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INFLUENCING FACTORS OF 7PS ON CONSUMER PURCHASE INTENTION OF HALAL TOURISM IN KANO-NIGERIA
Abstract
Halal Tourism is a social, cultural and economic phenomenon which entails the movement of people to countries or places outside their usual environment for personal or business/professional purposes in accordance with Islamic injunctions. Nigeria has over 100 million Muslim population which makes it an ideal marketplace and a place worth trillions of Dollars. As the Halal movement gains tractions, the global industry sets its sights on Nigeria's growing demand for Shariah-compliant goods and services. The purpose of this paper is to examine the application of marketing mix strategy for halal tourism consisting of product, price, promotion, location, personal, process and physical evidence towards consumer purchase intention of halal tourism in Kano-Nigeria. The paper observes that Nigeria as a country has the potentials of making tourism a main source of its earnings being that it has a diverse tourist attractions, a large domestics tourism market and unique cultural settings capable of enticing foreign tourists. The paper recommends among other things the entrenchment of sound halal tourism development master plan capable of rejuvenating the potentials in the economic blueprint of the country and ensuring sustainable halal tourism development participation even in the face of the current global economic melt-dawn due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The paper employs the Desk Study approach as its methodology. The findings from this article will benefit those in the tourism-related industries and policy makers. The specific identification of certain elements: product, price, promotion, location, personal, process and physical evidence towards consumer purchase intention of halal tourism in Kano-Nigeria would help the halal tourism service providers to offer attractive packages that meet the tourist' expectations. This paper has its limitation as it is a conceptual approached, empirical studies is recommended in the future. This paper is significant as it focuses on halal tourism by highlighting certain elements that influences consumer purchase intention towards halal tourism as previous studies were focused on general conventional tourism. Hence, information from this conceptual paper will provide more light on the importance of Muslim consumers' intention towards halal tourism in Kano-Nigeria.
... It included the planning, creation, and execution of processes that guarantee client happiness all the way through the customer journey, as outlined in the marketing mix framework. Finally, Yahya and Ariffin (2021) highlighted that near human resources, a business's ability to maintain a consistent flow of business depended on the dedication of its employees and business owner. Physical Evidence. ...
... The human resource element (People) was examined based on the research of Prasetyawan et al. (2024), Anitha and Hemanathan (2020), and Hasan (2020). Process considerations were informed by Brorewongtrakhul and Kunthotong (2021), Yahya and Ariffin (2021), and Elgarhy and Mohamed (2023). Finally, the concept of physical evidence was established through the works of Rialialie and Heikal (2023), Yusuf et al. (2020), and Wathanakom et al. (2020). ...
... In addition, there is a strong streamlining of efficiency, organization, and customization that tailors to the client's needs and preferences. Furthermore, Yahya and Ariffin (2021) highlighted that near human resources, a business's ability to maintain a consistent flow of business depends on the dedication of its employees and business owner. Table 1 ...
İslam ile bir dereceye kadar ilişkilendirilen yeni bir sosyal
fenomen olarak İslami turizm, 1980’lerin sonlarına kadar uzanmaktadır.
Bu çalışmalar, özellikle dünya nüfusunun neredeyse
dörtte birini oluşturan Müslümanların hatırı sayılır oranda temsil
edildiği koşullarda her zaman pragmatik bir niteliğe sahip olmuştur
ve olacaktır. İslam ve turizmin hayalî kaynaşması, İslam maneviyatının
unsurlarını yeniden üreten dini turizm, manevi turizm, helal
turizm ve hac gibi coğrafi hareketliliğin farklı yönlerine yansımaktadır
(Gabdrakhmanov vd., 2016, s. 45-46).
Günümüzde İslam kavramı, yiyecek ve içecek ürünlerinden
finansa ve yaşam tarzına kadar küresel ekonomide bir trend hâline
gelmiştir. Yeni bir yaşam tarzı akımı olarak birçok ülke helal veya
İslami yönelimli turizm ürünlerini tanıtmaya çaba sarf etmektedirler.
Çoğunluğu Müslüman olmayan Kore, Japonya, Avustralya,
Tayland, Yeni Zelanda ve benzeri ülkeler bile İslami turizm beklentileri
ve ürünlerinin geliştirilmesine yardımcı olmaktadırlar. İslami
turizm terminolojisinin hâlâ net sınırları olmamakla birlikte, helal
turizm, helal dostu turizm destinasyonu, helal seyahat, Müslüman
dostu seyahat destinasyonları, helal yaşam tarzı ve daha fazlası gibi
çeşitli terminolojiler kullanılmaktadır (Abdullah, Awang & Abdullah,
2020, s. 197). Turizmin her çeşidi gibi İslami turizmin de
kendisine özel bir kitlesi bulunmaktadır. Dinî inançları gereği ya
da buna uygun bir şekilde seyahat etme ve konaklama faaliyetlerini
içeren İslami turizm son zamanlarda daha popüler bir konu olarak
görülmeye başlamıştır.
Halal tourism represents a distinct segment of the tourism industry for Muslims where relevant services adhere to the Islamic Shariah teachings. Halal tourism has already received increased attention in both non-Muslim and Muslim regions. The aim of this study is to clarify the ambiguity surrounding the concept of halal tourism. To achieve this aim, the objectives of this study are to standardise some dimensions of halal tourism, such as conceptions and definitions, principles, scope and impacts, trends, and opportunities and challenges. A systematic review of literature was conducted, and in total, 27 articles were taken into consideration, in which the review protocol proposed in this study makes use of specific techniques such as PRISMA, applied thematic analysis and bibliographic documentary review within a large hermeneutic-interpretative framework. The theoretical contribution of this study includes characterising the conception, definition and principle of halal marketing, and the practical contribution includes economic, socio-cultural and environmental impacts.
The institutional theory, especially at an individual level, has not been conducted on halal consumers in South Africa. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the degree to which halal consumers who have higher institutional pressures are more expected to purchase halal food products. This study draws upon institutional theory to present empirical evidence that institutional factors may show a significant effect on halal consumer’s purchase intention and buying behavior toward purchasing halal food products. A sample of 298 halal consumers in South Africa was selected. Data samples were collected via self-administrated questionnaires. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test study hypotheses. The study showed that all institutional factors have a direct effect on halal consumer’s intention and indirect effect on buying behavior. Based on the results, normative pressures had a high significant effect among institutional pressures, followed by other factors such as mimetic and coercive pressures, respectively. This study is first of the uncommon studies examining halal consumers’ purchase intention and buying behavior in a non-Muslim country, employing the institutional theory in the context of halal food consumption.
The agro based products is one of the areas that Malaysian government encourage to stimulate the economy. These products offer unique flavours to the food industry as it capitalizes on local varieties. Though the products are good and have great future, they suffer from lack of strategies to position their product effectively in the market. Hence, this study aims to investigate marketing strategies of local agro based products that influence purchase intention among consumers in Perlis, Malaysia. There were five constructs tested namely price, product, place, promotion and Halal certificate that influence intent to purchase. Data were collected through self-administered survey using mall intercept technique. There were 164 data valid for analysis. The results show that product, place and Halal certificate have a relationship with intent to purchase. However, price and promotion appear to have no effect to the endogenous variable. Discussions, conclusions and recommendations are included in the article.
Recently, Halal
tourism has been emerging as lucrative tourism niche both in Muslim and
non-Muslim Countries’ destinations. For a long time, tourism industry had been exclusive
against Muslims for it was fenced by the so called “Haram” activities. However,
nowadays, this problem is being solved through Halal tourism so that more
Muslims are engaging in tourism without sacrificing their religion. Countries such as Malaysia,
Turkey, Indonesia and Singapore have already entered into Halal tourism. Though
Halal tourism is open for both Muslim and non-Muslim customers, stakeholders
including scholars in the field have developed a misconception that Halal
tourism is only for Muslims. However, in practice, it is compliant with Sharia
but open for all. No
doubting, Ethiopia can be among the top beneficiaries of Halal tourism
developments. Its history as a land of the first Hijra and her geopolitical position
for Islamic world enable her to capture the halal tourists’ demand of the
Islamic world. In this paper,
literatures and previous researches in the area have been analyzed. Both
opportunities and challenges that Ethiopia will be facing in implementing halal
tourism have also been inventoried and analyzed. Accordingly, the applicability
of Halal tourism in Ethiopian context has been well appraised.
The concept of Halal tourism has emerged recently in research. It becomes an important factor in determining the satisfaction of tourists or their loyalty. However, this concept is still not well known; thus, it needs to be developed in certain areas. The research was conducted to see the link between the attributes of Halal tourism (i.e. Islamic facility, Halalness, general Islamic morality, and alcohol drinks- and gambling-free), satisfaction of tourists and word of mouth (WOM). The respondents of the research were 345 derived from 5 municipals in West Sumatera, Indonesia. The research used structural equation model. The result of the research shows that the attributes of Halal tourism have significant impacts on satisfaction of tourists and WOM. There is no significant direct relationship between the attributes of Halal tourism and WOM. However, the satisfaction of tourists is significant as the mediator. Furthermore, some limitations and future research are discussed.
Purpose
This study aims to explore the perceptions of Arabian Muslim consumers about halal food products and to investigate their behaviour towards halal -labelled food products in UK mainstream supermarkets using the theory of planned behaviour (TPB). The role of Islamic religiosity and consumers’ confidence regarding the halal logo as moderating factors is investigated.
Design/methodology/approach
Cross-sectional data were collected through distributed 400 questionnaires in Scotland, mainly to Muslim consumers who come from different Arabian countries and are currently living in Scotland.
Findings
The results show that the TPB is a valid model for predicting Muslim consumers’ intention to purchase halal -labelled food products. The findings reveal that for consumers with high and low Islamic religiosity, subjective norms are the most influential determinants of their intention to purchase halal -labelled food products.
Research limitations/implications
Limitations include the focus on only Arabian Muslim consumers within an ethnic minority population living in Scotland, and the use of convenience and snowball sampling.
Practical implications
The findings could be useful for halal industry food makers to better serve their customers through sophisticated marketing strategies.
Originality/value
This study extends understanding of consumers’ halal -labelled food purchasing behaviour using TPB to determining the rationales for purchasing halal foods from mainstream UK supermarkets. Unlike others studies, this study used Islamic religiosity instead of self-identity (being a Muslim) as a moderating factor.
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between services marketing mix (product, price, place, promotion, people, process and physical evidence) on customer Satisfaction. Additionally, this study also explored the role of subjective norms towards customer satisfaction in Islamic Banks of Palestine. Customer satisfaction is one of the essential factors for the success of a company. In order to achieve the high customer satisfaction, companies must know when and how their customers are satisfied about the products and services. The majority of companies follow a conventional marketing strategy, but some companies choose to follow a religious or spiritual marketing strategy such as the Islamic marketing strategy. Conventional marketing strategies satisfy the customers based on the current needs of the customer, whereas, Islamic marketing strategies satisfy the customers based on the human values, marketing cultures, and Islamic rules and regulations (shariah laws). Structural equation model was used for the testing of hypothesized relationships. Finally, study concluded that marketing mix and subjective norm significantly influence on customer satisfaction in Islamic Banking context.
Information and communication technology (ICT) developments and trends in recent years have
had great impacts on banking sector worldwide. Therefore, the disruptive innovative technology
has accelerated changes in the way of banking business. The purpose of this paper is to explore the
factors that influence on Pakistani customer’s intentions to adopt internet banking. The sample
used in this empirical study includes 265 responses of internet banking users collected through
structured questionnaire. For statistical analysis, structural equation model (SEM) approach was
used. The present study suggests that internet banking use increases as long as customer perceives
it as useful tool. Findings confirmed that perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and attitude
were the key constructs for promoting internet banking usage in Pakistan. Furthermore, the im-
portance performance matrix analysis has shown that attitude was the most important factor. Thus,
banks can focus on cultivation of positive attitudinal beliefs about internet banking among prospect
customer.
The rapid growth in internet technology and electronic business has stimulated the banking sectors to encourage customers towards online banking (internet banking). Only in Pakistan there are 1.8 million internet banking users and millions more are expected to come online. Looking at the growth in banking technology this study explores the effect of e-service quality dimensions include: website design, Assurance, Customer Service on intention to adopt internet banking and customer loyalty. Next to this bank image is also incorporated to explore the customer loyalty. The data for this JIBC May 2017, Vol. 22, No.S8-2-study is based on 500 internet banking users from commercial banks of Lahore, Pakistan. Researcher used the structural equation modeling to evaluate the hypothesized relationships. The results of this study revealed that the adoption of internet banking in Pakistan may be motivated by a set of specific factors (i.e., Website Design, Assurance, Customer service and Bank image). Further, these results are expected to help policy makers to understand critical factors that influence on internet banking usage. Finally limitation and future directions have been discussed.
The purpose of this paper is to provide new theoretical perspective on marketing for sustainability, particularly for dealing with the environmental threat of climate change. We reconceptualise how marketing is operationalised through the conceptualisation of the marketing mix in order to permit the normalisation of sustainability considerations in business operations and consumption. To the traditional four Ps (product, price, promotion and place) we add but recalibrate for the specific purpose of sustainability participants, processes, and physical evidence, and introduce: promise, principles, and partnership, arguing that each of these may be considered a controllable marketing variable that will contribute to the creation/co-creation of individual and social value. This framework is developed and justified in order to make a novel contribution to marketing theory and practice. Limitations and future research directions conclude the discussion.
Consumer Buying Behaviour refers to the buying behaviour of the ultimate consumer. Many factors, specificities and characteristics influence the individual in what he is and the consumer in his decision making process, shopping habits, purchasing behavior, the brands he buys or the retailers he goes. A purchase decision is the result of each and every one of these factors. An individual and a consumer is led by his culture, his subculture, his social class, his membership groups, his family, his personality, his psychological factors, etc.. and is influenced by cultural trends as well as his social and societal environment. By identifying and understanding the factors that influence their customers, brands have the opportunity to develop a strategy, a marketing message (Unique Value Proposition) and advertising campaigns more efficient and more in line with the needs and ways of thinking of their target consumers, a real asset to better meet the needs of its customers and increase sales. Introduction Consumer buying behavior refers to the selection, purchase and consumption of goods and services for the satisfaction of their wants. There are different processes involved in the consumer behavior. Many factors, specificities and characteristics influence the individual in what he is and the consumer in his decision making process, shopping habits, purchasing behavior, the brands he buys or the retailers he goes. A purchase decision is the result of each and every one of these factors. Initially the consumer tries to find what commodities he would like to consume, then he selects only those commodities that promise greater utility. After selecting the commodities, the consumer makes an estimate of the available money which he can spend. Lastly, the consumer analyzes the prevailing prices of commodities and takes the decision about the commodities he should consume. Meanwhile, there are various other factors influencing the purchases of consumer such as social, cultural, economic, personal and psychological.
Purpose: This paper presents an autobiographical sketch of Philip Kotler. Design/methodology/approach: I use an autobiographical narrative. Findings: This sketch focuses on my contributions to the marketing discipline in teaching and, especially, in book publishing while including some of the many scholars who have collaborated with me. Originality/value: This paper is a condensed sketch based on the full-length autobiography titled My Adventures in Marketing forthcoming on Kindle.
After January 25th 2011 Egypt witnessed political, economic and social instability leading to drastic consequences in the hospitality and tourism industry. Thus unstable situation reflected on the deteriorated occupancy percentages that led to declined profit margins, higher employee layoffs and degraded quality of product and services. The objectives of this research is to examine how the Egyptian hospitality properties manage this dilemma through their marketing practices, and to propose a new marketing mix model that adds new layers of depth to the traditional marketing mix model. A methodological framework was designed to help in the assessment process of management practices pertaining to marketing initiatives during times of crisis. Results indicated the presence of tactical elements that assembled the traditional marketing mix model in the investigated hotels. However, these elements are not effectively used and the interaction between them not appears very clear. Results also indicated that the new proposed model would help in providing a framework for the Egyptian hospitality industry to maintain their competitive position during crisis time and avoiding undesired situations for labour force and decline of companies' revenues. & 2017 Faculty of Commerce and Business Administration, Future University. Production and Hosting by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). JEL classification: M31; M100; J5; H19
This study confirms that halal tourism is a tourism industry which has contributed to economic growth in Indonesia, although the world economy slows down. In Indonesia, halal tourism has long been grown in the form of a pilgrimage undertaken by people with religious motivation. Along with the development of the global Islamic economy, then this type of tourism is undergoing a metamorphosis that requires a change in modern ranging from attractions, hotels, up to marketing. With the phenomenological approach, this study concludes that halal tourism has become part of the national tourism industry to position Indonesia as a center for halal tourism in the world in the future.
The global halal market has emerged as a new growth sector in the global economy and is creating a strong presence in developed countries. The most promising halal markets are the fast-growing economies of the Asia, Middle East, Europe and the Americas. With a growing consumer base, and increasing growth in many parts of the world, the industry is set to become a competitive force in world international trade. The halal industry has now expanded well beyond the food sector further widening the economic potentials for halal. This paper will help to deepen understanding of the concept of Halal so as to familiarize non-Muslims about Halal principles and products.
Tourism recognizes the growing interest in Halal tourism from both the perspectives of industry and research. Halal tourism can be summarized by any object or action which is permissible to use or engage in tourism industry, according to Islamic teachings. Therefore, the success of developing and marketing Halal tourism destination must be guided by the adoption of Islamic teachings and principles in all aspects of tourism activities. This paper explores the concept of Halal tourism along with the components which constitute the industry. It provides worldwide examples of some of the current best practises. The opportunities and challenges in developing and marketing Halal tourism are also discussed.
The study of religion has attracted interest and considerable attention from researchers and practitioners as a result of wanting to know more about religions (such as Islam) and religiosity. However, regardless of the importance of religious studies, religious tourism is still very much under-represented in the literature. In fact, it is distressing to find that little is known about religious tourism in many developed and developing economies. Meanwhile, Islamic tourism (or Halal tourism) is deeply rooted within the Islamic Shari'ah as every Muslim is required to travel for many reasons, some directly related to Islamic Shari'ah itself (e.g. Hajj and Umrah) while many travel for education, medical treatment, and knowledge acquisition, etc. This paper examines the concept of Halal tourism (as a subcategory of religious tourism), its roots, principles and most importantly answers the questions: is Halal tourism really Halal? Is Halal tourism only for Muslim families who abide by Islamic Shari'ah rules? Should it be Halal tourism or Islamic tourism? Is Halal tourism only about Islamic countries or it is also important for other countries? What are the impacts of non-compliance to Halal principles on hotels (and other tourism organisations) performance?
This research involved [i] discovering the differences of purchasing behavior of consumers at traditional markets in Bangkok by gender, age, marital status, educational level, occupation and monthly income; [ii] investigating a correlation between marketing mix determinants and consumers’ purchasing behavior; [iii] investigating a correlation between product mix determinants and consumers’ purchasing behavior; and [iv] examining a correlation between consumers’ purchasing behavior and their likelihood of future purchasing. The goal was to identify the marketing mix of Bangkok traditional markets that determined the purchasing behavior of consumers. A total of 400 samples were selected from the population of consumers who visited and shopped at traditional markets, in Bangkok. The findings provided more understanding of viewpoints towards the community marketing mix determinants on consumers’ purchasing behavior. The findings revealed a significant correlation between the consumers’ attitudes towards the marketing mix determinants of price, sellers and place and buying behavior in terms of the buying frequency. Moreover, a higher purchasing frequency level also determined the likelihood of revisiting to shop at traditional markets, positive recommendations and more frequent shopping in case of receiving a higher income.
The objectives of the paper are to first develop a measurement scale for Islamic attributes of destination and then to investigate the influence of Islamic attributes on overall tourist satisfaction. This study followed the sequence of steps that should be performed in developing measures of constructs. The measurement was tested and found to be both reliable and valid. The study found positive relationship between Islamic attributes of destination and overall tourist satisfaction. Important marketing implications are also presented. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The success of marketing destinations for Muslim tourists could be guided by observing Islamic teachings in tourism activities. This study is a trial to explore which Islamic attributes of destinations could be used a base for tailoring Halal tourist packages. Qualitative data were collected by conducting two focus group discussions and fifty three interviews in Malaysia. Two major aspects are identified which may attract Muslim tourists. Some suggestions are also presented to satisfy Muslim tourists. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Databases are a significant source of information in organizations and play a major role in managerial decision-making.This study considers how to process commercial data on customer purchasing timing to provide insights on the rate of new product adoption by the company's consumers. Specifically, we show how to use the separation-deviation model (SD-model) to rate customers according to their proclivity for adopting products for a given line of high-tech products. We provide a novel interpretation of the SD-model as a unidimensional scaling technique and show that, in this context, it outperforms several dimension-reduction and scaling techniques. We analyze the results with respect to various dimensions of the customer base and report on the generated insights.
Perceived value is a subjective and dynamic construct that varies among different customers and cultures. Although perceived customer value has been studied by many researchers, no research has been done into the measurement of Muslim Tourist Perceived Value (MTPV) where Muslim tourist evaluates both traditional and religious aspects of value. By means of a multidimensional procedure, the authors developed a scale of measurement of MTPV through 24 items grouped into six dimensions: quality, price, emotional, social, Islamic physical attributes, and Islamic nonphysical attributes. The importance of the proposed constructs was theoretically justified. Using a sample of 537 Muslim tourists, the constructs were tested and validated. The results supply tourism companies with a number of operative factors that may be essential if they are to remain competitive in the dynamic marketplace. This study is probably the first to provide an integrative perspective of MTPV constructs in the hospitality and tourism industry.
This study examines the international marketing mix done by the McDonald’s in two different important markets. The objective is to analyze and understand the similarities and differences of the international marketing mix strategy implementation by the company. Using comparative analysis, this study focused on 4P approach of marketing mix which is based on product, price, promotion and place analysis. McDonald’s marketing strategy in China and India were used for this study. The study found that the McDonald’s has adopted different kind of its 4P in their international marketing mix based on both, localization and globalization approaches.
The research aimed at finding out the relationship between Halal tourism, religiosity, customer engagement, and tourist’s satisfaction. The population of the study were Muslim tourists who visited West Sumatra, Indonesia. The data were 450 respondents, but only 393 were useable responses. It is found that Halal tourism and customer engagement have significant impacts on the tourist’s satisfaction. Religiosity is a significant moderating variable on this relationship. Thus, this study gives some contribution to tourism sector especially on Halal tourism, religiosity, and customer satisfaction.
This chapter tries to contribute to the conceptualization of Halal tourism. For its reinforcement, a synthesis of the state of the art of the scientific research on this topic is included, mostly based on the papers contained in Web of Science and Scopus databases. In addition, in order to feed the conclusions, a consultation to international tourism experts was implemented to extract a better understanding of this phenomenon and a number of practical implications for the promotion and development of this market segment. Finally, the situation of Halal tourism in Spain is also presented, its importance and offer, a still very little explored niche within a very major tourism destination, and a country with a long history and an amazing heritage linked to Islamic culture.
Purpose
This study aims to align the theoretical foundations of Halal tourism to conventional tourism paradigms. It investigates Muslim tourist perception of value in the context of tourist destinations in Malaysia.
Design/methodology/approach
The PLS-SEM uses SMART-PLS for 170 Muslim tourists and employs a positive research approach with a quantitative basis of enquiry. Six variables of Muslim tourist perceived value (i.e. MTPV) such as price, social, emotion, quality, Halal physical and nonphysical attributes are examined. In addition, this study also examines the mediating effect of destination experience on Malaysia’s environment (i.e. infrastructure, atmosphere and culture) and the relationship between MTPV and tourist satisfaction.
Findings
Overall, the results indicate that price and social variables had no impact on tourist satisfaction, whereas other variables such as quality, emotion, Halal physical and nonphysical attributes had direct impact on tourist satisfaction especially with the mediating effect of destination experience.
Practical implications
The effects of cognitive, affective and Islamic (i.e. Halal) values on tourist satisfaction were examined and also the importance of destination experience on tourist satisfaction.
Originality/value
This study also found that and destination experience influenced tourist satisfaction significantly.
Battery electric vehicles (BEVs) can contribute to the realization of more sustainable mobility systems. The actual adoption rate however of BEVs in Germany remains low, and strategies for enhancing BEV acceptance are required. Providing direct experience can, for instance, help to overcome prejudices relating to relatively new products, with this being a potential marketing strategy. The present research contributes to the question of what role direct experience plays in acceptance of BEVs. Two studies were conducted to address the relationship between these variables: (1) an online survey (N=286) and (2) a 24-h field test (N=30). Both studies showed several experience-based differences in evaluations of BEV attributes, attitude and purchase intention, with most BEV attributes being evaluated more positively when people had BEV experience. Path analyses revealed a direct experience effect on purchase intention in the online study. Findings from the 24-h field test, showed effects of BEV experience on BEV attributes and attitudes, but no BEV experience effect for purchase intention was found. Based on the results of both studies, we can conclude that practical (and also short-term) experience with BEVs has the potential to change the evaluation of BEVs and psychological factors relevant for determining behavioral intention. As many effects were positive, providing short-term BEV experience to enhance acceptance has the potential to change BEV evaluation as well as the satisfaction with such a vehicle and might be a promising strategy for promoting BEVs.
Several factors have been underlined to explain store brands' (SBs) purchase behavior. This research investigates jointly the effect of store image perceptions, SB price-image and perceived risk toward SBs on SB purchase intention in the context of an emerging market (Brazil). Data were collected from a consumer survey with 379 respondents randomly selected. Structural equation modeling was used to test the hypothesized relationships. Our results show that store image perceptions and SB price-image influence significantly SB purchase intention directly or indirectly via the effect of perceived risk toward SBs. These findings are discussed and their theoretical and managerial implications are provided.
Expression of concern: Concern has been expressed about the literature review within this article, and it is currently under review according to Committee on Publication Ethics guidelines. Any queries should be directed to the Publisher, Dr Martyn Lawrence.
The authors deeply thank European Business Review Editor Göran Svensson and the anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments in the development of this work. All errors remain those of the authors. Both authors contributed equally to this work.
Now nearing its 60th printing in English and translated into nineteen languages, Michael E. Porter's Competitive Strategy has transformed the theory, practice, and teaching of business strategy throughout the world. Electrifying in its simplicity -- like all great breakthroughs -- Porter's analysis of industries captures the complexity of industry competition in five underlying forces. Porter introduces one of the most powerful competitive tools yet developed: his three generic strategies -- lowest cost, differentiation, and focus -- which bring structure to the task of strategic positioning. He shows how competitive advantage can be defined in terms of relative cost and relative prices, thus linking it directly to profitability, and presents a whole new perspective on how profit is created and divided. In the almost two decades since publication, Porter's framework for predicting competitor behavior has transformed the way in which companies look at their rivals and has given rise to the new discipline of competitor assessment.
More than a million managers in both large and small companies, investment analysts, consultants, students, and scholars throughout the world have internalized Porter's ideas and applied them to assess industries, understand competitors,, and choose competitive positions. The ideas in the book address the underlying fundamentals of competition in a way that is independent of the specifics of the ways companies go about competing.
Competitive Strategy has filled a void in management thinking. It provides an enduring foundation and grounding point on which all subsequent work can be built. By bringing a disciplined structure to the question of how firms achieve superior profitability, Porter's rich frameworks and deep insights comprise a sophisticated view of competition unsurpassed in the last quarter-century.
Book Description
Publication Date: June 1, 1998 | ISBN-10: 0684841487 | ISBN-13: 978-0684841489 | Edition: 1
Clique Aqui
This paper describes the pattern of tourist arrival in Muslim countries and examines the extent to which the religious factor has bearing on policy and development strategy affecting tourism. Drawing illustration from Malaysia where Islam is the state religion, this study suggests that, although the doctrine of Islam encourages travel and hospitable behavior, it has little influence on the mode of tourism development in Muslim countries. While certain regulations prohibit prostitution, gambling, and the consumption of alcoholic beverages in most Muslim countries, religion does not exert any significant influence on the operation of tourist-related activities. Indeed, virtually all ideas and policy precepts which inform tourism planning and management are western-inspired.Résumél'Islam et le tourisme: tendances, problèmes et options. Cet article décrit les caractéristiques des arrivées touristiques aux pays musulmans et examine le degré d'influence du facteur religieux sur les stratégies de politique et de développement qui impactent sur le tourisme. Tirant des exemples de la Malaisie, où l'Islam est la religion d'Etat, la présente étude suggère que, bien que la doctrine de l'Islam encourage les voyages et le comportement accueillant, elle a peu d'influence sur le mode du développement du tourisme dans les pays musulmans. Bien qu'il y ait dans la plupart des pays musulmans certains règlements qui prohibent la prostitution, les jeux d'argent et la consommation des boissons alcoolisées, la religion n'exerce pas une influence significative sur la question des activités ayant un rapport au tourisme. Effectivement, presque toutes les idées et tous les précepts de politique qui influencent la planification et la gestion du tourisme s'inspirent de l'Occident.
Masters essay. Columbia University. Sociology. Microfilm : Collation of the original: 199 leaves. Thesis (M.A.)--Columbia University. Bibliography: leaves 169-170.
Halal tourism: Conceptual and practical challenges
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