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Acta Scientific Clinical Case Reports
Volume 3 Issue 11 November 2022
The Perspective of Hormonal Imbalance in Humans: A Review
Njoku-Obi Treasure1, Nnodim Johnkennedy2*, Osuoha Chinyere3,
Ikem Promise Amarachi2 and Nwaofor Chioma1
1Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Imo State University, Owerri, Imo
State, Nigeria
2Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Science, Imo State
University, Owerri, Nigeria
3Department of Medical Laboratory Services, General Hospital, Awo Omamma, Imo
State, Nigeria
*Corresponding Author: Nnodim Johnkennedy, Department of Medical Laboratory
Science, Faculty of Health Science, Imo State University, Owerri, Nigeria.
Case Report
Received: September 05, 2022
Published: October 19, 2022
© All rights are reserved by Nnodim
Johnkennedy., et al.
Abstract
function in the body, even minor hormonal imbalances can have an adverse effect wherever in the body. Chemicals known as
hormones are created by glands in the endocrine system. The right amounts of hormones are required for the body to function at
its best. Contrarily, hormonal imbalance happens at least once or twice in a person’s lifespan. However, with the fast-paced modern
lifestyle of today, it has become more typical. It is more typical to experience hormonal imbalances during puberty, menstruation,
and pregnancy.
Keywords: Perspective; Hormonal Imbalance; Humans
Introduction
The body’s chemical messengers are called hormones. Through
blood, they deliver crucial information to the cells. Hormones
typically target cells through receptors. They are created by the
endocrine glands and move to different tissues and organs via the
bloodstream. Each hormone has a distinct purpose and delivers
a crucial message to particular bodily regions. For instance, the
melatonin hormone is created and released by the pineal gland.
brain, where receptors can pick them up. The body receives a
signal to rest when melatonin levels rise, during menstruation, and
during pregnancy. However, some people have persistent, erratic
hormonal issues [1].
Hormones in the body are fundamentally in charge of regulating
and balancing almost every major system. Hormones manage
mood, determine how to handle stress, and affect how the body
breaks down food [2]. They also affect growth and development.
There are endocrine glands located all over the body. These
glands consist of: Thyroid: regulates heart rate and caloric
expenditure; adrenals: regulates stress and sex drive; Pituitary:
which regulates development, The pineal gland regulates sleep,
Women’s ovaries, which regulate female sex hormones, Male sex
hormones are regulated by the testes in men, The hypothalamus
regulates the release of other hormones as well as thirst, appetite,
sleep, sex desire, moods, and body temperature. The parathyroid
gland regulates calcium, Thymus: oversees the immune system’s
adaptability and Pancreas: control blood sugar levels.
Citation: Nnodim Johnkennedy., et al. “The Perspective of Hormonal Imbalance in Humans: A Review". 3.11 (2022):
03-06.
The body contains a variety of various hormones. One or more of
these glands may have issues when there is a hormonal imbalance.
The indications and symptoms that may emerge from a particular
hormone imbalance will be determined by that hormone. Major
hormones present in the body include some of the following:
The hormone testosterone regulates sex drive in both men and
women. Stress is managed by the hormone cortisol. Melatonin, a
hormone that regulates the circadian rhythm and sleep cycles in
the body, Ghrelin: a hormone that regulates appetite and alerts you
to hunger, Insulin: reacts to blood sugar levels, Estrogen: governs
women’s menstrual cycles and controls sex drive in both men and
women, Progesterone: affects the changes that occur in the body
during pregnancy, Serotonin regulates mood, hunger, and sleep
cycles. Growth hormone: regulates cell division and subsequent
cell growth, Leptin: regulates appetite and alerts you to fullness [3].
Hormonal imbalance
When hormones are not generated at the appropriate levels, a
hormonal imbalance results. Hormonal imbalances can come in
many forms. There may be an excess of the particular hormone in
how the signs and symptoms present themselves and what risks
are connected [4].
Although there are a few frequent life changes, like menopause
or pregnancy, that might lead to hormone imbalance. Hormonal
abnormalities can affect both men and women. Hormone
imbalances can occur in young people, adults, seniors, and even
children. There is no one approach to identify a hormonal imbalance
because hormones and their functions are so diverse. A wide range
of conditions can be a sign that the hormones are out of balance.
the event of the emergence of unusual symptoms [5].
Routine symptoms of a hormonal imbalance
Various symptoms might result from hormonal abnormalities.
Fatigue, unexplained weight gain or loss, dry skin or skin rashes,
adjustments in appetite or thirst are a few examples. alterations
in heartbeat, Headaches, an expansion in the neck swollen face
frequency, responsiveness to heat and cold a faster or slower
heartbeat, weakened, sensitive, stiff, or painful muscles, Joint
discomfort, stiffness, and edema [6].
Additionally, a lot of hormone imbalance symptoms can be
deceptive. For instance, a hormonal imbalance can show symptoms
such as weight increase or loss. It is therefore quite challenging to
identify which particular hormone is the cause of the issue only
based on symptoms. At this point, a serum hormonal assay is
required. [7].
It has been suggested that low progesterone levels can make
this. However, high amounts of progesterone can also be harmful
since they make people feel drowsy even when they are getting
enough sleep. The body receives a signal from low melatonin that it
when they have low estrogen [8].
Symptoms of hormonal imbalance
When the endocrine system is in good working order, its timely
and accurate hormone release helps to maintain optimal health
and performance. This system’s glands support almost all vital
bodily functions. Therefore, hormonal imbalance can happen if
there is a problem with one or more glands, leading to a variety of
disorders, some more serious than others. A hormone imbalance
test can identify these changes, which opens the way to receiving
the proper care to cure the symptoms of hormonal imbalance [9].
Causes of hormonal imbalance
Depending on which hormone is involved, several factors
contribute to hormonal imbalances. However, they are typically
brought on by alterations in or issues with a gland that produces
hormones. For instance, a thyroid gland that isn’t working properly
may either generate too little or too much thyroid hormone, which
would increase the body’s metabolism. Other potential causes of
thyroid dysfunction include autoimmune illnesses, thyroid nodules,
medicines, and, in rare cases, thyroid cancer. Age-related changes,
such as menopause and andropause, as well as hereditary illnesses,
stress, nutritional problems, or drugs can result in imbalances in
male or female sex hormones, such as estrogen, progesterone, and
testosterone. Cortisol and other adrenal hormone abnormalities
can be caused by excessive stress, poor diet, aging, and some drugs
[10].
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The Perspective of Hormonal Imbalance in Humans: A Review
Citation: Nnodim Johnkennedy., et al. “The Perspective of Hormonal Imbalance in Humans: A Review". 3.11 (2022):
03-06.
A hormonal imbalance can be caused by a variety of different
body and is related to various glands and hormones. Hormonal
imbalances can be caused by a variety of diseases and other
circumstances [11].
Particularly when it comes to those that are particular to the
reproductive system, hormones have differing effects on men and
women. Additionally, there are various developmental phases for
men and women. Men do not experience the hormonal changes
that women go through during their menstrual cycle, pregnancy, or
menopause. Symptoms of hormone imbalance in women include
vaginal dryness or pain, thinning hair, night sweats, Darkening of
the skin, especially around the breasts, neck, and groin Skin tags,
chest, upper back, and face, acne [12].
hormonal problems. The hormone testosterone is in charge of
regulating male development. Men may suffer the following if
this hormone level is out of balance: Increased tissue around the
breast area, tenderness in the breast area loss of bone mass, slowed
sexual drive, reduced hair growth, loss of muscular mass, attention
problems, and erectile dysfunction [13].
Laboratory assay for a hormonal imbalance
One of the most popular methods for determining hormone
levels is a blood test. This test can measure the levels of thyroid,
be requested because a hormone test for women will detect
different levels of sex hormones than a test for men. Multiple
hormone kinds can also be found with a straightforward saliva test.
Estradiol, progesterone, and testosterone levels can be determined
using a saliva test [14].
there are questions and concerns regarding certain symptoms that
imbalance and choose the most appropriate course of treatment
[15].
Treatment for a hormonal imbalance
Hormonal abnormalities are treatable in a number of ways. The
reason of the imbalance will determine the course of treatment. A
change in hormones can occasionally be brought on by a life event,
such as menopause. Then, the course of treatment would be brief.
A longer pharmaceutical regimen will be required, nevertheless, if
the hormonal imbalance is the result of a genetic condition [16].
A typical treatment for hormonal abnormalities is hormone
therapy. Estrogen therapy is an option for women who are
experiencing uncomfortable menopausal symptoms. Men with
low testosterone levels or teenagers who are experiencing delayed
puberty frequently opt for testosterone therapy. Those who have
hormone replacement therapy can be administered orally, topically,
or even intravenously. Nevertheless, it’s crucial to consult a doctor
who can help determine the right dosage by examining test results
and hormone levels. He will use this to calculate the precise dosage
of added hormone required to restore the balance [17].
The hormones utilized in these treatments can be of various
sorts. In a lab, bioidentical hormones are created. They are
chemically identical to those that the body naturally makes. For
instance, a synthetic hormone with the same molecular structure
as the hormone found in the body is produced using a substance
derived from soy or yams. Despite the fact that these hormones are
created in a lab, they may be an exact match for any hormones that
a person may be lacking [18].
Pharmaceutical companies are able to create bioidentical
hormones utilizing various dosages. Examples are tri-estrogen,
which contains 10% estrone, 10% estradiol, and 80% estriol, or
bi-estrogen, which combines estriol and estriol between 50% and
80% [19].
Natural hormones are not created in a laboratory. They are
naturally occurring substances that come from either an animal or
a plant. Although some patients enjoy the concept of a naturally
occurring hormone, it’s crucial to realize that natural hormones
can’t provide the same perfect match as bioidentical hormones
[20].
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The Perspective of Hormonal Imbalance in Humans: A Review
Citation: Nnodim Johnkennedy., et al. “The Perspective of Hormonal Imbalance in Humans: A Review". 3.11 (2022):
03-06.
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03-06.
