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International Journal of Research and Review
Vol. 10; Issue: 1; January 2023
Website: www.ijrrjournal.com
Review Paper E-ISSN: 2349-9788; P-ISSN: 2454-2237
International Journal of Research and Review (ijrrjournal.com) 189
Volume 10; Issue: 1; January 2023
A Mapping Model of the Sustainability Hospital
Buildings in Post Occupancy Evaluation:
A Bibliometric Analysis
Garindra Hanan Perkasa1, Maria Ulfa1,2
1Master of Hospital Administration, Postgraduate Program, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta,
Yogyakarta, Indonesia
2School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta,
Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Corresponding Author: Maria Ulfa
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20230121
ABSTRACT
Post Occupancy Evaluation (POE) has proven to
be an important tool for assessing interior
environmental quality and a useful strategy for
continuous building quality improvement in
addition to standard tools. This study aims to
provide an integrated evaluation model for
occupant needs by investigating how the
Sustainability Hospital Buildings are related to
POE. This research employs a qualitative
method with Bibliometric Analysis. The
information used in this study was obtained by
searching the keywords "Post Occupancy
Evaluation" in the Scopus database from 2010
to February 2022. The identification of the time
range resulted in the discovery of 305
documents. Overall, the sustainable Buildings
scores were positively associated with
intelligent buildings (r= 0,584). In addition, the
sustainable Buildings had a significant
relationship with low-energy buildings, low
carbon building design, green building
performance, and green buildings with
correlation coefficients ranging from 0.5833 to
0.550. Concurrently, Hospital Building and
sustainable building design showed a correlation
(r= 0,538). Therefore, with the aspect of the
sustainable Building in the hospital can
determine a strategy for designing hospital
buildings that produce results hospital
management will be able to keep the building's
quality, both in terms of indoor air quality and
comfort.
Keywords: Post occupancy evaluation,
Sustainability Building, Bibliometric, Hospital
INTRODUCTION
The complexity of the requirements for the
growing need to provide high quality care in
order to increase patient satisfaction has
made building design increasingly important
for healthcare facility organizations in
recent years (1). Hospitals with high indoor
environment quality can promote
nosocomial infections that are hazardous to
both patients and hospital staff, while
hospitals with low indoor environment
quality can hinder patient recovery and
create an unpleasant work environment (2).
The health of occupants will be impacted by
issues such as inadequate ventilation, poor
indoor air quality, chemical pollutants from
indoor or outdoor sources, making people
feel too cold or hot, traffic noise, and
inadequate lighting (3). Furthermore,
hospitals use the most energy of all public
buildings because they are open 24 hours a
day (4).
From the perspective of healthcare facilities,
energy is a crucial component that is
dependable, affordable, and sustainable for
raising living standards, economic success,
and growth (5). Buildings consume more
than 40% of all the energy used in the
world, and by 2050, that percentage is
Garindra Hanan Perkasa et.al. A mapping model of the sustainability hospital buildings in post occupancy
evaluation: a bibliometric analysis
International Journal of Research and Review (ijrrjournal.com) 190
Volume 10; Issue: 1; January 2023
expected to rise to 50%. (6). As a result, it is
anticipated that buildings will be built in the
future to be more airtight to conserve energy
(7). In hospitals, safety is a structural
variable that is influenced by patient health
as well as staff physical safety, who are
exposed to hazards that put them at risk for
serious occupational illnesses as well as
psycho-physical illnesses (8). When
creating a healthy environment, it is crucial
to take three factors into account: interior
aesthetics, privacy, and comfort and control
(9). Design of the building, temperature
comfort, the visualization presented to
visitors, space utilization, sound level
strategic planning, and the ability to
accommodate occupant demands all have a
significant impact on comfort (10).1
A design analysis method called Post
Occupancy Evaluation (POE) is used to
direct and evaluate the social and physical
aspects of a building after it has been
occupied (11). POE has also been
demonstrated to be a significant tool for
interior environmental quality assessment
and useful strategies, in addition to standard
tools, for continuous design quality
improvement (12,13). As a result, the POE
Technique can successfully incorporate
environmental quality, thermal comfort,
efficiency, environmental strategy, and
occupant satisfaction by revealing the
connections between key building
performance elements (14). Aspects of post-
occupancy evaluation also relate to building
physical standards, which take energy and
thermal use into account (11).
The habits of the occupants that affect
energy efficiency are frequently the focus of
POE. It is easy to measure energy use and
get a sense of how comfortable an occupant
is on a thermal level, but it is more
challenging to measure and get a sense of
how comfortable they are on a ventilation
level. Newcomers frequently underestimate
the importance of proper ventilation.
Buildings are becoming more airtight in
order to use less energy for space heating;
however, if the ventilation system is not
checked and maintained by tenants, it will
eventually be detrimental to the occupants'
health and well-being due to exhaustion and
stress (7,15). In addition, because it affects
productivity and human health in the
interior environment, sunlight is essential
for building occupants. Green building
grading systems may help raise awareness
of the value of sunlight in buildings and
improve the standard of the ambiance inside
by giving points for capturing sunlight in
structures (16). Architecture, temperature
comfort, visitor perception, space
utilization, noise management, and the
ability to meet occupant needs all
significantly affect overall comfort as a
result (10).
Figure 1. Visualization of Hospital Building in POE
Garindra Hanan Perkasa et.al. A mapping model of the sustainability hospital buildings in post occupancy
evaluation: a bibliometric analysis
International Journal of Research and Review (ijrrjournal.com) 191
Volume 10; Issue: 1; January 2023
Based on figure 1 taken based on data from
Scopus which was published in 2010 to
February 2022 with the keyword "Post
Occupancy Evaluation" with a focus on the
area of environmental and energy science, a
total of 305 documents. After that,
visualization using VOSviewer found that
there were many studies using POE (yellow
density visualization), but from this study it
was seen that research in the health area was
still lacking (bluish green density
visualization). Based on the analysis above,
it can be concluded that POE in hospitals is
rarely carried out, in this finding it is mostly
evaluated in shopping center buildings,
hotels and offices. In addition, the authors
identify that there is still a lack of study that
focuses on sustainability, especially in terms
of energy and the environment and
sustainability with the POE method, when
viewed from the visualization of the density,
it is still small. Therefore, this study aims to
provide an integrated evaluation model for
occupant needs by investigating how the
sustainable buildings in the hospital are
related to POE.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This study used qualitative literature review
methods as well as a Bibliometric Analysis
methodology, which entails a variety of
activities such as collecting reference
services data, reading and recording, and
sustaining research materials. A literature
review is an important activity in a research,
particularly in academic research with the
aim of discovering theoretical and practical
benefits. Every researcher conducts a
literature review in order to lay the
groundwork for assembling and developing
a theoretical base, a conceptual model, and
identifying tentative preconceptions, also
recognized as research hypotheses.
Concurrently, the researchers can organize,
categorize, and apply a wide range of
research literature on their topics.
Research approach and selection
standards
This research strategy has been agreed upon
by the Scopus databases as a whole. In order
to find the study data, researchers searched
the database of the renowned peer-reviewed
database Scopus (https://www.scopus.com).
When "Post Occupancy Evaluation" was
used in the Scopus database search, 1.112
documents with publication dates spanning
from 2010 to 2022 were discovered. Next,
the topic areas "Environmental Science" and
"Energy" were chosen in order to obtain 342
documents that matched the focus area the
researchers were after. The study only
looked at 305 documents that were
published as journal articles and conference
papers. All data were gathered in the same
month, February 2022, to avoid the bias
introduced by the database's expansion. The
steps shown below (Figure 2) were taken in
order to clearly outline the investigation's
process.
Figure 2. The Steps Searching and Selecting the Articles
Garindra Hanan Perkasa et.al. A mapping model of the sustainability hospital buildings in post occupancy
evaluation: a bibliometric analysis
International Journal of Research and Review (ijrrjournal.com) 192
Volume 10; Issue: 1; January 2023
The conclusion of this association was then
used to direct additional research. in order to
encourage additional investigation into POE
using the Hospital Building Standards
application. As part of the POE analysis, the
most commonly used phrases were mapped
using VOSviewer software. The title or
author keyword served as the foundation for
the Post Occupancy Evaluation. The
following query was executed: TITLE-
ABS-KEY ( post AND occupancy AND
evaluation ) AND PUBYEAR > 2009
AND ( LIMIT-TO ( SUBJAREA , "ENVI"
) OR LIMIT-TO ( SUBJAREA , "ENER"
) ) AND ( LIMIT-TO ( DOCTYPE , "ar" )
OR LIMIT-TO ( DOCTYPE , "cp" ) ).
Data extraction and quality assessment
Subject area and keywords were extracted
from each article that had two reviews. It
was also simpler to read and analyze the
data since it was limited by the year and the
English language. The methods employed,
their limitations, as well as the overall
participation rate and participation
percentage, were screened. By comparing
the two investigators' data collection forms,
either the validity of the intentionally
collected or intentionally retrieved data was
confirmed. The next three quality
assessment methods are representativeness,
sample size, and relation of the articles
under consideration.
Analysis of data
The NVivo 12 Plus software and the
Vosviewer software were used for the
study's data analysis. The correlation
between indicators, variables, and keywords
used in earlier studies was tested using the
NVivo software. The conclusion from this
correlation was then used to guide further
study. When researching POE in the
sustainable building of the hospital, The
VOSviewer app was also employed to map
the most commonly used keywords. It was
done to facilitate future research on
sustainable building in the hospital in POE.
The researchers organized the parameters of
evaluation and components for the
bibliometric exploration using bibliometric
investigations and mixed citations. A
bibliographic coupling was used as a
comparison measure by comparing the
number of journal articles formed by two
documents; co-occurrences aided in
understanding the document set motifs
supporting the investigation; and co-
citations aided in identifying the conceptual
framework of the study's subject. To
develop and construct the figures and
information gathered from the cited articles,
the authors used co-occurrence assessment
of keywords and co-citation source network
analysis of POE to form groups and streams.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Overview of publication output
Figure 3. Number of publications and citations by year
Garindra Hanan Perkasa et.al. A mapping model of the sustainability hospital buildings in post occupancy
evaluation: a bibliometric analysis
International Journal of Research and Review (ijrrjournal.com) 193
Volume 10; Issue: 1; January 2023
In total, 305 publications examined Post
Occupancy Evaluation in Hospital Building.
Figure 3 depicts the evolution of research
written with the theme of Post Occupancy in
Hospital Building and published in Scopus
between 2010 and 2022. In the development
of research written on the POE theme
published in Scopus in Figure 2, this
research analyzed the annual trend in
publications showing that in 2017-2021
there was an increasing trend, especially in
2021. 2012 has received the most citations
in the last three years. Energy performance,
Indoor Environmental Quality, Architectural
design, Occupants' satisfactions, Green
buildings, Green buildings, environment,
Air quality, Thermal Comfort, Energy
efficiency, Sustainable development,
Energy utilization, Sustainability,
environmental factors, emission control,
visual comfort, energy management, zero
energy buildings were the most popular
research topics in five years (2018-2022).
The Increasing trend of POE in Hospital
Building because the concerns about quality
building, particularly in the indoor
environment, are growing in popularity,
owing largely to occupant comfort and
energy expenditure (17). Moreover, relation
to the POE approach in hospital building
was developed in response to a greater
understanding of the benefits and impacts
that a healthy physical environment can
provide to occupants and stakeholders
measuring the quality of the physical
environment (18). As a result, POE is often
associated with the physical aspects of
buildings, including energy and thermal
considerations (11).
Country-based scientific production
Figure 4. Country-based scientific production
Numerous publications contributed to the
development studies on post-occupancy
evaluation in hospital buildings in 52
countries. These countries were arranged
geographically, with the United States, the
United Kingdom, China, Australia, Italy,
Canada, Denmark, Malaysia, Spain,
Singapore, Hong Kong, Egypt, the
Netherlands, Sweden, and India at the top
(Figure 4). This map was made with
"Biblioshiny," a web interface for the
bibliometric package. America is in the first
rank, the country with the most publications
related to POE, namely 77 documents,
followed by England with 71 documents,
China with 34, Australia with 27
documents, and Italy with 17 documents.
Garindra Hanan Perkasa et.al. A mapping model of the sustainability hospital buildings in post occupancy
evaluation: a bibliometric analysis
International Journal of Research and Review (ijrrjournal.com) 194
Volume 10; Issue: 1; January 2023
Top 10 most global and cited publications (2010-2022)
Table 1. Article Distribution based on Citations
Title
Author and
Year
Source
Citation
Predicted vs. actual energy performance of non-domestic buildings: Using post-
occupancy evaluation data to reduce the performance gap
(19)
Applied Energy
473
Quantitative relationships between occupant satisfaction and satisfaction aspects
of indoor environmental quality and building design
(20)
Indoor Air
319
Virtual reality as an empirical research tool - Exploring user experience in a real
building and a corresponding virtual model
(21)
Computers, Environment
and Urban Systems
175
Nonlinear relationships between individual IEQ factors and overall workspace
satisfaction
(22)
Building and Environment
169
Green occupants for green buildings: The missing link?
(23)
Building and Environment
166
Occupant satisfaction in LEED and non-LEED certified buildings
(24)
Building and Environment
162
Gender differences in office occupant perception of indoor environmental
quality (IEQ)
(25)
Building and Environment
150
Satisfaction of occupants toward indoor environment quality of certified green
office buildings in Taiwan
(26)
Building and Environment
137
Completing the missing link in the building design process: Enhancing post-
occupancy evaluation method for effective feedback for building performance
(27)
Building and Environment
101
Investigation on the impacts of different genders and ages on satisfaction with
thermal environments in office buildings
(28)
Building and Environment
92
Table 1 categorizes articles according to the
amount of citations in the title. From 2010
to 2022, the top ten most cited publications
are shown in Table 1. This is employed to
map the published papers that are most
relevant to the POE topic. As a result, it is
critical to emphasize that rankings are based
on the articles cited. The publications that
are published are frequently referred to in
terms of environmental quality, building
design, and building performance rooms.
The number of article citations obtained in
all databases has been internationally
standardized (Scopus).
Table 1 describes the researcher's analysis
of the citations obtained in the article as a
whole. The three most frequently cited
articles are "Predicted vs. actual energy
performance of non-domestic buildings:
Using post-occupancy evaluation data to
reduce the performance gap" (n: 473) in
2022; article by (19) Article entitled
"Quantitative relationships between
occupant satisfaction and satisfaction
aspects of indoor environmental quality and
building design" (n: 319) in 2022; Article by
(20) and the article entitled "Virtual reality
as an empirical research tool - Exploring
user experience in a real building and a
corresponding virtual model" by (21) with a
total of 175 citations in 2022.
Keyword mapping of the twenty most frequently used authors and keywords plus
Table 2. Keyword mapping of the twenty most frequently used authors
Ranking
Authors’ keywords
Frequency
Ranking
Authors’ keywords
Frequency
1◦
Post-Occupancy Evaluation
84
11◦
Indoor Environment
9
2◦
Indoor Environmental Quality
34
12◦
Green Building
9
3◦
Thermal Comfort
29
13◦
Comfort
7
4◦
Occupant Satisfaction
25
14◦
Overheating
7
5◦
Green Buildings
15
15◦
Building Performance Evaluation
6
6◦
Indoor Air Quality
11
16◦
Energy Performance
6
7◦
Sustainability
11
17◦
Monitoring
5
8◦
Energy Efficiency
9
18◦
User Satisfaction
5
9◦
Building Performance
9
19◦
Daylighting
5
10◦
Leed
10
20◦
Productivity
5
Garindra Hanan Perkasa et.al. A mapping model of the sustainability hospital buildings in post occupancy
evaluation: a bibliometric analysis
International Journal of Research and Review (ijrrjournal.com) 195
Volume 10; Issue: 1; January 2023
Figure 5. Mapping Authors’ Keywords
Table 2 and Figure 5 show the most popular
keyword mappings from the author and the
data system (plus keywords). "Post-
Occupancy Evaluation" (n = 84), "Indoor
Environmental Quality" (n = 34), and
"Thermal Comfort" (n = 29) were the
authors' most frequently used keywords. In
contrast, “Sustainability” (n = 11) and
“Energy Efficiency” (n= 9) include the ten
most frequently used keywords by authors.
The keywords should be able to recognize a
trend for future studies and should cover the
entirety of the study's scope. The keywords
included in the study are acceptable as long
as they provide an overall view of the topics
discussed in the study, Occupant
Satisfaction, Building Performance,
Monitoring, Productivity, and Green
Buildings.
Trending topics Table 3. Mapping the author's 20 most frequently used keywords
Term
Range
Calculate
Weight Percent (%)
Term
Range
Calculate
Weight Percent (%)
energy
6
12172
2,52
design
6
5044
1,04
building
8
10844
2,24
comfort
7
4472
0,92
buildings
9
8874
1,84
air
3
4412
0,91
indoor
6
7442
1,54
environment
11
4290
0,89
evaluation
10
6750
1,40
occupant
8
3876
0,80
quality
7
6414
1,33
thermal
7
3630
0,75
occupancy
9
5972
1,23
satisfaction
12
3354
0,69
performance
11
5912
1,22
green
5
3016
0,62
post
4
5422
1,12
build
5
2362
0,49
environmental
13
5094
1,05
sustainable
11
1660
0,34
Table 3 presents the most frequently
occurring words or topics. From the results
of word frequency analysis using NVivo 12
plus it is known that energy (n=12172),
building (n=10844), buildings (n=8874),
inside buildings (n=7442), and evaluation
(n=6750) are topics that most trending in
POE. In addition, it also shows that design
(n=5044), sustainable (n=1660), health
(n=946), and environment (n=906) are
included in the 20 most frequent topics in
research. It was revealed that all the
documents reviewed regarding the
implementation of the use of POE in
hospital buildings. However, from the 305
articles it was found that the discussion also
often focused on the evaluation of buildings
(n=10844), while there was little analysis on
health (n=946) and the environment
(n=906).
Given that many hospital buildings are
closely affected by energy and
sustainability, the study's findings may
reflect the impact of this situation.
Furthermore, recent research has discovered
that, inside the face of energy and
sustainability management in hospital
buildings, green buildings have the greatest
benefits for building occupants, aside from
assessing the energy performance of
buildings and incorporating the Leadership
Program in Energy and Environmental
Design system in the future (29,30). Despite
the significant environmental impacts of
Garindra Hanan Perkasa et.al. A mapping model of the sustainability hospital buildings in post occupancy
evaluation: a bibliometric analysis
International Journal of Research and Review (ijrrjournal.com) 196
Volume 10; Issue: 1; January 2023
such energy consumption, occupants' lack of
thermal comfort is a common issue that can lead to health complications and decreased
productivity (31).
Figure 6. Visualization of the correlation in Sustainability Buildings
Furthermore, as shown in Figure 6, this
finding shows that the visual representation
depicts many of the sustainability
correlations explained in this relationship,
including thermal comfort, indoor
environmental quality, air quality,
performance assessment. The principle of
Sustainable Hospital Building in terms of
the energy efficiency, holistic approach,
ecodesign, environmental management, and
energy utilization. As a result, these
elements must be considered in hospital
management. A strategy is required to
create a sustainable building impact in the
design of hospital buildings. According to
(32), all hospitals, particularly those in
disaster-prone areas, must develop a
framework strategy for assessing hospital
building performance in the event of a
disaster and post-disaster in the future with
evaluation of building performance can be
used in terms of sustainable buildings with
post-disaster hospital reconstruction can be
used holistically to assess, diagnose, and
improve hospital building performance.
Building performance evaluation in terms of
sustainable building has three practical
benefits. The first is design assistance in
terms of improving future building
procurement, the second is management
assistance in terms of organizational
efficiency for maintenance and operations,
and the third is comparison assistance in the
transition to sustainable production and
consumption from the built environment
(32). Furthermore, the ventilation system
strategy is critical in the environmental
assessment of sustainable buildings.
According to (33), each ventilation
technique in buildings has flaws; however,
it will have an impact on the occupants who
interact in the building and are involved
with the ventilation system, how well the
strategy works in practice, and how well the
occupants are aware of and understand
ventilation. As a result, the evaluation of
sustainable buildings demonstrates that it
must be capable of evaluating human and
environmental performance, as well as
assessing the extent to which positive
impacts in these two areas have been
achieved and resulted in good results for the
environment and people (34).
The long-term implications of a sustainable
building will be felt. According to (35),
there are three main points in terms of
sustainable building. First, there is an
impact on the environment where reduced
energy consumption, increased area
efficiency, more environmentally friendly
transportation, materials, energy sources,
and construction processes all have an
impact directly so that sustainable principles
for the design and construction of buildings
contribute positively, especially in the long
term by increasing. Second, there is an
economic impact where increased output,
increased activity, and innovative
development are the result of energy
efficient buildings as well as buildings that
can easily adapt to future needs, making
them appealing to healthcare facilities.
Garindra Hanan Perkasa et.al. A mapping model of the sustainability hospital buildings in post occupancy
evaluation: a bibliometric analysis
International Journal of Research and Review (ijrrjournal.com) 197
Volume 10; Issue: 1; January 2023
Third, it has a social impact by improving
public services, increasing the welfare of
building occupants, and contributing to the
improvement of social sustainability. As a
result, the overall impact of the sustainable
buildings extends beyond energy savings.
Table 4. The Hospital Buildings and Sustainable Buildings Research Topics.
Code A
Code B
Pearson correlation coefficient
Hospital Buildings
Sustainable Buildings
intelligent buildings
0,584
Sustainable Buildings
low-energy buildings
0,583
Sustainable Buildings
low carbon building design
0,571
Sustainable Buildings
green building performance
0,556
Sustainable Buildings
green buildings
0,550
Sustainable Buildings
sustainable building design
0,538
Sustainable Buildings
building performance
0,527
Sustainable Buildings
building construction
0,519
Sustainable Buildings
occupant
0,519
Sustainable Buildings
energy
0,517
Pearson correlation coefficient between total
of sustainable buildings scores on intelligent
buildings, low-energy buildings, low carbon
building design, green building, sustainable
building design, building performance,
building construction, occupant and energy
are shown in Table 4. According to the
point-biserial correlation coefficient, overall
the sustainable buildings scores were
positively associated with intelligent
buildings (r= 0,584). In addition, the
sustainable buildings had a significant
relationship with low-energy buildings, low
carbon building design, green building
performance, and green buildings with
correlation coefficients ranging from 0,583
to 0,550. Concurrently, Hospital Building
and sustainable building design showed a
correlation (r= 0,538). There were
relationships between building performance,
building construction, and occupant.
Overall, Energy and environmental
management are critical in hospital POE.
The growing demand for high-quality care
in hospitals necessitates energy management
due to energy use and efficiency. According
to (35), Energy management is an effective
method for reducing energy inefficiency in
buildings, particularly complex and high-
efficiency buildings that do not perform as
well as assumed, particularly during the
concept-design-commission stage, because
of a lack of feedback after the building is
constructed. While (36), explained an
energy efficiency strategy in hospitals in
such a way that management can see that
these facilities can carry out energy
efficiency activities and developments
available from an environmental standpoint,
the concept of building design by combining
occupant surveys and building
measurements is used to evaluate occupants'
impression of environmental quality in the
room, and compare the measurements with
the applicable standards. And also (37),
mention that adopting LED lamps can
increase life expectancy, which is better and
requires less maintenance duration, as well
as better energy consumption than
fluorescent lamps, which exist and must be
uniformly arranged in the space to maintain
adequate lighting up to the required
standard.
In this recent study, environmental
management is very important in hospital
buildings in the setting of energy use.
Hospitals are a rapidly growing segment of
the health-care industry, resulting in a high
demand for the construction and renovation
of health-care facilities (38). The
environment in the hospital, according to
(39), is an important indicator for detecting
occupant needs, such as the utilization of
different lighting fixtures for various
functions (reading, resting, etc.), light
intensity, and control device. According to
(40), the physical environment of the
hospital not only affects the level of comfort
and satisfaction of residents, but it also
influences other important issues such as
controlling bacterial and chemical
contamination. Don't forget that managing
noise sources and their location is equally
important because they cause significant
Garindra Hanan Perkasa et.al. A mapping model of the sustainability hospital buildings in post occupancy
evaluation: a bibliometric analysis
International Journal of Research and Review (ijrrjournal.com) 198
Volume 10; Issue: 1; January 2023
noise incidents in the environment (41). An
environmental management system that is
built directly has a relationship with better
results through changes in behavior and
practices in carrying out care as mentioned
by (42), that there are key areas in
environmental development where it is
significant in terms of providing support,
including how occupants experience the
environment, how the overall layout
influences behavior, how sleep practices and
hygiene behaviors can be changed, and how
the relationships among residents are.
Another article regarding environmental
management in behavior change was also
explained by (43), that residents can adapt
to the environment in a multi-cultural
community by having personal privacy,
receiving good hospitality, and feeling the
appropriate building atmosphere will show
positive behavior. Inappropriate building
affects and stimulates building-related
symptoms or illness, and is even capable of
disrupting the surrounding health
environment; additionally, this situation has
a significant impact on mental and social
health (44). Therefore, supportive
environmental management can promote
positive occupant impacts in the face of
progressive change (45).
The hospital environment has several things
that must be considered, namely natural
lighting, air quality, air pollution in
buildings. Article by (46,47), explained that
natural lighting has a positive association
with a number of psychosocial variables
because abundant natural light is a design
feature most often associated with a pleasant
atmosphere. In addition, the article from
(48), states that efficient lighting design
usually reduces solar heat gain which in turn
can help and have a positive impact on
minimizing energy bills, these factors have
a significant impact on increasing lighting
levels. significantly especially in patient
rooms as well as on the daylight
performance of indoor lighting and building
thermal models. Finally, the environment of
the hospital is a part of which most internal
and external users felt safe and comfortable
while in or using the room (49).
This hypothesis in this research is fully
confirmed to provide an integrated
evaluation model for occupant needs by
investigating how sustainability in hospital
buildings are related to POE. We found that
POE management can determine design
strategies and the need for continuous
evaluation of buildings so that productivity
and satisfaction levels, both internal and
external, are maintained. So that if the post
occupancy evaluation is carried out again,
the level of satisfaction and quality of the
indoor environment, especially in the
hospital, will be maintained. Maintaining
POE in a sustainable manner can take
advantage of a holistic approach, occupant
satisfaction, energy performance and the
environment. Researchers see that
development is closely related to
management models and occupancy rates.
With this experience and development, it is
hoped that hospital management will be able
to maintain the quality of the building itself,
both in aspects of indoor air quality and
coziness. Furthermore, the creation of
sustainability buildings in data analysis so
that it is important to create definite
calculation tools that can measure in terms
of increasing levels of satisfaction and
quality in the hospital environment which
will also correlate in terms of increased
productivity. This study will be a follow-up
study by creating calculation tools in
creating sustainable hospital buildings
development in data analysis.
CONCLUSION
The study can be concluded based on the
above explanation of the findings. First, the
study's findings show that the Pearson
correlation between the total score of the
evaluation scale and POE can indicate an
impact on aspects of intelligent buildings,
low-energy buildings, low carbon building
design, green building, sustainable building
design, building performance, building
construction, occupant and energy. Overall
the sustainable buildings scores were
Garindra Hanan Perkasa et.al. A mapping model of the sustainability hospital buildings in post occupancy
evaluation: a bibliometric analysis
International Journal of Research and Review (ijrrjournal.com) 199
Volume 10; Issue: 1; January 2023
positively associated with intelligent
buildings (r= 0,584). In addition, the
sustainable buildings had a significant
relationship with low-energy buildings, low
carbon building design, green building
performance, and green buildings with
correlation coefficients ranging from 0,583
to 0,550. Concurrently, the hospital
buildings and sustainable buildings design
showed a correlation (r= 0,538).
Second, the implementation of post-
occupancy evaluation is inseparable from
the sustainable buildings (holistic approach,
occupants, energy performance,
environmental performance to produce user
satisfaction). Therefore, with these aspects,
the hospital can determine a strategy for
designing hospital buildings that produce
hospital management results in which will
be able to keep the building's quality, both
in terms of indoor air quality and comfort.
Declaration by Authors
Ethical Approval: Not Applicable
Acknowledgement: Words cannot express how
grateful I am to my supervisor, Dr. Maria Ulfa, for
her time and feedback. This article was not
financially supported.
Source of Funding: None
Conflict of Interest: The authors declare no conflict
of interest.
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How to cite this article: Garindra Hanan
Perkasa, Maria Ulfa. A mapping model of the
sustainability hospital buildings in post
occupancy evaluation: a bibliometric analysis.
International Journal of Research and Review.
2023; 10(1): 189-203.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20230121
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