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- Research Introduction:
Kinetic analysis is a modern entry into sports training, according to
scientific rules and foundations, where all motor skills have a mechanical
performance that expresses the optimal way to perform these skills. The
results of motor performance, whether quantitative, technical or qualitative,
are among the various necessities that pave the way for building training
or educational programs Depending on what is measured through kinetic
analysis and kinematic values extracted from scientific observation and the
results of using the laws of kinetic analysis.
Talha Hussein Hossam El-Din (1994) indicates that the study of
biomechanics is an absolute necessity for all workers in the field of
physical education and sports in order to understand the nature of
movement and its components and the scientific principles and foundations
that govern it.
The view of Bartell et al. (2013) Kinetic analysis of any mathematical skill
intended to obtain kinematic and kinetic data for the skill, using some
analysis methods that employ video and computer programs to extract
kinematic data (time, displacement, speed, acceleration) and kinetic data,
which are the causes of movement (external forces and internal forces) .
In order for the coach to reap the benefits of kinetic analysis, the coach
must be familiar with everything related to the skills of his sport he is
training, in terms of its technique and its use in the tactical aspects, and
the physical abilities needed by the skill and the physiological aspects
associated with it, and the coach must be Able and familiar with the
methods of kinetic analysis, and the scientific means and software on
which it is based, which increases the value of scientific analysis.
Swimming is one of the sports that has received wide and unparalleled
attention by coaches and researchers, because it elevates the person who
practices it not only in terms of physical and skill, but also in terms of
psychological, social and mental terms, and also because it occupies a
prominent position in the Olympic courses and world championships,
considering that it possesses The most medals come after athletics.
Butterfly swimming is also one of the most enjoyable swimmers, as it is
the only quality that the swimmer learns at the last stage after mastering
the other three types and requires more muscle strength, experience and
familiarity with the water medium. Physical and kinetic, which aims to
increase the thrust of the legs and arms, thus increasing the speed of
performance, and also requires high neuromuscular compatibility.
And between Seifert et al (2007) that butterfly swimming requires its
performance to acquire a high amount of muscle strength by the learner to
be able to perform it without errors or interruptions in motor coordination.
And Wafiqa Mustafa (1997) indicates that the position of the body in
swimming butterfly is similar to the position of the body in swimming
crawling, and in butterfly swimming there is movement from the trunk and
basin when performing the strikes of the legs, it leads vertically up and
down, as well as the movement of the head, it moves up Out of the water
and down in the water, and with regard to the movement of the head, it is
preferable not to rise much so that the chin touches the surface of the
water.
1- Research Problem:
The world in the current stage is witnessing a wide-ranging scientific
renaissance in all fields, including the sports field, in which all its chapters
are witnessing this scientific renaissance thanks to the use of various
research and studies, at the forefront of which is the research of the
science of sports training, which is concerned with developing the
individual’s physical, skill and kinetic competence in order to be able to
meet the requirements of Athletic achievement.
Biomechanics is one of the applied sciences that has played an important
role in the field of training by improving and developing techniques and
mechanical analysis of its activities. As well as identifying the causes of
sports movement (Kinetic).
The sport of swimming is highly dependent on special technical
performance as it relies on a large number of muscles to work in high-
level harmony, and the biomechanical variables are considered among the
most important factors that contribute to achieving high achievement, and
this requires studying the reality of change in these variables and whether
they have anything to do with achievement.
And the effectiveness of the 200m butterfly consists of several stages
(start-swimming-end), as these stages are interconnected with each other
in order for the achievement to depend on the ideal interconnected
performance between these stages. High and interconnected between
these stages, which helps to achieve a better achievement.
Through the work of the researcher in the field of swimming as a coach,
and after investigating the facts from experts and specialists in swimming,
including academics, coaches and athletes, he found that the technical
performance during the tournaments is affected by the technical level of
swimming negatively with the progression of the distance in the 200m
dolphin race and the difference in the level of the blow in the last 50m
from the start of the race.
Considering that the performing art of the respective swimming method
represents the most appropriate mechanical solution to the kinetic problem
of the body during its movement in the water medium as a practice
environment. In addition to the importance of the swimmer’s attempt to
maintain the form of performing the stroke during swimming the specified
distance for the purpose of achieving the maximum effectiveness and the
most appropriate efficiency for the exerted effort, this also made the
researcher wonder whether the swimmers of my stage (12/13) years were
able to have children who successfully passed the new swimming buds
program, born (2008/ 2009) with the possibility of preserving the
characteristics of the stroke during distance swimming, or is there a lack of
them to achieve this relative stability in the form of technical performance
of the strokes at the beginning and end of distance swimming.
This motivated the researcher to conduct this scientific study by analyzing
some of the kinematic variables of dolphin swimming during the 200m
race stages.
Research importance
2- Scientific importance:
The scientific importance of the current study lies in that it is one of the
scientific attempts to formulate a set of knowledge and information that
benefit workers in the field of swimming in general and dolphin swimming
in particular in the swimming sector for the junior stage (12-13) years.
3- Practical importance:
This study is one of the scientific attempts that try to provide an applied
contribution to the extent of the possibility of benefiting from the results in
directing trainers towards some requirements to correct and improve the
motor performance of dolphin swimming, which may be considered an
indicator for the rest of the swimmers in general.
4- Research Objective:
The research aims at an analytical study of some kinematic variables for
dolphin swimming during the 200m race stages.
Research questions :
1- What are some of the distinctive kinematic characteristics of the
performance method for dolphin swimming (rate of speed - rate of
stroke length - rate of stroke frequency - efficiency index - total time)
for the two stages (12, 13) years young during the 200m dolphin
swim?
2- What is the result of some kinematic characteristics of the blow at the
beginning and end of a 200-meter dolphin swim for each age group
separately?
3- What is the result of comparing the kinematic characteristics of the
blow at the beginning and end of a 200-meter dolphin swim between
two stages (12-13) years?
Search Actions:
- Research Methodology:
The researcher used the descriptive approach using kinematic analysis
through video photography and in the method of comparative study in
order to suit the nature and variables of the research.
- Research community and sample:
The research community and sample were chosen by the intentional
method of swimming juniors (200 m) butterfly in Al Ahly Sports Club (Nasr
City Branch) and its strength was (6) swimmers, where (3) swimmers from
the 12-year stage and (3) swimmers from the 13-year stage were
selected, and that To conduct a study and analysis of the kinematic
variables between the two stages, the researcher photographed three
attempts for each swimmer to perform it at the maximum speed with the
least time for this attempt, so that the researcher and the supervisory body
settled on the best attempt for the kinematic analysis of the method of
technical performance of a (200m) butterfly swim in each stage
- Data collection tools :
The researcher was based on collecting information and data related to
the research variables that achieve his goal as follows:
1- Devices and tools used in the research.
- Tripod holder for the camera.
- Olympic swimming pool ( 50 m)
- Whistle.
2- The measurements used.
- anthropometric measurements
- Measurements of kinematic variables
- Measurements of the kinematic variables of the dolphin strike
(beginning – end).
- Conclusions :
Through the questions set and the results of the research, the researcher
reached the following conclusions:
1- The highest average number of strokes for the arms was for the first
(50m) distance during the stages of swimming performance (200m)
butterfly in the two stages (12-13) years with a value of (22) strokes
for the stage (12) years and a value of (20) strokes for the stage (13)
years .
2- The highest average length of the arms stroke was for the first (50m)
distance during the stages of swimming performance (200m) butterfly
in the two stages (12-13) years with a value of (2.27) meters for the
stage (12) years and a value of (2.5) meters for the stage (13) years .
3- The highest average speed was for the first (50m) distance during the
stages of swimming performance (200m) of a butterfly in the two
stages (12-13) years with a value of (1.45) m/s for a stage (12) years
and a value of (1.52) m/s for a stage (13) ) years.
4- The lowest rate of stroke frequency was for the first (50m) distance
during the stages of swimming performance of (200m) butterfly in the
two stages (12-13) years with a value of (0.63) z/s for the stage (12)
years and a value of (0.61) z/s for the stage ( 13) years.
5- The highest efficiency index of the swimmer was in the first (50m)
distance during the stages of swimming performance of (200m)
butterfly in the two stages (12-13) years with a value of (3.29) m2 / s
for the stage (12) years and a value of (3.81) m2 / s for the stage (13)
years.
- Recommendations:
In light of the process of kinetic analysis of performance and the
conclusions reached by the research, the researcher recommends the
following:
1- Be guided by the statistical values that have been reached in guiding
educational and training programs to master the skill movements of
butterfly swimmers.
2- Using modern kinetic analysis methods to guide the training and
evaluation process in the field of swimming.
3- Develop objective exercises to improve the level of skill performance
according to the kinematic variables that contribute to the performance
of the skill movements of the butterfly mantis.
4- Paying attention to increasing the average stroke length of the arm
while maintaining an appropriate stroke frequency rate for the arm
because of its great role in increasing the speed rate of the research
sample.
5- The need to maintain the fluid position of the body in the water and
horizontally as much as possible to reduce the resistance and impeding
the swimmer's movement.
Summary of the research
Analytical study of some kinematic variables for dolphin swimming
During the stages of the 200-meter race
Researcher / Osama Adel Mohammed Omar Khalifa
The importance of the research is to make an analytical study of some kinematic
changes during the stages of swimming in a 200-meter butterfly, as it is one of the
scientific attempts to formulate a set of knowledge and information that benefit workers
in the field of swimming in general and butterfly swimming in particular in the swimming
sector for the junior stage (12-13) years Born in 2009-2010. The research aims at an
analytical study to reveal some of the kinematic characteristics of the two stages (12,
13) born in 2009-2010 years during the stages of swimming 200 m butterfly.
The researcher used the descriptive approach through video photography, and the
research community and sample were chosen by the intentional method of swimming
juniors (200 m) Al Ahly butterfly (Nasr City branch) and its strength was (6) swimmers,
where (3) swimmers from the stage of 12 years and (3) were selected ) Swimmers
from the stage of 13 years in order to conduct a study and analysis of the kinematic
changes between the two stages.
The most important results of the research were that the highest rate of the
number of arm strokes was for the first (50m) distance during the stages of swimming
performance (200m) butterfly in the two stages (12-13) years with a value of (22)
strokes for the stage (12) years and a value of (20) strokes for the stage (13) (year,
and the highest average length of the arms stroke was for the first (50m) distance
during the stages of swimming performance (200m) butterfly in the two stages (12-13)
years with a value of (2.27) meters for the stage (12) years and a value of (2.5)
meters for the stage (13) ) year. The kinematic variables whose values were extracted
through the kinematic analysis had a significant impact on the analysis of the
performance stages of swimming (200 m) butterfly in the two stages (12-13).
Recommendations:
In light of the process of kinetic analysis of performance and the conclusions
reached by the research, the researcher recommends the following:-
1- Be guided by the statistical values that have been reached in guiding educational
and training programs to master the skill movements of butterfly swimmers.
2- Using modern kinetic analysis methods to guide the training and evaluation process
in the field of swimming.
3- Develop objective exercises to improve the level of skill performance according to
the kinematic variables that contribute to the performance of the skill movements of the
Butterfly Sepals.
4- Paying attention to increasing the rate of stroke length to the arm while maintaining
an appropriate stroke frequency rate to the arm because of its great role in increasing
the rate of speed of the research sample.
The need to maintain the fluid position of the body in the water and as horizontally as
possible to reduce the resistance force and hinder the swimmer's movement.