have an effect
on root length. So, different cultivars have different
root length accoridng to their behaviour. Similar results
were also reported by Banga (1964)
Root diameter (cm)
Cultivar Sixty days had greater root diameter (3.28 cm)
followed by cultivar Mino early long white (3.21 cm).
Next in order were cultivars green neck (2.85 cm) and
Minowase (2.79 cm) which were statistically similar
whereas, all season produced least diamter (2.24 cm).
Root diameter depends upon environmental factors, soil
conditions and genetic make up and root length which
increases root diameter also. So Sixty days and Mino
early Long White produced greater root diameter
because of their increased root length and potential.
The results are in line with the findings of deolate et al.,
(1994).
Fresh root Wt. (g)
More weight (186.9 g) of fresh roots / plant was
produced by cultivar Sixty days followed by Mino
early long white (182.1 g) which are statistically at par
with each other. Cultivar Green neck produced 155.4 g
fresh root Wt. and securing second position whereas,
minimum fresh root weight was observed in case of All
seaon (97.08 g). It is fact that yield is related to number
of leaves, root length and root diameter. Therefore,
cultivar Mino early long white and Sixty days produced
more weight of fresh roots per plant than other cultivars
as they have more number of leaves, plant height and
root shoot growth.
Total biomass /plant
The analysis of variance showed highly significant
results in relation to total biomass per plant for various
radish cultivars. The comparison of means indicated
that cultivar Sixty days gained the maximum total
biomass per plant (38.30 g), colosely followed by
cultivar Green neck (33.97 g) whereas, minimum total
bio mass was produced by the cultivars all season,
(16.25 g) and Minowase (16.00 g). remaining
statistically at par with each other. It is evident that
cultivars having more height, number of leaves and root
size had maximum biomass.
Root yield (kg)
The cultivar Sixty days produced maximum root yield
per plot (11.9 kg) i.e. 7119 kg/ha . The cultivar Mino
early long white secured second position producing
roots of 11.18 kg / plot i.e. 6684 kg / ha; both the
cultivars remained statistically at par. While All season
produced minimum yield of 4.44 kg/plot i.e. 2854
kg/ha . Comparison of different cultivars showed a
great variation for yield potential which can be
Pervez et al.
157
attributed to different aspects as discussed earlier
alongwith differences in case of germplasm of the
cultivars. These results are in line with the findings of
Sarwar (1972) Tariq (1975) and Limin et al., (1997).
The study concluded that the cultivar Sixty days
superceded all the cultivars in relation to yield potential
whereas, cultivars Mino early long white and Green
neck appeared to be promising for adoption in future.
References
Antonova, N.G. A new radish variety for protected
cultivation. Kartofel-I-Ovoshchi 18(1). (Hort.
Absts. 1991. 61(11):10000)
Banga, O. Identification of western range of carrot
varieites (Dacus carota L) Proc. Int. Seed Test.
Ass., 1964. 29:957-61.
Bashir, A. Evaluation of some exotic varieties of
potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L) M.Sc. Thesis,
Department of Horticulture, University of
Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan. 1981.
Cools, M.H. and Stratsma, J.P. Radish cultivar for
winter culture. Groeten-en-Fruit, 1985. 41(17):
46-47;p2.(Hort. Absts; 56-7756).
Deolate, A.B., Belorkar, P.V., Badvaik, N.G., Patil,
S.R. and Rathod, J.R. Peformanc of some radish
(Raphnus sativus L.) cultivars under Nagpur
conditions. Indian J. Soil and Crops. 1994.
4(2):120-121.
Jorgensen, I. Cultivar of Japanese radish Gron-Viden,
Havebrug 1990. 47(1) pp6. (Hort.Absts. 61(7):
5868).
Li Min, M., Gai, S.Y. and Gai., Y. Selction of a new
cultivar of radish China, vegetables 1997. 4:24-
28.(Hort-Absts. 57:5321).
Sarwar, M. Evaluation of some important exotic
cultivars of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L).
M.Sc. thesis, Dept. of Hort. University of
Agriculture, Faisalabad (P-32) 1972.
Steel, R.G.D. and Torrie, J.H. Principles and
Procedures of statistics. MC graw Hill Bok. Co.
New Yark. pp 173-191. 1984.
Tariq, A.H. Evaluation of some exotic cultivars of
Potato. M.Sc. Thesis, Department of Horticultre,
University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
PP:14-44. 1975.
Verma, T.S., Dayal, S. and Chard, R. Environmental
interaction on radish cultivars. Veg. Sci. 1989.
16(1): 14-20 (Hort Abst. 60 : 5204).
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A new radish variety for protected cultivation
  • Jan 1991
  • 10000
  • N G Antonova
Antonova, N.G. A new radish variety for protected cultivation. Kartofel-I-Ovoshchi 18(1). (Hort. Absts. 1991. 61(11):10000)
Identification of western range of carrot varieites (Dacus carota L)
  • Jan 1964
  • 957-961
  • O Banga
Banga, O. Identification of western range of carrot varieites (Dacus carota L) Proc. Int. Seed Test. Ass., 1964. 29:957-61.
Evaluation of some exotic varieties of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L) M.Sc. Thesis, Department of Horticulture
  • Jan 1981
  • A Bashir
Bashir, A. Evaluation of some exotic varieties of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L) M.Sc. Thesis, Department of Horticulture, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan. 1981.
Radish cultivar for winter culture. Groeten-en-Fruit
  • Jan 1985
  • 46-47
  • M H Cools
  • J P Stratsma
Cools, M.H. and Stratsma, J.P. Radish cultivar for winter culture. Groeten-en-Fruit, 1985. 41(17): 46-47;p2.(Hort. Absts; 56-7756).
Peformanc of some radish (Raphnus sativus L.) cultivars under Nagpur conditions
  • Jan 1994
  • 120-121
  • A B Deolate
  • P V Belorkar
  • N G Badvaik
  • S R Patil
  • J R Rathod
Deolate, A.B., Belorkar, P.V., Badvaik, N.G., Patil, S.R. and Rathod, J.R. Peformanc of some radish (Raphnus sativus L.) cultivars under Nagpur conditions. Indian J. Soil and Crops. 1994. 4(2):120-121.
Cultivar of Japanese radish Gron-Viden, Havebrug 1990. 47(1) pp6. (Hort
  • 5868
  • I Jorgensen
Jorgensen, I. Cultivar of Japanese radish Gron-Viden, Havebrug 1990. 47(1) pp6. (Hort.Absts. 61(7): 5868).
Selction of a new cultivar of radish China
  • Jan 1997
  • 5321
  • M Li Min
  • S Y Gai
  • Y Gai
Li Min, M., Gai, S.Y. and Gai., Y. Selction of a new cultivar of radish China, vegetables 1997. 4:24-28.(Hort-Absts. 57:5321).
Evaluation of some important exotic cultivars of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L)
  • M Sarwar
Sarwar, M. Evaluation of some important exotic cultivars of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L).
Evaluation of some exotic cultivars of Potato
  • Jan 1975
  • 14-44
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Tariq, A.H. Evaluation of some exotic cultivars of Potato. M.Sc. Thesis, Department of Horticultre, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan. PP:14-44. 1975.