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DOI: 10.4018/IJDST.317938
Volume 14 • Issue 2
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*Corresponding Author
1
Chengming Jin, Liaoning Power Development Group Co., Ltd., China*
Donghui Tong, Liaoning Power Development Group Co., Ltd., China
The traditional on-site operation of power stations includes inspection and maintenance. However,
it heavily relies on experience for maintenance. Most on-site operation and maintenance data are
text records. On the one hand, the data processing is tedious for experience to affect the safe on-site
operation. On the other hand, we usually cannot give full consideration to the value of maintenance
experience, so that the corresponding efficiency is very low. Therefore, this paper proposes a wearable
device based remote and intelligent patrol inspection system that uses the cloud video transmission
mode of both public and private clouds to realize the video connection between the power stations and
the remote diagnosis center and uses the wearable devices for real experience. In this way, the authors
can simulate real operation guidance and safety supervision, etc. so as to realize the remote management
patrol operations, improve the fault detection efficiency, and improve equipment reliability.
Intelligent, On-Site, Patrol Inspection, Wearable Device
During the on-site operation, the production personnel can realize the ledger, fixed value and drawing
inspection through the intelligent glasses voice control, liberate their hands and improve the work
quality and efficiency. The technicians of the remote diagnosis center can mark the video content
on the PC side, which is convenient for the on-site personnel to understand (Nwaogu et al. 2021). In
addition, the on-site homework can be recorded through smart glasses, which can be used for retrospective
and training. It can better adapt to the development needs of industrial field operation to standardization,
intelligence and safety, and better meet the remote technical support to overseas power stations (Bergman et
al. 2005). It has great technical superiority and broad application space, which represents the development
direction of intelligent wearable + cloud video technology in industrial application (Ahmad et al. 2012).
Power stations have the natural properties of intensive equipment and high degree of automation.
The inspection of power station operation requires a lot of data monitoring of the field equipment to
ensure that the equipment is in good condition (Brayne et al. 2017). When the equipment is overhauled,
the operator needs to operate the equipment, put the equipment into the state of maintenance, and
the maintenance personnel carry out maintenance according to the data such as drawing paper and
maintenance process. At the same time, the on-site operation has the characteristics of complex working
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environment, many working sites and wide areas, frequent high-risk operations, such as high-altitude
operation, live working, cross-working and so on (Carlucci et al. 2015). There are many unsafe factors of
man-made unsafe behavior and environment in the process of production operation (Zhang et al. 2020).
According to the characteristics of the field operation of the power station, the intelligent wearable
equipment can solve the above problems through the functions of calculation, monitoring, video
communication and so on (Feng et al. 2021). Because there are many functions to be integrated, it
tends to use large helmet-type or helmet-based smart glasses in power generation enterprises to meet
the needs of daily on-site operations. At the same time, according to the business requirements of
remote technical support, a remote technical support service system is built (Luo et al. 2021). Based
on the same platform, realize the functions of remote technical support, operation and maintenance
guidance, video communication and so on. In network applications, it should be divided into data
transmission construction mode through public cloud and hybrid cloud according to demand, that
is, audio and video communication uses public cloud, and file transfer uses hybrid cloud for data
transmission (Talaat et al. 2020).
Through this study, a set of intelligent inspection systems (for example, the drone inspection
system, where drones are equipped with AI models (Zhu et al. 2021a; Zhu et al. 2022) and intelligent
image recognition models (Gao et al. 2022)) based on MR technology (including intelligent inspection
terminal and intelligent safety operation production management platform) is built to realize the
full-line implementation of safety supervision, the standardization, digitization and networking of
the on-site construction process. In particular, these systems greatly reduce the attendance cost and
invalid working hours of experts and safety management personnel, and at the same time relatively
improves the work efficiency of workers. At the same time, the networking and digital implementation
of full-flow operations also contribute to the deep docking of the group’s parent system, provide
the data cornerstone for the next construction of ubiquitous power Internet of things, and realize
the concept of deep service integration at the arrival of the 5G era. to build an integrated intelligent
operation and maintenance of the national power grid system. In order to realize the construction of
intelligent inspection system and solve the existing problems of field equipment inspection in power
system, the main objectives of this study are as follows:
• Intelligent inspection terminal based on MR (mixed reality) and small proprietary wireless network are
adopted to realize real-time communication and data exchange between foreground and background,
and to improve the control depth of foreground work and on-site work in the background.
• Through the introduction of all kinds of sensors and new IoT (Internet of things) equipment, it can
improve the real-time data collection and storage ability of business process, and provide quantitative
basis for business process optimization and management improvement through data archiving and mining.
• Through the introduction of three-dimensional interactive equipment, we can improve the
practicality and depth of training. Via the digital modeling of the actual working environment
or scene, we can realize the dynamic interaction between the real scene and the digital model,
and improve the friendliness and effect of the training, as well as promote the rapid cultivation
of personnel’s professional quality.
Through the construction and application of the intelligent safety operation production management
platform, we can further improve the overall work efficiency of inspection and maintenance, simplify
the management process, and open up the data flow of different links such as operation site, logistics,
transportation management and so on. achieve the dynamic and fine management of the whole process
of the operation, so as to better achieve the ultimate goal of reducing cost and increasing efficiency,
and ensuring the stable operation of the equipment.
The rest of this work are summarized as follows. Section 2 summarizes the related work. Section
3 introduces the designed patrol system. Section 4 evaluates the proposed system comprehensively.
Section 5 concludes this work.
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The safe and stable operation of the power system is the most important task, and in order to ensure
the safe and stable operation of the system, we must first ensure the state of the equipment. A large
number of failures and problems will occur in the daily operation of electric power and communication
equipment, and the maintenance and maintenance of these equipment is the focus of the operation
and guarantee work (Zhao et al. 2020). The traditional maintenance method is usually in the form
of manual maintenance tickets, which has the advantages of low inspection efficiency and high
safety risk. In order to solve the above problems, it is particularly prominent and important to study
the intelligent inspection and maintenance system which has certain commonness and detects the
operation of the equipment in the power industry. At present, many domestic power units have put
forward solutions to the above problems, especially in colleges and universities, which have made
achievements in related technologies (Tao et al. 2010; Zhu et al. 2021b).
The Southern Power Grid Peak Regulation and Frequency Modulation Power Generation
Company published “Application of Intelligent Patrol system (Huang et al. 2017) in Secondary
Hydropower Station” and proposed an intelligent patrol system based on handheld terminal. The
purpose of this system is to combine radio frequency identification technology (RFID) (Li et al. 2018)
with IPAD to standardize the inspection line and cycle of power plant, standardize the inspection
task and intelligentize the analysis of patrol data, and provide support and guarantee for the reliable
operation of power equipment (Zhang et al. 2022). The Automation Department of Tsinghua University
extends the application research of MR to the maintenance process of nuclear power equipment, and
uses mixed reality technology to build a set of nuclear power plant equipment maintenance auxiliary
system, including interface, simulation, comprehensive analysis, guidance and supervision (Szakas
et al. 2008). The system can guide the maintenance personnel to go to the correct position and carry
out scientific and reasonable maintenance operation, and at the same time monitor in real time, once
the maintenance personnel have the wrong operation to issue a warning and guide them to correct
the error, so as to fundamentally improve the maintenance efficiency (Hui et al. 2012).
The Security Engineering Department of Sichuan normal University puts forward the design of
intelligent substation maintenance safety measures assistant decision-making system, which completes
the collection of digital information in the substation based on the IEC61850 rules (Deng et al.
2019) followed by the intelligent substation, focuses on the realization of the automatic generation
technology of intelligent substation maintenance measures, constructs the online auxiliary platform
monitoring data and updates the maintenance status in real time. Display maintenance safety measures
in the way of graphics combined with text, and provide correct safety information for maintenance
operators, so as to ensure the correctness, reliability, safety and timeliness of maintenance operations
(Zhang et al. 2019). The China Electric Power Research Institute has customized a set of wearable
device solutions for typical power operation scenarios, including smart safety caps, smartwatches and
supporting monitoring systems (Zhang et al. 2018). The research results improve the work efficiency
of workers, assist in solving operators’ personal safety monitoring questions, and fully illustrate the
advantages of wearable results in electric power inspection operations (Yi et al. 2022). North China
Electric Power University even put forward the optimization research of intelligent operation and
inspection of substation based on patrol robot, using patrol robot to completely replace the patrol
work of human workers (Han et al. 2018).
The ThyssenKrupp of Germany developed its own intelligent inspection platform combined
with the latest MR technology (Zacharie et al. 2009). Maintenance inspection workers wearing
customized intelligent terminals can access the task target on the spot and view the three-dimensional
disassembly diagram of the target workpiece at any time. Through real-time initiating to share pictures
with background experts for barrier-free communication, problems can be solved quickly and neatly.
According to statistical estimates, the application of this system has improved the operation and
maintenance business efficiency of Tyson Knoop by more than 60% (Zhao et al. 2011).
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The intelligent inspection terminal based on MR (mixed reality) (Zhou et al. 2017) is considered in
this project, which is based on virtual visualization technology. Virtual visualization technology is the
use of computer graphics and image processing technology, the virtual ring. The theory, method and
technology of the integration of environment and real environment, and then interactive processing
(Ma et al. 2022). There are three main technologies: VR (virtual reality), AR (augmented reality)
and MR (mixed reality technology) (Sale et al. 2012), which can be used in the field of power system
inspection. As a collection of virtual visualization technology and holographic technology, the
development of MR technology has made a breakthrough in the past two years. Because of the rapid
modeling, positioning, gesture speech recognition and interaction of indoor space scanning, as well
as the function of cooperation and sharing of multiple devices, VR and AR have more advantages
as daily tools to be used by employees in the whole process of construction to solve all kinds of
business problems. Combined with the actual business needs, this study selected Hololens as the
intelligent inspection terminal equipment, and we develop and build intelligent building system based
on Hololens and its service platform.
In addition, the computer room intelligent inspection platform based on wearable technology is a set
of hardware and software products tailor-made for the inspection business of machine room in electric
power enterprises. The department integrates many advanced technologies, such as identity identification
(Miscenko et al. 2016), wireless communication GPRS (Vejlggard et al. 2017), wearable glasses (Hong
et al. 2016) and so on. Based on the concept of “mobile information platform”, it changes the traditional
working mode of computer room inspection, and actively explores a new way and new mode of computer
room inspection management, which can minimize missed detection and wrong detection. Avoiding the
situation that the quality of inspection is not high and the means are backward, and organically combine
the information such as the operating status, operating parameters, maintenance and management of the
equipment in the computer room, so as to prevent the equipment from over-maintenance (Ruigendijk
et al. 2014) and under-maintenance, and reduce the occurrence rate of obstacles, to finally achieve the
goal of safe, economic, scientific and effective equipment management.
The system can realize the infrastructure of front-end and back-end communication with the help of
cloud computing. Like application services, this technology is designed to support scalable, reliable,
and low-cost applications. Application services are hosted on a virtual machine (VM). You can access
them remotely by installing your own software on VM that uses cloud services. In the future, you can
also choose to deploy the server locally offline to ensure security and stability.
On the basic software platform, the social communication function module is integrated to
realize the real-time video / audio function of the front and rear end, as well as the audio and video
online recording and uploading function. As a result, the front-end and back-end real-time video call
connection can be realized, at the same time, audio and video can be recorded, the security check
of the scene can be realized in the background, and the front can ask the rear experts for help when
necessary. For the 3D object in the project, the 3D model can be moved, rotated, scaled and so on in
the terminal. Most engineering projects will create Revit models in advance, which can be imported
into Unity and compiled into terminal equipment to realize the viewing of 3D models. Then the model
can be located by the way of image recognition, the relative position of the model and the image can
be identified and adjusted, the model can be located by the positioning function of the terminal itself
and fine-tuning, and the direction of the model can be determined by turning the head. the position
of the model is controlled by the eye point. It can also connect multiple MR devices under the wide
area network to operate and view the model in a cooperative state. By setting the server to transmit
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the anchor points scanned by one MR device to the other, the two sets with the same anchor points
can realize multi-machine interconnection, and multiple people roam and operate in a large space.
The marking operation in the background can be deployed through cloud services, so as to achieve
multi-computer interconnection not only between the front end, but also between the front end and
the background. This ability of multi-computer interconnection allows the front and rear personnel to
monitor the same content at the same time, especially the three-dimensional model of the maintenance
object and its related static and dynamic data records, which can greatly facilitate the operation of
the field personnel and liberate their hands. Improve the efficiency of front and rear communication.
The design structure of the wearable glasses developed in this project is to make use of the optical
reflection projection principle (Zhang et al. 2021), that is, the miniature projector first projects light on
a reflective screen, and then refracts it to the human eye through a convex lens to achieve the so-called
“primary magnification”. Form a large enough virtual screen in front of people to display simple text
messages and all kinds of data. The application software part is based on the Android (Gilski et al.
2015) operation system of wearable smart glasses to develop the related business of computer room
inspection management to realize the combination of software and hardware. Generally speaking,
the wearable glasses used in this item are the combination of micro projector, camera, sensor, storage
transmission and control device. The small lens of the right eye includes a miniature projector and a
camera, the projector is used to display data, the camera is used to capture video and images, and the
storage and transmission module is used to store and output data. the control device can be controlled
by voice, touch and automatic modes.
The wearable smart glasses used in this item show that the glasses are mainly composed of
frames, cameras, prisms, CPU, batteries, etc. When the glasses are working, they are first captured
and changed by the camera, and then through a miniature projector and a semi-transparent prism.
The image is projected onto the human retina.
The intelligent inspection system includes the intelligent inspection terminal based on MR (mixed
reality) and the intelligent safety production management platform. System preset equipment and
site 3D model, patrol task information and patrol operation. The manual will facilitate the on-site
operation of the inspector at the terminal. At the same time, the system obtains the field operation
image, influence and equipment data through the intelligent inspection terminal to record the whole
operation process. The field personnel can connect the background technical force in real time through
the system to assist the decision-making of unexpected situations and difficult points on the spot.
At the same time, the intelligent safe operation production management platform provides real-time
monitoring and guidance platform for managers and technical experts, and can update the field
equipment and site model through the background management platform, and carry on the online
digital management to the operation data.
As shown in figure 1, this project establishes a unified computer room inspection and management
platform (top right side) based on wearable intellectual glasses (top left side), which includes the
foreground intelligent eye mirror system and the rear management machine subsystem. The foreground
intelligent glasses system realizes task download query, inspection standard query, equipment
identification and location, scene shooting and remote live broadcast, and upload inspection records.
The subsystem of the back-stage management machine realizes the management of equipment files
in the computer room, the establishment of inspection standard system, the generation of inspection
tasks, the management of inspection records, the management of situation and the statistical analysis
of inspection. The platform architecture is shown in the following figure.
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The intelligent inspection platform based on wearable technology proposed in this paper has
achieved good application results. It brings convenience to the modern computer room inspection
and management business with the benefits of paperless, efficient, accurate, transparent information,
simple management and intelligent analysis. The first view shot by the inspector in the control room
can truly restore the scene picture of the inspection. In particular, the front camera with 8 million
pixels can focus accurately and quickly; and the depth optimizes the quality and size of the photos.
The patrol inspection photos captured by these cameras are shown in figure 2 as follows:
Figure 1. Platform structure
Figure 2. Patrolling photos with the first view camera
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Specifically, we need to notice that: (1) When the inspection personnel in the computer room need
to share the data such as painting, sound and location with the back-end management system through
WIFI or 5G network, the traditional users use mobile phones, iPAD, peeping cameras, etc., but when
the user’s hands are occupied. Wearable smart glasses can still output the field data to the server at
the first corner of view. (2) About the on-site safety operation instruction, after wearing the patrol
inspection and setting up the standby landing system, the on-site operators can obtain the detailed
operation flow of the equipment, and the system will automatically distribute the task information of
the current operation, provide the three-dimensional model of the equipment and related information,
and assist the on-site personnel in safe operation. (3) At the same time, through the image, image
recording and real-time return of the on-the-spot operation flow and the real-time examination and
approval of the safety control points, we can fully supervise and control the operation flow to avoid
the safety risk operation of the operators.
Apart from this, the proposed system also supports the security surveillance. Through the
intelligent safe operation production management platform, the background managers can view the
task distribution on the GIS map, carry out real-time GPS positioning of the operators, and assist the
operators in attendance. By establishing a video connection with the intelligent inspection terminal,
the background management personnel can remotely examine and approve the security control points
to ensure that the safe operation flow can be carried out in an orderly manner; at the same time,
managers can establish a real-time video connection with the operation site to conduct security spot
checks, detect site violations in a timely manner, and provide guidance and corrective suggestions
for on-site safety operations. The system assists the safety management and control of the operation
site, in view of the power equipment to avoid the emergence of dangerous behaviors such as self-test
and self-inspection, to achieve full coverage of field quality and safety acceptance, and reduce the
possibility of safety risk accidents.
Moreover, the inspector in the computer room can scan the code through wearable smart glasses
to obtain relevant information, and can also identify images such as pictures. AR wearable glasses
can quickly and correctly identify scenes and superimpose virtual objects, scenes, videos, or prompts
into the real scene, for example, we capture the view from wearable glasses and show them in figure
3. Apparently, we can see that the wearable glass provided pictures can also show the details of the
environment. Particularly, there are also some noticed information with the help of MR. Hence, we
can get more information with this kind of technology.
Figure 3. Remote patrolling view with wearable devices
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Now, comparing the views from the cameras and the view from the wearable devices, we can
summarize the analysis results in Table 1, where we can see that the view from real cameras can
reflect the real world accurately and correctly. For example, the recognition rate can reach 100%, while
the view from the wearable devices reaches 98%, which is approaching to the target. For the other
metrics, the wearable devices can also achieve similar results, for example, the captured light is good.
The only limitation is that the pixel of the wearable devices is lower than that from the real cameras,
in about half the percentage. Moreover, we can see more results bout the expert remote diagnosis.
It provides a set of efficient and accurate solutions to the complex situations such as emergencies,
difficult faults and so on. The on-site operator sends a video request to the technical expert through
the intelligent device and gives real-time feedback on the scene. Technical experts can obtain on-
site data and equipment information through the intelligent safe operation production management
platform, such as three-dimensional decomposition model, basic properties of equipment, inspection
records, maintenance records, etc., to assist experts and operators to study and judge the problems.
At the same time, the specialist can mark the video picture and guide the operators accurately. In
addition to realizing the digital preservation of job tasks and operation results, the information of job
objects (load switches, etc.) can also be completely digitized. Such as three-dimensional models of
switches, models of different levels. The proposed system can also deal with different scenarios, the
basic three-dimensional model can be used to identify the fault point of maintenance, and the more
responsible model with operation time flow can be used in training and other occasions, realizing
the comprehensive application of full-professional and full-process data.
Combined with the mix reality code scanning technology of intellectual glasses, this item realizes
the integrated intelligent inspection and supervision of the equipment in the computer room of the
power industry, connects with the back-end equipment supervision system information, and scans the
QR code through the front-end intellectual glasses. Back desk automatic push equipment historical
attributes and status information to assist workers to maintain equipment. And through the technology,
in the equipment maintenance, can intelligently push the maintenance guide picture, superimposed
with the real equipment, to help the front-end construction personnel to complete the inspection
task more efficiently. At the same time, intelligent glasses as an information concentration platform,
through the construction of IoT network, push the sensor data of on-site equipment to the eyes of
workers, provide workers with safety early warning and equipment status judgment, and truly realize
intelligent power and intelligent work.
Table 1. The comparison results
Recognition Accuracy Pixel (million) Light (color)
View from real cameras 100% 99.999% 800 good
View from wearable devices 98% 99.9% 400 good
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