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Synergy between smart cities' hackathons and living labs as a vehicle for accelerating tangible innovations on cities
... Hackathons are organized to stimulate the development of services using open data that will increase the added value for government and citizens. The purpose of hackathons is the engagement of citizens and developers who collaborate to develop open data applications that are launched in the market through contests [2][3][4][5]. Hackathons are gatherings of people who come together to work on designing and promoting a new or completed application to the public [6,7]. Hackathons are short-term events in which developers generate ideas and turn them into applications. ...
... The ideas and prototypes are then evaluated by an expert jury, and winners are chosen [5]. Even though hackathons are frequently used methods to enhance the generation of new ideas and the development of prototypes, only a limited number of prototypes developed during digital innovation competitions are launched on the market and used by end-users [2][3][4][5]. ...
... With this approach, we can learn more about how hackathons influence the overall innovation ecosystem [8,9]. Despite the significance of hackathons, the preparation and evaluation of these competitions have been the subject of a few studies [3,6,[14][15][16]. These studies have also ignored the factors that make these events successful and only looked at how to put them on. ...
Despite the fact that hackathons and digital innovation contests have emerged as substantial intermediaries in open innovation and entrepreneurship, knowledge about how hackathons and digital innovation contests impact innovation in cities is restricted. There is also a scarcity of models that aid in the organization and evaluation of digital innovation contests. The purpose of this article is to examine the stages for organizing hackathons and digital innovation contests and identifies factors leading to the successful implementation of open data hackathons and digital innovation competitions. Three hackathons and innovation contests held in Thessaloniki between 2014 and 2018 were studied. The proposed framework provides practitioners with options to hold digital contests while also advancing the state of the art in the fields of open data and innovation competitions. Organizers of hackathon events may find this paper useful because they can learn about the factors that must be taken into account to ensure the success of these events.
... Starting in the early 2000s, the popularity of hackathons has seen a steep increase in recent years. The largest hackathon league, Major League Hacking (MLH) alone, hosts more than 200 hackathons annually, involving around 65.000 students 1 . The growing popularity of hackathons has subsequently also led to an increased interest in research as evidenced by a large number of publications on the topic. ...
... Stakeholders (middle in Fig. 1) can be involved in hackathons as participants, mentors, jury, or organizers, and can have an active role in the hackathon by being present during the event. They may also contribute by providing financial support [1,28] typically in exchange for promotional activities. ...
... Hackathon organizers (bottom-left in Fig. 1) are in charge of the overall design of a hackathon and use their expertise [5,30] to design and run them. They have a large array of responsibilities [42] such as marketing an event [6,17,48], defining prerequisites for outcomes [42], and recruiting participants [1,5,10] based on specific participant selection criteria [5,10,22]. They might also provide opportunities for participants to meet prior to the event [13,17,26]. ...
Hackathons are time-bounded events where participants gather in teams to develop projects that interest them. Such events have been adopted in various domains to generate innovative solutions, foster learning, build and expand communities and to tackle civic and ecological issues. While research interest has also grown subsequently, most studies focus on singular events in specific domains. A systematic overview of the current state of the art is currently missing. Such an overview is however crucial to further study the hackathon phenomenon, understand its underlying mechanisms and develop support for hackathon organizers, in particular related to the sustainability of hackathon outcomes. This paper fills that gap by reporting on the results of a systematic literature review thus providing an overview of potential hackathon outcomes, design aspects and connections between them that have been addressed in prior work. Our findings also outline gaps in prior work e.g. related to the lack of work focusing on hackathon outcomes other than hackathon projects.
... In this paper, we propose a design method focused on the effective participation of citizens and experts during the entire design process of mobile and IoT solutions to electronic waste disposal in sustainable smart cities. This method is based on principles and techniques of Participatory Design (PD) [1], hackathon events for smart cities [2], and Personas [3]. ...
... Participation can also increase citizens' initiative, leading them to carry out activities to support sustainability and improve quality of life in the city. Alba et al. [2] emphasizes that thematic hackathons on the theme of smart cities have increased as governments, universities, and corporations have been engaging in the subject. ...
... Hackathons are events with participants who have various profiles (e.g., designers, programmers, engineers) working collaboratively on a specific theme/problem over a period of time [2,13]. Frequently, hackathons have small groups (although there are cases with large groups) working intensively during a short period of time. ...
Sustainable smart cities use technology to improve the quality of life of their citizens and future generations. In this context, electronic waste disposal is still a challenge to be investigated, since electronic devices contain substances that may cause serious damage to the environment. Mobile and IoT technologies may contribute to the design of advanced solutions to this problem. However, it is still necessary to improve design methods so that they consider the citizens’ needs, and to integrate mobile technology with Internet of Things technology to promote the development of sustainable smart cities. In this paper, we propose the Participatory Hackathon Method for Sustainable Smart Cities. This method uses Personas and Design Thinking to structure activities during Hackathon sessions with experts and citizens. The Hackathon’s results are analyzed, and a final prototype is designed in a participatory way. We carried out a case study with students from technical level courses in Computing, Electronics, Logistics, and Work Safety, as well as developers, and citizens. The participants designed a prototype solution to collect electronic waste using smart recycling bins and mobile technology.
... Governments wish to engage citizens and developers who work on producing an application using open data which are promoted and distributed through contests. By organizing them, governments hope to inform the public about the importance and the use of open data as well as to encourage the development of new applications [12]. Hackathons are events where people come together in order to collaborate on developing and launching a new or completed application, which will solve problems faced by public [7]. ...
... The main phases of these events are the Planning and Organizing, the Execution of the event and the Post-event phase. Hackathons are often combined with prize money for participants and they typically inform, promote and persuade public of the use of open data and their value [7,[11][12]19]. The main challenge of organizing a competition or a hackathon is to persuade developers to provide innovative ideas, which can be transformed to applications for the public. According to researchers, there are many motivations in order to participate in a hackathon. ...
... By organizing hackathons, governments hope to inform the public about the importance and the use of open data as well as encouraging the development of new applications [12]. The main phases of these events are the Planning and Organizing, the Execution of the event and the Post-event phase. ...
Open data and hackathons are new and important research areas. Hackathons are designed to enhance the use of open data which will benefit government and citizens. The main challenge of organizing a competition or a hackathon is to persuade developers to provide innovative ideas, which can be transformed into to applications for the public. According to researchers, there are many motivations in order to participate in a hackathon. However, there is limited research highlighting the benefits of the contest or hackathon, for both governments and participants. To maximize the potential of these events, organizers must follow specific guidelines; thus a model describing the steps for hackathons to become a driver of innovation in a city’s ecosystem is proposed. Following previous models for hosting hackathons and based on previous experience of organizing successful hackathons in the city of Thessaloniki, a model for designing innovation and open data hackathons are proposed. Results show the phases, which are necessary to be followed in order to organize a hackathon as well as the advantages of its hosting. The proposed model implies a more robust impact which enables collaboration and commitment between the actors in a city’s ecosystem towards reaching the goal of improving their quality of life. As more open data hackathons are hosted in Thessaloniki and used as drivers of innovation, organizers need to collaborate with universities, governments, application users and other actors of the city’s ecosystem. Therefore, the quality of these events will be increased, as well as the quality of applications and citizens’ life.
... During the pre-event phase for example, organizers often propose small preparatory tasks such as studying background material related to the theme of the event. In some cases, event facilitators / mentors / technology experts / challenge case owners and other stakeholders deliver pre-lectures [28] or ask participants to think about which project they would like to work on prior to an event [29]. As part of the preparation organizers also sometimes ask participants to form teams prior to an event. ...
... As part of the preparation organizers also sometimes ask participants to form teams prior to an event. During events, organizers utilize different approaches to form teams, help them develop a suitable idea for their project and support them to achieve their goals [28,[30][31][32]. ...
In developed countries, companies face constant growing legal enforcement and pressure from governments and local municipalities to become more environmentally friendly. Nowadays, sustainability is a business advantage and a clear competitive edge as an integral part of some front-line companies’ business models too [1-3]. In this complex environment, several options are available for companies to become more sustainable in terms of their services and products, operative actions and business models. For example, this can be achieved by reducing income inequality [99] and minimizing the negative environmental impact [4]. Companies can hire expensive consultants and study step by step guidebooks for making less waste and running their operations more environmentally friendly, or they can innovate and jump new level of sustainable production. In the innovation strategy, different organizations typically do collaborate with higher education institutions, with the goal to acquire and implement new sustainable solution seeds for the business operations. Such collaborations exist in the form of hackathons, code camps and similar events which have been proven to be powerful and successful sources of innovation seeds. The study objective was to map different strategies in hackathon event collaboration to achieve better results in sustainability matters in company – university collaboration relationship. This study is based on published materials and experience-based evidence of successful creation of new business ideas by several companies in Russia, Finland and Estonia. In addition to the gained sustainability in operations, the companies have also minimized energy consumption and reduced own and their customers CO₂ emissions and carbon footprint.
... In this context, urban competitions on open data, or hackathons, are increasingly launched to encourage the development of mobile applications. Baccarne et al. (2014) argue that the goal of hackathons is to inspire both citizens and professionals to utilise open government data, aiming to create more efficient and user-centric applications. As a result, the services are not only anticipated to create a smarter city, but also to serve the citizen in a better way (Hielkema & Hongisto, 2013). ...
... As smart cities grow, living labs are created to test solutions in a real-life environment before they are implemented at a full-scale. Alba et al. (2016) suggest that hosting specific smart citythemed hackathons empower and engage the city's citizens, increasing public awareness about how citizen participation can positively affect the quality of life in cities. ...
This study aims to understand innovation dynamics in urban living labs. The study investigates 23 urban living lab cases from six cities in a Nordic country. Upon constructing a conceptual framework to analyse "anchors" and their dynamics in urban living lab networks, the study suggests several theoretical contributions to the literature on living labs. Among them, the study identified four anchors: (i) concept, (ii) location, (iii) citizen/resident, and (iv) data. These anchors follow innovation dynamics of "in situ" versus "ex situ". Second, the innovation dynamics reveal how to identify a living lab's "DNA" which offers basis for effective management of collaborative innovation processes. Beside them, the study suggests managerial contributions and suggests for future research.
... Coaching and mentoring, showcasing the artefact during an event [121], prizes [13], [116], releasing a production version of artefact [121], recruiting new team members [13] and writing grants [13]. ...
... Coaching and mentoring, showcasing the artefact during an event [121], prizes [13], [116], releasing a production version of artefact [121], recruiting new team members [13] and writing grants [13]. ...
This thesis work is based on Systematic Literature Review on hackathon like events. Thesis research focuses on outcome sustainability and remote participation during these events. A general overview of hackathon related research topics and coverage relevance have been conducted with potential future research suggestions in mind. Selected material has been classified during the in-depth reading process and focus-related observations recorded for further analysis. The most notable observations are the following: 1) Publications on post- event walkthrough are the most common ones, 2) There is a decent amount of research on motivation during the event, although it mainly focuses on participant motivators, 3) Hackathons are commonly viewed as part of the learning process that in many cases have similarities with Project-Based Learning and/or emphasise the importance of teamwork, 4) Event outcome sustainability is little researched and has contradictory findings as well as 5) Remote participation in hackathon like event is almost not studied and is mostly limited to subjective sidenotes in research focusing on other subjects.
... L'interazione facciaa-faccia e il contesto informale dell'attività di prototipazione collaborativa faciliterebbero poi secondo Mascitelli (2000) tali processi di "improvvisazione creativa" e scambio di conoscenza in tempo reale. Gli autori che appoggiano questa posizione sono numerosi (Alba, Avalos, Guzmán & Larios, 2016;Alkema et al, 2017;Artiles & Wallace, 2013, Briscoe & Mulligan, 2014DePasse, Carroll, Ippolito, Yost, Chu & Olson, 2014;Frey & Luks, 2016;Rosell et al., 2014) così come sono numerose le imprese che hanno sperimentato (e stanno tutt'ora sperimentando) questo format, arrivando in molti casi ad integrarlo in toto nella propria attività di R&S. ...
... Infine, un'altra fase spesso assente è quella di follow-up. Anche qualora l'idea vincente risulti valida e meritevole di essere sviluppata una volta terminato l'evento, nella maggior parte dei casi infatti non è prevista alcuna successiva attività di follow-up (ad esempio una qualche forma di coaching o mentoring personalizzato, o semplicemente il sostegno del problem-owner) -il che limita ulteriormente il potenziale d'innovazione degli hackathon (Alba et al., 2016). Possono giocare a sfavore fattori quali l'insufficienza di risorse sia in termini di fondi interni e di finanziamenti esterni che di personale con competenze tecniche adeguate ed esperienza nel management dell'innovazione . ...
Gli hackathon sono competizioni di durata limitata in cui i partecipanti lavorano a ritmo serrato per progettare e sviluppare una soluzione – sotto forma di idea o artefatto – ad uno specifico problema. Nati come meet-up per sviluppatori, gli hackathon rappresentano oggi fenomeni di massa utilizzati per perseguire molteplici finalità e applicati in contesti lontani da quello originario. Eppure, nonostante la loro fama di catalizzatori di innovazione, gran parte dei prototipi sviluppati in occasione di queste maratone collaborative ha vita breve, così breve da terminare con la conclusione dell’evento stesso. È perciò lecito chiedersi in che modo gli hackathon producano valore per le parti coinvolte, e se questo valore derivi dal prototipo sviluppato o piuttosto dai processi socio-materiali che informano l’attività di prototipazione collaborativa. Sulla base dei risultati emersi dall’analisi di uno specifico caso di studio – l’Open Data Hackabot 2019 – lo scopo della ricerca è duplice. In primis esplorare il fenomeno degli hackathon da una prospettiva differente, assumendo cioè che i prototipi non rappresentino i prodotti finali di questi eventi bensì agiscano come boundary objects (Star & Griesemer, 1989). Così pensati, i prototipi rappresentano il perno sul quale prendono forma assemblaggi sociotecnici contingenti – vere e proprie condizioni di possibilità per la produzione di prodotti altri e non necessariamente materiali. Sulla base dei dati raccolti, verranno in secondo luogo suggerite delle azioni concrete al fine di facilitare la prototipazione dei prodotti intangibili che ha luogo agli hackathon e di massimizzarne gli effetti benefici.
... small preparatory reading tasks and studying background material. In some cases, facilitators / technology expert also conducts pre-lectures [21] or ask participants to generate ideas prior to the event [22] to guarantee a fast start of the actual event. During the event, one can use multiple different methods, but for tangible results, specifically, interdisciplinary collaborative working is suggested by most of the academic sources [21,[23][24][25], which would be the highly suggested way of running the event facilitation in sustainability focused events too. ...
... In some cases, facilitators / technology expert also conducts pre-lectures [21] or ask participants to generate ideas prior to the event [22] to guarantee a fast start of the actual event. During the event, one can use multiple different methods, but for tangible results, specifically, interdisciplinary collaborative working is suggested by most of the academic sources [21,[23][24][25], which would be the highly suggested way of running the event facilitation in sustainability focused events too. Moreover, one should be aware that participants are likely to come with different ideas and goals which can also be different from those of the organizers [38]. ...
Companies need to become more environmentally conscious in their actions and business-based operations. In developed countries, there is an increased pressure towards this direction enforced by legal requirements. Moreover, a notion of sustainability is more and more perceived as a business advantage and as part of a successful company’s business models. Companies have various options on how to innovate their products, operations and business models to be more sustainable by e.g. addressing growing income inequality and minimizing their own impact on the deterioration of our natural livelihood. To identify suitable options companies often collaborate with higher education institutions to develop innovative ideas. And within this realm, lies option for collaboration in the form of hackathons and e.g. code camps. These events are great sources of innovation and these special cases they also did support collaboration driven sustainability innovation seeding too. This work is based on case studies and experience-based evidence on how companies were successful in generating ideas for their operations and new potential options for new implementation directions to support higher levels of circularity in their supply chains. Additionally, companies have been able to improve their services to support their customers’ actions to minimize energy consumption and improve operations to positively affect CO₂ emissions thus reducing their carbon footprint.
... Thus, the general trend towards "big data" means that challenges aim at generating value from data without having a dedicated technology or a specific business case in mind [40]. Such tasks focus on the processing, analysis or visualization of data sets [41], and in some cases on the collection or generation of data [42]. ...
... While "classic" hackathons take place at physical locations [44], there are also formats that are completely organized virtually via online platforms or social networks (e.g. Kaggle) and therefore do not require physical presence [42]. Additionally there is the possibility to combine physical and virtual venues [49]. ...
In order to master the digital transformation and to survive in global competition, companies face the challenge of improving transformation processes, such as innovation processes. However, the design of these processes poses a challenge, as the related knowledge is still largely in its infancy. A popular trend since the mid-2000s are collaborative development events, so-called hackathons, where people with different professional backgrounds work collaboratively on development projects for a defined period. While hackathons are a widespread phenomenon in practice and many field reports and individual observations exist, there is still a lack of holistic and structured representations of the new phenomenon in literature. The paper at hand aims to develop a taxonomy of hackathons in order to illustrate their nature and underlying characteristics. For this purpose, a systematic literature review is combined with existing taxonomies or taxonomy-like artifacts (e.g. morphological boxes, typologies) from similar research areas in an iterative taxonomy development process. The results contribute to an improved understanding of the phenomenon hackathon and allow the more effective use of hackathons as a new tool in organizational innovation processes. Furthermore, the taxonomy provides guidance on how to apply hackathons for organizational innovation processes.
... The structure of the code camp and hackathon can typically be divided in three parts; pre-event, event and post-event [27]. Pre-event activities might consist of some preparatory activities like reading of background material or pre-lectures [28], idea generation [29] or team building. However, quite often both idea generation and team building are part of the actual event, especially in a themed event in which all teams innovate under the same theme or target setting. ...
... Working during the event may vary depending on the type of the event. Many of the events emphasize interdisciplinary collaborative working [30], [31], [32], [28]. In some events teams might work in completely different spaces [33] that can strengthen intra-team collaboration but decrease the inter-team collaboration regardless of digital platforms (e.g. ...
Motivation: Code camps and hackathons been used in education for almost two decades. These approaches are usually intensive and for most times quite practical events for solving some real-world problems with various educational objectives. The objectives and structures of these events differ depending on the role of the event in curricula. Problem statement: Both code camps and hackathons been implemented in various ways, with varying success levels. As expected the implementation of the event varies considerably depending on the objectives set for the event, but that then leads to the difficulty and problem setting to understand what organizing of these events actually mean. For educational context, curricula have also its role in defining the targeted skills and competencies the events has to consider too. Approach: We applied a systematic literature review (SLR) to look at the various definitions and modes of these events. Whether it is called "code camp", or "hackathon", or anything else with the same basic meaning, we want to find out what skills and competencies these events emphasize, how they are used in Computer Science (CS) and Software Engineering (SE) education and what are the general structures of the actual arranged events. Contribution: It is aim of this SLR to i) identify various possible ways of implementing these intensive events, and ii) reflect the results to the lessons we have learned of almost two decades of various intensive code camps and hackathons we have been organizing building and participating into. Based on the results, we claim that there is tremendous potential of using these events in education and in the curriculum than how it has been applied so far.
... As part of the former, the government may embark upon futuristic and citizen-centred smart city policy and set up structures conducive to citizen-led initiatives. Guadalajara smart city in Mexico organises smart city-based hackathons to bring programmers and designers together to collaborate in developing digital innovations (Alba et al., 2016). City government may also create structures to enhance social capital among various public sector departments, facilitating knowledge sharing, innovation, and enhanced collaborative regimes (Bartelt et al., 2020 (Tironi & Valderrama, 2017). ...
This paper discusses how to govern smart cities that nurture and promote citizen engagement. By reviewing the emergent literature on the topic and rooting in a pluralistic-a descriptive-normative orientation, we identify three novel governance models: embedded, blended, and networked. Our review indicates that the depth of citizen engagement varies between models based on the roles played by closely aligned resourceful actors. A collaborative environment driven by, for, and with citizens seeks to build smart cities embedded in local realities. Drawing on examples from smart cities across the globe, we offer policy suggestions for building futuristic citizen-engaged smart cities.
... Os autores afirmam ainda que a coleta e o desenvolvimento de ideias de forma antecipada podem proporcionar mais tempo para codificação e que a organização das equipes pode ocorrer pela escolha do participante ou por quem estiver responsável pela organização da competição, com base nas ideias ou tecnologias que lhes interessam. Para Alba et al. (2016), os hackathons podem ser realizados de forma presencial, remota ou de forma mista, utilizando a internet. De acordo com os autores a NASA tem conseguido excelentes resultados em seus hackathons anuais (International Space Apps Challenge) pelo fato de ocorrerem remotamente. ...
Este trabalho tem o objetivo de propor uma competição de hackathon para construir soluções inovadoras para os desafios encontrados na implantação da etapa piloto do Projeto Hortas Pedagógicas. Trata-se de pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, de natureza aplicada, classificada como exploratória. Como procedimento de pesquisa adotou-se a pesquisa bibliográfica e optou-se pela revisão sistemática para análise dos dados. A proposta apresentada para a realização do hackathon foi baseada na metodologia Project Model Canvas e tem o objetivo de desenvolver um aplicativo capaz de conectar escolas que desejam implementar hortas, entidades ofertantes de serviço de assistência técnica e instituições interessadas em financiar a implantação do Projeto.
... Interdisciplinary modules [12]; bachelors programs across faculties of natural and social sciences, and humanities [123]; new face-to-face and online courses, student advisory groups [124]; Master's level training programs linked to an embedded energy testing infrastructure [87] Anchored LL-based learning as a regular part of the curriculum [14]; staff developing collaborative teaching skills, such as instruction, advice, monitoring processes, and facilitating reflection [120] Student projects, thesis, and internships Student capstone projects [101,117]; Master's and PhD projects [65,93] Academic internships and research projects integrated in LLs [108]; development of active pedagogy, acquisition of cooperative learning, critical thinking, and problem-solving [105], systems thinking and co-creation skills [54]; increased awareness of sustainability [121], and energy efficiency and green technologies [88] Knowledge transfer Technologies Telemedicine solutions [135]; virtual reality environments and training programs, way-finding technologies, and intelligent wheelchairs [138]; optical networks [127]; regional ICT infrastructure [71] Improvement in open and transparent urban governance; building of urban heritage communities [134]; enabling innovation through interactive knowledge co-production as alternatives to corporate-driven, technologically deterministic smart city narratives [98]; municipal innovation [109]; increased awareness among citizens of sustainability in personal environments [75] Digital platforms and services E-Senior platform comprising e-learning courses and the crowdsourcing module [69]; high-tech platform for public transportation [95] Campus technology and facilities ...
Living labs (LLs) have emerged as an interface for higher education institutions to collaborate with companies, citizens, non-profit and government organizations to address a variety of problems around social challenges and sustainable development. In this systematic literature review, we summarize the existing knowledge on how universities shape and manage the LLs they are associated with and how they align with their core missions of education and research and—in particular—their social missions. Following PRISMA guidelines for a systematic literature review (SLR), we analyzed journal articles, conference papers, and book chapters published between 2008 and 2020, capturing 93 university-governed LL experiences from across the world. Our findings show that LLs are developing from bottom-up initiatives, often at the fringe of higher education institutions, towards more self-standing entities implementing strategies to undertake social outreach activities. LLs require their host universities to intensify the relationships with their stakeholders and work on capacity building and focus on inter- and transdisciplinary research methodologies. Finally, our literature review points to the need for further research on the hybrid governance approaches displayed by LLs, particularly looking at the roles and responsibilities of academics involved in managing LL initiatives.
... The purpose of hackathons and innovation contests in Thessaloniki is to inform and encourage developers and citizens to use open data and applications which are developed based on data in order to increase the benefits both for participants and citizens. Based on Figure 1 the main phases of hosting hackathons in Thessaloniki are definition of goals, planning and organizing the hackathon, execution and post-event evaluation [1,11,13,16,18]. These phases and their activities are presented in Table 2. Table 3 presents the application of innovation-driven hackathon pattern in Thessaloniki's hackathons. ...
In the global market the use of digital services has been increased and companies and national bodies are required to deliver new services to customers and increase value. Hackathons are events where individuals from different fields cooperate to develop applications that will offer value to citizens establishing a win-win situation for all involved bodies. Despite the significance of hackathons, previous researchers have studied the motivations of developers and the challenges of open data hackathons but limited studies have focused on the preparation and evaluation of these contests. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to identify the challenges that can be faced by organizers of open data hackathons and innovation contests suggesting solutions in order to minimize them. Six case studies of open data hackathons and innovation contests held between 2014 and 2018 in Thessaloniki were examined. The innovation-driven hackathon pattern was applied in order to show how the process of hosting a hackathon event can be stimulated within a public institution and, particularly how challenges can be overcome. The results of this paper share practical experience with academics and researchers by providing new insights regarding to the preparation, the implementation and the evaluation of contests.
... BluHEMS to monitor and controls appliances within homes, in BluHEMS holds information of electric prices and energy storage systems to balance demand of electric supply to manage cost-effective operations, depicted diagram of Blu-HEMS shown in Figure 3, it has been developed in scenario mode, with an existing version of HEMS to comparison with, BluHEMS comparison considered by four appliances loads by, a coffee maker, a dishwasher a dryer and a washer, moreover, energy consumption of duration are vendor specific for appliances, average load were managed [17], above appliances consumed 0.3 kWh, 1.19 kWh, 2.46 kWh and 0.88 kWh respectively, with duration of cycles are 10, 30, and 60 minutes, furthermore, 4 kWh of extra loads have been assumed, therefore, 20% of loads are from standby appliances and rest from others appliances [17]. Figure 3. ...
... Unfortunately, many applications that have been developed in hackathons are abandoned, leading them to only provide open data access, which is not enough to increase economic value [22][23][24]. Despite the significance of hackathons, previous researchers have not widely studied the motivations of developers and the challenges of open data hackathons, and limited studies have focused on the preparation and evaluation of these contests [25][26][27][28][29]. Furthermore, these studies have only focused on the implementation of these events, ignoring the factors that contribute to their success. ...
Previous researchers have examined the motivations of developers to participate in hackathons events and the challenges of open data hackathons, but limited studies have focused on the preparation and evaluation of these contests. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to examine factors that lead to the effective implementation and success of open data hackathons and innovation contests. Six case studies of open data hackathons and innovation contests held between 2014 and 2018 in Thessaloniki were studied in order to identify the factors leading to the success of hackathon contests using criteria from the existing literature. The results show that the most significant factors were clear problem definition, mentors’ participation to the contest, level of support to participants by mentors in order to launch their applications to the market, jury members’ knowledge and experience, the entry requirements of the competition, and the participation of companies, data providers, and academics. Furthermore, organizers should take team members’ competences and skills, as well as the support of post-launch activities for applications, into consideration. This paper can be of interest to organizers of hackathon events because they could be knowledgeable about the factors that should take into consideration for the successful implementation of these events.
... Others works, such as [4], aimed to increase people participation in the government by social media, taking advantage of the increasing concern about social aspects. Regarding the smart city paradigm, some works have fostered co-creation to solve specific problems in urban environments, like [5], where authors followed a strategy based on hackathons, or [6], where machine-to-machine communications was used. Finally, collaborative methodologies have also been used to bring service providers near citizens interested in the co-creation process [7]. ...
Under the smart city paradigm, cities are changing at a rapid pace. In this context, it is necessary to develop tools that allow service providers to perform rapid deployments of novel solutions that can be validated by citizens. In this sense, the OrganiCity experimentation-as-a-service platform brings about a unique solution to experiment with new urban services in a co-creative way, among all the involved stakeholders. On top of this, it is also necessary to ensure that users are engaged in the experimentation process, so as to guarantee that the resulting services actually fulfill their needs. In this work, we present the engagement monitoring framework that has been developed within the OrganiCity platform. This framework permits the tailored definition of metrics according to the experiment characteristics and provides valuable information about how citizens react to service modifications and incentivization campaigns.
... They should engage mentors who support participants to get funding and launch their applications to the market. These activities could be a new phase in the proposed model for the organizing of digital contests which are not included in the existing models [2], [7], [8]. The updated model is presented in Figure 4. ...
Although, innovation contests and hackathons emerge as significant intermediaries in open data markets, the understanding of how contests and hackathons influence innovation in the city is limited. Also, there is a lack of frameworks which help the planning of digital contests. Following previous models for organizing contests, the purpose of this paper is to suggest a model for designing innovation and open data hackathons. The model for hackathons is applied from the organizer's perspective and it was implemented in 3 innovation contests in Thessaloniki. The proposed framework contributes with new knowledge in the field of open data and innovation contests and provides opportunities to practitioner in hosting digital contests. Furthermore, this model provides guidelines and tools for organizers of hackathons to plan contests that better meet the needs of an open data ecosystem.
... Participation and interaction on government social media are used in [4] to take advantage of increasing civic engagement in citizens. A strategy based on hackathons is used in [5] to encourage to stakeholders to focus on solving punctual problems in order to achieve a smarter city. Other initiatives focus on the technical side, in particular IoT or machineto-machine communications [6]. ...
... Living labs have recently received significant attention and are being increasingly adopted for urban/suburban lifestyle innovations using wearable devices, ubiquitous devices, information and communication technology (ICT), and internet of things (IoT) service [1][2]. Furthermore, there have been innovative studies on environmentally friendly organic electronics and printing technologies [3][4][5]. ...
Interest in flexible organic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays is increasing. Fabrication methods based low-temperature, low-cost, and large-area printing processes have been studied to simplify the manufacturing process. A gate driver is required to drive the OLED display. The gate driver is integrated into the panel to reduce the manufacturing cost of the display panel and to simplify the module structure. In this study, a shift register is proposed using organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) to integrate flexible an OLED display with the gate driver. OTFT modeling was performed using the experimental data with a three-terminal silicon-on-sapphire field effect transistor (SOSFET) model. Furthermore, a shift register for the gate driver was designed using the required process design kit with the OTFT modeling data. Operation of the shift register was confirmed by HSPICE simulation. The layout of the shift register was designed using the solution process rule for OTFTs. Those results show the possibility of gate diver integrated in flexible OLED display.
Contribution: Although engineering hackathon events are common, this is one of the first reports of such an event used for the purpose of teaching engineering students about public health concepts. Results from this study suggest that hackathons are an effective format for teaching topics that are not core to the engineering discipline in a short period of time. Background: The current COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the essential role that computer scientists and engineers have in controlling disease outbreaks. However, engineering programs generally do not provide training on public health issues. Thus, there is a critical need to develop innovative and engaging ways to educate engineering students about public health without interfering with required discipline-specific content. Intended Outcomes: Hackathons, short-term events, held outside of the classroom, can provide an engaging and effective method for increasing the interest and knowledge of engineering students in disease outbreaks. In this article, the effectiveness of a hack day in increasing the interest and knowledge of engineering students in disease outbreaks is assessed. Application Design: One-hundred-six undergraduate students, 30 of whom were engineering majors, participated in a multidisciplinary disease focused hackathon. Student learning and engagement during the hackathon was assessed for the 30 engineering students that participated through pre- and post-event surveys. Findings: The results indicated that the hackathon increased both content knowledge and engagement of engineering students in public health issues. Additionally, students gained an increased understanding of public health professions and how they can contribute to disease tracking, prevention, and treatment. Therefore, hackathons are an effective and efficient tool for teaching engineering students about topics outside of their discipline.
The organization of open data hackathons or digital innovation competitions is a significant opportunity for nascent entrepreneurs to collaborate with external partners, promote new ideas and extend their applications to a new start-up. Prior studies have not thoroughly compared the execution of different strategies in many hackathons or digital innovation competitions. They only focus on the actions that the organizers of a specific hackathon have implemented or the challenges they have faced. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to examine goals and design strategies that contribute to the successful execution of open data hackathons and innovation competitions. Six case studies of open data hackathons and innovation competitions held between 2014 and 2018 in Thessaloniki have been explored to understand the co-ordination between the multiple stakeholders of these events and improve the execution of open data hackathons and innovation competitions. The outcomes indicate that the most critical design strategy was the involvement of mentors in the event and the level of support provided to nascent entrepreneurs to accelerate their creativity, develop applications and launch their prototypes on the market.
This article examines the outcomes of open innovation (OI) and their contribution to public value by analysing 19 subnational civic hackathons across the US. Our analysis identifies three outcomes (digital prototypes, public engagement and relationship building, and government awareness of open data and OI) and lends support to the predominance of public engagement and relationship building over digital prototypes. Further, our study shows that OI initiatives may contribute to public value by enhancing substantive outcomes, democratic accountability, and procedural legitimacy. However, such contribution is constrained by the early stage of adoption of these initiatives and by the limited participation of external actors.
Development of the innovation capacity of SMEs builds upon the business’s ability to pursue objectives such as a) the exploration of market needs, b) the exploitation of new business opportunities, and c) the ability to change and adapt to new market conditions while aligning operational strengths towards creating competitive advantage. A business ecosystem that fosters the Quadruple Helix relations and the growth of university – industry – government – citizens cooperation providing links to other regional, national, cross border and international business ecosystems, may improve the business’s innovation potential. This paper is based on an Interreg IPA Cross Border Cooperation Project, Corporate Acceleration for Existing Ventures, which is a joint project that aims to improve the cross-border innovation capacity of business through mechanisms of corporate acceleration and incubation facilitated by open innovation practices. Within this project, the procedure of linking business ecosystems in order to improve business’s innovation capacity implies the need for a joint co-creative process. This paper presents the research methodology, consisting of the project process itself. It discusses the creation of a supporting mechanism that joins efforts of various stakeholders in the cross-border area for increasing innovation capacity of businesses while creating job opportunities. The transferability of the identified approaches and the strategies for replication of the proposed mechanism are also outlined. Methods and tools used in the context of corporate acceleration and incubation programs combining open innovation actions may yield tangible results in the process of creating new products and services. Those programs need to be accessible by businesses operating both in urban but also in rural areas. In this context of democratizing entrepreneurship corporate acceleration and incubation programs can be delivered both physically but also virtually, providing the opportunity to access business support services remotely.
Pedagogical innovation is gradually taking shape in the field of training and teaching because it enables new challenges to be met in the digital age. These challenges are both the appropriation of new digital tools but also the rethinking of a value-added presence. Thus, it will be a matter of capturing attention and provoking changes of state of mind, to acculturate to new methodologies of work, to make concrete a theoretical learning. In this context, the hackathon in Design Thinking mode, represents a vector of training that allows to acquire, at the same time, methodological and behavioral skills. This article presents the characteristics and contributions of this practice from the analysis of a real experiment with an audience of HR practitioners, company employees, teacher-researchers and students. The analysis shows that during the event, the formula allows each participant to adopt complementary learning postures as evoked by the experiential cycle of Kolb (1984). Thus, beyond knowledge, methods and behaviors are acquired to form the basis of new skills.
At all levels, governments around the world are moving toward the provision of open data, that is, the direct provision to citizens, the private sector, and other third parties, of raw government datasets, controlled by a relatively permissible license. In tandem with this distribution of open data is the promotion of civic hackathons, or “app contests” by government. The civic hackathon is designed to offer prize money to developers as a way to spur innovative use of open data, more specifically the creation of commercial software applications that deliver services to citizens. Within this context, we propose that the civic hackathon has the potential to act in multiple ways, possibly as a backdoor to the traditional government procurement process, and as a form of civic engagement. We move beyond much of the hype of civic hackathons, critically framing an approach to understanding civic hackathons through these two lenses. Key questions for future research emphasize the emerging, and important, nature of this research path.
This article investigates bottom-up socio-technical innovations with and by citizen developers in an Urban living Lab, which is considered a platform for grassroots service creation in a city. In specific, the Living Lab framework is discussed as an instrumental platform within a Smart City, facilitating the governance of bottom-up innovation ‘by’ and ‘with’ citizens. The analysis is based on an in-depth case-study analysis on the use of Open Data and the ‘hackathon’ format within the Ghent Living Lab (Ghent, Belgium). The analytical framework focusses on the innovation ecosystem, urban transitions, user innovation, civic engagement, public and economic value creation and sustainability issues. Our findings explore the nature of the interactions and the outcomes of the projects. While hackathon events within an Urban Living Lab have already proven some of their potential, several opportunities remain. Especially the lack of involvement of private partners and a rather low focus on potential business models for the projects forecloses long-term sustainability and economic value creation. Central governance, focus on follow-up processes and a rigid innovation development framework are needed to overcome these challenges.
Making a city "smart" is emerging as a strategy to mitigate the problems generated by the urban population growth and rapid urbanization. Yet little academic research has sparingly discussed the phenomenon. To close the gap in the literature about smart cities and in response to the increasing use of the concept, this paper proposes a framework to understand the concept of smart cities. Based on the exploration of a wide and extensive array of literature from various disciplinary areas we identify eight critical factors of smart city initiatives: management and organization, technology, governance, policy context, people and communities, economy, built infrastructure, and natural environment. These factors form the basis of an integrative framework that can be used to examine how local governments are envisioning smart city initiatives. The framework suggests directions and agendas for smart city research and outlines practical implications for government professionals.
Definition of Quality of Experience (QoE)
- C Dvorak
Agile Project Management
- P Abernathy
Guadalajara: Smart City of the Near Future
- K Pretz
Urban socio-technical innovations with and by citizens
- B Baccarne
- P Merchant
- D Schuurman