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Rigidity of a Multilayer Piezoelectric Actuator for the Nano and Micro Range
... Today, nanotechnology is used in many fields such as electronics, aerospace, medical applications, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and environmental processes. Nanostructures have been used as essential elements with crucial functions for many applications in mechanical science, such as nano switches, nano actuators, nanosensors, nano-resonators, and fluid transport devices by [1][2][3][4][5]. Undoubtedly, nanomechanics is one of the main areas of study at the nanoscale. ...
... Today, nanotechnology is used in many fields such as electronics, aerospace, medical applications, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and environmental processes. Nanostructures have been used as essential elements with crucial functions for many applications in mechanical science, such as nano switches, nano actuators, nanosensors, nano-resonators, and fluid transport devices [1][2][3][4][5]. Undoubtedly, nanomechanics is one of the main areas of study at the nanoscale. ...
In this study, vibrations of stepped nanobeams were investigated according to Eringen’s nonlocal elasticity theory. Multi-time scale method, which is one of the perturbation methods, has been applied to solve dimensionless state equations. The solution is considered in two steps. First-order terms obtained from the perturbation expansion formed the linear problem in the first step. In the second step, the solution of the second order of the perturbation expansion was made and nonlinear terms emerged as corrections to the linear problem from this solution. The main issue that the study wants to emphasize is the examination of the mechanical effects of the steps, which are discontinuities encountered at the nanoscale, on the system. For this purpose, while the findings of the research were obtained, various nonlocal parameter values were obtained to capture the nano-scale effect, and frequency-response and nonlinear frequency-amplitude curves corresponding to the 1st Mode values of the beam for different step ratios and step locations were obtained to capture the step effect. One of the important features of the nonlinear system is the formation of internal resonance between the modes of the system. How this situation affects the characteristics of the system has also been examined and results have been given by graphs. The obtained data show that taking into account the nanoscale step is essential for the accuracy and sensitivity of many nanostructures such as sensors, actuators, biostructures, switches, etc. that are likely to be produced at the nanoscale in practice.
... We can experience nano sensors, nano actuators, nanoresonators, and nanofluid carriers with new physical properties that we can describe as completely different and perfect. (see [1], [2], [3], [4], and [5]). ...
Free vibration of stepped nanobeams was investigated using Eringen's nonlocal elasticity theory. Beam analysis is based on Bernoulli-Euler theory and nanoscale analysis is based on Eringen's nonlocal elasticity theory. The system boundary conditions were determined as simple-simple. The equations of motion of the system were obtained using Hamilton's principle. For the solution of the obtained state equations, a multi-time scale, which is one of the perturbation methods, was used. The results part of the study, it is aimed to observe the nano-size effect and the effects of the step state. For this purpose, the natural frequency values of the first three modes of the system were obtained for different non-local parameter values, step rates, and step positions. When the results were examined, it was determined that the non-local parameter value, step ratio, and natural frequency were inversely proportional to each other. In addition, to strengthen the accuracy of the results, the results obtained were compared with the results of other studies in the literature conducted under the specified conditions, and a perfect agreement was observed. The current beam model, on the other hand, could help design and manufacture ICs such as nano-sensors and nano-actuators.
... There are three properties: piezoelectricity, dielectricity and the elastic property. Furthermore, they are widely used in medical imaging [3,4], sensors [5], actuators [6], ultrasonic motors [1,7,8], micro-electro-mechanical systems [9] and ultra-precision measurements [10,11]. With piezoelectric actuators, small displacements are produced by the inverse piezoelectric effect of piezoelectric materials. ...
The manipulator is the key component of the micromanipulator. Using the axial expansion and contraction properties, the piezoelectric tube can drive the manipulator to achieve micro-motion positioning. It is widely used in scanning probe microscopy, fiber stretching and beam scanning. The piezoceramic tube actuator used to have continuous electrodes inside and outside. It is polarized along the radial direction. There are relatively high polarization voltages, but poor axial mechanical properties. A new tubular actuator is presented in this paper by combining interdigitated electrodes and piezoceramic tubes. The preparation, polarization and mesoscopic mechanical properties were investigated. Using Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT-52) as a substrate, the preparation process of interdigitated electrodes by screen printing was studied. For initial polarization voltage determination, the local characteristic model of the actuator was extracted and the electric field was analyzed by a finite element method. By measuring the actuator’s axial displacement, we measured the actuator’s polarization effect. Various voltages, times and temperatures were evaluated to determine how polarization affects the actuator’s displacement. Optimal polarization conditions are 800 V, 60 min and 150 °C, with a maximum displacement of 0.88 μm generated by a PZT-52 tube actuator with interdigitated electrodes. PZT-52 tube actuators with a continuous electrode cannot be polarized under these conditions. The maximum displacement is 0.47 μm after polarization at 4 kV. Based on the results, the new actuator has a more convenient polarization process and a greater axial displacement from an application standpoint. It provides technical guidance for the preparation and polarization of the piezoceramic tube actuator. There is potential for piezoelectric tubular actuators to be used in a broader range of applications.
... Precision actuators with a piezoelectric component as the core show micro/nano displacement resolution. They play an important role in submicron and micro/nano ultra-precision drive and control technology [12][13][14]. Piezoelectric ceramics possess the advantages of convenient control, high power density, high displacement resolution, fast frequency response, low power consumption, no noise, and strong anti-electromagnetic interference ability [1]. They have developed into a unique driving form in the field of precision drive and are applied in automatic assembly devices, micro-robot operation, micro-machinery manufacturing, precision optical adjustment, precision positioning, nano-machining and optical fiber operation [15][16][17][18]. ...
A new piezoelectric actuator combining interdigitated ring electrodes and a PZT-52(Lead Zirconate Titanate) disk was investigated for the large displacement requirements of piezoelectric actuators. Finite element models were established according to the structural characteristics of the actuator and static analysis was carried out based on ANSYS software. Then Ø25 mm × 2 mm samples were prepared. The displacement detection system was established, and the influence of electrode structure on radial displacement was studied experimentally. A comparison between the experimental results and the finite element analysis confirmed that the finite element model was correct. The results showed that the effect of electrode width on displacement was small. With decrease in electrode center distance and increase in the number of electrodes pairs, the radial displacement increased correspondingly. The peak of radial displacement was 1.63 μm under a 200 V voltage excitation voltage of 0.2 Hz. This was 2.5 times that for a conventional electrode piezo disk with the same structure. The actuator demonstrated better displacement properties. The piezoelectric disk could be valuable in applications involving micro-nano devices.
Background/Aim: With the availability of biosimilars, hospital formulary drug selection among biologics extends beyond clinical and safety considerations when comes to hospital resource management, to factors like human resource allocation and financial sustainability. However, research assessing the time and cost of labor, supplies, and waste disposal of biologics from the standpoint of hospitals remains limited. This study focuses on short-acting granulocyte-colony stimulating factor originators (Granocyte® and Neupogen®) and biosimilar (Nivestim®), comparing them based on mean total handling times per dose and total annual expenses. Materials and Methods: Ten nurses from a Taiwanese cancer center were recruited; they each prepared three doses of each drug. Results: Findings showed that the mean total handling times per dose of Granocyte® and Neupogen® were significantly higher than that of Nivestim®. Handling Nivestim® required the lowest total annual expense. Conclusion: Nivestim® is an advantageous alternative to Granocyte® and Neupogen®, benefiting hospital resource management.
The structural schemes of electroelastic engine micro and nano displacement are determined for applied bionics and biomechanics. The structural scheme of electroelastic engine is constructed by method mathematical physics. The displacement matrix of electroelastic engine micro and nano displacement is determined.
For the control system with a piezo actuator in astrophysical research the condition for the existence of self-oscillations is determined. Frequency method for determination self-oscillations in control systems is applied. By using the harmonious linearization of hysteresis and Nyquist stability criterion the condition of the existence of self-oscillations is obtained.
The multi-layer longitudinal piezo engine with parallel and coded control is used for nano biomedical research. The characteristics of the multi-layer longitudinal piezo engine with parallel and coded control are determined for nano biomedical research. The characteristics of the multi-layer longitudinal piezo engine are obtained by applied method of mathematical physics.
In the work is calculated of the piezoactuator for astrophysics. The structural scheme of the piezoactuator is determined for astrophysics. The matrix equation is constructed for the piezoactuator. The mechanical characteristic is determined. The parameters of the piezoactuator are obtained in nano control systems for astrophysics.
An electromagnetoelastic actuator is electromagnetomechanical device, intended for actuation of mechanisms, systems or management, based on the piezoelectric, piezomagnetic, electrostriction, magnetostriction effects, converts electric or magnetic signals into mechanical movement and force. The piezo actuator is used in vibration compensation and absorption systems in aircraft and rotorcraft elements, in nanotechnology research for scanning microscopy, in laser systems and ring gyroscopes. The structural scheme of an electromagnetoelastic actuator for nanotechnology research is constructed by using the equation of electromagnetoelasticity and the linear ordinary second-order differential equation of the actuator under various boundary conditions. An electromagnetoelastic actuator is using in nanotechnology, microelectronics, nanobiology, astronomy, nanophysics for the alignment, the reparation of the gravitation and temperature deformations. The nanomanipulator with the piezo actuator is applied in the matching systems in nanotechnology. In the present work, the problem of building the structural scheme of the electromagnetoelastic actuator is solving in difference from Mason’s electrical equivalent circuit. The transformation of the structural scheme under various boundary conditions of the actuator is considered. The matrix transfer function is calculated from the set of equations for the structural scheme of the electromagnetoelastic actuator in control system. This matrix transfer function for the deformation of the actuator is used in nanotechnology research. The structural schemes and the elastic compliances of the piezo actuators are obtained by voltage or current control. The structural scheme of the magnetostriction actuator is constructed for nanotechnology research. The characteristics of the piezo actuator are determined. The structural scheme of the piezo actuator with the back electromotive force is obtained. The transformation of the elastic compliances of the piezo actuators is considered for the voltage and current control.
The structural model of a nano drive is determined for biomedical research. The structural scheme of the piezo drive is obtained. The matrix equation is constructed for a nano drive.
For the nano piezoactuator with hysteresis in control system its set of equilibrium positions is the segment of line. By applying Yakubovich criterion for system with the nano piezoactuator the condition absolute stability of system is evaluated.
The structural model of the nano piezoengine is determined for applied biomechanics and biosciences. The structural scheme of the nano piezoengine is obtained. For calculation nano systems the structural model and scheme of the nano piezoengine are used, which reflect the conversion of electrical energy into mechanical energy of the control object. The matrix equation is constructed for the nano piezoengine in applied biomechanics and biosciences.
The structural scheme of a piezoactuator is obtained for astrophysics. The matrix equation is constructed for a piezoactuator. The characteristics of a piezoactuator are received for astrophysics.
The structural model of the drive for nanobiotechnology is obtained. The structural scheme of the drive is constructed. In nanobiotechnology for the control systems with the drive its deformations are determined.
The mathematical models of a piezoengine are determined for nanomedicine and applied bionics. The structural scheme of a piezoengine is constructed. The matrix equation is obtained for a piezoengine.
In nanosciences research the structural model of an electro elastic engine is constructed. Its structural scheme of is received. For an engine its matrix equation of the deformations are obtained in the decisions of the precision control systems. The parameters of an engine are determined.
The structural model of an engine for nanochemistry is obtained. The structural scheme of an engine is constructed. For the control systems in nanochemistry with an elecro elastic engine its characteristics are determined.
The generalized parametric structural schematic diagram, the generalized structural-parametric model, and the generalized matrix transfer function of an electromagnetoelastic actuator with output parameters displacements are determined by solving the wave equation with the Laplace transform, using the equation of the electromagnetolasticity in the general form, the boundary conditions on the loaded working surfaces of the actuator, and the strains along the coordinate axes. The parametric structural schematic diagram and the transfer functions of the electromagnetoelastic actuator are obtained for the calculation of the control systems for the nanomechanics. The structural-parametric model of the piezoactuator for the transverse, longitudinal, and shift piezoelectric effects are constructed. The dynamic and static characteristics of the piezoactuator with output parameter displacement are obtained.
The stiffness and elastic flexibility of a multilayer piezoactuator for nano- and micro-displacements were studied. Its mechanical and control characteristics are constructed and its stiffness and elastic flexibility are determined taking into account the type of control. Keywords: multilayer piezo-actuator, stiffness, deformation, elastic flexibility, nano- and microdisplacement. eduems@mail.ru
Structural-parametric models and parametric structural schematic diagrams of electromagnetoelastic actuators are obtained. The transfer functions of the actuators are determined from structural parametric models. For calculations robotics and mechatronics systems with piezoactuators the parametric structural schematic diagrams and the transfer functions of piezoactuators are obtained.
The dynamic characteristics of piezoelectric nano- and micromotors with parallel and code control in longitudinal and transverse piezoelectric effects are determined. Corresponding transfer functions are obtained.
A structural parametric model of the multilayer electro-magneto-elastic actuator of nano and micro displacements is obtained based on solving matrix equations and used to find its transfer functions. Static and dynamic characteristics of such actuator are calculated. Multidimensional structural parametric model and parametric structural block diagram of the actuator are constructed. The way its geometric and physical parameters as well as the external load affect the actuator’s static and dynamic characteristics is found.
A generalized structural and parametric model of a multilayer electromagnetic converter is constructed, and the influence
of the geometric and dynamic parameters of the converter and the external load on the static and dynamic characteristics is
obtained. The transfer functions of the multilayer electromagnetoelastic converter for electromechanical nano- and microdrives
are determined.
Piezoconverters for micromovement drives
- S M Afonin
Multilayer piezo actuators and their applications
- V K Kazakov
- V M Klimashin
- V G Nikiforov
Structural-parametric model of a piezonanomotor
- S M Afonin
Pretsizionnye elektromekhanicheskie sistemy (Precision Electromechanical Systems)
- S M Afonin