The Current Political Situation in Afghanistan: A Critical Analysis

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72 Shaheed Benazir Journal of Humanities & Social Sciences
©Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Chair
University of Karachi
The Current Political Situation in Afghanistan: A Critical Analysis
Naila Patras
Department of Political Science
Federal Urdu University of Arts, Sciences & Technology, Karachi
Shakir Hussain
Department of Political Science
East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
Muhammad Ismail
Department of Political Science
Federal Urdu University of Arts, Sciences & Technology, Karachi
Haris Ahsan
Department of Business Administration
Iqra University, Karachi
ABSTRACT
In the current governance condition, the Taliban government in Kabul is
experiencing internal and external issues after two months in power. No country
has acknowledged the Taliban due to the human rights violations in Afghanistan at
the international level. This time, the Taliban administration is employing a double
standard before the international community, claiming and promising to protect
human rights, practically women’s rights, in education, health, economics, and
politics. Still, the Taliban are not fulfilling their pledges and promises. After Russia
invaded Kabul in 1979-1990, the state's situation changed. On October 20, 2021,
Russia called a conference in Moscow on Afghanistan to examine the present status
of the people. Many other nations' representatives attended the meeting, but it failed
to resolve the Taliban government because the Taliban never altered their Islamism
to secularism policy. Pakistan held an OIC-led international conference on
Afghanistan to address the state of affairs in Afghanistan and to assist Afghan
people in obtaining supplies and food. The 57-nation Organization of Islamic
Cooperation is holding a special session in Islamabad on December 19 to abate
Afghanistan’s hunger and crisis. In this research paper, the whole scenario is
discussed.
Keywords: Taliban, Russia, USA, Pakistan, OIC, Political, Economic, Women,
Hunan Rights

Naila Patras, Shakir Hussain, Muhammad Ismail, Haris Ahsan 73
Introduction
Kabul’s antiquity originated in 1880, with the conclusion of the subsequent Anglo-Afghan
warfare, when it became a concern. The British fought three wars to maintain control of the
territory (Collins, 2011). Afghan kings and British India's first conflict. British transmitted a
military to Afghanistan from 1838 to 1842 to substitute Dost Muhammad with Shah Shuja al
Mulk, a pro-British ruler. British Indian troops in Kabul were decimated during their
withdrawal to Jalalabad in 1841, which ended Shuja's rule (1842). Despite British forces
leaving Afghanistan, Kabul was retaken the following year. Dost Muhammad is intended to be
replaced by shoji by the British, who think Dost has close ties to Russia. On the other hand,
Dost Muhammad aims to balance connections and authority healthy. On January 6, 1842, the
British invaded Kabul with 45,000 men. Shoji was killed in the assault, and the British retreated
from the city. In 1843, the Kabul throne was restored to Dost Muhammad (Malkasian, 2021).
Russian authority was resisted during the subsequent fight, which took place between 1878 and
1880. With ratifying the Treaty of Gandamak, Britain acquired territory and the right to
maintain a residence in Kabul (1879). Sir Louis Cavagnari, the Resident, was killed in Kabul
the same year in September, and until the British departed, several conflicts were waged. The
third war started in 1919, and the Afghan commander in charge at the time, Habibullah,
successfully upheld a non-interference policy throughout the conflict. His son Amanullah Khan
took over the kingdom when Abdullah Khan was assassinated by anti-British insurgents on
February 20, 1919. Even though he was defeated, Amanullah, the new amir of Afghanistan,
attacked British India and achieved Afghanistan's independence through the Treaty of
Rawalpindi (1919).
On August 8, 1919, it was signed in Rawalpindi between Afghanistan and Great Britain.
Following Article 5 of the Treaty of Versailles, Britain acknowledged Afghanistan's
independence, vowed not to let British India encroach over the Khyber Pass, and stopped
providing aid to Afghanistan. Consequently, Afghanistan agreed that the Durand Line (1893)
should serve as the international border separating the two nations as sovereign states
(Malejacq, 2019).
Amanullah Khan pushed for several Western-style reforms in law, education, and women's
rights. The modifications, which were viewed negatively by the general public, infuriated

74 The Current Political Situation in Afghanistan: A Critical Analysis
several religious and tribal leaders. One of the Pashtun tribes rose in revolt in 1928, sparking
the Afghan Civil War. After the Afghan Civil War (1928–1929) lasted a year, Amanullah Khan
was banished for good. In the aftermath, Mohammad Nadir Khan, a Dost Muhammad Khan
ancestor, visited Afghanistan in 1929 and was crowned Shah of Afghanistan. Nadir Shah, who
had ruled for eleven years, was assassinated in 1933, and his 19-year-old son Mohammad Zahir
Shah took over as ruler (Andre, 2018).
In 1973, his cousin Mohammed Daoud Khan deposed Afghanistan's ruler, Shah Mohammed
Zahir Shah, and founded Afghanistan's Daoud Republic. Following the Saur Revolution in
April of the same year, a military coup d'état, assisted by the People's Democratic Party of
Afghanistan (PDPA), climbed to power. Nur Mohammad Taraki, Fellow communist
Hafizullah Amin assassinated the country and party's first communist leader in Afghanistan.
Amin was known for his independence, patriotism, and ruthlessness as a leader. He is accused
of murdering tens of thousands of Afghan people. In Afghanistan and Soviet Central Asia, the
Soviet Union saw him as dangerous to communism. Soviet troops murdered Amin and his 200
guards in December 1979.
The Soviet army surged into Afghanistan after the killing, and the Soviet authorities compelled
it. Babrak Karmal will depart Czechoslovakia as Afghan ambassador and return to Afghanistan
as the country's next leader. The Soviet Union saw Karmal as a failure because of the rise in
violence and crime under his presidency. Mohammad Najibullah took his position and
remained in power until 1992, three years after the Soviet soldiers departed. The Republic of
Afghanistan continued to face Mujahedeen assaults after the Soviets left. Until 1991, when the
Soviet Union fell apart, they got financing and weaponry from the Soviet Union. Over several
years, the regime army had enhanced its effectiveness beyond anything seen under the Soviet
military presence. However, the government suffered a severe setback in 1992 when Abdul
Rashid Dostum, a top leader, substituted commitments to the Mujahedeen, and they conquered
Kabul jointly (Rabbani, 2015).
Geography of Afghanistan
Afghanistan is a non-coastal country that covers over 599,611 four-sided kilometers.
Afghanistan is located in Central Asia and borders Pakistan to the north and west, Iran to the
east, Turkmenistan to the south, Uzbekistan to the west, and Tajikistan to the southwest. The

Naila Patras, Shakir Hussain, Muhammad Ismail, Haris Ahsan 75
Wakhan Corridor is a little sliver of territory connecting northern Afghanistan to China.
Tajikistan is 1,206 kilometers from China, Iran is 936 kilometers, Pakistan is 2,430 kilometers,
Turkmenistan is 744 kilometers, and Uzbekistan is 137 kilometers away (August 2008). The
communist government signed a deal with the Soviet Union in December of that year, prompting the
Soviet Union to supply Afghanistan with significant military help the following year. Several Islamic
rebel organizations, known as mujahedeen, or "warriors," began fighting the Soviet-backed regime.
Pakistani fighters fought in Afghanistan, capturing land and encouraging Afghan soldiers to desert.
In September 1979, the Afghan government, which the Soviet Union backed, asked Soviet
soldiers to assist in combating the increasing Islamic insurgency. In December of that year,
Soviet troops landed in Afghanistan to help Afghan forces (New York Times).
An insurgency started the civil war against the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan,
which had taken control after the Saur Revolution on April 27, 1978. This episode indirectly
caused the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. The Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan on
December 24, 1979, pretending to enforce the Soviet-Afghan Friendship Treaty. When they
ratified the agreement in 1978, the two nations pledged to provide both economic and military
support (Mills, 13 August 2021)
Background of the Study
To end to the fighting, create peace, and reestablish stability in the region, the Taliban and the
United States signed the Doha Agreement on February 28, 2020, in Qatar. In exchange for the
Taliban's vow to prevent al-Qaeda from operating in areas under their control and the
continuation of negotiations between the Taliban and the Kabul government, the deal called
for the withdrawal of all NATO troops from Afghanistan. President Ashraf Ghani escaped to
Oman after the Taliban seized power in Afghanistan on August 15, 2021. The last American
soldier will leave Afghanistan on August 31. As US forces leave, the Taliban celebrates being
independent.
The Taliban and a US delegation met in Qatar on October 8, 2021, to discuss the present
situation in Afghanistan. The banned discussion began on Saturday in Doha and was the first
discussion after the Taliban’s control of power, while US soldiers left Afghanistan in August,
ending a 20-year military presence. The Taliban administration has asked the United States to
relax economic sanctions, thaw out its chattels, and ease restraint at the Afghan central
reservoir. It claims that it must be able to pay its workers and offer services to Afghans,

76 The Current Political Situation in Afghanistan: A Critical Analysis
Governing difficulties, rising security concerns, and economic challenges. However, the
discussion failed to achieve the goals of the Taliban.
Afghan Prime Minister Noor Mohammed Taraki and Soviet Union President Leonid Brezhnev
signed a 20-year alliance, good neighbor, and cooperation pact during a ceremony in the
Kremlin. The nations' collaboration in science, technology, and military forces is ensured by
their own country (Klose, December 6, 1978). At the end of December 1979, the Soviet Union
sent hundreds of soldiers into Afghanistan. Almost instantly, Kabul and large portions of the
country were under complete military and political authority. This episode catalyzed Moscow's
protracted drive to end the Afghan civil war and maintain a friendly, communist government
on its southern border. It was the first and only time the Soviet Union invaded a nation outside
the Eastern Bloc, a geopolitical choice that was roundly condemned the geopolitical choice,
and it marked a turning point in the Cold War. Although the massive, lightning-quick military
actions and brazenness of Soviet political goals were referred to as an "invasion," the term
"intervention" more accurately characterizes these events as the peak of increasing Soviet
power beginning in 1973. Without a doubt, Kremlin officials believed that a quick and total
military takeover would solidify Afghanistan's place as an example of the Brezhnev Doctrine,
which said that once a country became communist, Moscow would never let it revert to
capitalism. The US and its European allies vehemently denounced the Soviet invasion that had
become enmeshed in Kabul. They prepared a number of strategies to persuade Moscow to leave
in the wake of their restraint policy.
The innovative administration faced opposition, leading to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan.
The fighters in Afghanistan’s anti-government insurgents have received backing commencing
a come to of states, notably the United States, Saudi, Islamabad, and other Muslim nations. On
15 May 1988, the final departure of Soviet troops began and was completed on February 15,
1989. The Democratic Republic of Afghanistan was overthrown by mujahedeen opposition
three years after the US withdrew. Following the fall of Kabul in 1996, the Taliban ascended
to power. Mullah Mohammed Omar formed the Taliban in Kandahar in 1994 to impose a
puritanical Islamic order on Afghanistan. The Taliban may trace its origins back to the
Pakistani-trained mujahedeen who fought against the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan.
Haibatullah Akhundzada, the Taliban's current commander, was appointed in May 2016.

Naila Patras, Shakir Hussain, Muhammad Ismail, Haris Ahsan 77
Following the Taliban's conquest of Kabul on September 27, 1996, Uzbek General Dostum
linked up with Tajik Ahmed Shah Massoud to form the Northern Alliance, an anti-Pashtun
military alliance aimed at fighting the Pashtun Taliban. Both parties were supporters of Islamic
radicalism and wanted Sharia rule to be implemented across the country. The Northern alliance
began to receive funding and equipment from Russia and Iran, both of whom were concerned
about the Taliban's growing influence. At the same time, the UAE and Saudi Arabia supported
the Taliban ideologically. Islamabad sponsored the Taliban because they were seen as the only
organization capable of restoring peace in Afghanistan, allowing Pakistan to establish
economic relations with Central Asian republics while also allowing the 3 million Afghans
who had sought refuge in Pakistan to return home. Immediate action is required from the US
and Europe. There isn't much time left to start being much more realistic about the Afghan
economy, the effects of cuts to military and aid spending, and the best way to manage the
phase-down of aid and military spending while concentrating on the limited resources the
Afghan government and economy will have after 2014, (Cordesman, 2012).
The Taliban began attacking areas north of Kabul with planes and artillery in October 1996,
while Dostum and Massoud recruited troops for an invasion. On October 19, the coalition sent
tanks, armored personnel carriers, and heavy armament to the Bagram airbase, marking the
Taliban's first significant victory since losing Kabul. They pushed forward, pledging to take
Kabul, with Massoud's front-line commander saying, "God willing, we will be in Kabul today
or tomorrow." After a struggle that lasted for many days without an apparent breakthrough, the
Alliance was forced to retreat to northern positions. The Taliban attacked General Dostum's
land on May 20, 1997, forcing part of his troops, led by General Abdul Malik, to mutiny and
join the Taliban. As a result, he fled Afghanistan and sought sanctuary in Uzbekistan, leaving
much of his army behind. Mazari Sharif was given to the Taliban by the newly Taliban-friendly
troops. Their hardline attitude towards Shiite Muslims, however, soon, there was a battle
between Hazara militias and the Taliban due to this , early in 1989, the final Soviet forces left
Afghanistan, leaving the Afghan communist state to fight in a civil war. Despite outlasting
expectations in the absence of its patron, Najibullah's administration finally fell in April 1992.
Kabul was put under the rule of a mujahidin temporary administration. In contrast, local
militias grabbed control of the majority of the remaining territory, funded by foreign sponsors,
arms trafficking, and drug dealing country as the ruler of Kabul ( Evans, Nick Manning, Yasin
Osmani, 2004).

78 The Current Political Situation in Afghanistan: A Critical Analysis
On September 9, 2001
On September 9, 2001, a suicide bomber dressed as a journalist gained access to Ahmed Shah
Massoud's office and blew him up. The suicide bomber and one of Massoud's followers were
killed, while the Afghan commander's men killed a second person posing as a journalist.
Shrapnel from the device, hidden in the camera or hung about one of the terrorists' waists, hit
Massoud in the chest. After being evacuated to Tajikistan for medical care, Massoud passed
away. On September 9, 2001, Massoud was killed by two al-Qaeda assassins in a suicide
bombing authorized by al-Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden. Is the attack leaving the Northern
Alliance without a leader, thereby removing the remaining obstacle to the Taliban's total state
control? As some had anticipated, it would result in anarchy. The Northern Alliance remained
together and participated in Operation Enduring Freedom alongside the United States and its
allies. The Northern Alliance had 11,000 troops, whereas the Taliban had 45,000 at the time of
Massoud's death. Due to the 3000 individuals who died in the twin tower and the global trade
Centre attacks, the world's scenario altered after 9/11. The United States accused Al Qaeda,
(Gaddis, 1987).
The Settlements (Doha talks) sometimes also denote a peace process involving the Taliban on
one side and the US on the other. The majority of observers, however, see this procedure more
as a tactical move than as an indication of the parties' sincere desire for peace. In order to
facilitate the withdrawal of military forces in 2014, the US' departure strategy includes a
political deal with the Taliban. This agreement would create a narrative about a settlement.
According to Al-Jazeera news, On May 2, 2011, US Special Forces assassinated Osama bin
Laden, the leader of Al-Qaeda, in Pakistan after he acknowledged responsibility for the 9/11
attacks. Following a 20-year struggle, the US wants to withdraw its troops from Afghanistan.
Obama declared that 8,400 US soldiers would stay in Afghanistan through 2017 on July
(Greenwood, 2013).
In February 2020, the US and the Afghan Taliban agreed on a cease-fire, under which the US
would withdraw its soldiers from Afghanistan. With the signing of this historic deal, the United
States' longest-running conflict with the Afghan Taliban insurgency came to an end. It focused
around an agreement wherein the US would withdraw troops in exchange for Taliban
guarantees that Afghan territory wouldn't be used for international terrorism. American
negotiators, who believed that such actions were the cause of the attacks, pushed the Afghan
Taliban to make a promise that they would not repeat the actions that resulted in the 9/11

Naila Patras, Shakir Hussain, Muhammad Ismail, Haris Ahsan 79
terrorist attacks against the United States for the majority of the negotiation process. The
Afghan Taliban at the time reportedly received up to $20 million annually from al-Qaeda in
exchange for providing al-Qaeda with a safe haven. Afghanistan served as an ideal location for
Al-Qaeda to establish training camps. The Taliban agreed to stop attacking US troops in
exchange for cutting ties with al-Qaeda and the Trump administration agreed to withdraw US
troops by May 1, 2021 (Mir, 2020).
President Joe Biden stated he would back Trump's departure agreement on April 14, 2021, but
that the deadline will be extended one more. By September 11, 2021, the 20th anniversary of
the events of 9/11, he asserts, all US soldiers will have left Afghanistan.
Taliban’s Take over Afghanistan
After bearing many invasions and a long-standing struggle by the Taliban in September 1996,
they took over Kabul for the first time in the history of Afghanistan (Taliban, a group of local
insurgence and local mujahedeen’s, supported by USA, Pakistan, and Saudi Arab against the
invasion of USSR, who occupied the whole land of Afghan after the disintegration of USSR in
1989). Mullah Omar proclaimed, Afghanistan will then be governed by an all Islamic
administration. The Taliban would later establish a government, which entailed, for the most
part, restoring former ministries and enticing individuals to go back to their places of
employment. Taliban assures the world that they have total control over Kabul, which is absurd.
‘(Clayton Thomas, September 17, 2021).
After a 20-year war, the Taliban took over Kabul with little resistance, and President Ashraf
Ghani fled to Oman. Even though having they powerful intelligence, they failed to assess the
situation accurately tally, and the Taliban captured Kabul soon against their assessment when
the Taliban’s entrance into Kabul, the Afghan (Ghnai’s) government dethroned. This
compelled government to scramble to evacuate nationals and vulnerable Afghans through
Kabul airport, which was under US military control (Kuehn, 2018). After US military forces
withdrew within 20 days, On September 7, 2021, the Taliban announced a “caretaker
government” to rule Afghanistan. The Taliban referred to the new government, the Islamic
Emirates of Afghanistan, as they had been referring to for decades (Thomas, February 17,
2022).

80 The Current Political Situation in Afghanistan: A Critical Analysis
Future of Taliban’s Government
Afghanistan's present situation is dire owing to political, economic, and social upheaval. Since
the terrorist ISIS started to attack Afghanistan, the country's security apparatus has been rocked
by bomb attacks on two mosques in Shia Hazara, as well as attacks on hospitals. The Taliban
government will be unable to provide security to nations. ISIS poses a challenge to the Taliban
on how to deal with them and the worst aspects of economic and social difficulties (Haqqani,
2021). The Taliban's policy in Afghanistan will define Afghanistan's destiny. The Taliban is
well-versed in both domestic and international circumstances.
Kabul is currently experiencing a monetary predicament, which is projected toward get worse
by way of a result of new Western sanctions imposed on the Taliban leadership. The problem
inside the Taliban administration cannot be resolved because they lack the essential experience
in policymaking. It will be difficult for the party to continue to rule, though, if it is not resolved
right away. Economic hardship and unrest might lead to new immigrant influxes that are met
with violent resistance. Other nations' financial support is crucial. The future of the nation is
crucial to the Taliban's foreign policy because their former administration operated as a terrorist
organization. However, today's globe wants to put an end to terrorism, both domestically and
abroad. Since 2001, Al Qaeda and the Taliban have worked together in Afghanistan. Al Qaeda
is a large international terrorist organization. Al Qaeda will not be allowed to conduct terrorist
activities anyplace on the planet, the Taliban have assured the United States and the respite of
the world. Pakistan, Iran, and China have also received guarantees from the Taliban that they
won't be able to use Afghanistan as a safe haven for terrorists operating away in the world.
ISIS, TTP, and other smaller terrorist organizations are present in Afghanistan, but how will
the Taliban continue to exist alongside them?
Because the Taliban forcibly abolished co-education, made it mandatory for all women to cover
their bodies, and ceased hiring women for work in many fields, the forthcoming of females'
rights is reliant on Taliban doctrine. That’s key tenets upon which the Taliban regime is going
to be built are listed below.
 Domestic policies of the Taliban government; if the Taliban do not design their
domestic and external policies by international rules and regulations which are needed
to be, they will face many problems because the international community will not

Naila Patras, Shakir Hussain, Muhammad Ismail, Haris Ahsan 81
recognize the Taliban government as the Afghan government. The international
community would not cooperate in international affairs, which is very important in this
era of interdependence. The Taliban government violates women's rights in these areas
such as education, social life, health, and political participation in the country.
However, the Taliban oppose women's participation in politics as government
members, yet Western countries, Pakistan, China, Iran, Turkey, and the rest of the
world, desire absolute human rights.
 The Taliban's foreign policy is the most critical factor in the twenty-first century; no
country can play in the international world without it. Every country wishes to have a
positive connection with the rest of the globe. Exports and imports are the major bones
of every state today, and no country can meet its demands with its commodities. As a
result, a sound policy is required; exports and imports are the prominent bones of any
state. Now, the Taliban's new government must carry out the UN's and international
law's duties. If the Taliban cannot follow the rules of engagement, they will not be able
to survive in the international community. Women in Afghanistan play a significant
role in the development of society and the country; the mother is the first school to
educate children's minds and character; women's education is the life or death of the
country. However, in the twenty-first century, the Taliban in Afghanistan opposed
women's education, and the international community requested that the Taliban provide
women's education and freedom in society. The Taliban government also prohibits
women from working in the education sector, both in the public and private sectors.
Women's rights, jobs, and the Hijab are all subject to personal choice, but the Taliban
army in Afghanistan is enraged by secular countries. They demand that women in
Afghanistan have the same rights as women (Murtazashvili, 2016).
 Terrorism in Afghanistan and the rest of the globe must be eradicated. The Taliban are
well-known terrorist organization around the globe, having slaughtered millions of
people in Afghanistan and Pakistan. Terrorist organizations seized Afghanistan on
August 15, 2021, after the United States and its allies left. After gaining control of
Kabul, the Taliban shifted their focus to controlling terrorism in the country, as
predicted (Dorronsoro, 2009). The Taliban requires the international community to
ensure that terrorist attacks on cities are controlled and stopped. According to other

82 The Current Political Situation in Afghanistan: A Critical Analysis
sources, the Taliban killed Shia Hazara in the region and failed to defeat ISIS. The
primary security failure in Kabul which the local people could not support the US and
Its ally. The Causes and the Consequences of Strategic Failure in Afghanistan (Herd,
2021).
After a long time, the world cannot acknowledge the range to which the recognizing party
accepts the recognized entity in foreign relations. In the context of governments, it indicates
the willingness of the recognizing side to establish or maintain official relations with the
recognized government (Malik, 2021).
In the 2020, the COVID-19 is spread all over the world , due to death ratio and closed the
markets , the Kabul facing lot of issue , is one of many crises facing Afghanistan. Over the last
few decades, wars and internal strife have jeopardized Afghanistan’s public infrastructure
(Mohammad Yasir Essar, Mohammad Mehedi Hasan, 2021).
Pakistan has a vital role in bringing peace and prosperity to the region; Pakistan is trying to
bring peace in Kabul with diplomacy and negations; Pakistan and Afghanistan relations depend
on the peace process. Although severe, the consequent strain on the two countries' ties is not
uncommon. Due to internal and external circumstances, Pakistan and Afghanistan have
developed a shaky and sometimes uneasy cohabitation over the past seven decades, (Easterly,
August 2021).
In 2022, Kabul's central issue is to accept their government to the world community; being an
undefined and unacceptable government, the People of Afghanistan are facing many issues
internally and externally. The world needs to accept the Taliban government to solve the
problems of the people, and the Taliban also needs to respect the internal law, especially the
charter of the universal declaration of human rights of 1948.
Conclusion
The United States and the United Kingdom launched a joint operation called as "Operation
Enduring Freedom" in response to the terrorist events of September 11, 2001. As a US military
operation called "Operation Enduring Freedom," it started on October 7, 2001. Al-Qaeda had
received backing and a safe haven from the Taliban regime, which was why the invasion aimed

Naila Patras, Shakir Hussain, Muhammad Ismail, Haris Ahsan 83
to arrest Osama bin Laden, eliminate the organization, and remove it. The Bush Doctrine states
that the US will not distinguish between al Qaeda and the countries that host them from a policy
perspective.
The Taliban achieved a tremendous armed victory that made the ecosphere surprise. The
surrender of the 300,000-strong Afghan armed forces without a fight astounds the international
community. One of the critical reasons for the Taliban's swift occupation of Kabul was the
Afghan military's reliance on the US military, the latter's abrupt exit from the country, and the
Afghan army's internal deficiencies. Some members of the Afghan army also appear to have
backed the Taliban (Easterly, August 2021).
It was reassuring to hear the Taliban say that hijabs may be worn by women who were working
or attending school. Additionally, they had acknowledged religious freedom and issued a
general amnesty, which was encouraging. These were wonderful measures, but the
announcement of the temporary cabinet is in direct opposition to them. Because the Taliban
had previously disregarded them in the government, the Northern Alliance and the non-Pakhtun
populace, which includes Tajiks, Uzbeks, Hazaras, and others, did not recognize the Taliban
when they initially established the government. There were worries that the nation will erupt
into yet another civil war. In the global community that is the world of today, no nation
container be leftward in socially, politically or diplomatic inaccessibility.
Terrorist organizations such as Al Qaeda, ISIS, TTP, and others are despised by international
societies worldwide. Taliban leaders must convince the international world that they respect
human rights, particularly women's rights, as well as international law and UN policy.
The Taliban government is in such disarray that they do not know how to deal with domestic
and foreign issues; they want to impose Islamic rules in the country, while the international
community prefers secular standards. To cope with internal or exterior states, the Taliban must
choose one point or blend policies. Islamic control, secularism, and democracy mixed under
this strategy.
The changing conditions in Kabul will have both positive and bad effects for Pakistan. Taliban
will have to deal with a number of issues, including international reorganization, establishing
peace in Afghanistan, gaining the confidence of Afghans, enhancing the low-cost, figuring out
their association with neighbors, and battling drugs and armaments, midst others.

84 The Current Political Situation in Afghanistan: A Critical Analysis
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______________________________________________________________
Naila Patras is a M.Phil. Scholar in the Department of Political Science, Federal Urdu
University of Arts, Science and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
Shakir Hussain is a M.Phil. Scholar in the Department of Political Science, East China Normal
University, Shanghai, China
Muhammad Ismail is a Visiting Lecturer in the Department of Political Science, Karakorum
International University, Gilgit, Pakistan
Haris Ahsan is a Visiting Faculty in the Department of Business, Iqra University, Karachi,
Pakistan