Correction to: The Psychology of Athletic Tapering in Sport: A Scoping Review

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Vol.:(0123456789)
Sports Medicine (2023) 53:803–806
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-023-01824-1
CORRECTION
Correction to: The Psychology ofAthletic Tapering inSport: AScoping
Review
MaxwellJ.Stone1 · CamillaJ.Knight2,3,7· RossHall4· CatherineShearer5· RossNicholas6· DavidA.Shearer3,4
Published online: 18 February 2023
© The Author(s) 2023
Correction to: Sports Medicine
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-022-01798-6
Following online publication, some numerical errors were
identified in paragraph 3 of the section entitled, “3.2 Char-
acteristics of Psychological Research Examining Taper”.
This paragraph, which previously read:
Most (92%) articles used an athlete sample (n = 44), with
only three articles examining coaches and one article exam-
ining both athletes and coaches. In total, the articles included
1531 athletes, of which 1062 (69%) were male and 496 were
female (31%). Three studies [17, 35, 36], equating to 30
participants, did not report or make explicit the gender of the
participants. A total of 34 coaches were included in studies
(28 were male and six were female). In one article using both
an athlete and coach sample, 15 were female and eight were
male [37]. The gender of the individual athlete and coach
groups was not reported.
Has now been updated to read:
Most (92%) articles used an athlete sample (n = 44), with
only three articles examining coaches and one article exam-
ining both athletes and coaches. In total, the articles included
1588 participants. Of these participants, 1548 were athletes
(97%) and 40 were coaches (3%). Of the athletes, 1026 were
male (66%) and 475 were female (31%). Of the coaches, 28
were male (70%) and 6 were female (15%). Across four stud-
ies [17, 35, 36, 37], the gender of 47 athletes and six coaches
was not reported or made explicit (representing 3% and 15%
of the respective total percentages).
These errors also affected the numbers reported in Table2.
Table2 has therefore also been updated.
The original article has been corrected.
The original article can be found online at https:// doi. org/ 10. 1007/
s40279- 022- 01798-6.
* Maxwell J. Stone
max.stone@newcastle.ac.uk
1 School ofPsychology, Newcastle University,
NewcastleuponTyne, UK
2 Department ofSport andExercise Sciences, Swansea
University, Swansea, UK
3 Welsh Institute ofPerformance Science, Sport Wales
Institute, Cardiff, UK
4 Faculty ofLife Sciences andEducation, University ofSouth
Wales, Pontypridd, UK
5 Sport Wales Institute, Cardiff, UK
6 Swim Wales, Swansea, UK
7 Department ofSport Science andPhysical Education,
University ofAgder, Kristiansand, Norway
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804 M.J.Stone et al.
Table 2 Study characteristics of psychologically related taper research
Study characteristic n%
Publication year
1989–1994 6 13
1995–2000 4 8
2001–2006 4 8
2007–2012 9 19
2013–2018 17 35
2019–present 8 17
Journal
Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 6 13
Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 6 13
International Journal of Sports Medicine 5 10
Journal of Applied Sport Psychology 4 8
Journal of Sports Sciences 4 8
Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports 3 6
Biology of Sport 2 4
International Journal of Sports Science and Coaching 2 4
Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 2 4
Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 1 2
Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology 1 2
European Journal of Sport Science 1 2
International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 1 2
International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 1 2
International Journal of Wrestling Science 1 2
Journal of Human Kinetics 1 2
Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness 1 2
Journal of the American College of Nutrition 1 2
Perceptual and Motor Skills 1 2
Psychology of Sport and Exercise 1 2
Psychoneuroendocrinology 1 2
Sports Medicine—Open 1 2
The Sport Psychologist 1 2
Design
Quantitative 38 79
Qualitative 7 15
Mixed method 3 6
Methodology
Longitudinal experiment with control group 11 23
Longitudinal field study 11 23
Longitudinal experiment without control group 9 19
Not reported/explicit 5 10
Case study 2 4
Longitudinal quasi-experiment 2 4
Survey 2 4
Cross-sectional field study 1 2
Cross-sectional quasi-experiment 1 2
Interpretive constructionist 1 2
Longitudinal field study with experimental (no control group) follow up 1 2
Longitudinal field study with follow up focus groups 1 2
Pragmatism 1 2
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805
Psychology of Taper
Table 2 (continued)
Study characteristic n%
Participant
Athlete 44 92
Coach 3 6
Athlete and coach 1 2
Participant gender
Male 1062 67
Female 496 31
Not reported/explicit 30 2
Participant descriptor
Elite 13 27
University 12 25
Regional 7 15
National 6 13
Professional/competitive 3 6
Trained 3 6
High-level 2 4
International 2 4
Participant sport
Swimming 11 23
Multisport 7 15
Triathlon 6 13
Cycling 5 10
Rugby 3 6
Running 2 4
Australian Rules 1 2
Canoeing 1 2
CrossFit 1 2
Endurance sport 1 2
Mountain biking 1 2
Not reported/explicit 1 2
Rowing 1 2
Soccer 1 2
Strongmen 1 2
Tennis 1 2
Track and field 1 2
Water-polo 1 2
Weightlifting 1 2
Wrestling 1 2
Taper duration (days)
2 1 2
7 10 21
10 2 4
14 8 17
21 6 13
28 4 8
70 1 2
n/a 9 19
Not reported/explicit 5 10
Multiple 2 4
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806 M.J.Stone et al.
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Table 2 (continued)
Study characteristic n%
Psychological measure/data collection method
Mood
Profile of Mood State 18 26
Brunel Mood Scale 2 3
Perceived exertion
Rating of Perceived Exertion 10 14
Action Crisis Scale 1 1
Feeling Scale 1 1
Felt Arousal Scale 1 1
Form Scale 1 1
Short Flow State Scale 1 1
Perceived wellness and fatigue
Fatigue, sleep quality, muscle soreness, stress levels, and mood Perceived wellbeing in the legs 2 3
Training, sleep, leg pain, infection, concentration, efficacy, anxiety, irritability, and general stress 2 3
Mood state, energy levels, stress, fatigue, and muscle soreness 2 3
Pain, recovery, and fatigue 1 1
Sleep quality, readiness to train, general muscular soreness, fatigue, stress, mood, and motivation 1 1
Recovery-stress
Recovery-Stress Questionnaire-Sport (72 item) 1 1
Recovery-Stress Questionnaire-Sport (52 item) 6 9
Short Recovery Stress Questionnaire 1 1
Stress tolerance
Daily Analysis of Life Demands 4 6
Cognitive functioning
STROOP task 1 1
Qualitative
Semi-structured interviews 7 10
Focus groups 1 1
Survey
Open and closed questions asking about tapering practices 2 3
Other
Athlete Burnout Questionnaire 1 1
State-Trait Anxiety Inventory 1 1
Due to rounding some total percentages do not equate to 100%
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