Analysis of yo-yo intermittent recovery test level-1 between batter and bowler in cricket

Abstract

Yo-Yo intermittent tests are often used to assess physical fitness in a range of sports and scientific projects. The Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test, in particular, was a reliable indicator of fitness level in terms of total distance covered in meters, maximum oxygen consumption in VO2 Max, and levels achieved. The purpose of the research is to examine the aerobic endurance fitness of women cricket bowlers and batters using the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery test level 1. The capacity to perform intervals repeatedly over an extended length of time was measured in this study. A total of 60 female cricket players were chosen for this study. Out of these, 30 were bowlers, while the other 30 were batters. On these, the YYIRT 1 test was run. The test was carried out until the subject was able to do so, until the beep rang, or if the subject received two warning signals at once for failing to reach the endpoint. Total distance covered and VO2 max were evaluated as outcome measures to compare two groups of batters and bowlers according to their respective playing positions. This study demonstrated that there is a significant difference in performance, i.e., total distance covered, levels reached, and VO2 max, between batters and bowlers.

Full text

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International Journal of Physical Education, Sports and Health 2023; 10(1): 131-135
P-ISSN: 2394-1685
E-ISSN: 2394-1693
Impact Factor (RJIF): 5.38
IJPESH 2023; 10(1): 131-135
© 2023 IJPESH
www.kheljournal.com
Received: 16-10-2022
Accepted: 29-12-2022
Farjana Akter Boby
M.Sc. Student, Jashore
University of Science and
Technology, Bangladesh
Manisha Badhan
BA; Panjab University,
Chandigarh, India
Corresponding Author:
Farjana Akter Boby
M.Sc. Student, Jashore
University of Science and
Technology, Bangladesh
Analysis of yo-yo intermittent recovery test level-1
between batter and bowler in cricket
Farjana Akter Boby and Manisha Badhan
Abstract
Yo-Yo intermittent tests are often used to assess physical fitness in a range of sports and scientific
projects. The Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test, in particular, was a reliable indicator of fitness level in
terms of total distance covered in meters, maximum oxygen consumption in VO2 Max, and levels
achieved. The purpose of the research is to examine the aerobic endurance fitness of women cricket
bowlers and batters using the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery test level 1. The capacity to perform intervals
repeatedly over an extended length of time was measured in this study. A total of 60 female cricket
players were chosen for this study. Out of these, 30 were bowlers, while the other 30 were batters. On
these, the YYIRT 1 test was run. The test was carried out until the subject was able to do so, until the
beep rang, or if the subject received two warning signals at once for failing to reach the endpoint. Total
distance covered and VO2 max were evaluated as outcome measures to compare two groups of batters
and bowlers according to their respective playing positions. This study demonstrated that there is a
significant difference in performance, i.e., total distance covered, levels reached, and VO2 max, between
batters and bowlers.
Keywords: YYIR test level-1, Levels achieved, VO2Max
Introduction
One of the most significant topics in contemporary sports is the evaluation of athletes' physical
capabilities. Field and laboratory tests are used by coaches and sport scientists to screen
applicants, make selections, or assess the effectiveness of training program [1]. Many field tests
have been created to evaluate an athlete's physical capabilities. Due to its specificity and
usefulness, yo-yo tests have quickly become one of the most thoroughly researched shuttle run
tests in sports science [2]. It is believed that yo-yo tests are one of the most efficient field-based
methods for evaluating the endurance performance of soccer players. These tests have also
been used to evaluate players' abilities to repeatedly perform high-intensity exercise in many
team sports, including soccer, cricket, basketball, and rugby [3], [3]- [6]. This test estimates one's
maximum level of aerobic endurance [3]. The Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1, often
known as YYIRT1, IR1, or something similar, is the most widely used version of the yo-yo
test despite the fact that there are many other variations [7]. The Yo-Yo IR level 1 (Yo-Yo IR1)
test measures the ability to engage in intermittent activity that activates the aerobic system to
its fullest extent [4].
It was developed to gauge a person's personal aerobic capacity by measuring their VO2 Max,
or the maximum or ideal rate at which their heart, lungs, and muscles can efficiently utilize
oxygen during exercise. It has been one of the most often utilized aerobic field tests since that
time. As a result, this predicts VO2 Max across athletes who compete at different levels of
competitiveness and in different sports [8].
In the early years of cricket and even only a few years ago, endurance was a factor that was
frequently overlooked. However, many later understood how crucial it is, particularly in
cricket formats like ODI and Test. These kinds of tests assist coaches in determining which
athletes need to improve their endurance. Currently, the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery (IR)
Test is utilized to evaluate the endurance capabilities of female cricket players. By correctly
comprehending the test, practicing intermittent running, doing weight training, and engaging
in high-intensity interval training, one may do well and get better results on the YYIR test

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level 1. Weekly test sessions and technical training for the
beep-sound shuttle run will also aid to increase physical
prowess, physical fitness, and mental alertness. The level 1
Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test is useful for assessing a
person's sensitivity to training as well as their various physical
capacities [9]. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to
evaluate the level 1 Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test results
for the aerobic endurance fitness of female cricket bowlers
and batters.
Methodology
a) Selection of Subjects: For the purpose of the study, sixty
(N=60) female cricket players of 16 to 27 years of age
who had participated at least at the Division level were
chosen. Two groups of 60 Cricket players were formed
i.e. One group consists of thirty (N1=30) bowlers and
other of thirty (N2=30) batters. According to local
legislation, all participants had formal medical clearance.
All participants and parents gave their verbal and written
permission after being informed of the study's possible
dangers and experimental methodology. It was made
clear to participants that they might leave the research at
any moment without incurring any penalties.
b) Variables Selected: In consultation with experts, a
feasibility analysis was made to determine which
variables or skills could be used for the investigation
while taking into account the availability of tools, the
suitability of the subjects, the legitimate time that could
be devoted to tests, and to keep the entire study unitary
and integrated. The Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test
Level 1 (YYIRTL1) was chosen for the current
investigation keeping in mind the aforementioned
requirements.
c) Equipment Required
 Flat, non-slip surface, at least 30m long, and an
appropriate width based on the number of participants.
 Measuring tape of at least 20 meters.
 Marker cones.
 Audio cd or mp3.
 Cd or mp3 player.
 Loud speakers.
 Recording sheets and pen
 Drink Bottle: some athletes may wish to drink in their
recovery area during the yo-yo intermittent tests for
occasional small drinks to keep hydrated.
Course layout: Cones or tape is used to mark out three
parallel lines, 5 and 20 meters apart, as shown in the diagram.
Preparations: Make sure the participants are adequately
prepared: well-rested, hydrated and fueled, and familiar with
the test procedure and motivated to perform maximally. Give
clear and standardized instructions about the test and what is
expected of them including the importance of keeping in time
to the recording and completing the full 20m run.
Starting the Test: All participants should line up along the
starting line. The athletes start with a foot behind the middle
line (cone B), and begin running when instructed by the audio
recording. The athlete turns when signaled by the recorded
audio beep (at cone C), and returns to the starting point. The
athlete must not start running early, must run the complete
distance, and reach each line before or in time with the
recording.
During the test: There is an active recovery period of 10
seconds between every 40 meters run, during which the
subject must walk or jog to the next line (cone A) and return
to the starting point. At regular intervals, the running speed
will increase. The starting speed for the Level 1 Intermittent
Recovery Test is 10.0km/hr, and increases to 12km/hr,
13km/hr, then increasing by 0.5 km/hr thereafter.
Finishing the test: The participants must continue for as long
as they can. Some of the athletes will choose to stop when
they have reached their physical limit. For others, you will
need to give a warning as they drop behind the required pace
or make one of the errors listed below. On the second
infraction you pull them out of the test.
You give a warning when the participant
 Does not come to a complete stop before starting the next
40m run.
 Starts the run before the audio signal.
 Does not reach either line before the audio signal.
 Turns at the 20m mark without touching or going over
the line (therefore running short).
Scoring: The shuttle at which the second warning occurs is
not counted, e.g. if the second warning occurs at level 16.4,
the athlete's score is 16.3. When an athlete voluntarily
withdraws before a second warning, the last shuttle completed
successfully is their score. There are scoring sheets for each
test version to keep track of athlete scores during the test.
Interpretation: You can use the YYIR1 table of norms to
work out a fitness rating based on the score. There has been
formula published for estimating VO2max (ml/min/kg) from
the Yo-Yo IR1 results.
Outcome Measure
Total distance is much simpler to understand, calculate and
widely used, whereas level achieved is more complex as the
test begins at level 5 and then skips to level 9 at the
beginning.
Total Distance
This is the simplest, most common, and perhaps the most
reliable method of reporting YYIR test performance. To
calculate total distance, the simplest method is to record the
number of shuttles completed by the participant and then
multiply that number by 40 (40 = 2 x 20m shuttles [the run

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from cone B to cone C = 20m, then run back from cone C to
cone B = 20m]). For example, if an athlete performs 30
shuttles, this number can then be multiplied by 40 to calculate
their total distance (e.g., 30 x 40 = 1,200m)
Level Achieved
To calculate the levels which are achieved by the player is
according to the speed is one of the ways to evaluate the test
result. Below are the levels, speeds and accumulated distances
for the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test 1. The results can
be given as the total distance covered, level number achieved,
or speed level (such as 16.3, which would mean level 30 or
1200 meters). The results normally report the speed level plus
number of shuttles.
Table 1: Yo-Yo Intermittent recovery test-level 1
* Cumulative time includes 10 second recovery period between
shuttles
V02 Max
Though the YYIR1 has been shown to be a moderately
reliable predictor of V02 max [2, 10], it is advised to use the test
for what it was originally developed for – identifying an
individual’s ability to repeatedly perform high-intensity
aerobic work, which has proven to be a more sensitive
measure of changes in performance than V02 max.
Regardless, for those who wish to use this method, the
equations for calculating V02 max are below:
YYIR1 test: V02 max (mL * kg-1 * min-1) = IR1 distance (m) ×
0.0084 + 36.4
Validity and Reliability
It is critical that the coach understands the test is both valid
and reliable before they include it within their testing battery.
Any test that lacks significant validity and/or reliability will
produce worthless results that should not be used literally.
Moreover, even a test with sufficient validity and reliability
will still have some degree of error/inconsistency, but
understanding how much is a crucial part of the data analysis.
The YYIR1 has been repeatedly proven as a valid and reliable
tool with high-reproducibility for measuring high-intensity
aerobic capacity amongst athletes from various sports and
competition-levels [3, 11-13]. Furthermore, the YYIR1 has also
been shown to be a moderately reliable predictor of maximal
oxygen uptake (VO2 max) [2, 10].
Table 2: Statistical Analysis
Tests of Normality
Category
Kolmogorov-
Smirnova
Shapiro-Wilk
Statistic
df
Sig.
Statistic
df
Sig.
VO2 Max
(mL/min/kg)
Batter
.158
30
.053
.965
30
.404
Bowler
.140
30
.139
.964
30
.397
Distance
Batter
.158
30
.053
.965
30
.404
Bowler
.140
30
.139
.964
30
.397
a. Lilliefors Significance Correction
The data obtained were analyzed with IBM SPSS v26 ®
statistical software. The data showed normal distribution. The
Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and Shapiro-Wilk Test showed
significant difference in p<0.05.
Mean and standard deviation were calculated in order to study
the physical fitness components of the female batters and
bowlers. The mean was computed for comparison of players
of two groups. The “t-test'' was used to determine the
significant difference in performance, i.e., total distance
covered, levels reached, and VO2 max, between batters and
bowlers.
Results and Interpretation
Values of distance covered (YYIR1 test in meter)
Table 3: Mean Standard Deviation and ‘T’ Ratio on total distance
covered by batter and bowler. Significant at 0.05, table value = 2.00
(df = 58)
Category
N
Mean
Std.
Deviation
Std. Error
Mean
T
Value
Distance
Batter
30
892.00
238.88
43.61
4.981
Bowler
30
1289.33
365.80
66.79
Table-3 showed that the mean values of distance covered
between the batters and bowlers were 892.00 and 1289.33
respectively. The obtained ‘t’ ratio of 4.981 is greater than the

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table value 2.00 for df 58 required for significance at 0.05
levels. It was concluded that there was a significant difference
occurred in total distance covered between the batter and
bowler.
Fig 1: Graphical presentation of Mean, Standard Deviation on total
distance covered between the batter and bowler.
Values of VO2max (mL * kg-1 * min-1)
Table 4: Mean Standard Deviation and ‘T’ Ratio on VO2max of
batter and bowler. Significant at 0.05, table value = 2.00 (df = 58).
Category
N
Mean
Std.
Deviation
Std. Error
Mean
t-
value
VO2max
Batter
30
43.8953
2.00484
.36603
4.981
Bowler
30
47.2313
3.07245
.56095
Table-4 showed that the mean values of VO2max of the
batters and bowlers were 43.8953 and 47.2313 respectively.
The obtained ‘t’ ratio of 4.981 is greater than the table value
2.00 for df 58 required for significance at 0.05 levels. It was
concluded that there was a significant difference occurred in
total distance covered between the batters and bowlers.
Fig 2: Graphical presentation of Mean, Standard Deviation on
VO2max of the batters and bowlers.
Table 5: Mean Standard Deviation and ‘T’ Ratio on level achieved
by batters and bowlers. Significant at 0.05, table value = 2.00 (df =
58)
Category
N
Mean
Std.
Deviation
Std. Error
Mean
T
value
Level
Achieved
Batters
30
15.2
.79043
.14431
5.149
Bowlers
30
16.5
1.13887
.20793
Table-5 showed that the mean values of level achieved of the
batters and bowlers were 15.2 and 16.5 respectively. The
obtained ‘t’ ratio of 5.149 is greater than the table value 2.00
for df 58 required for significance at 0.05 levels. It was
concluded that there was a significant difference occurred in
total distance covered between the batters and bowlers.
Fig 3: Graphical presentation of Mean, Standard Deviation on
VO2max of the batters and bowlers
The above findings indicate that significant differences in
total distance covered were discovered between Batters and
Bowler, as the obtained t-value was greater than the tabulated
value of 2.00. The results also revealed that Bowlers have
performed better in total distance covered as well as in
VO2max as compared to the Batters. The results might be
attributed to their playing category, which includes different
types of practices. Additionally it was found that there was
significant difference in Level Achieved between the Batters
and Bowlers. The results of the present scenario point out the
positive quality of Bowlers as compared with Batters.
Conclusion
 This study also found that there were significant
differences between batters and bowlers in total covered
distance, VO2Max and Levels achieved of YYIRT
Level-1
 It was concluded that Bowlers had scored better in Level
Achieved as compared to the Batters
 The results also revealed that Bowlers had performed
better in total distance covered as well as in VO2max as
compared to the Batters.
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