Content uploaded by Neeraj Kumar Sharma
Author content
All content in this area was uploaded by Neeraj Kumar Sharma on Jan 03, 2023
Content may be subject to copyright.
Poonam Shodh Rachna (ISSN 2456-5563)
(A multidisciplinary, peer reviewed and refereed Research Journal)
Vol.1, Issue.XII, December 2022, Pc : PSR-2212007
Author : Dr. Neeraj Kumar Sharma I Vol. 1, Issue.XII, December 2022 I www.poonamshodh.in Page 39
“Agricultural Progress in India at the Present Time”
Author : Dr. Neeraj Kumar Sharma
Mahatma Gandhi National Council of Rural Education
Department of Higher Education, Ministry of Education, Government of India
Abstract
The agricultural sector provides the bulk of India's G DP. In India, About 22% of GDP comes from agriculture, while more than 65% of the
inhabitants works directly in the agricultural industry. The significance of agriculture stems from the crucial supply and demand ties it has
with industry. In the last five years, The agricultural sector has achieved tremendous achievements in the production and p ro fitability of
grain crops, oilseeds, cash crops, fruits, veggies, small grains, chicken, and dairy. Cashews an d spices originate in India, and the country is
also the world's number two produce r of fruit and vegetable exports. Additionally, India has the world's largest milk production.
The evolution of Indian farming:
There have been four major eras in the development of Indian agriculture since independence. Before I go into detail about them, I
feel obligated to point out that famines were commonplace and famine commissioners were plentiful throughout the colonial
period. Between the years 1900 and 1947, the increase rate of food production was just 0.1% a year. The majority of agriculture's
major institutional advancements may be traced back to suggestions made by famine commissioners. In 1942–1943, India declared
its independence against the background of the great Bengal Famine.
Fisrt Phase (1947-1964)
During the Jawaharlal Nehru administration (1947–1964), scientific agricultural infrastructure was prioritised. This was achieved by
establishing new centres for agricultural research, Additionally, the Pant Nagar University was founded in 1958, marking the
beginning of the country's first agricultural university. A combination of improved public health infrastructure and new discoveries in
preventative and curative medicine led to an increase in the population of the world of more than 3% each year at this time. The
increase in food production wasn't enough to satisfy the rising demand, thus food imports were necessary. The United States' PL-
480 programme, which facilitated such imports, reached its zenith in 1966, when its volume reached 10 million tonnes.
Second Phase (1965–1985)
During this time, The focus was on making the most of the irrigation and technology transfer infrastructure built in. A sense of pride
in our country's agricultural prowess was birthed by the Green Revolution. Once the agricultural growth rate had finally surpassed
the overall economic growth rate, the benefits were cemented throughout the Sixth Five Year Plan period (1980–1985). Food
production increased at a faster pace than the population. The success of the Sixth Plan shows what can be accomplished when
investment and the strategy for agricultural output are designed with the farmer in mind.
Third Phase (1985-2000)
During this time, pulses and oilseeds were prioritised above other crops as they had been in previous eras, although other cr ops
including vegetables, fruits, and milk were also boosted in production. Production of oilseeds increased dramatically when Rajiv
Gandhi instituted organisational changes like the Technology Missions. The Mission strategy prioritises preservation with
production, consumption, and trade. A Wasteland Development Board was established, and the government paid more attention to
rain-fed regions and abandoned lots. Progress has been gradual and occasionally startling, whenever an end-to-end strategy has
been applied. This era concluded with the government hoarding vast quantities of grain, a fact that was widely reported in the
media under the banner "Grain Mountains and starving millions." During this time, the cooperative credit system began to brea k
down and government spending on irrigation and other infrastructure vital to agricultural success began to dwindle.
Fourth Phase 2001 until the present
This era is best defined by policy weariness, which has led to technological extension and production fatigues. It's no surprise that
those who provide for the survival of others, farmers, are turning to suicide at alarming rates, and that 40% of farmers would want
to leave the profession altogether if given the chance. Using grain for ethanol production is a contributing factor to rising worldwide
“Agricultural Progress in India at the Present Time”
Author : Dr. Neeraj Kumar Sharma I Vol. 1, Issue.XII, December 2022 I www.poonamshodh.in Page 40
prices of key food grains at a time when agricultural productivity is falling. Competition between the needs of food production and
energy production is driving up land prices. Wheat's export price, for instance, increased from 2005's $197 per tonne to 2007's $263
per tonne. Since 2005, the price of maize has more than doubled, from about $100 per tonne to the current $166. Free yet unjust:
the globalisation of commerce. These issues may become much more complicated if global warming causes unfavourable shifts in
precipitation, temperature, and sea level. North India may experience catastrophic floods due to the melting of Himalayan ice and
glaciers. There is a chance that we will return to the pre-Independence condition of periodic famines. Gone are the days of abundant
food supplies; in their place come dwindling stocks, rising costs, and pervasive malnutrition.
India is broadening its export markets, although the United States remains its primary export partner. Although the European Union
(EU) is still its largest export market, the value of EU exports fell from 21% to 16% between 2003 and 2005. When adjusted for
inflation, ASEAN's 14% share places it in second position.
The Present Farming Situation in India:
India's food grain output hit a record 227 million tonnes in 2007–08, an increase of 10–12 million tonnes over the previous fiscal
year. If food grain output increases by another 2–3 million tonnes during the Rabi season, it will surpass the historic 230 million-ton
level. Growth in India's agri-biotech industry is expected to play a significant role in propelling India's economy forward.
The agricultural sector is expected to have a large boost in output in fiscal year 2009. According to a report by the Centre for
Monitoring the Indian Economy (CMIE), the agricultural and allied sectors of India's GDP would expand by 3.2% in the current fiscal
year. During the 2009 fiscal year, the ancillary industries of cattle, forestry/logging, and fisheries are projected to expand by 4.8%.
India already produces more milk than any other country and is expected to overtake New Zealand as the world's second-largest
producer of dairy products over the next few years. It is the world's second-largest provider of produce. More cattle than
everywhere else in the world are kept there. A third-largest grain producer, it ranks in the top 10 worldwide. When it comes to fish
productionIt's the third-best in the whole planet. Most spices come from India, which is also the greatest producer of these aromatic
plants, responsible for 25-30% of global output. The country is home to over 9500 different spices, many of which have medicinal or
fragrant properties. India is the largest producer, consumer, and seller of spices in the world. Black pepper, tiny and big cardamom,
cinnamon, onion, mustard, chilli, etc. are all cultivated and collected in India.
Key Characteristics of India's Agricultural Sector
As was previously noted, subsistence agriculture is practised across the vast majority of India. While certain parts of India have
abandoned this method of farming after several hundred years, the majority of the country continues to use it. After gaining
independence, there was a massive shift in agricultural techniques. Despite the rise of the industrial and urban sectors, the
agricultural sector continues to feel the effects of the population's reliance on it.
Farm mechanisation: The late 1960s and early 1970s were a time of "Green Revolution" in India. Complete automation of
agriculture is still a pipe dream, notwithstanding the Green Revolution and the revolution in agricultural gear and equipment.
Increased reliance on the monsoon: Irrigation systems have grown rapidly since independence. In spite of the massive increase,
only roughly a third of all cultivated land is irrigated at now. Therefore, the monsoon remains crucial for the success of two-thirds of
cultivated land. You are aware that the Indian monsoon is notoriously unpredictable. As the climate changes, this becomes
increasingly less trustworthy. It was said at the beginning of the class that India has a wide variety of terrain, climate, and soil types.
India's varied climatic zones allow for the cultivation of both tropical and temperate crops. Rare are the nations that can compare to
India in terms of cultural diversity. When we get into a detailed discussion of the many types of crops, you'll see it for yourself. Crops
grown for human use predominate because of the need to sustain India's massive rural population. However, in recent years, the
proportion of land utilised for food crops has decreased owing to many alternative uses that are more financially viable.
Trends throughout the seasons: India's three harvest seasons reflect the country's unique geography. You may be familiar with the
terms kharif, rabi, and zaid. Different crops are cultivated in each of India's three growing seasons. The kharif harvest is for rice,
whereas the rabi harvest is for wheat.
Indicators of Difficulties in Indian Agriculture
Although many causes have contributed to the current status of agriculture in India, the seven challenges listed below are
particularly pressing.
Diminished Efficiency and Increasing Unpredictability:
The unpredictability of the monsoon has led to significant shifts in recent years in agricultural output in India. For instance, during
2002–03 (the lowest in the previous 12 years) and 2003–04, food grain output in the nation ranged from 174.19 million to 210 MT.
Non-food grain production also shows cyclical fluctuations. It was shown that between 1992 and 2003, the average fluctuation in
“Agricultural Progress in India at the Present Time”
Author : Dr. Neeraj Kumar Sharma I Vol. 1, Issue.XII, December 2022 I www.poonamshodh.in Page 41
agricultural output was five times that of the total GDP. The necessity to improve the irrigation systems is highlighted by the fact
that India's agricultural output is so highly dependent on rain. Only 39.2 percent of the country's total cultivated land was irrigated in
1998-99.
Lower Rates of Capital Formation:
Agricultural investment rates, particularly public investment, fell steadily during the 1990s. Over the last decade, private sector
capital creation in agriculture has increased, but this has not been enough to make up for the gap caused by a comparable drop in
governmental investment. With the lack of enough new capital formation, agriculture has been unable to keep up with the ever-
quickening speed and pattern of technological development, which has had a negative impact on productivity. It is imperative that
the current downward trend in public investment be reversed in order to reinvigorate agricultural development. Falling numbers of
small loans are much more concerning than the general drop in agricultural lending (of up to Rupees 25,000). From a high of 6 2.55
million in March 1992, these loans for the informal sector have dropped to a low of 37.22 million in March 2002. During the same
time frame, their percentage of total bank credit fell from 25% to 6%. Consequently, it seems that small farmers are bearing the
brunt of the agricultural financing crunch. Poor Resource Allocation and Technological Development Increasing the amount of land
used to grow crops has slowed, making it all the more important to maintain and improve agricultural productivity. In addition, Land
ownership is decreasing as a result of factors such as the growing price of producing and the drying up of ground water. Therefore, if
we want to see a rise in agricultural output, we need to see a rise in agricultural productivity from the land that is already being
farmed. The availability of reliable electrical power on farms also has to be increased urgently. Deficiency in the supply of energy to
farms: Unfortunately, the country's supply of agricultural energy power remains inadequate. When compared to other industrialised
countries.
Unfair pricing and support structures:
The MSP system was established to guarantee farmers a minimum price for their goods. However, throughout the 1990s, big rises in
rice and wheat MSPs severely altered incentives offered to these crops at the expense of others. The incentives have already been
skewed away from rain-dependent crops like pulses and oilseeds due to the electricity subsidy granted for irrigation. These biases
have hampered attempts to broaden the range of crops grown.
Significant Difficulties Facing India's Agricultural Sector
Looking at the difficulties encountered by Indian farming, Maybe there are two main groups that we can use to categorise them.
Subsets of this collection of problems include those that have persisted for a long time. The second set of problems is all new, and it
has arisen because of the way agriculture is practised now, climate change, and the state of the economy. The key obstacles are as
follows; let's break them down.
Major crop production has been stagnant for some decades, even for staples like rice and wheat. Our agriculture experts,
policymakers, and planners are concerned about this. There would be a massive supply-and-demand imbalance if this tendency kept
going. No one wants a return to India's pre-Green Revolution state of affairs. Investigate the conditions that prevailed before the
Green Revolution.
The rates of agriculture inputs have grown dramatically throughout the years. Fertilizer, insecticide, pesticide, HYV seeds, farm
labour cost, etc. are all examples of agricultural inputs. Farmers with smaller or medium-sized plots of land would be hit particularly
hard by such an increase.
On the one hand, the green revolution has helped end famine in India. Nonetheless, technology has also spawned unintended
effects. Exhaustion of farmable land is one such issue. Repeatedly growing the same crop may deplete the soil of its nutrients, a
phenomenon known as soil fatigue. Rain forests are a common place for this kind of thing to occur.
The negative effects of global climate change Global climate change is a relatively new problem among many. Many experts believe
it will have far-reaching consequences for farming. Seventy percent of India's population works in agriculture, so you can picture the
effect. Some predictions for the effects of climate change include a 2–3 degree Celsius rise in average temperatures, a rise in sea
level, stronger cyclones, more erratic precipitation patterns, and so on. Rice and wheat yields would decrease as a result of these
adjustments. Northern India's wheat harvest would be negatively impacted by a temperature increase in the winter. In the coastal
regions of India, rice production will be negatively impacted by the increased frequency of storms and the incursion of salt water.
The impact of globalisation on India's agricultural industry is plain to discern. Every single emerging nation has felt its effects. The
most glaring result is the danger to the profitability of farming in India, which is putting financial pressure on farmers. This is because
of a decline in output prices and an increase in input costs. This is a result of the decrease in both subsidies and safeguards for
farmers. The liberalisation of trade threatens the livelihood of these farmers by opening the market to cheap goods produced in the
developed countries with the help of massive government subsidies.
“Agricultural Progress in India at the Present Time”
Author : Dr. Neeraj Kumar Sharma I Vol. 1, Issue.XII, December 2022 I www.poonamshodh.in Page 42
The term "subsidy" refers to monetary aid provided by the government to private organisations or individuals. In a liberalised
economy, businesses may open in any part of the nation at any time, with no fear of interference from the government or other
private entities.
Food Security: Before the green revolution, India was unable to meet its own needs for food grain production. It was West Pakistan,
or what is now Pakistan, that benefited from India's canal irrigation system, cotton belt, and wheat bowl when India was divided in
1947. East Pakistan, now known as Bangladesh, was also recognised for its contributions of the jute belt and the rice bowl. Thanks to
the green revolution, India is now able to produce all the food grains it needs on its own. However, overall output has remained
relatively unchanged over the last decade. However, throughout this time our population grew by an estimated 16–18 million
people. India has achieved food self-sufficiency, but this hasn't been accompanied by guarantees of food security, which rely on the
availability, cost, and nutritional quality of the food that is consumed. Providing enough food for the Indian people is a major
problem the country is trying to solve.
Farmer Suicide: There are always several factors at play. However, when there are over 200,000 of them, it becomes sense to look
for overarching similarities among them. A high degree of commercialization of agriculture and extreme levels of peasant debt tend
to correlate with an increase in suicide rates. Those planting cash crops seemed to be at far higher risk of suicide than farmers
growing food crops. However, the root causes of the issue were not addressed. The first cause of the downturn was the widespread
commercialization of rural areas and the accompanying sharp drop in agricultural investment. The challenges were made worse by
the fact that banks stopped lending money to farmers just when input costs were skyrocketing and agricultural earnings were
plummeting. Two-thirds of agricultural suicides between 2003 and 2008 occurred in these states. Debt, failed harvests, and a
general decline in economic fortunes are three key causes. Farmers' lives have become more challenging as a result of a varie ty of
factors, including a decline in social status, excessive charges by local money lenders for the vulnerable farmers, chronic disease in
the family, addiction, etc.
It is for this reason that the Tea Revitalization and Replanting Fund has been established. The government is working on
implementing a cash-based system for the production of coffee, rubber, spices, cashews, and coconuts. To get additional irrigation
projects done as quickly as possible, the Accelerated Irrigation Benefit Program (AIBP) has been updated. The budget for 2007-08 is
Rs11,000 crore, which is a significant increase over the previous year's spending of Rs7,121 crore. In 2006–2007, fertiliser subsidies
were expected to cost the government Rs.17,253 crore. New projections put this figure at Rs.22,452 crore. Kharif and Rabi crops will
continue to be covered by the National Agriculture Insurance System (NAIS) in 2007-08. In 2007-08, the interest subvention policy of
2% will be maintained. The new Rain fed Area Development Program has received funding of Rs. 100 crore.
Conclusion
The most significant factor in India's gross domestic product is the agricultural sector. The agricultural sector contributes close to
18% to the country's GDP. It has been observed that agricultural input has been decreasing over the last several years, yet it remains
the largest contributor overall. Not only does agriculture play a significant role in India's GDP, but a big section of the population also
relies on it for their living. The rapidly growing middle class and increasing per capita income in India have stoked fears of an
overheated economy and inflation. India's food import bill would climb dramatically as a result of rising demand and the present
commodities boom. In spite of this, it cannot be denied that India's agricultural industry has made tremendous progress toward
realising its potential. Expanded use of technology in farming led to a "green revolution" that dramatically increased the supply of
staple cereals. The improvement may be seen in India's current account balance. Before 1990, India had to rely on imports to meet
its food needs. Because of its size and variety of agricultural products, even little changes in its commerce may have a major impact
on global agricultural markets.
References
1. Business Today (2020) Coronavirus lockdown 4.0: PM Modi announces economic package worth Rs 20 lakh crore; 10% of GDP. Story. Business Today
https://www.businesstoday.in/current/economy-politics/coronavirus-lockdown-4-pm-modi-speech-highlights-economic-package-rs-20-lakh-crore-10pc-
gdp/story/403628.html. Accessed 24 June 2020.
2. Sharma. (2022, December 1). “Succeeding with ‘Make i n India’ presents both difficulties and possibilities.” “Succeeding With ‘Make in India’ Presents Both
Difficulties and Possibilities.” Retrieved December 24, 2022, from http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.32186.67526
3. Neeraj. (2022, December 1). “Perspectives on th e Most Recent Changes in the Business and Management Environment.” “Perspectives on the Most
Recent Changes in the Business and Management Environment.” Retrieved December 24, 2022, from http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.14701.67046
4. N. (2022, December). “The role of women in Indian agriculture. ” Retrieved December 28, 2022, from http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.18909.08164
5. Kumar. (2022, November 30). The Next-Generation Marketing Principles For Online Sales. The Next-Generation Marketing Principles for Online Sales.
Retrieved December 17, 2022, from http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.28365.92641
6. Kumar. (2022, November 30). What’s Wrong with Social Studies Education? What’s Wrong Wit h Social Studies Education? Retrieved December 17, 2022,
from http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.18299.59689
7. Kumar. (2022, November 30). Human resource management systems’ affirmation and duty to take on responsibility. Human Resource Management
Systems’ Affirmation and Duty to Take on Responsibility. Retrieved December 17, 2022, from http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.35076.81286
8. N. (2022, November 30). “Secondary Students’ Learning Outcomes As A Result Of Studying Habits.” Retrieved December 25, 2022, from
http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.36446.51520
“Agricultural Progress in India at the Present Time”
Author : Dr. Neeraj Kumar Sharma I Vol. 1, Issue.XII, December 2022 I www.poonamshodh.in Page 43
9. N. (2022, November 30). “Threats That Ma nagement Schools In India Face, And What Th ey’re Doing To Ov ercome Them.” Retrieved D ecember 25, 2022,
from http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.23024.74248
10. Neeraj. (2022, November 30). “After COVID-19 Pan demic, It Is More Important Than Ever To Practise Corporate Social Responsibility.” Retrieved December
27, 2022, from http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.26118.04167
11. Neeraj. (2022, November 30). “Promoting University -Level Academic Leadership Excellence.” Retrieved December 27 , 2022, from
http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.19407.15522
12. K, Francis, Sen, Sharma, Prashad, O NO, & Kumar. (2022, November 30). Business Adaptive Intelligence: The Next Frontier in Org anizational Sustainability.
Business Adaptive Intelligence: The Next Frontier in Organizational Sustainability. Retrieved December 17, 2022, from
http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.31721.36968
13. Sharma, N. (2022, October 31). Effects of Integrity and Controls on Financial Reporting Fraud. Retrieved December 8, 2022, from
http://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.24507.49447
14. K, S. (2022, October 31). Regional Trade Arrangements and Their Varieties. Retrieved December 8, 2022, from
http://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.27862.93766
15. Kumar. (2022, October 31). “Opportunity for Creative Tourism After The Pandemic.” Retrieved December 15, 2022, from
http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.33097.62565
16. Agrawal, & Kumar. (2022, October 31). Consumer behavior changes after COVID-19. Retrieved December 15, 2022, from
http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.29742.18247
17. Rachna, S. R., & Sharma , N. K. (2022, July 31). How Garbage Dumps affect Urban E nvironment : A Case St udy of Praya graj District. How Garbage Dumps
Affect Urban Environment : A Case Study of Prayagraj District. http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.23364.09603
18. Yadav, U. S., Singh, S., Bhardwaj, S., & Sharma, N. K. (2022, July 31). The Art of Choosing a Research Sample. PARF.
http://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.10030.79682
19. Sharma, N. K. (2022, May 31). Instruments Used in the Collection of Data in Research . Instruments Used in the Collection of Data in Research.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4138751
20. Sharma, N. K. (2022, May 15). How to Write an Article/Research Pa per of Social Science for Publication in an Indexed Journal . How to Write an
Article/Research Paper of Social Science for Publication in an Indexed Journal. http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.27844.71049
21. Kumar , P., & Sharma, N. K. (2022, April 30). NGO Impact On India’s Development Process. NGO Impact On India’s Development Process.
http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.31972.24963
22. Sharma, N. K. (2022, March 31). Post-Pande mic Human Resource Management: Challenges and Opportunities. Post-Pandemic H uman Resource
Management: Challenges and Opportunities. http:// dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.31311.56484
23. Yadav, G. P., & Sharma, N. K. (2022, March 31). Marketing in India is adapting to shifting consumer attitudes and behaviours. Marketing in India Is Adapting
to Shifting Consumer Attitudes and Behaviours. http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.24422.50241
24. Sharma, N. K. (2021, December 31). Easy Way to Determine the Sample Size. Easy Way to Determine the Sample Size.
http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.35758.84808
25. Sharma, N. K. (2020, August 21). An Analysis of Corporate Social Responsibility in India. An Analysis of Corporate Social Responsibility in India.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3676827
26. Sharma. (2020, August). “Corporate Social Responsibility: An Analysis Of Impact And Challenges In India.” Retrieved December 28, 2022, from
http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.13055.23205
27. Sharma, N. K. (2019, March 31). CSR Expenditure of BSE Listed Companies in India: An Analytical Study . CSR Expenditure of BSE Listed C ompanies in India:
An Analytical Study . http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.23626.18882
28. Sharma, N. K. (2018, February 28). Corporate Governance and Its Relation to Business . Corporate Governance and Its Relation to Business .
http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.16541.74729
29. Pandey, R. N., & Sharma, N. K. (2018, February 28). Manage ment of Stress Life . Management of Stress Life .
http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.20795.03361
30. Shukla, A. K., Ramesh, R., & Sharma, N. K. (2018, February 18). An Overview of Corporate Social Responsibility in India. An Overview of Corporate Social
Responsibility in India. http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.21633.89446
31. Ramesh, R., Shukla, A. K., & Sharma, N. K. (2017, May 31). Corporate Socia l Responsibility in Our Changing Business World . Corporate Social Responsibility
in Our Changing Business World. http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.30674.58562
32. Sharma, N. K. (2016, February 28). Penetration Of E-Commerce And Its Ac ceptance : An Exploratory Study Of Sme’s In India . Penetration Of E-Commerce
And Its Acceptance : An Exploratory Study Of Sme’s In India. http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.24150.47689
33. Sharma, N. K. (2016, February 28). Corporate Social Responsibility Is Not a Charity but a Responsibility in India. Corporate Social Responsibility Is Not a
Charity but a Responsibility in India. http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.22472.75520
34. Sharma, N. K. (2015, November 4). Industry Initiatives for Green Marketing in India. Industry Initiatives for Green Marketing in India.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2151-6219.1000192
35. Sharma, N. K. (2015, October 31). Emergence of SNS as Marketing Communication Tool . Emergence of SNS as Marketing Communication Tool .
http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.32958.51526
36. Yazdi M (2017) Hybrid probabilistic risk assessment using fuzzy FTA and fuzzy AHP in a process industry. J Fail Anal Prev 17:756–764.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11668-017-0305-4
37. Wright J, Cushman L, Nicholson A (2002) Reconciling industry and academia: perspectives on the apparel design curriculum. Educ + Train 44:122 –128.
https://doi.org/10.1108/00400910210424300
38. Wedley WC (1993) Consistency prediction for incomplete AHP matrices. Math Comput Model 17:151–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/0895-7177(93)90183-Y
39. Wang CH, Wu HS (2016) A novel framework to evaluate programmable logic controllers: a fuzzy MCDM perspective. J Intell Manuf 27:315–324.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10845-013-0863-6
40. Taha Z, Rostam S (2012) A hybrid fuzzy AHP -PROMETHEE decision support system for machine tool selection in flexible manufacturing cell. J Intell Manuf
23:2137–2149. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10845 -011-0560-2
41. Singh RK, Gunasekaran A, Kumar P (2018) Third party logistics (3PL) selection for cold chain management: a fuzzy AHP and fuzz y TOPSIS approach. Ann
Oper Res 267:531–553. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479 -017-2591-3
42. Saaty TL (1977) A scaling method for priorities in hierarchical structures. J Math Psychol 15:234–281. https:// doi.org/10.1016/0022-2496(77)90033-5
43. Moghimi R, Anvari A (2014) An integrated fuzzy MCDM approach and ana lysis to evaluate the financial performance of Iranian cement companies. Int J
Adv Manuf Technol 71:685–698. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-013-5370-6
“Agricultural Progress in India at the Present Time”
Author : Dr. Neeraj Kumar Sharma I Vol. 1, Issue.XII, December 2022 I www.poonamshodh.in Page 44
44. Mangla SK, Kumar P, Barua MK (2015) Flexible decision modeling for evaluating the risks in green s upply chain using fuzzy AHP a nd IRP methodologies.
Glob J Flex Syst Manag 16:19–35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40171-014-0081-x
45. Majumdar S (2014) Make in India versus made in China, Opinion. TheMillenium Post, Delhi. http://www.millenniumpost.in/make -in-india-versus-made-in-
china-40689.
46. Luthra S, Garg D, Haleem A (2013) Identifying and ranking of strategies to implement green supply chain management in In dian manufacturing industry
using analytical hierarchy process. J Ind Eng Manag 6:930 –962. https://doi.org/10.3926/jiem.693
47. Low C, Hsueh Chen Y (2012) Criteria for the evaluation of a cloud-based hospital information system outsourcing provider. J Med Syst 36:3543–3553.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-012-9829-z
48. Liu Y, Lee JM, Lee C (2020) The challenges and opportunities of a global health crisis: the management and business implications of COVID-19 from an
Asian perspective. Asian Bus Manag 19:277–297. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41291-020-00119-x
49. Lees A, Khatri S (2010) Made in India: are you ready for outsourced contract manufacturing. J Commer Biotechnol 16:258 –265
50. Lee S, Seo KK (2016) A hybrid multi-criteria decision-making model f or a cloud service selection problem using BSC, fuzzy delphi method and fuzzy AHP.
WirelPersCommun 86:57–75. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-015-2976-z
51. Kwong CK, Bai H (2002) A fuzzy AHP approach to the determination of importance weights of customer requirements in quality function deployment. J
Intell Manuf 13:367–377. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1019984626631
52. Kiani Mavi R (2014) Indicators of entrepreneurial university: fuzzy AHP and fuzzy TOPSIS approach. J Knowl Econ 5:370 –387.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-014-0197-4
53. Kanda R (2015) Indian manufacturing sector: a review on the problems & declining scenario of Indian industries. Int J Sci Res 4:1039 –1042
54. Kabir G, Ahsan Akhtar Hasin M (2012) Multiple criteria inventory classification using fuzzy analytic hierarchy process. Int J Ind Eng Comput 3:123–132.
https://doi.org/10.5267/j.ijiec.2011.09.007
55. Ivanov D (2020) Predicting the impacts of epidemic outbreaks on global s upply chains: a simulation-based analysis on the coronavirus outbreak (COVID-
19/SARS-CoV-2) case. Transp Res Part E LogistTransp Rev 136:101922. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2020.101922
56. Inamdar N (2020) Coronavirus: can India replace China as world's factory?. Story. BBC. https://www.bbc.com/news/w orld-asia-india-52672510.
57. Hsu P, Chen B (2007) Developing and implementing a selection model for bedding chain retail store franchisee using delphi and fuzzy AHP. Qual Quantity
41:275–290. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135 -006-9004-z
58. Haq AN, Kannan G (2006) Fuzzy analytical hierarchy process for evaluating and selecting a vendor in a supply chain model. Int J A dv Manuf Technol
29:826–835. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170 -005-2562-8
59. Hanine M, Boutkhoum O, Tikniouine A, Agouti T (2017) An application of OLAP/GIS -Fuzzy AHP-TOPSIS methodology for decision making: location selection
for landfill of industrial wastes as a case study. KSCE J Civ Eng 21:2074–2084. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-016-0114-4
60. Fu HP, Chu KK, Lin SW, Chen CR (2010) A study on factors for retailers implementing CPFR—a fuzzy AHP analysis. J Syst Sci Syst Eng 19:192–209.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11518-010-5136-8
61. Ertuǧrul I, Karakaşoǧlu N (2008) Comparison of fuzzy AHP and fuzzy TOPSIS methods for facility location selection. Int J Adv Manuf T echnol 39:783–795.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-007-1249-8
62. DPIIT( 2014) Sectors. Webpage. Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade, India. https://www.makeinindia.com/sectors.
63. Dhyani K, Saxena A (2015) Make in india v. made in china. J Contemp Issues Law 3:1 –11
64. Deshmukh S, Sunnapwar V (2019) Fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) for green supplier selection in indian industries. In: Proceedings of international
conference on intelligent manufacturing and automation. Springer, Singapore, pp 583 –591
65. Carbone R, Armstrong JS (1982) Note. Evaluation of extrapolative forecasting methods: results of a survey of academicians and practitioners. J Forecast
1:215–217. https://doi.org/10.1002/for.3980010207
66. Buckley JJ (1985) Fuzzy hierarchical analysis. Fuzzy Sets Syst 17:233 –247. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-0114(85)90090-9
67. Bellman E, Zadeh LA (1970) A fuzzy environment. ManagSci 17:B141–B164
68. Bartunek JM, Rynes SL (2014) Aca demics and practitioners are alike and unlike: the paradoxes of academic -practitioner relationships. J Manag 40:1181–
1201
69. Athreye S, Kapur S (2006) Industrial concentration in a liberalising economy: a study of Indian manufacturing. J Dev Stud 42: 981–999.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00220380600774764
70. Alonso JA, Lamata MT (2006) Consistency in the analytic hierarchy process: a new approach. Int J Uncertain Fuzziness Knowl-Based Syst 14:445–459.
https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218488506004114
71. Alinezad A, Seif A, Esfandiari N (2013) Supplier evaluation and selection with QFD and FAHP in a pharmaceutical company. Int J Adv Manuf Technol
68:355–364. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170 -013-4733-3
72. Akoglu H (2018) User’s guide to correlation coefficients. Turk J Emerg Med 18:91–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjem.2018.08.001
73. Agrawal S, Jamwal A, Gupta S (2020) Effect of COVID-19 on t he India economy and supply chain. Pr eprints 2020050148.
https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202005.0148.v1
74. Sharma, N. (2022). “The Influence of Intern et-Related Aspects on Fi nancial Reporting.” “the Influence of Internet-Related Aspects on Financial Reporting.”
Retrieved December 24, 2022, from http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.28123.44327
