1 Travel-based multitasking is the outcome of individuals seeking to make optimal use of the available 2 time. Previous research on travel-based multitasking is equivocal, suggesting that an individual's time use 3 during travel is mediated by trip characteristics. From the perspective of time use research, there are no 4 previous studies that specifically focus on the effects of (gendered) time use behavior or spatial attributes 5 on travel time use. To address this research gap, we explore how various time use activities (reading, ICT 6 use and talking) during travel are associated with diverse factors such as demographics, employment, 7 spatial attributes, trip / travel behavior and time use characteristics. The study used the cross-sectional 8 German Time Use Survey 2012/13 data and employed multi-level mixed logistic regression for analysis. 9 Results indicate three important findings: 1) solitary (reading/listening to music) time use is driven by 10 monthly income, working hours, living in semi-urban areas / East Germany, driving or traveling by public 11 transport, primary time spent on reading/ICT use, preference for ICT use; 2) socializing is positively 12 determined by female gender, living with partners, having young children, evening/night/weekend trips, 13 maintenance/leisure trips, traveling with partners or others, traveling by public transport, walking, 14 primary time spent on socializing and time spent on secondary activities); 3) gender interaction is evident 15 as travel companions (partners /others) significantly impact men's socializing, while primary time spent 16 on interaction with children positively determines women's socializing during travel. 17 18