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Dynamic Terrain Data Exchange in a Collaborative Terrain Editor
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3D terrains used in digital animations and videogames are typically created by several collaborators with a single-user application, which constrains them to update the shared terrain from their PCs, using a turn-taking strategy. Moreover, collaborators have to visualize the terrain through 2D views, confusing novice users when conceiving its shape in 3D. In this article, we describe an architecture for collaborative applications, which allow co-located users to sketch a terrain using their mobile devices concurrently. Two interaction modes are supplied: the standard one and an augmented reality-based mode, which helps collaborators understand the 3D terrain shape. Using the painting with brushesparadigm, users can modify the terrain while visualizing its shape evolution through the camera of their devices. Work coordination is promoted by enriching the 3D space with each collaborator’s avatar, which provides awareness information about identity, location, and current action. We implemented a collaborative application from this architecture that was tested by groups of users, who assessed its hedonic and pragmatic qualities in both interaction modes and compared them with the qualities of a similar Web terrain editor. The results showed that the augmented reality mode of our prototype was considered more attractive and usable by the participants.
Immersive technologies offer new opportunities to support collaborative visual data analysis by providing each collaborator a personal, high-resolution view of a flexible shared visualisation space through a head mounted display. However, most prior studies of collaborative immersive analytics have focused on how groups interact with surface interfaces such as tabletops and wall displays. This paper reports on a study in which teams of three co-located participants are given flexible visualisation authoring tools to allow a great deal of control in how they structure their shared workspace. They do so using a prototype system we call FIESTA: the Free-roaming Immersive Environment to Support Team-based Analysis. Unlike traditional visualisation tools, FIESTA allows users to freely position authoring interfaces and visualisation artefacts anywhere in the virtual environment, either on virtual surfaces or suspended within the interaction space. Our participants solved visual analytics tasks on a multivariate data set, doing so individually and collaboratively by creating a large number of 2D and 3D visualisations. Their behaviours suggest that the usage of surfaces is coupled with the type of visualisation used, often using walls to organise 2D visualisations, but positioning 3D visualisations in the space around them. Outside of tightly-coupled collaboration, participants followed social protocols and did not interact with visualisations that did not belong to them even if outside of its owner's personal workspace.
Collaborative visual analytics leverages social interaction to support data exploration and sensemaking. These processes are typically imagined as formalised, extended activities, between groups of dedicated experts, requiring expertise with sophisticated data analysis tools. However, there are many professional domains that benefit from support for short ‘bursts’ of data exploration between a subset of stakeholders with a diverse breadth of knowledge. Such ‘casual collaborative’ scenarios will require engaging features to draw users’ attention, with intuitive, ‘walk-up and use’ interfaces. This paper presents Uplift, a novel prototype system to support ‘casual collaborative visual analytics’ for a campus microgrid, co-designed with local stakeholders. An elicitation workshop with key members of the building management team revealed relevant knowledge is distributed among multiple experts in their team, each using bespoke analysis tools. Uplift combines an engaging 3D model on a central tabletop display with intuitive tangible interaction, as well as augmented-reality, mid-air data visualisation, in order to support casual collaborative visual analytics for this complex domain. Evaluations with expert stakeholders from the building management and energy domains were conducted during and following our prototype development and indicate that Uplift is successful as an engaging backdrop for casual collaboration. Experts see high potential in such a system to bring together diverse knowledge holders and reveal complex interactions between structural, operational, and financial aspects of their domain. Such systems have further potential in other domains that require collaborative discussion or demonstration of models, forecasts, or cost-benefit analyses to high-level stakeholders.
This work focuses on Human Computer Interaction (HCI) for multidisciplinary product modeling. Requirement Functional Logical Physical (RFLP) structure has emerged as one of the prominent approaches for modeling the multidisciplinary products. To simplify the HCI of an RFLP structured product model, Information Content (IC) provides effective communication and interaction. It controls the RFLP level by the Multilevel Abstraction based Self-Adaptive Definition (MAAD) structure. However, it needs an application to represent the modeled behavior data and zone information of a multidisciplinary product model. Further, the IC application requires an interface to interact with the Computer-Aided Design (CAD) based multidisciplinary product model application and exchange the information between the database of the servers. As per the knowledge of authors, no work has been done yet on the HCI of the IC. Therefore, this paper proposes a Content Web server, which is used to store the modeled behavior data and zone information of the multidisciplinary product model and represented by the IC web application. Then, the Content database is created to store the Layer Info-Chunk (LiC) entities’ information of the multidisciplinary
product model. Finally, communication between the Content Server and the CAD server is done to represent the IC application interface in the multidisciplinary product application. The Apache Tomcat
server, PostgreSQL database, and RESTful web service are used to explain the operations.
In this paper, we propose a method to represent a new method to represent large-scale 3D terrain efficiently to be used in a client-server collaborative terrain editor. The objective is to design a terrain representation that allows changes to be distributed between connected clients without throttling the bandwidth. The method divides the terrain into smaller patches so it can be streamed partially to connected clients. Moreover, we also reduce the data representation by using 8-bit values and modify the terrain representation to decrease the inaccuracy caused by data reduction. We present a thorough description of the proposed method and a demonstration of the technique in a practical collaborative 3D terrain editor application. We performed several tests with different terrain specifications and measured the interactivity level of the application. Based on these tests, we can conclude that the proposed method is capable of reducing the time-to-interactive of the application and consequently increasing the interactivity level of the system.
For more than 2 decades, Augmented Reality (AR)/Mixed Reality (MR) has received an increasing amount of attention by researchers and practitioners in the manufacturing community, because it has applications in many fields, such as product design, training, maintenance, assembly, and other manufacturing operations. However, to the best of our knowledge, there has been no comprehensive review of AR-based co-design in manufacturing. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of existing research, projects, and technical characteristics between 1990 and 2017 in the domain of co-design based on AR technology. Among these papers, more than 90% of them were published between 2000 and 2017, and these recent relevant works are discussed at length. The paper provides a comprehensive academic roadmap and useful insight into the state-of-the-art of AR-based co-design systems and developments in manufacturing for future researchers all over the world. This work will be useful to researchers who plan to utilize AR as a tool for design research.
This paper proposes a cloud-based PLM methodology to carry out collaborative
design by implementing industrial scenario representing realistic collaboration
among all the stake holders. In a world of advancing information technology
and more than ever demand in the requirement of spatially inter connected collaborative
work space, cloud based generic design process methodology seems
to be a viable option. However, it has been noticed that there has been little effort
directed towards Cloud Based Design (CBD). It is a widely accepted fact that
nearly 80% of the manufacturing cost of a product is determined by its design
process and hence targeting the very same process of PLM is the prime focus in
this paper. With an increase in the complexity of products along with the
squeezed budget across all industries, there has been a growing demand to have
cross company collaboration. To deal with such a complex requirement of communication
and coordination between all the players in the design process, this
paper links the field of collaborative design and cloud computing to propose paradigm-
based solution to cater generic design process. This paper showcases the
main advantages when CBD data and legacy CAD data are used to create a unified
digital model to achieve a true cross company collaboration by the means of
Cloud Based Collaborative Design (CBCD) methodology.
In this paper, we present a web-based framework for the interior decoration, which successfully merges Real-Time Communication, Web3D and Semantic Web technologies. The interior design concepts of the system are based on an OWL ontology which is hosted by Apache Jena Semantic Framework, while a SPARQL questionnaire with specific number of questions regarding to various parameters of the room space is filled by the users. The display of the appropriate decoration solutions was succeeded with the assistance of WebRTC protocol as the real-time communication mean and an X3DOM scene as the graphical layout according to their ontological descriptors. Moreover, the implemented GUI not only supports an automatic visual reconstruction of a design scheme in users' browser, but it also allows them to modify the scene according to their desires. Also, we implement our own MCU server for multi-party video call, which is written in JavaScript language. Our approach enables WebRTC-based video and audio conferencing.
The engineering design process is a creative process, and the designers must repeatedly apply Undo/Redo operations to modify CAD models to explore new solutions. Undo/Redo has become one of most important functions in interactive graphics and CAD systems. Undo/Redo in a collaborative CAD system is also very helpful for collaborative awareness among a group of cooperative designers to eliminate misunderstanding and to recover from design error. However, Undo/Redo in a collaborative CAD system is much more complicated. This is because a single erroneous operation is propagated to other remote sites, and operations are interleaved at different sites. This paper presents a multi-user selective Undo/Redo approach in full distributed collaborative CAD systems. We use site ID and State Vectors to locate the Undo/Redo target at each site. By analyzing the composition of the complex CAD model, a tree-like structure called Feature Combination Hierarchy is presented to describe the decomposition of a CAD model. Based on this structure, the dependency relationship among features is clarified. B-Rep re-evaluation is simplified with the assistance of the Feature Combination Hierarchy. It can be proven that the proposed Undo/Redo approach satisfies the intention preservation and consistency maintenance correctness criteria for collaborative systems.
Combining the emerged advanced technologies (such as cloud computing, 'internet of thing', virtualization, and service-oriented technologies, advanced computing technologies) with existing advanced manufacturing models and enterprise 'informationization' technologies, a new computing-and service-oriented manufacturing model, called cloud manufacturing (CMfg), is proposed. The concept, architecture, core enabling technologies, and typical charac-teristics of CMfg are discussed and investigated, as well as the differences and relationship between cloud computing and CMfg. Four typical CMfg service platforms, i.e. public, private, community, and hybrid CMfg service platforms, are introduced. The key advantages and chal-lenges for implementing CMfg are analysed, as well as the key technologies and main research findings.
users to remotely point into the shared document and simultaneous audio-visual communication simplifies interactions on the item of interest. The second approach is based on a network of sharable data objects accessible by various sharable tools. A virtual common workspace with a group centered interface enables participants to Dieses Dokument wurde erstellt mit FrameMaker 4.0.2. paper #930703; page 2 share a common workspace, to set up conferences, to see other's gestures and hear their voices in the shared space. The integration of both approaches results in a framework which is an open system adaptable to specific application domain requirements. 1 ATAXONOMY FOR CSCW SYSTEMS The taxonomy for CSCW [1], [2] presented in this chapter defines and describes criteria for identifying CSCW systems. It serves as a basis for defining CSCW system requirements. 1.1 Application Criteria and Requirements If we look at CSCW syst
As a new design and manufacture paradigm, Cloud-Based Collaborative Design (CBCD) has motivated designers to outsource their product data and design computation onto the cloud service. Despite non-negligible benefits of CBCD, there are potential security threats for the outsourced product data, such as intellectual property, design intentions and private identity, which has become an interest point. This paper presents a novel secure product data exchange (PDE) in the processes of CBCD. Different from general cloud security mechanism, our method is content-based. We first show an outline of the collaborative scenario to describe the architecture of the proposed secure CBCD, in which a security mechanism is combined with the data exchange service to achieve secure PDE. Second, we present a novel grid-based geometric deformation method for the security mechanism with three processes: the original shapes of a source Computer Aided Design (CAD) model can be hidden by deforming the control grid; then the deformed grid can be exchanged to target system where a deformed target CAD model can be reconstructed; at last, the deformed target CAD model can be recovered to the original shape after recovering the deformed grid. Finally, typical CAD model tests demonstrate that our method can keep the sensitive information of source model and also maintain the same level of data exchange error.
In 3D content creation, developing a terrain may be time consuming due to most of current 3D applications require a vast terrain. In this paper, we introduce a collaborative terrain editor that allows multiple users to collaborate in real time. The objective of the application is to increase the productivity in developing a vast terrain in 3D environment. The application is based on a client server architecture where each editor applications are connected to a single server that collects and distributes the editing process done by each user. We perform our test in a local area network environment with multiple clients connected to a server and observe the performance and the usability of the software. The test results show the system is capable to perform real-time collaborative terrain editing with insignificant delay. Moreover, most of our users agree that using the system may increase the speed in 3D terrain creation.
Many 3D editors have been developed as 3D modeling has been popular. Naturally, collaboration support for 3D editing has appeared in those editors. As one of such editors, Lets3D singularly enables a group of users to edit 3D scenes in real time. In this paper, we present a different version of the Lets3D editor named Lets3D-C, which does not require the centralized middlewares for collaboration. Lets3D-C adopts distributed consensus model based on the raft protocol, ensuring the robustness of collaboration in case of network failure and providing the similar functionalities for collaborative 3D editing.
The paper describes the application of the latest Information Technologies in business processes such as design and manufacturing. More specifically it examines the use of cloud computing in the mechanical drawing and design process of an enterprise. It proposes a specific architecture with different servers, for the implementation of a collaborative cloud based Design system. Finally as an application example, it compares the operating cost of an industry’s design department before and after the use of the proposed system. This example uses a private cloud deployment model so that the comparison of the operating cost would be feasible. While public cloud may offer more functionality and economy, private cloud is best suitable to make conclusions and comparison between on-premise and cloud operation, because all of the cost is handled by the organization that uses it.
The application needs in D visualization culminate today, in particular in the field of geographic information systems (GIS), as evidenced by the popularity of applications like Google Earth or Google Map. Meanwhile, the popular success of mobile devices like smartphones or tablets and the explosion of cloud computing directly related to ubiquitous networks accelerates the gradual shift from the traditional desktop application development to web and specialized mobile application development. But if the latest technologies centered around HTML5 facilitate the development of rich internet applications (RIA), the gap in resources between a desktop computer and a smartphone requires still an important conceptual and algorithmic work when one aims to design web applications offering a user experience similar to desktop applications. In this paper, we propose a method of terrain simplification suitable for data compression and streaming, and therefore ideal for the GIS visualization in a web browser. Based on new parallel algorithms, this method was designed to exploit the multi-core architectures of the latest CPU and GPU, within the constraints of the latest HTML5 API (WebGL, WebSockets, WebCL). It offers the main advantage of working on irregular grids, which allows to modelize highly non-uniform terrains (containing for instance roads and buildings) that may be unprojectable (plain 3D and not only 2.5D).
We present a geometry compression method for large-scale terrain rendering, which is based on restricted quadtree meshes. Terrain data of our method are organized by special structure, and then dynamically transmitted to graphic hardware and compute dynamic error metric by GPU, for the purpose of reducing bandwidth requirements and saving the running time of CPU.
An abstract is not available.
Despite the pursuit for increased realism in VR training simulations and massively multiplayer online games, we find little deployed capability to modify terrain. Usually, terrain is stored in a static database and then preprocessed to support multiple levels of detail and to rectify features with the ground. Also, dynamic-terrain research has concentrated on graphics simulations for single users; we've found no research on systems that can support 500 or more user systems. Many obstacles to implementing large-scale dynamic-terrain simulations are hardware based such simulations need large amounts of memory and computing power. However, recent advances in computer hardware can help ameliorate these problems. In particular, high-performance computing clusters (HPCCs) offer an expandable set of computing elements, large amounts of memory and storage, and high-speed connections that remove many of the hardware limitations. Additionally, the industry's movement toward multi- or many-core machines indicates that research done today on high-performance computers (HPCs) could find its way into future commodity systems.
The technology of Collaborative Virtual Environment, (CVE) aims to transform today's computer networks into navigable and populated 3D spaces that support collaborative work and social play. CVEs are virtual worlds shared by participants across a computer network. Participants are provided with graphical embodiments called avatars that convey their identity, presence, location, and activities to others. They are able to use these avatars to interact with contents of the world and to communicate with one another using different media including audio, video, graphical gestures and texts. These worlds can take many forms and representations used for the virtual world and avatars can vary tremendously. In this article, the emergence of CVEs needs to be briefly reviewed and effort should be made to outline challenges and future for this significant technology. CVEs can be seen as the result of a convergence of research interests within the virtual reality and computer-supported cooperative work communities.
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