No full-text available
To read the full-text of this research,
you can request a copy directly from the author.
Abstract
During the year 2019–2020 India devoted 2.3 million hectares of land to the organic farming sector and became the world’s biggest producer of organic farming products. In relation to this, this article reports the yearly progress details of India’s organic farming sector in chronological order, analyzing the growth of the organic farming sector in India and its major milestones. Authenticated data pertaining to the key indicators of India’s organic farming sector from 2003 to date have been collected and analyzed. Data pertaining to land-related key indicators such as areal extent of organic land, areal extent of wild collections, number of organic producers, processors, and exporters in India as well as organic market-related factors such as production quantity, export volume, and export value are analyzed in detail. Wherever required, both the source data and outcome of the analyzed results were cross validated using multiple reference articles and web content mining. At the end, the importance of developing and deploying a Geographic Information System-based Decision Support System (GIS-DSS) under the banner of the National Organic Farming Atlas of India is recommended, which will certainly enhance the growth status of the organic farming sector of India right from the taluk, district, and state level.
ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any citations for this publication.
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Food quality and safety are the two important factors that have gained ever-increasing attention in general consumers. Conventionally grown foods have immense adverse health effects due to the presence of higher pesticide residue, more nitrate, heavy metals, hormones, antibiotic residue, and also genetically modified organisms. Moreover, conventionally grown foods are less nutritious and contain lesser amounts of protective antioxidants. In the quest for safer food, the demand for organically grown foods has increased during the last decades due to their probable health benefits and food safety concerns. Organic food production is defined as cultivation without the application of chemical fertilizers and synthetic pesticides or genetically modified organisms, growth hormones, and antibiotics. The popularity of organically grown foods is increasing day by day owing to their nutritional and health benefits. Organic farming also protects the environment and has a greater socio-economic impact on a nation. India is a country that is bestowed with indigenous skills and potentiality for growth in organic agriculture. Although India was far behind in the adoption of organic farming due to several reasons, presently it has achieved rapid growth in organic agriculture and now becomes one of the largest organic producers in the world. Therefore, organic farming has a great impact on the health of a nation like India by ensuring sustainable development.
Every technology or interference in the natural ecosystem has its own side effect; from last half a century we are using the pesticides and herbicides indiscriminately to raise the crop production, but now its ill effect visible for us. Story of Malwa region of Punjab (cancer belt) and Kerala's endosulfan tragedy are epitome example of it. Now we achieve the self-sufficiency in food grain production our next motto to serve healthy food to people. We are looking for alternative nature based chemical free farming and that is organic farming. It also helps to get the premium price by exporting the chemical free agriculture commodity to the developed countries, day by day demand for healthy and residue free food increase all over the world as well as country itself. People are now ready to pay extra amount if they are ensured that they are purchasing geniunely raised food through natural system. Thus strengthening the certification process in country is must.
In 2016, India ranked 1st in terms of organic producers with 8.35 lakh (13.5%) and 3rd in terms of organic area under cultivation with 4.2 million hectare (10.5%) of the world. In 2017, out of the 1003 affiliates of IFOAM-Organics International from 127 countries, India possessed 111 of them. It has been forecasted that for the coming years, Indian organic farming will attain a CAGR of more than 25%. This paper reviews the production status of organic vegetables in India for five years from 2015-2019. The purpose for selecting organic vegetables is because these are readily available to the common masses for immediate consumption and India is the second important organic vegetable grower. Recent studies have concluded that organic vegetables are safer to consume than the non-organic ones due to lower nitrate and cadmium content; and lesser pesticide residues. Worldwide only 0.7 % of the organic land was devoted to the cultivation of vegetables, while India offered 14.3 %of its organic area for vegetable cultivation in 2016.In 2009-10, fruits and vegetables (30%) together had the largest organic share in India’s crop production. The challenges faced by the organic growers are the insufficient marketing policies and channels and the biological characteristics of vegetables.
India produces a large variety of food crops including cereals, pulses, and oilseeds. In the name of increased productivity, indiscriminate application of an enormous quantity of chemical fertilizers is being followed keeping the health factor at bay. Hence an alternative method of farming is of urgent need which could satisfy the needs of increased food production as well as providing security against any potential health problem. Organic farming has been proved as a solution to both of these problems. Also since the need for the prerequisites for organic farming is less as compared to chemical farming, therefore, in a country like India where the agriculture is highly influenced by the vagaries of various biotic and abiotic factors, organic farming is capable enough to provide economic security to the mediocre farmers as well. However, with the policies implemented by the government of India to encourage organic farming regarding the commencement, implementation and the marketing of organic food products as well as the increasing demand of the organic products in the domestic as well as international market, there is ample scope for organic food industries to expand and generate revenue for strengthening the Indian economy.
Land suitability analysis for agriculture plays a key role in sustainable agricultural production. The aim of this study is to develop suitability maps for major agricultural crops using multi-criteria spatial analysis for Aiyar basin - a sub-basin of Cauvery basin in Central Tamil Nadu as a case study. The main criteria such as soil, topography, irrigation and socio-economic factors and 18 sub-criteria (soil depth, drainage, texture, pH, salinity, sodicity, CEC, organic carbon, base saturation, slope,
erosion, geomorphology, canal, groundwater, irrigation intensity, agricultural labour availability, cultivators and agricultural credit banks) were used for the suitability analysis. All the criteria used
for the suitability classification were not equally important; each criterion would contribute towards the crop growth and yield at different levels. Hence, the relative importance of these criteria was formulated on the basis of the guidelines of the National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning (NBSS & LUP) as adapted to local conditions. The Geographic Information System (GIS) based Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method was used to determine the weight and rating for each criterion. Then the criterion layers were classified into four suitability classes which were high (S1), moderate (S2), marginal (S3), and not suitable (N). After the spatial overlaying of all criterion layers, crop-land suitability maps for paddy, pulses, maize and cashew were prepared. The results revealed that 18.93 %, 22.34 %, 20.37 % and 19.89 % of the study area were highly suitable for cultivating paddy, pulses, maize and cashew respectively. The results of suitability analysis could provide assistance for local farmers and decision makers to select suitable crops that are most
adaptable to the land characteristics.
Machine learning has emerged with big data technologies and high-performance computing to create new opportunities for data intensive science in the multi-disciplinary agri-technologies domain. In this paper, we present a comprehensive review of research dedicated to applications of machine learning in agricultural production systems. The works analyzed were categorized in (a) crop management, including applications on yield prediction, disease detection, weed detection crop quality, and species recognition; (b) livestock management, including applications on animal welfare and livestock production; (c) water management; and (d) soil management. The filtering and classification of the presented articles demonstrate how agriculture will benefit from machine learning technologies. By applying machine learning to sensor data, farm management systems are evolving into real time artificial intelligence enabled programs that provide rich recommendations and insights for farmer decision support and action.
p> In recent years, the Government of India has come up with policy initiatives to promote organic food for domestic market and exports. Such measures are expected to increase investment in organic food manufacturing and retailing, and create employment. Indian entrepreneurs have responded positively to these initiatives and a number of start-ups have come up in this sector. Many conventional food manufacturers, retailers, and exporters have diversified their businesses to include organic food products. India’s trade in organic food products has also increased.
This paper, based on a primary survey of companies engaged in organic food business in India, analyses their reasons for entering the organic business, their business models and sourcing process, how they work with organic farmers, what opportunities and risks they perceive, and what they want from the Indian government in terms of policies and incentives. It also examines the companies’ perception about the growth of this sector, and makes policy recommendations on how organic food can attract investment across the food supply chain and continue on a high growth trajectory. </p
The phrase "organic" consigns to the approach that farmers implement to cultivate and process different agricultural products in eco-friendly ways. This ingenuity of biotechnological intervention leads to organic food and non-toxic energy. In order to encourage organic soil and water conservation and diminish pollution, organic farming with the application of biotechnology is being promoted among farmers. Farmers are being educated to use natural methods to fertilize crops, manage weeds and to avert livestock infections occurring due to chemicals released from industrial products. This research paper focuses to restrain and check chemical pollution and facilitate organic farming specifically for small farmers. It emphasizes on the benefit of practicing organic farming over conventional farming, and sustainable issues faced by farmers while putting into practice. Organic food for the community can be generated by the joint effort of government and entrepreneurs. An effort is made to analyze the environment for the posterity assessing the present progress of organic farming in India. It argues on the issues pertaining to augmentation and motivation of farmers for implementation of biotechnology through policy making; which can support the feasibility of farmers. This article shall emphasize on the significance of organic farming along with marketing of organic food products and its export in India.
Increasing the nutrient use efficiency in major food production systems has always been a major concern because of escalating costs of production of crops, especially with regard to nutrient management. 'Researcher- designed farmer managed trials' were conducted during 2013-14 through farmer participatory research covering the major food production systems in India. A total of 144 trials in rice-rice, 156 in rice-wheat, 48 in rice-green gram and 60 in maize- wheat systems were conducted with 7 treatments. Across the various National Agricultural Research Project zones and cropping systems, farmers applied 29%, 25%, 71% and 100% lower level of N, P2O5, K2O and micronutrients respectively, than the recommended dose. Application of recommended dose of NPK + deficient micronutrients in all the systems recorded higher yield over farmer package. Balanced application of recommended NPK + deficit micronutrients gave additional yield. The increase in agronomic efficiency (AE) of nitrogen (two times on an average), phosphorus (45%) and potassium (60%), partial factor productivity and relative response was also observed with the balanced application compared to N, NP and NK alone. Higher increase of AE of N and P was observed in rice-rice system while AE of K was observed in rice-wheat system. Increase in net returns was found to be 24.9%, 63.3%, 27.4% and 92.2% with the application of NPK + deficient micronutrients over farmer practice in rice-rice, rice- wheat, rice-green gram and maize-wheat systems respectively, whereas the increase in cost of cultivation due to addition of P, K and micronutrients was found to be only 4.8%, 7.3%, 13.0% and 17.9% for the respective systems.
Green revolution technologies played a great role in alleviating hunger but have also resulted in some adverse effects on our natural resources. Due to these adverse effects, stress is being laid on alternate forms of agriculture that are more sustainable. Organic farming, a holistic way of farming, is one of these alternate forms that are aimed at sustainable agricultural production. It relies on crop rotations, green manures, organic manures, biofertilizers, composts and biological pest management for crop production excluding or strictly limiting the use of synthetic fertilizers, chemical pesticides, plant growth regulators and livestock feed additives. No doubt, the advantages of organic farming outweigh its disadvantages but in practical it has several constraints viz. threat to national food security, limited availability of organic manures, profitability to farmers and affordability of organic produce by consumers. Thus, a complete shift to organic farming is neither desirable nor possible in high input use areas which are the major contributors of food grains to central pool. Systematic phasing out of agrochemicals and synthetic fertilizers in these areas may be a step in right direction. ‘Towards organic’ (integrated crop management) approach for input-intensive areas (food hubs) and ‘certified organic’ approach by integrating tradition, innovation and science in the de-facto organic areas (hill and rainfed/dryland regions) will be better option for national food security, higher household income and climate resilience.
This paper focuses on the present status and prospects of organic farming in India. India is endowed with various types of naturally available organic form of nutrients in different parts of the country and it will help for organic cultivation of crops substantially.
Uttarakhand is covered with 64.76% of its area under Himalayan forest providing the exquisite biodiversity and differences in climate with a miscellany of flora and fauna. Therefore creates great scope for the development of organic farming in rural areas to boost the rural economies. But organic farming is not very much evolved in this state due to lack of adequate transportation services and other socioeconomic reasons. Remote sensing and GIS can play an important role in the identification of the suitable zones for the development of organic farming in more facile manner. In this paper a methodology is proposed to identify the suitable zones in the state for the development of the organic farming using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Geospatial techniques to boost rural economies and promote rural tourism to make self-sustainable villages.
This study represents the efficacy of AHP and weighted overlay model for the site suitability analysis of organic farming in the study area.
Increasing consciousness about conservation of environment as well as health hazards associated with agrochemicals and consumers' preference to safe and hazard-free food are the major factors that lead to the growing interest in alternate forms of agriculture in the world. Organic agriculture is one among the broad spectrum of production methods that are supportive of the environment. The demand for organic food is steadily increasing both in the developed and developing countries with an annual average growth rate of 20-25%. Organic agriculture, without doubt, is one of the fastest-growing sectors of agricultural production. However, there are certain issues that should be clarified before we go for a large-scale conversion to organic agriculture. The most important issues are - Can organic farming produce enough food for everybody? Is it possible to meet the nutrient requirements of crops entirely from organic sources? Are there any significant environmental benefits that accrue from organic farming? Is the food produced by organic farming superior in quality? Is it economically feasible? In this article, we review these aspects of organic farming. In India, vast stretches of arable land, which are mainly rain-fed and found in the Northeastern region where negligible amount of fertilizers and pesticides are being used and have low productivity, could be exploited as potential areas for organic agriculture. Considering the potential environmental benefits of organic production and its compatibility with integrated agricultural approaches to rural development, organic agriculture may be considered as a development vehicle for developing countries like India, in particular.
Numerous reports have emphasized the need for major changes in the global food system: agriculture must meet the twin challenge of feeding a growing population, with rising demand for meat and high-calorie diets, while simultaneously minimizing its global environmental impacts. Organic farming—a system aimed at producing food with minimal harm to ecosystems, animals or humans—is often proposed as a solution. However, critics argue that organic agriculture may have lower yields and would therefore need more land to produce the same amount of food as conventional farms, resulting in more widespread deforestation and biodiversity loss, and thus undermining the environmental benefits of organic practices. Here we use a comprehensive meta-analysis to examine the relative yield performance of organic and conventional farming systems globally. Our analysis of available data shows that, overall, organic yields are typically lower than conventional yields. But these yield differences are highly contextual, depending on system and site characteristics, and range from 5% lower organic yields (rain-fed legumes and perennials on weak-acidic to weak-alkaline soils), 13% lower yields (when best organic practices are used), to 34% lower yields (when the conventional and organic systems are most comparable). Under certain conditions—that is, with good management practices, particular crop types and growing conditions—organic systems can thus nearly match conventional yields, whereas under others it at present cannot. To establish organic agriculture as an important tool in sustainable food production, the factors limiting organic yields need to be more fully understood, alongside assessments of the many social, environmental and economic benefits of organic farming systems.
With growing interest in extending GIS to support multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods, enhancing GIS-based MCDM with sensitivity analysis (SA) procedures is crucial to understand the model behavior and its limitations. This paper presents a novel approach of examining multi-criteria weight sensitivity of a GIS-based MCDM model. It explores the dependency of model output on the weights of input parameters, identifying criteria that are especially sensitive to weight changes and to show the impacts of changing criteria weights on the model outcomes in spatial dimension. A methodology was developed to perform simulations where the weights associated with all criteria used for suitability modelling were varied one-at-a-time (OAT) to investigate their relative impacts on the final evaluation results. A tool which incorporates the OAT method with the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) within the ArcGIS environment was implemented. It permits a range of user defined simulations to be performed to quantitatively evaluate model dynamic changes, measures the stability of results with respect to the variation of different parameter weights, and displays spatial change dynamics. A case study of irrigated cropland suitability assessment addressing the application of the new GIS-based AHP-SA tool is described. It demonstrates that the tool is spatial, simple and flexible.
Impact of pesticides use in agriculture: their benefits and hazards
The World of Organic Agriculture: Statistics and Emerging Trends
There is an increasing demand for organic farming as an environmentally friendly alternative to industrial agricultural system. Organic farming is a method of crop production that does not involve pesticides, fertilizers, genetically modified organisms,
and growth hormones. Organic farming yields vital benefits as preservation of soil's organic composition, fertility, structure and biodiversity, reduce erosion and
reduce the risks of human, animal, and environmental exposure to toxic materials. This paper proposes a software enabled platform for supporting sustainability of organic agriculture system, which has been implemented as a proof of concept in Sri Lanka. The
paper presents a predictive analytics based service platform that not only supports farming decisions of organic farmers but also offers an electronic market place for organic foods. The proposed system is capable of predicting organic harvests, prices and provide decision support on crop selection for upcoming cultivations. To implement this system, machine learning and optimization techniques have been used. In addition,
it also use block chain technology to maintain authentication and identity management of organic farmers so that the consumers can trust they get genuine organic food.
This paper focus on the economic analysis of area, production of organic products and its export in India. India is endowed with various types of naturally available organic form of nutrients in different parts of the country and it helps for organic cultivation of crops substantially. Organic products are grown under a system of agriculture without the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides with an environmentally and socially responsible approach. India's total area under organic certification is 5.69 million hectares in 2013-14 and its global rank is 10th. The growth rate of cultivation of organic area of India is 17.35 per cent; of which wild collection is 10.51 per cent during 2004-2013. Among all the states in India, Uttar Pradesh the has highest area under organic farming followed by Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra in 2011-12. The share of export of organic products in terms of volume to USA (42.16 %) was the highest followed by European Union (32.3 %), Canada (21.68 %). The total volume of export of organic products from India was 177765.26 metric tons worth of Rs. 1328.6 crores during the period of 2013-14. Compound growth rate of export quantity of organic products of India is 46.22 per cent and export value is 34.99 per cent during 2002-03 to 2013-14. India exports around 135 organic products; of which, the share of cotton from India was (54.04 %) followed by cereals and millets (19.79 %) basmati rice (11.00 %) in 2013-14.
A survey was made on certified organic farms in the country to ascertain the real benefits and feasibility of organic farming in terms of the production potential, economics and soil health in comparison to the conventional farms. The study revealed that organic farming, in spite of the reduction in crop productivity by 9.2%, provided higher net profit to farmers by 22.0% compared to conventional farming. This was mainly due to the availability of premium price (20-40%) for the certified organic produce and reduction in the cost of cultivation by 11.7%. In cases, where such premium prices were not available and the cost of cultivation was higher primarily due to purchased off-farm inputs, organic farming was not found economically feasible. However, there was an overall improvement in soil quality in terms of various parameters, viz. physical, chemical, biological properties, availability of macro- and micronutrients, indicating an enhanced soil health and sustainability of crop production in organic farming systems.
This paper serves as an introduction to the Analytic Hierarchy Process - A multicriteria decision making approach in which factors are arranged in a hierarchic structure. The principles and the philosophy of the theory are summarized giving general background information of the type of measurement utilized, its properties and applications.
Organic farm production and trade has emerged as an important sector in the world in general and India in particulars, and is seen as an important strategy of facilitating sustainable development. The organic management area in India is increased by about 26 folds in last seven years. The top organically managed commodities produced are cotton, cereals, rice, pulses, fruits and vegetables, tea, oilseeds, coffees etc. The Madhya Pradesh stood first (2.86 million ha) in organic farming registered area (including wild area) in 2010–11, while Gujarat ranked eighth. The export market for organic food in India is valued at Rs. 1,866 crores includes basmati rice, pulses, tea, coffee, spices and oil seeds; and is growing at compound annual growth rate of 49% in last four years ending 2011–12. The volume of organic products export was 1,47,800 metric tonnes during 2011–12. This paper locates the prospects, status and marketing of organic farming and documents the Indian experience in organic production and trade.
The aim of this study was to determine suitable lands for agricultural use in the Yusufeli district of Artvin city (Turkey), where the current agricultural land in the district center and 3 villages will be completely inundated while the land in 22 villages will be partially inundated due to three large dams currently being constructed. The “Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)” method, commonly used in land use suitability analysis, was utilized in this study. In application, the parameters of great soil group, land use capability class, land use capability sub-class, soil depth, slope, aspect, elevation, erosion degree and other soil properties were used. In determining the weights of the parameters, experts’ opinions were consulted, and the agricultural land suitability map generated was divided into 5 categories according to the land suitability classification of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). After deducting the forests, pastures and reservoir areas from the reclassified suitability map, it was estimated that 0.08% of the study area (177.87 ha) is highly suitable for agricultural production, while 1.55% (3578.33 ha) is moderately suitable and 6.3% (14575.91 ha) is marginally suitable for agricultural production. In addition, it was found that the proportion of land that is currently unsuitable for agricultural production is 2.24% (5183.63 ha), while the amount of land that is permanently unsuitable is 3.42% (7923.39 ha). It was also determined that the following facts were all effective factors in reaching these results: a substantial portion (approximately 85%) of the study area is covered with forests and pastures, the soil depth is inadequate for agricultural production, the slope in the study area is quite high and, accordingly, the erosion degree is high.
Efforts to increase the availability of sustainable development in natural resources worldwide are consecutive and proliferated through the last decades. Sectors and divisions of many scientific networks are working simultaneously in separate schemas or in joined multitudinous projects and international co-operations. Organic Agriculture, as a later evolution of farming systems, was derived from trying to overcome the accumulative environmental and socioeconomic problems of industrialized communities and shows rapid development during the last decades. Its products day to day gain increased part of consumer preferences while product prices are rather higher than those of the traditional agriculture. Governments all over the world try to reduce the environmental effects of the industrialized agriculture, overproduction and environmental pollution, encouraging those who want to place their fields among others that follow the rules of organic agriculture. All the above make this new trend very attractive and promising. But the rules in organic agriculture are very restrictive. The intensive pattern of cultivation worldwide and the abuse of chemical inputs, affected the environment, therefore any field expected to be cultivated under the rules of organic agriculture has to follow certain steps but also be ‘protected ’ from the surrounding plots controlling at the same time different kind of
Indian consumers and organic product-with special reference to North India
- Baisakhi Mukherjee
Growth of organic food industry in India
- V Manaloor
- D Srivastava
- S Islam
Organic food business in India: A survey of companies ISSN 2470-4407 (Print) ISSN 2470-4393
- A Mukherjee
- A Kappor
- S Dutta
Towards a healthier nation: Organic farming and government policies in India
- M Yadav
Organic input production and marketing in India - Efficiency, issues and policies, CMA Publication No. 239, First edition 2010 and Second Publication from Allied Publishers Pvt Ltd dated
- D K Charyulu
- S Biswas
Export of organic products: Opportunities and challenges
- H M Ummyiah
- S Narayan
- P Kumar
- A Nabi
- M Ajaz
- M Magray
- HM Ummyiah
The analytic hierarchy process
- T L Saaty
Mathematical models for decision support (NATO ASI series F: Computer and systems sciences
- T L Saaty
The world of organic agriculture, statistics and emerging trends-2008, IFOAM & FiBL Organic International, International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM) & Research Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBL
- H Willer
- M Yussefi-Menzler
The world of organic agriculture, statistics and emerging trends-2013, FiBL & IFOAM Organic International. International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM) & Research Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBL
- H Willer
- J Lernoud
Organic food and farming: A system approach to meet the sustainability challenge, International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements EU Group
- U Niggli
- C Schader
- M Stolze
- Landbau
The world of organic agriculture, statistics and emerging trends-2020, FiBL & IFOAM Organic International, International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM) & Research Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBL
- H Willer
- B Schlatter
- J Travnicek
- L Kemper
The world of organic agriculture, statistics and emerging trends-2021, FiBL & IFOAM Organic International, International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM) & Research Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBL
- H Willer
- J Travnicek
- C Meier
Promoting organic food products and exports - Status, issues and way forward
- A Mukherjee
- S Dutta
- D Mendiratta
- A Kapoor
- T M Goyal
Market opportunities and challenges for Indian Organic Products, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FIBL) and ACNielsen ORGMARG, Swiss State Secretariat of Economic Affairs
- V G Salvador
- J Katke
Understanding the opportunities and risks in organic food businesses case studies of companies in India and the UK, Working Paper, No: 561. IIMB-WP N0. 561, Study sponsored by Amway India Enterprises Private Limited
- S Dutta
- A Mukherjee
- A Kapoor
Organic farming in India: Relevance, problems and constraints, National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development. Occasional Paper - 38
- S Narayanan
Potential for trade of organic products from India, Export-Import Bank of India (EXIM Bank). Occasional Paper No.174
- S Prahalathan
- S Sarkar
- S Kaur
Report on Impact Study of Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana, Submitted to Department of Agriculture Cooperation and Farmer’s Welfare, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmer’s Welfare, National Institute of Agricultural Extension Management (MANAGE)
- R A Amarender
Unstarred question no.306, Answered on the 4th February, 2020 under the title of Assistance for Agricultural Practices by Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Department of Agriculture, Cooperation and Farmers welfare
- Lok Government Of India
- Sabha
titled Organic Food Industry: Problems and Prospects Department of Banking & Business Economics, Faculty of commerce
- Priyasoni
Status of organic farming in India
- P Ramesh
- N R Panwar
- A B Singh
- S Ramana
- S K Yadav
- R Shirvastava
- A S Rao